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Grąz M, Ruminowicz-Stefaniuk M, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Oxalic acid degradation in wood-rotting fungi. Searching for a new source of oxalate oxidase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:13. [PMID: 36380124 PMCID: PMC9666339 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) is an oxalate-decomposing enzyme predominantly found in plants but also described in basidiomycete fungi. In this study, we investigated 23 fungi to determine their capability of oxalic acid degradation. After analyzing their secretomes for the products of the oxalic acid-degrading enzyme activity, three groups were distinguished among the fungi studied. The first group comprised nine fungi classified as oxalate oxidase producers, as their secretome pattern revealed an increase in the hydrogen peroxide concentration, no formic acid, and a reduction in the oxalic acid content. The second group of fungi comprised eight fungi described as oxalate decarboxylase producers characterized by an increase in the formic acid level associated with a decrease in the oxalate content in their secretomes. In the secretomes of the third group of six fungi, no increase in formic acid or hydrogen peroxide contents was observed but a decline in the oxalate level was found. The intracellular activity of OXO in the mycelia of Schizophyllum commune, Trametes hirsuta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Abortiporus biennis, Cerrena unicolor, Ceriosporopsis mediosetigera, Trametes sanguinea, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and Laetiporus sulphureus was confirmed by a spectrophotometric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grąz
- grid.29328.320000 0004 1937 1303Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Ruminowicz-Stefaniuk
- grid.29328.320000 0004 1937 1303Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- grid.29328.320000 0004 1937 1303Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Hata K, Nonaka N, Sato N, Kaneta T. Simultaneous separation of 17 anions by capillary electrophoresis with the addition of an organic solvent. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1317-1322. [PMID: 33724495 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen inorganic and organic anions, that normally are insufficiently separated via ion chromatography, were completely separated by the addition of an organic solvent to a solution of BGE combined with an adjustment of the apparent pH via CE in combination with indirect UV absorbance detection. Methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile were examined for their utility in manipulating the selective separation of anions. Methanol and acetonitrile were better modifiers than ethanol at enhancing the resolution of anions comigrating in an aqueous solution of BGE. Methanol was selected as the modifier that provided the largest separation window that could achieve a complete separation of the target analytes. Via the use of methanol, manipulation of the selectivity between inorganic anions and that between inorganic and organic anions was enhanced, but the separation between organic anions remained difficult when only methanol was used. By varying the apparent pH of the BGE in the presence of 10% v/v methanol, however, the separation selectivity between organic anions was substantially improved. Eventually, 7 inorganic and 10 organic anions were simultaneously separated using BGE at a pH of 6.3 in the presence of 10% v/v methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hata
- Inorganic Analysis Laboratories, Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Noriko Nonaka
- Inorganic Analysis Laboratories, Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sato
- Inorganic Analysis Laboratories, Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
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3
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Grąz M, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B, Janusz G, Kapral-Piotrowska J, Ruminowicz-Stefaniuk M, Skrzypek T, Zięba E. Oxalate oxidase from Abortiporus biennis - protein localisation and gene sequence analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:1307-1315. [PMID: 31739051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have described for the first time the localisation of oxalate oxidase (OXO, EC 1.2.3.4) in Abortiporus biennis cells, using histochemical and immunochemical methods coupled with transmission electron microscopy. Rabbit anti-oxalate oxidase immunoglobulins with anti-rabbit secondary antibody conjugated with 10-nm gold particles were used. Moreover, the formation of electron dense precipitation of reaction of diaminobenzidine (DAB) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for histochemical localisation of the enzyme was found. OXO was localised close to the membranous structures of the cell membranes, in membranous vesicles located close to the outer cell membrane, and vacuolar membranes surrounding vacuoles. The positive immunoreaction to OXO was also intense in cell wall areas. Moreover, we proved that gene coding for OXO was expressed in the same cultures. Corresponding mRNA was isolated, full length cDNA was synthesized, cloned and sequenced. Two copies of cupin domains were found in the sequence of amino-acids conserved domain coding for the cupin enzyme. Comparison of the genomic DNA and cDNA sequences has revealed the presence of seventeen introns in the gene. The isoelectric point of the protein was estimated at pH 4.5 and several possible N-glycosylation sites were predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland.
