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Beraza E, Serrano-Civantos M, Izco M, Alvarez-Erviti L, Gonzalez-Peñas E, Vettorazzi A. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Method for Ochratoxin A Quantification in Small Mice Sample Volumes: Versatile Application across Diverse Matrices Relevant for Neurodegeneration Research. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:213. [PMID: 38787065 PMCID: PMC11125890 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in various food products, which poses potential health risks to humans and animals. Recently, more attention has been directed towards its potential neurodegenerative effects. However, there are currently no fully validated HPLC analytical methods established for its quantification in mice, the primary animal model in this field, that include pivotal tissues in this area of research, such as the intestine and brain. To address this gap, we developed and validated a highly sensitive, rapid, and simple method using HPLC-FLD for OTA determination in mice tissues (kidney, liver, brain, and intestine) as well as plasma samples. The method was rigorously validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, dilution integrity, carry-over effect, stability, and robustness, meeting the validation criteria outlined by FDA and EMA guidelines. Furthermore, the described method enables the quantification of OTA in each individual sample using minimal tissue mass while maintaining excellent recovery values. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in a repeated low-dose OTA study in Balb/c mice, which, together with the inclusion of relevant and less common tissues in the validation process, underscore its suitability for neurodegeneration-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Beraza
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.S.-C.); (E.G.-P.)
| | - Maria Serrano-Civantos
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.S.-C.); (E.G.-P.)
| | - Maria Izco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.I.); (L.A.-E.)
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.I.); (L.A.-E.)
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Peñas
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.S.-C.); (E.G.-P.)
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.S.-C.); (E.G.-P.)
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Su BD, Li XM, Huang ZW, Wang Y, Shao J, Xu YY, Shu LX, Li YB. Development and application of the physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for ochratoxin A (OTA) in rats and humans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116277. [PMID: 38604061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common fungal toxin frequently detected in food and human plasma samples. Currently, the physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model plays an active role in dose translation and can improve and enhance the risk assessment of toxins. In this study, the PBTK model of OTA in rats and humans was established based on knowledge of OTA-specific absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) in order to better explain the disposition of OTA in humans and the discrepancies with other species. The models were calibrated and optimized using the available kinetic and toxicokinetic (TK) data, and independent test datasets were used for model evaluation. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses and population simulations were performed to characterize the extent to which variations in physiological and specific chemical parameters affected the model output. Finally, the constructed models were used for dose extrapolation of OTA, including the rat-to-human dose adjustment factor (DAF) and the human exposure conversion factor (ECF). The results showed that the unbound fraction (Fup) of OTA in plasma of rat and human was 0.02-0.04% and 0.13-4.21%, respectively. In vitro experiments, the maximum enzyme velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of OTA in rat and human liver microsomes were 3.86 and 78.17 μg/g min-1, 0.46 and 4.108 μg/mL, respectively. The predicted results of the model were in good agreement with the observed data, and the models in rats and humans were verified. The PBTK model derived a DAF of 0.1081 between rats and humans, whereas the ECF was 2.03. The established PBTK model can be used to estimate short- or long-term OTA exposure levels in rats and humans, with the capacity for dose translation of OTA to provide the underlying data for risk assessment of OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Da Su
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Huang
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Le-Xin Shu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yu-Bo Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Lee HJ, Kim HD, Ryu D. Practical Strategies to Reduce Ochratoxin A in Foods. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:58. [PMID: 38276534 PMCID: PMC10819544 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent nephrotoxin, is one of the most deleterious mycotoxins, with its prevalence in agricultural crops and their processed foods around the world. OTA is a major concern to food safety, as OTA exposure through dietary intake may lead to a significant level of accumulation in the body as a result of its long half-life (about 35 days). Its potent renal toxicity and high risk of exposure as well as the difficulty in controlling environmental factors OTA production has prompted the need for timely information on practical strategies for the food industry to effectively manage OTA contamination during food processing. The effects of various food processes, including both nonthermal and thermal methods, on the reduction in OTA were summarized in this review, with emphasis on the toxicity of residual OTA as well as its known and unknown degradation products. Since complete removal of OTA from foodstuffs is not feasible, additional strategies that may facilitate the reduction in OTA in food, such as adding baking soda and sugars, was also discussed, so that the industry may understand and apply practical measures to ensure the safety of its products destined for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Hae Dun Kim
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Dojin Ryu
