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Separation and Determination of Active Components in Evodiae fructus and its Pharmaceutical Preparations by Non-Aqueous Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an easy, economical and effective nonaqueous micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (NAMECC) method for the simultaneous determination of two bioactive components (evodiamine and rutaecarpine) in Evodiae Fructus and its pharmaceutical preparations was developed for the first time. After optimization of the separation conditions and concentration conditions, the two alkaloids can be separated by using a fused-silica capillary column (57 × 75 μm I.D.) with a running buffer of 140 mM sodium cholate (SC) in methanol and detected with a diode-array detector (228nm). The second-order derivative electropherograms were applied for resolving overlapping peaks in complicated preparations. Regression equations revealed good linear relationships (correlation coefficients 0.9969-0.9999) between peak heights in second-order derivative electropherograms and concentrations of the two analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the migration times and the peak height of the two constituents were less than 0.49% and 1.6%. The recoveries of two constituents ranged from 93.5 to 105.6%. The results indicated that baseline separation of the analytes was hard to be achieved in real samples sometimes and second-order derivative electropherograms was applicable for the resolving and analysis of overlapping peaks.
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Nguyen NVT, Lee KR, Lee YJ, Choi S, Kang JS, Mar W, Kim KH. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of evodiamine enantiomers and rutaecarpine, isolated from Evodiae fructus. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang PT, Pan BY, Liao QF, Yao MC, Xu XJ, Wan JZ, Liu D, Xie ZY. Simultaneous Quantification of Limonin, Two Indolequinazoline Alkaloids, and Four Quinolone Alkaloids in Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by HPLC-DAD Method. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:827361. [PMID: 23738236 PMCID: PMC3664498 DOI: 10.1155/2013/827361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient HPLC-DAD (225 nm) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of limonin and six key alkaloids (evodiamine, rutaecarpine, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, evocarpine, 1-methy-2-[(6Z,9Z)]-6,9-pentadecadienyl-4-(1H)-quinolone, and dihydroevocarpine) in Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth, which has been widely used as one of the Traditional Chinese Medicines. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil BDS C18 column, and gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water. Contents of the analytes in 18 batches of samples were analyzed by ultrasonic extraction with ethanol and water mixture (80 : 20, v/v) followed by HPLC analysis. Separation of the seven analytes was achieved within 60 min with good linearity (r > 0.999). The RSD of both the intraday and interday precision was below 1.85%. The accuracy at different concentrations was within the range of 97.91 to 100.49%. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of the seven constituents. This study indicated that the quality control of E. rutaecarpa could be simplified to the measurement of four constituents, and that limonin, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, and dihydroevocarpine should also be served as the chemical markers together with evodiamine for the quality control of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bi-yan Pan
- Guangzhou Baiyun Shan Ming Xing Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510250, China
| | - Qiong-feng Liao
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei-cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-zhi Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-yong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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A sensitive liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of dehydroevodiamine and limonin from Evodia rutaecarpa in rat plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:289-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhou X, Zhao Y, Lei P, Cai Z, Liu H. Chromatographic fingerprint study on Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS(n) technique. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2258-65. [PMID: 20568251 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The LC-ESI-MS(n) method was developed for the analysis and characterization of alkaloids in the extract of E. rutaecarpa (called Wuzhuyu in Chinese). Thirty-six batches of Wuzhuyu from different locations of China were investigated and the common fingerprinting profile was established with a professional analytical software recommended by the State Food and Drug Administration. Fifteen chemical components of the common peaks were identified by multi-stage MS. The effects on the chromatographic profile resulting from different collecting locations, harvesting times or storage times were studied. Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal components analysis were also performed to classify and differentiate the 36 batches of the samples. As a result, those which had same chemical properties were sorted into one cluster, which was very useful in evaluating and controlling the quality of Wuzhuyu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P. R. China.
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Gao X, Yang XW, Marriott PJ. Simultaneous analysis of seven alkaloids in Coptis-Evodia herb couple and Zuojin pill by UPLC with accelerated solvent extraction. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2714-22. [PMID: 20715137 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhou X, Cai Z, Gong X, Zhou C. Quality evaluation of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1230-6. [PMID: 18930617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and accurate HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous determination of wuchuyuamide-I, quercetin, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine in Evodia rutaecarpa that has been widely used as one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Chromatographic separations were performed on a reverse-phase C(18) column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-water and the simultaneous detection at five wavelengths. Good linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of r higher than 0.999 for all the analytes. The recoveries measured at three levels varied from 98.77 to 102.36%. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the five chemical constituents in 36 batches of samples collected from different regions or time that were investigated and authenticated as E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of the five characteristic constituents. The total contents of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in different samples were calculated and the blending method proposed was demonstrated to be very useful in saving resources and in guiding rational herb use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wen D, Li C, Liu Y, Liao Y, Liu H. Determination of evodiamine and rutecarpine in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1075-81. [PMID: 16724219 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine and rutecarpine are two kinds of indole alkaloids contained in the fruit of Evodiae fructus, which have been shown to exhibit various bioactivities in humans. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of evodiamine and rutecarpine in human serum. The serum was extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed using a C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (85:15) solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive mode, employing the extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) for detection and quantitation of evodiamine (m/z 288) and rutecarpine (m/z 304). Good linear relationships between the peak area and the concentration were obtained in the ranges of 5.2-1040 ng/mL and 10.2-1020 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.999 and 0.998, for evodiamine and rutecarpine, respectively. The repeatabilities (RSD, n=6) of quantitation for evodiamine and rutecarpine were 2.18-4.00% and 2.99-5.67%, respectively, and the recovery ranged from 90.5% to 98.1%. A comparative study of the different ionization and quantitation modes, including ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS, APCI-MS and APCI-MS/MS, was also accomplished. The MS/MS fragmentation mechanism of the base peak ([M+H](+), m/z 304) of evodiamine was investigated in order to identify the analytes in more complicated body fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Yoshizaki F, Melegari M. Development and validation of HPLC methods for the analysis of phenethylamine and indoloquinazoline alkaloids inEvodiaspecies. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:641-9. [PMID: 16605082 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatographic performance of a PEG stationary phase, in comparison with those of C18 columns, for the HPLC analysis of phenethylamine ((+/-)-synephrine) and indoloquinazoline (rutaecarpine and evodiamine) alkaloids in methanolic extracts of fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. and E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (i.e., E. officinalis Dode) (Rutaceae family). The method was validated and showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The highest content of both phenethylamine and indoloquinazoline alkaloids was found in methanolic fruit extracts of E. rutaecarpa, and it was closely related to the degree of maturity. E. officinalis fruits displayed low amounts of both types of alkaloids. Furthermore, an enantioselective HPLC method for the enantioseparation of (+/-)-synephrine from Evodia fruits was applied, by using a protein-based chiral stationary phase with cellobiohydrolase (CBH) as the chiral selector (Chiral-CBH). Isolation of synephrine from Evodia aqueous fruit extracts was carried out by strong cation-exchange SPE. The results of the application of the method to the analysis of Evodia samples showed that (-)-synephrine was the main component while (+)-synephrine was present in low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pellati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Yoshizaki F, Bertelli D, Rossi MC. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile compounds of Evodia species fruits. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1087:265-73. [PMID: 16130723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study the investigation of the aroma compounds of dried fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. and E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (i.e. E. officinalis Dode) (Rutaceae family) was carried out to identify the odorous target components responsible for the characteristic aroma of these valuable natural products. To avoid the traditional and more time-consuming hydrodistillation, the analyses were carried out by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The SPME headspace volatiles were collected using a divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) fiber. The extraction conditions were optimized using a response surface experimental design to analyze the effect of three factors: extraction temperature, equilibrium time and extraction time. The best response was obtained when the extraction temperature was around 80 degrees C, equilibrium time near 25 min and extraction time close to 18 min. Analyses were performed by GC-MS with a 5% diphenyl-95% dimethyl polysiloxane (30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., film thickness 0.25 microm) capillary column using He as the carrier gas and a programmed temperature run. The main components of the HS-SPME samples of E. rutaecarpa (concentration >3.0%) were limonene (33.79%), beta-elemene (10.78%), linalool (8.15%), myrcene (5.83%), valencene (4.73%), beta-caryophyllene (4.62%), linalyl acetate (4.13%) and alpha-terpineol (3.99%). As for E. officinalis, the major compounds were myrcene (32.79%), limonene (18.36%), beta-caryophyllene (9.92%), trans-beta-ocimene (6.04%), linalool (5.88%), beta-elemene (7.85%) and valencene (4.62%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pellati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Stöckigt J, Sheludk Y, Unger M, Gerasimenko I, Warzecha H, Stöckigt D. High-performance liquid chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic and capillary electrophoretic-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of selected alkaloid groups. J Chromatogr A 2002; 967:85-113. [PMID: 12219932 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systems for efficient separation of selected alkaloid groups by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) are described. The optimized HPLC system was applied for the separation of 23 standard indole alkaloids as well as for qualitative and quantitative analyses of crude alkaloid extracts of Rauvolfia serpentina X Rhazya stricta hybrid cell cultures. The developed conditions for CE analysis proved to be efficient for separation of mixtures of standard indole and beta-carboline alkaloids. The described buffer system is also applicable in the combination of CE with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. This analytical technique allowed the separation and identification of components of standard indole alkaloid mixture as well as crude extracts of R. serpentina roots, R. serpentina cell suspension cultures and cortex of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco. The influence of buffer composition and analyte structures on separation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Stöckigt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
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TAKEI H, YOSHIZAKI F. Determination of flavanone glycosides in various peels of Citrus fruits, immature Citrus fruits and Chinese medicinal prescriptions containing these crude drugs by using capillary electrophoresis. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2000. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.49.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harumi TAKEI
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University,4-1,Komatsushima 4-chome,Aoba-ku,Sendai 981-8558
| | - Fumihiko YOSHIZAKI
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University,4-1,Komatsushima 4-chome,Aoba-ku,Sendai 981-8558
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Wang CY, Huang HY, Kuo KL, Hsieh YZ. Analysis of Puerariae radix and its medicinal preparations by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1998; 802:225-31. [PMID: 9588018 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a high-performance capillary electrophoresis (CE) method to analyze five constituents of Puerariae radix, an important crude herb used in Chinese medicine. Puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, genistein and biochanin A are the bioactive constituents of Puerariae radix. Herein, those analytes were successfully separated within 6 min using a pH 10.1 borax-NaOH buffer. The effects of pH value and concentration of the running buffer on the separation of the five analytes were also examined. The relative standard deviations of the analytes' migration times were less than 0.38% under the optimized separation conditions. Notably, the correlation coefficients of the analytes' linear calibration graphs exceeded 0.998. Moreover, the amounts of the five constituents in three different Puerariae radix samples were determined by the CE method with a relatively simple extraction procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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