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Justyna Kapral-Piotrowska
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Confocal and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emil Zięba
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Confocal and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, Lublin, Poland
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4
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Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Wlizło K, Szałapata K, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Correlation between the production of exopolysaccharides and oxalic acid secretion by Ganoderma applanatum and Tyromyces palustris. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:3065-74. [PMID: 25178492 PMCID: PMC4210633 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The secretion of exopolysaccharides and oxalic acid in cultures of a white rot Ganoderma applanatum strain and a brown rot Tyromyces palustris strain were tested in terms of culture time, pH range, and temperature. The high yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) required a moderate temperature of 28 °C for G. applanatum and 20 °C for T. palustris. G. applanatum and T. palustris accumulated more EPS when the concentration of the carbon source (maltose for G. applanatum and fructose for T. palustris) was 30 g/L. The results indicate that the production of oxalic acid by G. applanatum is correlated with the initial pH value of the culture medium and the concentration of oxalic acid increased to 1.66 ± 0.2 mM at the initial pH of 6.5 during the fungal growth. During the growth of T. palustris, the reduction of the initial pH value of the growing medium lowered the oxalic acid concentration from 7.7 ± 0.6 mM at pH 6.0 to 1.99 ± 0.2 mM at pH 3.5. T. palustris accumulated considerably more oxalic acid than G. applanatum and its presence did not affect significantly the production of exopolysaccharides. We also observed that the maximum amounts of exopolysaccharides secreted during cultivation of G. applanatum and T. palustris were 45.8 ± 1.2 and 19.1 ± 1.2 g/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Street 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland,
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Jaszek M, Kos K, Matuszewska A, Grąz M, Stefaniuk D, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Prendecka M, Jóźwik E, Grzywnowicz K. Effective stimulation of the biotechnological potential of the medicinal white rot fungus: Phellinus pini by menadione-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:644-56. [PMID: 25086919 PMCID: PMC4149882 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of menadione (MQ; 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone), a superoxide-generating agent, on the natural biodegradation system in the medicinal white rot fungus Phellinus pini was determined. While measuring the activities of extracellular manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and intracellular chitinase, it was found that the application of MQ (0.75 mM) distinctly stimulated the activities of these enzymes in comparison to the control values (without MQ). Using the capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, an increase in the extracellular oxalic acid (OXA) concentration was detected during the first days after the addition of MQ. It was observed that the rate of intracellular proteolysis at pH 3.5 evidently decreased under oxidative stress conditions. Contrary to these results, the activities of serine proteases at pH 9.5 measured against fluorogenic peptide substrates distinctly increased in stressed cultures. The MQ treatment also caused an evident increase in the catalase (CAT) activity, as well as the levels of superoxide anion radicals (SORs), formaldehyde (FA), and phenolic compounds (PHC) in the experimental cultures. The results obtained confirm that prooxidants may find application as an effective way to stimulate biotechnological production of MnP and chitinase by white rot fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kos
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Matuszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Stefaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Prendecka
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University, 11 Radziwiłłowska Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Jóźwik
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzywnowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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6
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Amorisco A, Locaputo V, Pastore C, Mascolo G. Identification of low molecular weight organic acids by ion chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry during Uniblu-A ozonation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:187-99. [PMID: 23239333 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The balance of organic nitrogen and sulfur during ozonation of organic pollutants often shows a lack of complete mineralization. It follows that polar and ionic by-products are likely to be present that are difficult to identify by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). METHODS The structural elucidation of low molecular weight organic acids arising from Uniblu-OH ozonation has been investigated by ion chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (IC/ESI-MS/MS) employing a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Unequivocal elemental composition of the by-products was determined by a combination of mass accuracy and high spectral accuracy. RESULTS The employed identification strategy was demonstrated to be a powerful method of unequivocally assigning a single chemical composition to each identified compound. The exact mass measurements of [M-H](-) ions allowed the elemental formulae and related structures of eighteen by-products to be determined confidently. The main degradation pathways were found to be decarboxylation and oxidation. The experimental procedure allowed the identification of both nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organic acid by-products arising from Uniblu-OH ozonation. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results are of environmental relevance for the balance of organic nitrogen and sulfur during the ozonation of organic pollutants due to the lack of complete mineralization of the compounds containing these atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollonia Amorisco
- Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