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Establishment and application of a screening method for 354 organic toxicants in blood and urine with high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:493-507. [PMID: 36422665 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous screening of 354 organic poisons and metabolites in blood and urine, including drugs, medications, pesticides, rodenticides, veterinary drugs, alkaloids, and mycotoxins with a multi-toxicant chromatography-mass spectrometry information library. The method and library showed good prospects in clinical poisoning screening and forensic toxicological identification. Blood and urine samples were extracted successively with ethyl acetate in acidic and alkaline conditions; then, the extract was blown to nearly dry by nitrogen gas and redissolved with methanol-aqueous solution (v:v, 50:50), and the dissolved solution was analyzed by LC-MS/MS after filtering. Precursor ions' m/z was set for identification, retention time, fragment ions, and isotopic pattern which were used for confirmation. No interference peaks were found in the blank samples, showing good specificity. The LODs of toxicants in urine and blood were 1.00×10-3-50.0 ng/mL and 2.07×10-3-50.0 ng/mL, respectively, while the LOQs were 3.30×10-3-1.67×102 ng/mL and 6.91×10-3-1.67×102 ng/mL. The intra-day precision and inter-day precision of urine samples were 2.31-9.13% and 4.75-12.3%, respectively, which were 1.92-10.8% and 2.01-12.1% in blood samples. The established method was applied to analyze 9 cases of clinical poisoning patients, and bromadiolone, carbofuran, and amanitins were detected, respectively. A total of 382 biospecimens from drug abusers were analyzed with the proposed method, which indicated that some drugs were detected in 62 cases, mainly including methamphetamine, heroin, and MDMA. The results were consistent with the information from traditional liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
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Zhu M, Yang W, Zhi H, Huangfu C, Zhang X, Feng L. A sensitive biosensor for ochratoxin A detection based on triple-helix aptaswitch and bioorthogonal capture enabled signal amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1228:340334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Carbon H, Lee H. Varied reduction of ochratoxin A in brown and white rice during roasting. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a possible human carcinogen commonly found in various agricultural commodities worldwide. While this potent nephrotoxin tends to survive common food processes and contaminate food products, certain process with higher temperature treatments may reduce OTA contents. Roasting has been suggested as a possible method to reduce OTA in coffee beans with up to 90% reduction, which may be applied to other food commodities. In this study, the possible influence of fibres on the reduction of OTA was investigated with brown and white rice with 2.2 and 6.7% of total dietary fibre content, respectively, roasting at two different temperatures (160 and 200 °C) for up to 30 min. The results showed that the rate and extent of OTA reduction were dependent on time, temperature, and rice type; greater than 60% of OTA reduction were achieved at 200 °C for 30 min for white rice and 37% for brown rice at the same conditions. No significant differences in reduction were observed between the samples roasted at 160 °C for 30 min and 200 °C for 15 min for both the white and brown rice, while white rice roasted at 160 °C for 15 min during roasting may be affected by the presence of fibre and/or fat in the cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.N. Carbon
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2330, Moscow, ID 83844-2330, USA
| | - H.J. Lee
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2330, Moscow, ID 83844-2330, USA
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He K, Sun L, Wang L, Li W, Hu G, Ji X, Zhang Y, Xu X. Engineering DNA G-quadruplex assembly for label-free detection of Ochratoxin A in colorimetric and fluorescent dual modes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126962. [PMID: 34464866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric and fluorescent methods for Ochratoxin A (OTA) detection are convenient and well received. However, the pigments and autofluorescence originated from food matrices often interfere with detection signals. We have developed a strategy with colorimetric and fluorescent dual modes to solve this challenge. In the colorimetric mode, OTA aptamer (AP9) was assembled into a DNA triple-helix switch with a specially designed signal-amplifying sequence. The OTA-induced G-quadruplex (G4) of AP9 would open the switch and release the signal-amplifying sequence for colorimetric signal amplification. The G4 structures of AP9 were further utilized to combine with the fluorogenic dye ThT for fluorescent mode. By skillfully engineering DNA G4 assembly for signal amplification, there was no need for any DNA amplification or nanomaterials labeling. Detections could be carried out in a wide temperature range (22-37 ℃) and finished rapidly (colorimetric mode, 60 min; fluorescent mode, 15 min). Broad linear ranges (colorimetric mode, 10-1.5 ×103 μg/kg; fluorescent mode, 0.05-1.0 ×103 μg/kg) were achieved. The limit of detection for colorimetric and fluorescent modes were 4 μg/kg and 0.01 μg/kg, respectively. The two modes have been successfully applied to detect OTA in samples with intrinsic pigments and autofluorescence, showing their applicability and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liping Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wang Li
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Guixian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Xiahong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Biosensors for Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Determination in Feed Quality Control. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070499. [PMID: 34357971 PMCID: PMC8310349 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of cereals used for feed can cause intoxication, especially in farm animals; therefore, efficient analytical tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic fungal metabolites in feed are required. Current trends in food/feed analysis are focusing on the application of biosensor technologies that offer fast and highly selective and sensitive detection with minimal sample treatment and reagents required. The article presents an overview of the recent progress of the development of biosensors for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone determination in cereals and feed. Novel biosensitive materials and highly sensitive detection methods applied for the sensors and the application of these sensors to food/feed products, the limit, and the time of detection are discussed.
