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Othman RS, Faizullah AT. On-line monitoring amplification of bromate in bottled ozonated water by flow injection analysis and spectrophotometry. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McCarthy WP, O'Callaghan TF, Danahar M, Gleeson D, O'Connor C, Fenelon MA, Tobin JT. Chlorate and Other Oxychlorine Contaminants Within the Dairy Supply Chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1561-1575. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William P. McCarthy
- Food Chemistry & Technology Dept.; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark; Fermoy, Co. Cork Cork Ireland
- Dublin Inst. of Technology; Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1 Dublin Ireland
| | - Tom F. O'Callaghan
- Food Chemistry & Technology Dept.; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark; Fermoy, Co. Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Martin Danahar
- Food Safety Dept.; Ashtown Food Research Centre; Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15 Dublin Ireland
| | - David Gleeson
- Teagasc; Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark; Fermoy Co. Cork, Cork Ireland
| | - Christine O'Connor
- Dublin Inst. of Technology; Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1 Dublin Ireland
| | - Mark A. Fenelon
- Food Chemistry & Technology Dept.; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark; Fermoy, Co. Cork Cork Ireland
| | - John T. Tobin
- Food Chemistry & Technology Dept.; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark; Fermoy, Co. Cork Cork Ireland
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Ion chromatography-mass spectrometry: A review of recent technologies and applications in forensic and environmental explosives analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 806:27-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Smith DJ, Taylor JB. Chlorate analyses in matrices of animal origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1598-1606. [PMID: 21299218 DOI: 10.1021/jf1044684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sodium chlorate is being developed as a potential food-safety tool for use in the livestock industry because of its effectiveness in decreasing concentrations of certain Gram-negative pathogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals. A number of studies with sodium chlorate in animals have demonstrated that concentrations of chlorate in meat, milk, wastes, and gastrointestinal contents range from parts per billion to parts per thousand, depending upon chlorate dose, matrix, and time lapse after dosing. Although a number of analytical methods exist for chlorate salts, very few were developed for use in animal-derived matrices, and none have anticipated the range of chlorate concentrations that have been observed in animal wastes and products. To meet the analytical needs of this development work, LC-MS, ion chromatographic, and colorimetric methods were developed to measure chlorate residues in a variety of matrices. The LC-MS method utilizes a Cl(18)O(3)(-) internal standard, is applicable to a variety of matrices, and provides quantitative assessment of samples from 0.050 to 2.5 ppm. Due to ion suppression, matrix-matched standard curves are appropriate when using LC-MS to measure chlorate in animal-derived matrices. A colorimetric assay based on the acid-catalyzed oxidation of o-tolidine proved valuable for measuring ≥20 ppm quantities of chlorate in blood serum and milk, but not urine, samples. Ion chromatography was useful for measuring chlorate residues in urine and in feces when chlorate concentrations exceeded 100 ppm, but no effort was made to maximize ion chromatographic sensitivity. Collectively, these methods offer the utility of measuring chlorate in a variety of animal-derived matrices over a wide range of chlorate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Smith
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States.
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KOSAKA K, ASAMI M, TAKEI K, AKIBA M. Analysis of Bromate in Drinking Water Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry without Sample Pretreatment. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:1091-5. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji KOSAKA
- Water Management Section, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health
| | - Mari ASAMI
- Water Management Section, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health
| | - Kanako TAKEI
- Water Management Section, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health
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Michalski R, Lyko A. Determination of bromate in water samples using post column derivatization method with triiodide. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:1275-1280. [PMID: 20635295 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2010.493821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of the method of post-column derivatization with triiodide and UV detection at 352 nm for the determination of bromate in drinking water, mineral water and swimming pool water samples. Optimized analytical conditions were further validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The method detection limit was at the level of 0.4 μg/L, and the spiked recovery for bromate was in the range of 92% - 104%. The method did not need a special sample treatment and was successfully applied to the analysis of bromate at the required value that is below 2.5 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmund Michalski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland.
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Determination of low-molecular-mass aliphatic carboxylic acids and inorganic anions from kraft black liquors by ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Michalski R. Ion Chromatography as a Reference Method for Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water and Wastewater. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340600713678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajmund Michalski
- a Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Science , Zabrze, Poland
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Cavalli S, Polesello S, Valsecchi S. Chloride interference in the determination of bromate in drinking water by reagent free ion chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1085:42-6. [PMID: 16106846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bromate, a well known by-product of the ozonation of drinking water, has been included among the substances which have to be monitored in the drinking water according to the last EC Directive 251/98 on potable water with a regulated limit of 10 microg l(-1). The need of performing routine analysis at this limit is a driving force for the developing of new simple and sensitive methods of detection, which should be also able to overcome the effect of matrix composition. This work explored the use of mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionisation hyphenated to a reagent free ion chromatograph with hydroxide gradient elution for the determination of bromate in drinking water. The use of a high capacity hydroxide selective column operated in gradient mode allowed to avoid the interference by carbonate peak, which moved to longer retention times. The effect of increasing chloride concentrations from 0 to 250 mg l(-1), which is the guideline limit for drinking water in Directive 251/98/EC, was to decrease absolute mass spectrometric response and chromatographic efficiency and, on the consequence, to increase the effective detection limits. The effect of the chloride concentration on the detection of bromate is discussed.