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Grąz M, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Oxalic acid, versatile peroxidase secretion and chelating ability of Bjerkandera fumosa in rich and limited culture conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 27:1885-1891. [PMID: 21892253 PMCID: PMC3140919 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ligninolytic systems of wood-degrading fungi include not only oxidizing enzymes, but also low-molecular-weight effectors. The ability of Bjerkandera fumosa to secrete oxalic acid and versatile peroxidase (VP) in nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-limited media was studied. Higher activity of VP was determined in the nitrogen-limited media but greater concentration of oxalic acid was observed in the cultures of B. fumosa without nitrogen limitation. Ferric ions chelating ability of Bjerkandera fumosa studied in ferric ions limited media was correlated with the increased level of oxalic acid. The presence of hydroxamate-type siderophores in B. fumosa media were also detected. Oxalate decarboxylase was found to be responsible for regulation of oxalic acid concentration in the tested B. fumosa cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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8
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Jurado-Sánchez B, Ballesteros E, Gallego M. Determination of carboxylic acids in water by gas chromatography using several detectors after flow preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Determination of organic acids evolution during apple cider fermentation using an improved HPLC analysis method. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Law WS, Zhao JH, Hauser PC, Yau Li SF. Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for low molecular weight organic acids in different samples. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:3247-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Xu Y, Wang W, Li SFY. Simultaneous determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids and chlorinated acid herbicides in environmental water by a portable CE system with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1530-9. [PMID: 17427260 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a method to simultaneously determine 11 low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids and 16 chlorinated acid herbicides within a single run by a portable CE system with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-coated capillary. Under the optimized condition, the LODs of CE-CCD ranged from 0.056 to 0.270 ppm, which were better than for indirect UV (IUV) detection of the 11 LMW organic acids or UV detection of the 16 chlorinated acid herbicides. Combined with an on-line field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) procedure, sensitivity enhancement of 632- to 1078-fold was achieved, with satisfactory reproducibility (RSDs of migration times less than 2.2%, and RSDs of peak areas less than 5.1%). The FASS-CE-CCD method was successfully applied to determine the two groups of acidic pollutants in two kinds of environmental water samples. The portable CE-CCD system shows advantages such as simplicity, cost effectiveness, and miniaturization. Therefore, the method presented in this report has great potential for onsite analysis of various pollutants at the trace level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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12
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Whitaker G, Kincaid BJ, Raftery DP, Van Hoof N, Regan F, Smyth MR, Leonard RG. Potential of CE for the determination of inorganic and acidic anions in cyanoacrylate adhesives. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4532-7. [PMID: 17058309 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a CZE method with indirect UV detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the inorganic and acidic anions, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, formate, phosphate, diethylphosphate, methyl sulfonate, cyanoacetate, and methacrylate present in cyanoacrylate adhesives. Chromate was employed as the probe ion, and the EOF was reversed by incorporating CTAB into BGE. Detection limits of 0.7-4.6 microg/mL were obtained for all the anions studied. The CE method developed is a significant improvement on traditionally used chromatographic methods such as ion chromatography, as it resulted in shorter analysis times with enhanced separation efficiencies. This method was successfully employed for the analysis of inorganic and acidic anions in cyanoacrylate adhesive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Whitaker
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Graz M. Organic acids production by white rot Basidiomycetes in the presence of metallic oxides. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:779-85. [PMID: 16917537 DOI: 10.1139/w06-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to determine if selected fungal strains belonging to wood-rotting Basidiomycetes are able to grow on and to solubilize different insoluble oxides in solid media. Twenty-eight strains of white rot fungi were checked for their growth on oxide-amended media (ZnO, CaO, Cu2O). All strains displayed growth on Zn-amended plates but to a different extent, and Cu2O-amended plates turned out to be the most toxic oxide. Most of the tested strains solubilized oxalates and produced noticeable clear zones under the mycelium. These clear zones were tested for the presence of organic acids, the level of which was clearly elevated upon exposure of fungal strains to insoluble oxides. We determined the presence of oxalic, malic, and formic acids, with oxalic acid the predominant one.Key words: metal oxalates, oxalic acid, insoluble oxides, wood-rotting fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Skłodowska Square 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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14
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Gillette R, Doyle JM, Miller ML, Montgomery MA, Mushrush GW. Capillary electrophoresis screening of poisonous anions extracted from biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 831:190-5. [PMID: 16406748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for screening human biological samples for poisonous anions using capillary electrophoresis (CE) employing indirect UV detection. The run buffer consisted of 2.25 mM pyromellitic acid, 1.6 mM triethanolamine, 0.75 mM hexamethonium hydroxide and 6.5mM NaOH at pH 7.7. Biological samples were pretreated using solid phase extraction. The method was applied to the analysis of human blood, plasma, urine, and intestinal contents. Twenty-nine different anions were detectable at aqueous concentrations of 1 part per million (ppm) with a typical analysis time less than 20 min. Intraday migration time R.S.D. and peak area R.S.D. for blood samples were less than 1.1% and 6.3%, respectively. Interday migration time R.S.D. for plasma samples ranged from 7.5% to 10.4%. The new method produced efficient separations of various target anions extracted from complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gillette
- Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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15
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Galli V, García A, Saavedra L, Barbas C. Capillary electrophoresis for short-chain organic acids and inorganic anions in different samples. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:1951-1981. [PMID: 12858368 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review article is a comprehensive survey of capillary electrophoresis methods developed for the measurement of short-chain organic acids and inorganic anions in a wide variety of matrices, such as food and beverages, environmental, industry, and other applications, as well as clinical applications in body fluids such as urine, plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. Details of sample pretreatment and of electrophoretic conditions have been collected in tables, arranged by the type of matrix. Strategies employed for method development for the analysis of these compounds by capillary electrophoresis in real samples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Galli
- Facultad de CC. Experimentales y dela Salud, Urbanización Montepríncipe, E-28668 Boadilla del Monte (Madrid), Spain
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16
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Li YH, Huang BX, Shan XQ. Determination of low molecular weight organic acids in soil, plants, and water by capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 375:775-80. [PMID: 12664177 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2002] [Revised: 12/20/2002] [Accepted: 01/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Determination of low molecular weight organic acids in soils and plants by capillary zone electrophoresis was accomplished using a phthalate buffer and indirect UV detection mode. The influence of some crucial parameters, such as pH, buffer concentration and surfactant were investigated. A good separation of seven organic acids was achieved within 5 min using an electrolyte containing 15 mmol L(-1) potassium hydrogen phthalate, 0.5 mmol L(-1) myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB), and 5% methanol (MeOH) (v/v) at pH 5.60, separation voltage -20 kV, and temperature 25 degrees C. The relative standard deviation (n=5) of the method was found to be in range 0.18-0.56% for migration time and 3.2-4.8% for peak area. The limit of detection ranged between 0.5 micro mol L(-1) to 6 micro mol L(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The recovery of standard organic acids added to real samples ranged from 87 to 119%. This method was simple, rapid and reproducible, and could be applied to the simultaneous determination of organic acids in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P.R. China
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17
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Determination of organic acids by capillary electrophoresis with simultaneous addition of Ca and Mg as complexing agents. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Izco JM, Tormo M, Jiménez-Flores R. Rapid simultaneous determination of organic acids, free amino acids, and lactose in cheese by capillary electrophoresis. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:2122-9. [PMID: 12362443 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the simultaneous separation of 11 metabolically important organic acids (oxalic, formic, citric, succinic, orotic, uric, acetic, pyruvic, propionic, lactic, and butyric), 10 amino acids (Asp, Glu, Tyr, Gly, Ala, Ser, Leu, Phe, Lys, and Trp), and lactose has been optimized, validated, and tested in dairy products. Repeatability and linearity were calculated for each compound, with detection limit values as low as 0.2 x 10(-2) mM for citric acid and Gly. The method was applied to analyze yogurt and different varieties of commercial cheeses. This method yielded specific CE patterns for different varieties of cheese. Also, it has been shown to be sensitive enough to measure small changes in composition of some of those compounds in fresh cheese stored under accelerated ripening conditions for 2 d at 32 degrees C (e.g., from 1728.3 +/- 45.0 to 1166.7 +/- 4.5 mg/100 g of DM in the case of lactose, or from 23.5 +/- 0.6 to 76.8 +/- 16.7 mg/100 g of DM in the case of acetic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Izco
- Dairy Products Technology Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
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19
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Izco JM, Tormo M, Jiménez-Flores R. Development of a CE method to analyze organic acids in dairy products: application to study the metabolism of heat-shocked spores. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:1765-1773. [PMID: 11902910 DOI: 10.1021/jf010929i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids are relevant in dairy products for nutritional reasons and because they contribute to the flavor and aroma. They are the major products of carbohydrate catabolism of lactic acid bacteria and nonstarter bacteria associated with milk. In several research and quality programs, it is very important to develop a rapid and sensitive method for their quantitative determination in dairy products to monitor bacterial growth and activity. A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of oxalic, citric, formic, succinic, orotic, uric, pyruvic, acetic, propionic, lactic, and butyric acid in less than 18 min has been developed. Various parameters affecting analysis, including capillary length, type, composition, and pH of the electrolyte have been optimized. Some alternatives are given to improve the separation of particular organic acids of special interest. Its application to analyze the quality of some dairy products has been investigated. In addition, the suitability of the technique to determine profiles of organic acids generated during the metabolism of heat-shocked spores has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Izco
- Dairy Products Technology Center, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA.