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Alizadeh N, Hashemi J, Shahdost-Fard F. Spectrofluorimetric study of the complexation of ochratoxin A and Cu 2+: Towards the hybrid fluorimetric sensor and visual detection of ochratoxin A in wheat flour samples from farm to fork. Food Chem 2021; 350:129204. [PMID: 33618086 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ochratoxin A (OTA) interaction with some metal cations exhibits a quenching effect of the Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ in the OTA intrinsic fluorescence intensity. The property of the OTA fluorescence change in complexation with the Cu2+ has been applied in developing a label-free and selective fluorimetric sensor for fast detection of the OTA trace amounts in wheat flour samples. The achieved color difference map (CDM) based on the spectral profile provides the technical support for the rapid visual sensing of OTA in the wheat flour samples. The feasibility of the hybrid fluorimetric sensor and visual OTA detection in wheat flour samples has been confirmed with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as a standard method. The calculated LOD (0.4 ng g-1) and LOQ (1.2 ng g-1) values of the proposed method are much lower than the maximum permissible limit of OTA value reported by the European Union (5 ng g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naader Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shahdost-Fard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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Nao SC, Wu KJ, Wang W, Leung CH, Ma DL. Recent Progress and Development of G-Quadruplex-Based Luminescent Assays for Ochratoxin A Detection. Front Chem 2020; 8:767. [PMID: 33088800 PMCID: PMC7490745 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is widespread throughout the world. It contaminates foods such as vegetables, fruits, and rice. It harms human health and has potential carcinogenic effects. The G-quadruplex (G4) is a tetraplexed DNA structure generated from guanine-rich DNA that has found emerging use in aptamer-based sensing systems. This review outlines the status of OTA contamination and conventional detection methods for OTA. Various G4-based methods to detect OTA developed in recent years are summarized along with their advantages and disadvantages compared to existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
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Castro Marín A, Colangelo D, Lambri M, Riponi C, Chinnici F. Relevance and perspectives of the use of chitosan in winemaking: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3450-3464. [PMID: 32723113 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer that has quite recently been approved as an aid for microbial control, metal chelation, clarification, and reduction of contaminants in enology. In foods other than wine, chitosan has also been evidenced to have some other activities such as antioxidant and antiradical properties. Nevertheless, the actual extent of its activities in must and wines has not been fully established. This review aimed to gather and discuss the available scientific information on the efficacy of chitosan as a multifaceted aid in winemaking, including antimicrobial, chelating, clarifying and antioxidant activities, while summarizing the chemical mechanisms underlying its action. Attention has been specifically paid to those data obtained by using unmodified chitosan in wine or in conditions pertinent to its production, intentionally excluding functionalized polymers, not admitted in enology. Unconventional utilizations together with future perspectives and research needs targeting, for example, the use of chitosan from distinct sources, production strategies to increase its efficacy or the potential sensory impact of this polysaccharide, have also been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castro Marín
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una filiera agro-alimentare Sostenibile - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Milena Lambri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una filiera agro-alimentare Sostenibile - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Riponi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Chinnici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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From grape to wine: Fate of ochratoxin A during red, rose, and white winemaking process and the presence of ochratoxin derivatives in the final products. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Agriopoulou S, Stamatelopoulou E, Varzakas T. Advances in Analysis and Detection of Major Mycotoxins in Foods. Foods 2020; 9:E518. [PMID: 32326063 PMCID: PMC7230321 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most widely studied biological toxins, which contaminate foods at very low concentrations. This review describes the emerging extraction techniques and the current and alternatives analytical techniques and methods that have been used to successfully detect and identify important mycotoxins. Some of them have proven to be particularly effective in not only the detection of mycotoxins, but also in detecting mycotoxin-producing fungi. Chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors like fluorescence, diode array, UV, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have been powerful tools for analyzing and detecting major mycotoxins. Recent progress of the development of rapid immunoaffinity-based detection techniques such as immunoassays and biosensors, as well as emerging technologies like proteomic and genomic methods, molecular techniques, electronic nose, aggregation-induced emission dye, quantitative NMR and hyperspectral imaging for the detection of mycotoxins in foods, have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (S.A.); (E.S.)
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Parussolo G, Oliveira MS, Garcia MV, Bernardi AO, Lemos JG, Stefanello A, Mallmann CA, Copetti MV. Ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus westerdijkiae in Italian-type salami. Food Microbiol 2019; 83:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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An extensive review of experimental ochratoxicosis in poultry: I. Growth and production parameters along with histopathological alterations. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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de Almeida ÂB, Corrêa IP, Furuie JL, de Farias Pires T, do Rocio Dalzoto P, Pimentel IC. Inhibition of growth and ochratoxin A production in Aspergillus species by fungi isolated from coffee beans. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1091-1098. [PMID: 31515726 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin found in several agricultural commodities. Produced by Aspergillus spp., it is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic and can be carcinogenic. Preventive measures are preventing fungal growth and OTA production. In this study, fungal strains (Rhizopus oryzae, Lichtheimia ramosa, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus sp., and Aspergillus fumigatus) isolated from coffee beans were identified for their abilities to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus carbonarius, and Aspergillus niger, and OTA production. All fungi strains tested were able to inhibit growth of the four Aspergillus species and OTA production, where A. niger showed the best results in both tests. L. ramosa showed the lowest growth-reducing potential, while the other fungal strains had a growth-reducing potential higher than 70% against all Aspergillus species tested. Regarding OTA production, L. ramosa and Aspergillus sp. completely inhibited the mycotoxin production by A. ochraceus and non-toxigenic strain A. niger completely inhibited OTA production by A. niger. Our findings indicate that the strains tested can be used as an alternative means to control growth of OTA-producing fungi and production of the mycotoxin in coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Bozza de Almeida
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pauluk Corrêa
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jason Lee Furuie
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Thiago de Farias Pires
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia do Rocio Dalzoto
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ida Chapaval Pimentel
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
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17