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Butler R, Lytton L, Godley AR, Tothill IE, Cartmell E. Bromate analysis in groundwater and wastewater samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:999-1006. [PMID: 16193172 DOI: 10.1039/b505833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bromate (BrO(3)(-)) is a disinfection by-product formed during ozonation of potable water supplies containing bromide (Br(-)). Bromate has been classed by the World Health Organisation as a 'possible human carcinogen', leading to implementation of 10-25 microg L(-1)(as BrO(3)(-)) drinking water limits in legislative areas including the United States and European Union. Techniques have been developed for bromate analysis at and below regulatory limits, with Ion Chromatography (IC) coupled with conductivity detection (IC-CD), post-column reaction and ultra-violet (UV) detection (IC-PCR), or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry detection (IC-ICPMS) in widespread use. The recent discovery of bromate groundwater contamination in a UK aquifer has led to a requirement for analysis of bromate in a groundwater matrix, for environmental monitoring and development of remediation strategies. The possibility of bromate-contaminated water discharge into sewage treatment processes, whether accidental or as a pump-and-treat strategy, also required bromate analysis of wastewater sources. This paper summarises techniques currently available for trace bromate analysis in potable water systems and details studies to identify a methodology for routine analysis of groundwater and wastewater samples. Strategies compared were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with direct UV or PCR/UV detection, IC-CD, IC-PCR, and a simple spectrophotometric technique. IC-CD was the most cost-effective solution for simultaneous analysis of bromate and bromide within groundwater samples, having a 5 microg L(-1) detection limit of both anions with limited interference from closely-eluting species. Wastewater samples were successfully analysed for bromate only using HPLC with PCR/UV detection, with detection limits below 20 microg L(-1)(as BrO(3)(-)) and low interference. HPLC with direct UV detection was unsuitable for bromate analysis within the concentration range 50-5000 microg L(-1) which was required for this project, but column choice was shown to be a major factor in determining limits of detection. Spectrophotometry could not reproducibly determine bromate concentration, although the technique showed promise as a quick field method for high-level groundwater bromate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Butler
- School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
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Paull B, Nesterenko PN. Novel ion chromatographic stationary phases for the analysis of complex matrices. Analyst 2004; 130:134-46. [PMID: 15665965 DOI: 10.1039/b406355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion chromatography (IC) has a proven track record in the determination of inorganic and organic anions and cations in complex matrices. Recently, application of IC to the separation and determination of bio-molecules such as amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, proteins and peptides has also received much attention. The key to the determination of all of the above species in the most analytically challenging complex matrices is the ability to manipulate selectivity through control of stationary phase chemistry, mobile phase chemistry and the choice of detection method. This Tutorial Review summarises some of the most significant recent advances made in IC stationary phase technology. In particular, the review details stationary phases specifically designed for ion analysis in complex sample matrices, and considers in which direction future stationary phase development might proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Paull
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Pezzatini G, Midili I, Toti G, Loglio F, Innocenti M. Determination of chlorite in drinking water by differential pulse voltammetry on graphite. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 380:650-7. [PMID: 15322790 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The chlorite ion is an unavoidable by-product of the disinfection of drinking water by means of chlorine dioxide. The maximum concentration values of chlorite accepted in many countries' regulations range from 0.2 to 1.0 mg L(-1). A simple, inexpensive and quickly set up voltammetric procedure for the on-site determination of chlorite in drinking water networks is described. This procedure is suitable for the whole range of applications in drinking water plants. A useful cell for on-field analysis has been developed. Surface morphology and behaviour of carbon-based working electrodes have been investigated by voltammetry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Actual samples of different types of water networks have been analysed for chlorite concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pezzatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Rosenberg E. The potential of organic (electrospray- and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation) mass spectrometric techniques coupled to liquid-phase separation for speciation analysis. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1000:841-89. [PMID: 12877203 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry based on atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques (atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, APCI, and electrospray ionisation, ESI) for speciation analysis is reviewed with emphasis on the literature published in and after 1999. This report accounts for the increasing interest that atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques, and in particular ESI, have found in the past years for qualitative and quantitative speciation analysis. In contrast to element-selective detectors, organic mass spectrometric techniques provide information on the intact metal species which can be used for the identification of unknown species (particularly with MS-MS detection) or the confirmation of the actual presence of species in a given sample. Due to the complexity of real samples, it is inevitable in all but the simplest cases to couple atmospheric pressure MS detection to a separation technique. Separation in the liquid phase (capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography in reversed phase, ion chromatographic or size-exclusion mode) is particularly suitable since the available techniques cover a very wide range of analyte polarities and molecular mass. Moreover, derivatisation can normally be avoided in