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20
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Butler-Roberts E, Eash DT. DETERMINATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN WATER-SOLUBLE POLYACRYLATES BY MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS WITH INDIRECT DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Butler-Roberts
- a Lyondell Chemical Company, Analytical Services , 3801 West Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA, 19073, U.S.A
| | - Donna T. Eash
- b Lyondell Chemical Company, Analytical Services , 3801 West Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA, 19073, U.S.A
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21
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Abstract
Phthalate buffers are currently used in capillary electrophoresis as robust electrolyte systems for indirect detection. This contribution demonstrates that these buffers show regularly not only successful regions of mobilities of analytes (sample window) but also regions of failure where the migration of analytes is strongly deteriorated due to the presence of a system zone. System zones in phthalate buffers may be easily detected by UV detection and manifest themselves as peaks or dips. Peak shape diagrams are advantageously used for the prediction of the migration behavior of system zones in phthalate background electrolyte (BGE) systems at various pH. It is shown that the mobility of the system zone varies strongly with pH, is practically zero at pH values below 4 and above 7, and shows a maximum at pH 5. Thus, the system peak may coincide either with the peaks of various analytes or with the electroosmotic flow (EOF) peak. Experiments are given showing the effects of such coincidences as, e.g., zigzag detection patterns, double EOF peaks, and/or unusually broad peaks/dips. The message of this contribution is to show how to understand the electrophoretic properties of phthalate BGEs that, regardless of possible failure regions, may be successfully used in the analytical practice of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bocek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno.
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22
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Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Piechowski M, McGrath M, Lai EP. Determination of low-molecular-mass carboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosol and vehicle emission samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 910:331-45. [PMID: 11261728 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method is developed for the determination of a large number of airborne and vehicle-emitted low-molecular-mass mono- and dicarboxylic acids using capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. A background electrolyte (BGE) consisting of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and tetradecylmethylammonium bromide, adjusted to pH 6.2 with 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol, is employed. Separations are robust using the buffered BGE, proper rinse steps, and constant current mode with migration time variations less than 3% RSD on a day-to-day basis, using different capillaries and performed by different analysts. Detection limits are at the tens of microg/l level using pressure injection. A comparison of the CE method with ion chromatography is also made.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dabek-Zlotorzynska
- Analysis and Air Quality Division, Environmental Technology Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
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23
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Hawari J, Halasz A, Beaudet S, Paquet L, Ampleman G, Thiboutot S. Biotransformation routes of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine by municipal anaerobic sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:70-75. [PMID: 11352028 DOI: 10.1021/es0013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently we demonstrated that hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), a trimer of methylene nitramine (CH2=N-NO2) undergoes spontaneous decomposition following an initial microbial attack using a mixed microbial culture at pH 7 in the presence of glucose as carbon source. The present study describes whether the second cyclic nitramine octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), a more strained tetramer of CH2=N-NO2, degrades similarly using sludge of the same source. Part of HMX biotransformed to give products that are tentatively identified as the nitroso derivatives octahydro-1-nitroso-3,5,7-trinitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (mNs-HMX) and octahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine and its isomer octahydro-1,5-dinitroso-3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (dNs-HMX). Another fraction of HMX biotransformed, apparently via ring cleavage, to produce products that are tentatively identified as methylenedinitramine (O2NNHCH2-NHNO2) and bis(hydroxymethyl)nitramine ((HOCH2)2NNO2). None of the above intermediates accumulated indefinitely; they disappeared to predominantly form nitrous oxide (N2O) and formaldehyde (HCHO). Formaldehyde biotransformed further to eventually produce carbon dioxide (14CO2). Nitrous oxide persisted in HMX microcosms containing glucose but denitrified rapidly to nitrogen in the absence of glucose. The presence of nitrous oxide was accompanied by the presence of appreciable amounts of hydrogen sulfide, a known inhibitor of denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hawari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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24
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Castiñeira A, Peña RM, Herrero C, García-Martín S. Simultaneous Determination of Organic Acids in Wine Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis and UV Detection: Optimization with Five Different Background Electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4168(20001101)23:11<647::aid-jhrc647>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Hawari J, Halasz A, Sheremata T, Beaudet S, Groom C, Paquet L, Rhofir C, Ampleman G, Thiboutot S. Characterization of metabolites during biodegradation of hexahydro-1, 3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with municipal anaerobic sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:2652-7. [PMID: 10831452 PMCID: PMC110595 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.6.2652-2657.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in liquid cultures with municipal anaerobic sludge showed that at least two degradation routes were involved in the disappearance of the cyclic nitramine. In one route, RDX was reduced to give the familiar nitroso derivatives hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3, 5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX). In the second route, two novel metabolites, methylenedinitramine [(O(2)NNH)(2)CH(2)] and bis(hydroxymethyl)nitramine [(HOCH(2))(2)NNO(2)], formed and were presumed to be ring cleavage products produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the inner C---N bonds of RDX. None of the above metabolites accumulated in the system, and they disappeared to produce nitrous oxide (N(2)O) as a nitrogen-containing end product and formaldehyde (HCHO), methanol (MeOH), and formic acid (HCOOH) that in turn disappeared to produce CH(4) and CO(2) as carbon-containing end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hawari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2.