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Öncü Kaya EM, Korkmaz OT, Yeniceli Uğur D, Şener E, Tunçel AN, Tunçel M. Determination of Ochratoxin-A in the brain microdialysates and plasma of awake, freely moving rats using ultra high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Sueck F, Hemp V, Specht J, Torres O, Cramer B, Humpf HU. Occurrence of the Ochratoxin A Degradation Product 2'R-Ochratoxin A in Coffee and Other Food: An Update. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060329. [PMID: 31181754 PMCID: PMC6628416 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food raw materials can contain the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Thermal processing of these materials may result in decreased OTA levels but also in the formation of the thermal isomerization product 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA). So far, only 2′R-OTA levels reported from 15 coffee samples in 2008 are known, which is little when compared to the importance of coffee as a food and trading good. Herein, we present results from a set of model experiments studying the effect of temperatures between 120 °C and 270 °C on the isomerization of OTA to 2′R-OTA. It is shown that isomerization of OTA starts at temperatures as low as 120 °C. At 210 °C and above, the formation of 25% 2′R-OTA is observed in less than one minute. Furthermore, 51 coffee samples from France, Germany, and Guatemala were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for the presence of OTA and 2′R-OTA. OTA was quantified in 96% of the samples, while 2′R-OTA was quantifiable in 35% of the samples. The highest OTA and 2′R-OTA levels of 28.4 µg/kg and 3.9 µg/kg, respectively, were detected in coffee from Guatemala. The OTA:2′R-OTA ratio in the samples ranged between 2.5:1 and 10:1 and was on average 5.5:1. Besides coffee, 2′R-OTA was also for the first time detected in a bread sample and malt coffee powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sueck
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Hemp
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jonas Specht
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Olga Torres
- Laboratorio Diagnostico Molecular S.A, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
- Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición y Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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19
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Jiménez-Martínez MD, Gil-Muñoz R, Gómez-Plaza E, Bautista-Ortín AB. Performance of purified grape pomace as a fining agent to reduce the levels of some contaminants from wine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1061-1070. [PMID: 29601267 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1459050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality of red wine depends on the absence of compounds which may affect its safety and/or stability such as ochratoxin A, biogenic amines and some metals and trace compounds. The presence of ochratoxin A in musts and wines is due to fungal contamination of the grapes and has been classified as a possible human carcinogen. Biogenic amines are formed by the microbiological decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acid precursors during the fermentation or ageing and storage, and, at high concentrations, they may induce adverse reactions in sensitive people. Trace elements may have both a nutritional and a toxic effect on health, but also can cause turbidity and stability problems. Their presence is affected mainly by natural factors such as soil mineral content and direct contact with tank surfaces and metallic tubing during winemaking. One of the best options to remove these compounds when present in excess in wine is fining. However, some fining agents commonly used may themselves present problems related with their allergenic properties or with their propensity to increase the protein content, which can cause turbidity problems. In an attempt to avoid such these problems, purified grape pomace was tested as a fining alternative since it has been seen to have a high capacity to reduce the astringency, turbidity and also the ochratoxin A content. The main aim of this work, therefore, was to study if this material can limit the presence of ochratoxin A, biogenic amines and metals and some trace elements in a Monastrell red wine, thus increasing the value and safety of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Gil-Muñoz
- b Viticulture Department Viticulture Department , Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario , Murcia , Spain
| | - Encarna Gómez-Plaza
- a Food Science and Technology Department. Faculty of Veterinary Science , University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Ana Belén Bautista-Ortín
- a Food Science and Technology Department. Faculty of Veterinary Science , University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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20
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Di Natale C, Celetti G, Scognamiglio PL, Cosenza C, Battista E, Causa F, Netti PA. Molecularly endowed hydrogel with an in silico-assisted screened peptide for highly sensitive small molecule harvesting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10088-10091. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic representation of in silico-assisted screening of an AFM1 binding peptide and the working principle of toxin harvesting by molecularly endowed hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Di Natale
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | - Giorgia Celetti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cosenza
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
- University “Federico II”
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | - Edmondo Battista
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
- University “Federico II”
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
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21
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Soares RRG, Ricelli A, Fanelli C, Caputo D, de Cesare G, Chu V, Aires-Barros MR, Conde JP. Advances, challenges and opportunities for point-of-need screening of mycotoxins in foods and feeds. Analyst 2018; 143:1015-1035. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in analytical methods for mycotoxin screening in foods and feeds are reviewed, focusing on point-of-need detection using integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R. G. Soares
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Portugal
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
| | | | - Corrado Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electronics and Telecommunications
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electronics and Telecommunications
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Portugal
| | - M. Raquel Aires-Barros
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - João P. Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
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22
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Cui X, Muhammad I, Li R, Jin H, Guo Z, Yang Y, Hamid S, Li J, Cheng P, Zhang X. Development of a UPLC-FLD Method for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 and M1 in Animal Tissue to Study the Effect of Curcumin on Mycotoxin Clearance Rates. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:650. [PMID: 28959206 PMCID: PMC5603667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are well-known carcinogens for humans and animals health. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography linked with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) method was optimized and validated. In addition, we investigated for the first time, the influence of curcumin on residue depletion of AFB1 and AFM1 in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of broiler chickens and estimated a necessary clearance time required for AFB1 and AFM1 residues. The results showed that the average recoveries of AFB1 varied in liver, kidney, and muscles between 82.32-85.56, 85.34-88.45, and 84.88-89.73% respectively, while the average recoveries of AFM1 in liver, kidney, and muscles varied between 92.17-95.03, 94.12-97.21, and 95.32-98.51%, respectively. The detection limit of aflatoxin B1 was 0.008 ng/ml, while for aflatoxin M1 was 0.003 ng/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for AFB1 and AFM1 was 0.02 and 0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Clearance time for AFB1 and AFM1 residues were analyzed in two experimental groups of broilers. One group fed with dietary AFB1 (5.0 mg/kg feed) and other with curcumin+AFB1 diet (curcumin; 300 mg/kg feed, AFB1; 5.0 mg/kg feed). AFB1 and AFM1 residues clearance time was calculated based on LOQ using withdrawal time calculation software (WT1.4). Clearance time analyzed for AFB1 ranged from 11 to 19 days and for AFM1 ranged from 10 to 12 days at 95% confidence level. Interestingly, curcumin supplementation in the diet reduced the clearance time of AFM1 in liver and kidney but not in muscle tissues. Conclusively, the developed method can be appropriately used for the quality control testing of commercial broiler-meat processing companies, food manufacturers, and quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Cui