liquid-phase separation. Particularly in complex environmental or biological samples, separation in one dimension is not sufficient for obtaining adequate resolution for all relevant species. In this case, multi-dimensional separation, based on orthogonal separation techniques, has proven successful. ESI-MS is also often used in parallel with inductively coupled plasma MS detection. This review is structured in two parts. In the first, the fundamentals of atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques are briefly reviewed. The second part of the review discusses recent applications including redox species, use of ESI-MS for structural elucidation of metal complexes, characterisation and quantification of small organometallic species with relevance to environment, health and food. Particular attention is given to the characterisation of biomolecules and metalloproteins (metallothioneins and phytochelatins) and to the investigation of the interaction of metals and biomolecules. Particularly in the latter field, ESI-MS is the ideal technique due to the softness of the ionisation process which allows to assume that the detected gas-phase ions are a true representation of the ions or ion-biomolecule complexes prevalent in solution. It is particularly this field, important to biochemistry, physiology and medical chemistry, where we can expect significant developments also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Rosenberg
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 91164 AC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Le Bail JC, Lotfi H, Charles L, Pépin D, Habrioux G. Conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate at physiological plasma concentration into estrogens in MCF-7 cells. Steroids 2002; 67:1057-64. [PMID: 12441191 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEAS), and androstene-3,17-dione (delta(4)) was performed at their physiological plasma concentrations in MCF-7 cell cultures (1 microM, 10 and 2 nM, respectively). Final metabolic products of these steroids were separated by HPLC-radioactive flow detection and identified by LC/MS or MS/MS. Typical and specific mass fragmentation spectra identified the presence of estrone (E(1)), 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), delta(4), DHEA, 5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol (delta(5)), and testosterone as principal DHEAS metabolites. Other steroids, such as androstenedione, androsterone, and DHEA fatty acid esters at very low concentrations (from pM to nM), were also obtained after steroid incubation. This highly specific method allowed us to conclude whether a metabolite and enzymatic activity of interest were present in MCF-7 cells or not. We also showed that DHEAS at its physiological plasma concentration may be converted into estrogens and estrogen-like compounds in breast cancer cells. The estrogenic action of DHEAS on breast cancer cells was also measured by bioluminescence in a stably transfected human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line with a reporter gene that allowed expression of the firefly luciferase enzyme under the control of an estrogen regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Le Bail
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, University of Pharmacy of Limoges, UPRES EA 1085, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, Limoges 87025 Cedex, France
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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Seuber A, Schminke G, Nowak M, Ahrer W, Buchberger W. Comparison of on-line coupling of ion-chromatography with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry and with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as tools for the ultra-trace analysis of bromate in surface water samples. J Chromatogr A 2000; 884:191-9. [PMID: 10917438 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion chromatography in combination with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) as well as with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) had been compared for trace analysis of bromate. The results indicate that both techniques yield comparable results, which are in excellent agreement with standard methods for bromate determination. Furthermore, both techniques showed almost equal absolute detection limits (approximately 50 pg bromate injected). Contrary to IC-API-MS, IC-ICP-MS can tolerate a higher salt concentration in the mobile phase. This allows the use of high-capacity columns combined with large sample volumes. This lowered the concentration based detection limits by one order of magnitude for IC-ICP-MS compared to IC-API-MS (0.06 microg/l vs. 0.5 microg/l). On the other hand, IC-API-MS is able to allow a positive identification of bromate even in cases when IC does not fully separate bromate from other bromine-containing species. The performance data of both IC-MS techniques have been established by participation in an international round robin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
The time period covered for this review includes articles published from 1997 to 1999, with the addition of a few classic references. The purpose of the review is to include the most relevant works from each topic area of the determination of inorganic anions by ion chromatography, including new sample pretreatments, new separation methods, new detection systems and the latest applications in the field of environmental, water, foods, etc. samples. Experimental conditions such as stationary phase, eluent, detection mode, as well as matrix are summarized in a table.
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Affiliation(s)
- B López-Ruiz
- Sección Departamental Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Chapter 12 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(00)80022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Clement
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Canada
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Sádecká J, Polonský J. Determination of inorganic ions in food and beverages by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1999; 834:401-17. [PMID: 10189696 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A review of the applications of electrophoresis to the determination of inorganic anions (sulphate, sulphite, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and halides) and inorganic cations (ammonium, alkali and alkaline metals and trace elements) in food and beverages is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sádecká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak Technical University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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