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26
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Kennedy RT, German I, Thompson JE, Witowski SR. Fast analytical-scale separations by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. Chem Rev 1999; 99:3081-132. [PMID: 11749511 DOI: 10.1021/cr980134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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27
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has a unique capability for separation of analytes of environmental concern, particularly those that are more polar and ionic, based on the complementary separation principle of electrophoresis. In the past few years, CE has been selectively used to analyze various classes of compounds having current or potential environmental relevance. This review outlines the current status of CE for the determination of environmental pollutants, based predominantly on research results published from the beginning of 1997 to early 1999. Covered are environmental pollutants of all types except pesticides and inorganics. Certain naturally produced toxins are also covered because of their significant impacts upon human health and the environment. CE methods, as with all methods, must be judged on their ability to provide approaches that are reliable, sensitive, selective, and rapid, while meeting "green chemistry" initiatives for pollution prevention. We also compare CE methods to benchmark environmental techniques involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Sovocool
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA.
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28
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Chen WH, Liu CY. Macrocyclic polyamine as a selective modifier in a bonded-phase capillary column for the electrophoretic separation of aromatic acids. J Chromatogr A 1999; 848:401-16. [PMID: 10427762 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of a macrocyclic polyamine, 28[ane]-N6O2, as a selective modifier in a bonded-phase capillary column for the electrophoretic separation of 14 aromatic acids is described. Parameters that affect the performance of the separations, such as the type of buffer, the pH and concentration of buffer, the applied potential and the injection mode were studied. By changing the buffer pH (4.0-5.0), buffer concentration (10-50 mM) and applied potential (-10 approximately -20 kV), optimum conditions were obtained at -20 kV, using an acetate buffer (20 mM, pH 4.5), hydrodynamic injection with a vacuum at the buffer reservoir on the detector side and detection at 220 nm. The results showed that the separation was effective under these conditions. The plate number was greater than 4 x 10(4) m-l. Due to the wide variation in the mobilities of the test compounds, injection studies suggested that a vacuum at the buffer reservoir on the detector side would produce a result that is more representative of the initial sample composition. Benzoic acid in soy sauce, salicylic acid in Salic ointment and Aspirin were sampled and analyzed using the established conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Chen Z, Tang C, Yu JC. Simultaneous Determination of Inorganic Anions and Organic Acids in Environmental Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Indirect UV Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990701)22:7<379::aid-jhrc379>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Craston D, Saeed M. Analysis of carboxylic and related acids in the environment by capillary electrophoretic techniques. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Bruzzoniti MC, Mentasti E, Sarzanini C. Carboxylic acids: prediction of retention data from chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviours. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 717:3-25. [PMID: 9832237 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A review of the main results reached in the prediction of retention data of carboxylic acids, inferred by their chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour, is presented. Attention has been focused on the main separation methods used in carboxylic acids analysis, that is ion-exclusion, anion-exchange, reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Papers proposing mechanistic models as well as chemometric and multilayer feed-forward neural network analysis of ion chromatography (IC) and RP chromatographic retention data were reviewed. Principal component analysis, PCA, sequential simplex method and simultaneous modelling of response surfaces through simple nonlinear models (not related to equilibria involved in retention) have been considered. Computer simulations for the prediction of retention data have also been discussed. A quick overlook on the prediction of capacity factors of analytes by less common determination methods such as thin-layer, gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography has also been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bruzzoniti
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Turin, Italy
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