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed ControlHarbin, China
| | - Huiran Jin
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed ControlHarbin, China
| | - Zhaolin Guo
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed ControlHarbin, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Sattar Hamid
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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23
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Rocha DFDL, Oliveira MDS, Furlong EB, Junges A, Paroul N, Valduga E, Backes GT, Zeni J, Cansian RL. Evaluation of the TLC quantification method and occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat flour of southern Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:2220-2229. [PMID: 28786343 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1364872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction method for use with a TLC quantification procedure for deoxynivalenol (DON). It also surveyed DON occurrence in wheat flour from the southern region of Brazil. Forty-eight wheat flour samples were analysed, divided into 2 different harvest lots, each consisting of 24 different brands. The detection and quantification limits of the method were 30 and 100 ng of DON on the TLC plate. The various concentrations of DON presented high linearity (R2 = 0.99). A negative matrix effect (-28%) of the wheat flour was verified, with suppression of the chromatographic signal of DON, and 80.2-105.4% recovery. The TLC method was reliable for DON evaluation, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. High-performance liquid chromatography of lot 2 samples confirmed the presence of DON in all samples identified DON-positive by the TLC technique. Of the 48 wheat flour samples in lots 1 and 2 analysed by TLC, 33.3 and 45.8% of the samples respectively were above the Brazilian legislation limit. Correlations were observed between the water activity and DON content, and between the fungal count and moisture content of the wheat flours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Felippin de Lima Rocha
- a Department of Food Technologyb Department of Chemistry and Foodc Department of Food Engineering , IFFarroupilha Campus Santo Augusto , Santo Augusto , Brazil
| | - Melissa Dos Santos Oliveira
- a Department of Food Technologyb Department of Chemistry and Foodc Department of Food Engineering , IFFarroupilha Campus Santo Augusto , Santo Augusto , Brazil
| | - Eliana Badiale Furlong
- b Department of Chemistry and Food , Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG) , Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Alexander Junges
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Natalia Paroul
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Geciane Toniazzo Backes
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Rogério Luis Cansian
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
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24
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Luci G, Intorre L, Ferruzzi G, Mani D, Giuliotti L, Pretti C, Tognetti R, Bertini S, Meucci V. Determination of ochratoxin A in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) by enzymatic digestion (ED) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Mycotoxin Res 2017; 34:1-8. [PMID: 28856595 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary toxic metabolite synthesized by Aspergillus or Penicillium species, which can contaminate various crops. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified OTA as a group 2B possible human carcinogen. The aim of the present study was to assess OTA concentrations in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from Tuscany (Italy). Over a period of 2 years, samples of muscle, liver, and kidney from 48 wild boars were collected and concentrations of OTA were determined by enzymatic digestion (ED) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The highest concentrations of OTA were found in the kidneys of the 48 wild boars analyzed. No difference in concentrations was found based on years of collection and sex while a significantly higher OTA concentration was found in the kidney of the young wild boars with respect to the adult one. Monitoring the quality of meat destined for transformation is a priority in order to decrease the possibility of toxin carry-over to humans. The present study showed that contamination of wild boar meat products by OTA represents a potential emerging source of OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Luci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Ferruzzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Mani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Giuliotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosalba Tognetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Shi H, Yu P. Advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro) spectroscopy contributions to advances in food and feed research on molecular structure, mycotoxin determination, and molecular nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2164-2175. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1303769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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26
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Qi X, Wagenaar E, Xu W, Huang K, Schinkel AH. Ochratoxin A transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), and organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1A2, 1B1 and 2B1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:18-25. [PMID: 28532671 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a fungal secondary metabolite that can contaminate various foods. OTA has several toxic effects like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity in different animal species, but its mechanisms of toxicity are still unclear. How OTA accumulates in kidney, liver, and brain is as yet unknown, but transmembrane transport proteins are likely involved. We studied transport of OTA in vitro, using polarized MDCKII cells transduced with cDNAs of the efflux transporters mouse (m)Bcrp, human (h)BCRP, mMrp2, or hMRP2, and HEK293 cells overexpressing cDNAs of the human uptake transporters OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OATP2B1 at pH7.4 and 6.4. MDCKII-mBcrp cells were more resistant to OTA toxicity than MDCKII parental and hBCRP-transduced cells. Transepithelial transport experiments showed some apically directed transport by MDCKII-mBcrp cells at pH7.4, whereas both mBcrp and hBCRP clearly transported OTA at pH6.4. There was modest transport of OTA by mMrp2 and hMRP2 only at pH6.4. OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 mediated uptake of OTA both at pH7.4 and 6.4, but OATP1B1 only at pH7.4. There was no detectable transport of OTA by OATP1B3. Our data indicate that human BCRP and MRP2 can mediate elimination of OTA from cells, thus reducing OTA toxicity. On the other hand, human OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP2B1 can mediate cellular uptake of OTA, which could aggravate OTA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Els Wagenaar
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Bueno D, Valdez LF, Gutiérrez Salgado JM, Marty JL, Muñoz R. Colorimetric Analysis of Ochratoxin A in Beverage Samples. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111888. [PMID: 27834900 PMCID: PMC5134547 DOI: 10.3390/s16111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the use of a portable and low cost fluorescence setup to quantify the concentration of ochratoxin A (OTA) in beverage samples using an in-house developed system and different color models. It is reported that OTA is naturally fluorescent, for that reason an ultraviolet light at 365 nm was used to excite the samples and a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor was used to get a photograph of the OTA under excitation conditions, which is controlled by an executable interface designed in MATLAB. For each concentration of OTA, the coordinates with respect to each model color were obtained and plotted to quantify the mycotoxin present in the sample. It was possible to observe that despite the fact no extraction column was employed, the Red, Green, Blue (RGB) model shows a proportional relation to the evaluated concentrations. Despite the fact more analysis and other methods are required to quantify the OTA concentration, the brightness and a,b for the color-opponent dimensions (L*a*b) and Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) tests provide results whereby it is possible to identify the concentration of OTA in beverage samples such as beer and wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bueno
- Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France.
| | - Luis F Valdez
- Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
| | | | - Jean Louis Marty
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France.
| | - Roberto Muñoz
- Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
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28
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Dahal S, Lee HJ, Gu K, Ryu D. Heat Stability of Ochratoxin A in an Aqueous Buffered Model System. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1748-1752. [PMID: 28221848 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) represents one of the most widespread mycotoxins in agricultural commodities in the world and is considered a possible human carcinogen with its potent nephrotoxicity. OTA is stable under most food processing conditions; however, higher-temperature treatment may reduce OTA content in foods. Since OTA can be found in processed products destined for both human and animal consumption, factors affecting its stability or reduction during thermal processes were investigated here. The reduction of OTA was measured during various heating times (up to 60 min) at different temperatures (100, 125, 150, 175, and 200°C) in aqueous buffer solutions at different pHs (pH 4, 7, and 10). Quantification of OTA was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed that the rate and extent of OTA reduction were dependent on pH, processing time, and temperature; greater than 90% OTA reduction was achieved at 200°C for all treatments except pH 4. After processing under an alkaline condition (pH 10) at 100°C for 60 min, about 50% of the OTA was lost, while after 60 min under neutral and acidic conditions at 100°C, significant reductions of OTA were not shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Dahal
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA
| | - Kejia Gu
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA.,Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dojin Ryu
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA
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Bellí N, Marín S, Sanchis V, Ramos A. Review: Ochratoxin A (OTA) in Wines, Musts and Grape Juices: Occurrence, Regulations and Methods of Analysis. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/108201302031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This work gives a general overview of ochratoxin A (OTA) occurrence in wines and the methodology for OTA analysis. The results of more than two thousand samples taken from the literature have been taken into account to quite extensively describe the present situation of OTA contamination of wine. According to these data, OTA is much more commonly detected in red wines than in rosé and white wines, and OTA concentration is remarkably higher than in the latter ones. Thus OTA could be detected in 45% (median 34%) of white wine samples, whereas it was detected in 66% (median 66%) of rosé and 71% (median 90%) of red wine samples. When comparing the wines from Northern and Southern regions, the latter showed a higher contamination than those from the Northern area. It has been suggested that OTA accumulation could be due to fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus in wines from Southern European countries because the crops are exposed to elevated temperatures, which favour growth of OTA-producing Aspergillus species over Penicillium. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) associated with fluorescence detection preceded by extraction of OTA using commercially available immunoaffinity columns (IAC) is currently the most applied method for OTA determination in wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bellí
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida. Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - S. Marín
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida. Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - V. Sanchis
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida. Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - A.J. Ramos
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida. Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Bueno D, Mishra RK, Hayat A, Catanante G, Sharma V, Muñoz R, Marty JL. Portable and low cost fluorescence set-up for in-situ screening of Ochratoxin A. Talanta 2016; 159:395-400. [PMID: 27474323 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present article describes a portable and low cost fluorescence set-up designed and characterized for in-situ screening of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in cocoa samples at field settings. The sensing module (the set up) consists of a LED with the wavelength of 370-380nm and a color complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) micro-camera inbuilt at upright position of a black box to obtain an image of the sensing molecule. It allows the user to get an image of the sensing analytes under excitation conditions and process the image in order to predict the toxicity of the samples. The image capturing and processing of the system was based on the OTA concentration in the sample and analyzed data can be presented as RGB values. For each concentration of the OTA, the R, G, B co-ordinates were obtained and plotted to quantify actual OTA presents in the sample. Moreover, the system was tested for real sample analysis using cocoa contaminated with OTA. The system could detect OTA as low as 1.25ng/ml with the maximum recovery of 87.5% in cocoa samples. The OTA was extracted in 1% NaHCO3 and cleaned up using molecular imprinted polymer column (MIP). The method demonstrated a good linear range between 1.25 and 10ng/ml. The obtained results were cross validated using chromatographic method HPLC and also compared with commercially available fluorescence instrument. The developed fluorescence setup is simple, economical, and portable with added advantages of digital image processing. The system could be deployable to cocoa fields for monitoring of OTA in quick successions. It is noteworthy to mention that this is the first report of such portable fluorescence setup where, OTA sensing was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bueno
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Rupesh K Mishra
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, 304022 India.
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gaëlle Catanante
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, 304022 India
| | - Roberto Muñoz
- Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire BAE, Building S 52 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France.
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Yang Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Li C, Zhang X. Ochratoxin A is degraded by Yarrowia lipolytica and generates non-toxic degradation products. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common contaminant of various plant-derived foods and feeds. However, methods for complete decontamination remain to be established. Recently, biological approaches for mycotoxin removal using various species of yeast have been explored. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of OTA degradation by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica under various conditions, altering yeast concentration, temperature, pH, and concentration of OTA in order to determine the optimal requirements of this species. At a yeast concentration of 108 cells/ml, the degradation rate was higher than that observed at any other concentration and, after 24 h, the OTA concentration was reduced to almost half of the initial level introduced to the culture. Further, Y. lipolytica cultured at 28 °C showed the highest level of OTA degradation. Similarly, the culture performed optimally at a pH of 4. The initial concentration of OTA also affected the ability of the yeast to degrade OTA, with the level of degradation being the highest when the initial OTA concentration was 0.1 μg/ml. Moreover, we also tested the toxicity of the OTA biodegradation products using HepG2 cells to determine the physiological applicability of this yeast species in the food industry and observed that these products were notably less toxic than non-degraded OTA. Y. lipolytica effectively reduced natural decay incidence of grapes, and had no negative effect to the storage quality of grape fruits. Taken together, these data suggest that Y. lipolytica could be a viable OTA contamination prevention/treatment option and additional research concerning its commercial use is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China P.R
| | - J. Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China P.R
| | - H. Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China P.R
| | - C. Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China P.R
| | - X. Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China P.R
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Determination of ochratoxin A in pig tissues using enzymatic digestion coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. MethodsX 2016; 3:171-7. [PMID: 27047764 PMCID: PMC4799049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new method for the rapid analysis of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pig tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) using enzymatic digestion (ED) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). OTA was digested with a 1% pancreatin solution in a phosphate buffer and then cleaned with ethylacetate. After being evaporated to dryness and re-dissolved, the sample was determined using HPLC-FLD. The method was validated taking into account the currently permitted limit of 1 μg/kg OTA in pork meat and derived products in Italy. The recovery was higher than 90%. Intra- and inter-day repeatability expressed as RSD were less than 7%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.001 and 0.002 μg/kg, respectively. Our method is more efficient, easier, and cheaper than conventional clean-up procedures (liquid–liquid extraction). The aim of the study was to develop and validate a quantitative HPLC-FLD method based on ED followed by a chromatographic analysis without any previous clean-up or concentration step for the detection of OTA in pig tissues. The ED method showed a 90%+ recovery, and intra- and inter-day RSD less than 7%. This method is simple, rapid, easy to use, and consumes low amounts of organic solvents.
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Mishra RK, Catanante G, Hayat A, Marty JL. Evaluation of extraction methods for ochratoxin A detection in cocoa beans employing HPLC. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:500-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1133933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Iqbal S, Jinap S, Pirouz A, Ahmad Faizal A. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products, occurrence and recent challenges: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Luan C, Wang L, Chen F, Wang S, Zhao L, Shao L. Determination of Ochratoxin A in Pig Muscle Using Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Kupski L, Badiale-Furlong E. Principal components analysis: An innovative approach to establish interferences in ochratoxin A detection. Food Chem 2015; 177:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Xie L, Sheng P, Kong W, Zhao X, Ou-Yang Z, Yang M. Solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymer for determination of ochratoxin A in human urine. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, selective and reliable sample preparation technique employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in human urine was described. After sample adjustment to pH 2.5 with 0.1 M HCl, the urine sample was loaded onto the MIP-SPE column, and after a wash step, OTA was eluted for measurement by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Key parameters which affected the MIP-SPE extraction efficiency were optimized as was the detection method. Under the optimised conditions, the limits of detection and quantification for OTA in urine were 0.2 ng/ml and 0.6 ng/ml, respectively. The recoveries for OTA in urine, spiked at the 0.6, 6.0 and 60 ng/ml levels, ranged from 92.0 to 98.9%. Sixty urine samples were analysed, of which four were found to contain OTA at concentrations ranging from 0.022 to 0.083 ng/ml; the positive results were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. OTA determination in urine is a good indicator for human exposure to the mycotoxin, and this is the first report on OTA contamination in Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Xie
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China P.R
| | - P. Sheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China P.R
| | - W. Kong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
| | - X. Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
- Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Wanning 571533, China P.R
| | - Z. Ou-Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China P.R
| | - M. Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Malianwa North Road 151, Beijing 100193, China P.R
- Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Wanning 571533, China P.R
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Shar ZH, Sumbal GA, Sherazi STH, Kara H, Hussain M, Bhanger MI. Determination of Ochratoxin A in Poultry Feed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Monolithic Column. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.951447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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40
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Vettorazzi A, González-Peñas E, de Cerain AL. Ochratoxin A kinetics: A review of analytical methods and studies in rat model. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:273-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Multi-mycotoxins analysis in ginger and related products by UHPLC-FLR detection and LC-MS/MS confirmation. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Yang J, Li J, Jiang Y, Duan X, Qu H, Yang B, Chen F, Sivakumar D. Natural occurrence, analysis, and prevention of mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:64-83. [PMID: 24188233 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.569860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are small toxic chemical products formed as the secondary metabolites by fungi that readily contaminate foods with toxins in the field or after harvest. The presence of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin, in fruits and their processed products is of high concern for human health due to their properties to induce severe acute and chronic toxicity at low-dose levels. Currently, a broad range of detection techniques used for practical analysis and detection of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins are available. Many analytical methods have been developed for the determination of each group of these mycotoxins in different food matrices, but new methods are still required to achieve higher sensitivity and address other challenges that are posed by these mycotoxins. Effective technologies are needed to reduce or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Preventive measures aimed at the inhibition of mycotoxin formation in fruits and their processed products are the most effective approach. Detoxification of mycotoxins by different physical, chemical, and biological methods are less effective and sometimes restricted because of concerns of safety, possible losses in nutritional quality of the treated commodities and cost implications. This article reviewed the available information on the major mycotoxins found in foods and feeds, with an emphasis of fruits and their processed products, and the analytical methods used for their determination. Based on the current knowledge, the major strategies to prevent or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , People's Republic of China
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Poór M, Kuzma M, Matisz G, Li Y, Perjési P, Kunsági-Máté S, Kőszegi T. Further aspects of ochratoxin A-cation interactions: complex formation with zinc ions and a novel analytical application of ochratoxin A-magnesium interaction in the HPLC-FLD system. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1295-307. [PMID: 24727553 PMCID: PMC4014734 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by different Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Since its mechanism of action is not fully understood yet, it is important to gain further insight into different interactions of OTA at the molecular level. OTA is found worldwide in many foods and drinks. Moreover, it can also be detected in human and animal tissues and body fluids, as well. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive quantitative methods for the determination of OTA is of utmost importance. OTA most likely forms complexes with divalent cations, both in cells and body fluids. In the present study, the OTA-zinc interaction was investigated and compared to OTA-magnesium complex formation using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Our results show that zinc(II) ion forms a two-fold higher stable complex with OTA than magnesium(II) ion. In addition, based on the enhanced fluorescence emission of OTA in its magnesium-bound form, a novel RP-HPLC-fluorescence detector (FLD) method was also established. Our results highlight that the application of magnesium chloride in alkaline eluents results in an approximately two-fold increase in sensitivity using the HPLC-FLD technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Poór
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Kuzma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Matisz
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Yin Li
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Pál Perjési
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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Bazin I, Faucet-Marquis V, Monje MC, El Khoury M, Marty JL, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. Impact of pH on the stability and the cross-reactivity of ochratoxin A and citrinin. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2324-40. [PMID: 24287570 PMCID: PMC3873688 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungi contaminating crops. In several countries, the maximum permitted levels of mycotoxins are found in foodstuffs and feedstuffs. The common strategy of mycotoxin analysis involves extraction, clean-up and quantification by chromatography. In this paper, we analyzed the reasons of underestimation of ochratoxin A (OTA) content in wine, and overestimation of OTA in wheat, depending on the pH of the clean-up step and the simultaneous presence of citrinin (CIT). We demonstrated that the increase of pH by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to wine led to an underestimation of OTA by conversion of OTA into open ring ochratoxin A OP-OA. In comparing three methods of extraction and clean-up for the determination of OTA and CIT in wheat--(i) an inter-laboratory validated method for OTA in cereals using immunoaffinity column clean-up (IAC) and extraction by acetonitrile/water; (ii) a validated method using IAC and extraction with 1% bicarbonate Na; and (iii) an in-house validated method based on acid liquid/liquid extraction--we observed an overestimation of OTA after immunoaffinity clean-up when CIT is also present in the sample, whereas an underestimation was observed when OTA was alone. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, CIT was partially recognized by OTA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bazin
- Ecole des mines d’Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France; E-Mail:
| | - Virginie Faucet-Marquis
- Laboratory Chemical Engineering, Department Bioprocess & Microbial System, University of Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, 1 Avenue Agrobiopole, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; E-Mails: (V.F.-M.); (M.-C.M.)
- Anabiotox 16 allée Montcalm, 31500 Ramonville, France
| | - Marie-Carmen Monje
- Laboratory Chemical Engineering, Department Bioprocess & Microbial System, University of Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, 1 Avenue Agrobiopole, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; E-Mails: (V.F.-M.); (M.-C.M.)
| | - Micheline El Khoury
- Ecole des mines d’Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France; E-Mail:
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- Laboratory IMAGES, University of Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mail:
| | - Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Laboratory Chemical Engineering, Department Bioprocess & Microbial System, University of Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, 1 Avenue Agrobiopole, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; E-Mails: (V.F.-M.); (M.-C.M.)
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45
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Molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase clean-up for analysis of ochratoxin A in ginger and LC-MS/MS confirmation. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and ochrotoxin A in Glycyrrhiza uralensis analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Duarte S, Lino C, Pena A. Novel IAC-LC–ESI-MS2 analytical set-up for ochratoxin A determination in pork. Food Chem 2013; 138:1055-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Beheshti HR, Asadi M. Ochratoxin A in several grains in Iran. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2013; 6:200-2. [PMID: 24779905 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2013.788075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A content in 100 grain and derived products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with immunoaffinity column clean-up and fluorometric detection. Ochratoxin A was detected in 32% of green gram, 13.3% of chickpea, 10% of lentil and 17.5% of wheat flour. Ochratoxin contamination was below the regulatory limits of the European Union and of Iran. Recovery was 97% and the limit of detection was 0.12 ng g⁻¹.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Reza Beheshti
- a Testa Quality Control Laboratory , North-East Food Industrial Technology and Biotechnology Park , Mashhad , Iran
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49
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Cao J, Kong W, Zhou S, Yin L, Wan L, Yang M. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase clean-up for analysis of ochratoxin A in beer, red wine, and grape juice. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1291-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy; Chengdu University of TCM; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shujun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing P. R. China
- Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Lihui Yin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy; Chengdu University of TCM; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing P. R. China
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Monitoring of ochratoxin A during the fermentation of different wines by applying high toxin concentrations. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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