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Taylor BM, Thurbide KB. On-Line Coupling of a Micro-Pressurized Liquid Extraction Method to Liquid Chromatography Via Solid-Phase Trapping. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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Varga E, Benkovics G, Darcsi A, Várnai B, Sohajda T, Malanga M, Béni S. Comparative analysis of the full set of methylated β‐cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2789-2798. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - András Darcsi
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Bianka Várnai
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | | | | | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
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Valimaña-Traverso J, Morante-Zarcero S, Pérez-Quintanilla D, García MÁ, Sierra I, Marina ML. Cationic amine-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica materials for off-line solid-phase extraction of phenoxy acid herbicides from water samples prior to their simultaneous enantiomeric determination by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:146-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Chiral Separations Using a Modified Water Stationary Phase in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Malik AK, Aulakh JS, Fekete A, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Separation of the Phenoxy Acid Herbicides and Their Enantiomers by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis in Presence of Highly Sulphated Cyclodextrins. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Park JY, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Kim BM, Park JH, Choi WJ, Shim JH. Development and validation of an analytical method for determination of endocrine disruptor, 2,4-D, in paddy field water. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:1018-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Shin EH, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Khay S, Kim SJ, Im MH, Kwon CH, Shim JH. Simultaneous determination of three acidic herbicide residues in food crops using HPLC and confirmation via LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:124-35. [PMID: 20842699 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
2,4-D, dicamba and 4-CPA with auxin-like activity have been intensively used in agriculture, for the control of unwanted broadleaf weeds. An analytical method involving HPLC coupled with UVD was developed for the simultaneous analysis of these three analytes in Chinese cabbage, apple and pepper fruits (representative non-fatty samples) and brown rice and soybean (representative fatty samples) using liquid-liquid partitioning and column cleanup procedures. The residues were confirmed via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The standard curves were linear over the range of the tested concentrations (0.25-10 microg/mL), as shown by a marked linearity in excess of 0.9999 (r(2) ). The average recoveries (mean, n = 3) ranged from 94.30 to 102.63 in Chinese cabbage, from 94.76 to 108.47 in apple, from 97.52 to 102.27 in pepper, from 76.19 to 101.90 in brown rice, and from 74.60 to 107.39 in soybean. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <9% in all tested matrices. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.006 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Samples purchased from local markets were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the methods developed herein. The concentration of the 2,4-D residue was measured at 0.102 mg/kg in the soybean sample; however, this level is exactly the same MRL set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. This developed method deserves full and complete consideration, as it clearly displays the sensitivity, accuracy and precision required for residue analysis of 2,4-D, dicamba and 4-CPA in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ho Shin
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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9
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Santilio A, Stefanelli P, Dommarco R. Fast determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in carrots and apples using liquid chromatography coupled triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2009; 44:584-590. [PMID: 20183066 DOI: 10.1080/03601230903000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A fast, simple and inexpensive method has been developed for the analysis of phenoxy acid herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid (MCPP), 2-(4-aryloxyphenoxy)propionic acid (Fluazifop) and 2-(4-aryloxyphenoxy)propionic acid (Haloxyfop) in carrots and apples by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The compounds were analyzed by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) methodology without cleanup. The recoveries were performed at two spiked levels (0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) for both matrices with six replicates for each level. The mean recoveries ranged from 70-92% for both apples and carrots. The precision of the method expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD%) was found to be in the range 3-15%. For all compounds, good linearity (r(2) > 0.99) was obtained over the range of concentration from 0.05 micro g/mL to 0.5 micro g/mL, corresponding to the pesticide concentrations of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. The determination limits (LOQs) ranged from 0.01 ng/mL to 1.3 ng/mL in solvent, whereas, the LOQs calculated in matrix ranged from 0.05 ng/g to 21.0 ng/g for apples and from 0.06 ng/g to 10.2 ng/g for carrots. The developed methodology combines the advantages of both QuEChERS and LC/MS/MS producing a very rapid, sensitive and cheap method useful for the routine analytical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santilio
- Department of Environmental and Primary Prevention, Pesticide Unit, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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Koesukwiwat U, Sanguankaew K, Leepipatpiboon N. Rapid determination of phenoxy acid residues in rice by modified QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 626:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Ali I, Gupta VK, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral Resolution of Racemic Environmental Pollutants by Capillary Electrophoresis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2008; 38:132-46. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701804467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Shpigun OA, Ananieva IA, Budanova NY, Shapovalova EN. Use of cyclodextrins for separation of enantiomers. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2003v072n12abeh000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MA, García-Montelongo FJ, Cifuentes A. Chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites by capillary electromigration methods. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3799-813. [PMID: 16217833 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of enantiomers is one of the most challenging tasks for any analytical technique including CE. Since the first report in 1985 showing the great possibilities of CE for the separation of chiral compounds, the amount of publications concerning this topic has quickly increased. Although chiral electromigration methods have mainly been used for enantioseparation of drugs and pharmaceuticals, they have also been applied to analyze chiral pollutants. This article intends to provide an updated overview, including works published till January 2005, on the principal applications of CE to the chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites, with special emphasis on articles published in the last 10 years. The main advantages and drawbacks regarding the use of CE for chiral separation of pollutants are addressed including some discussion on the foreseen trends of electromigration procedures applied to chiral analysis of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Tazerouti F, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Meklati BY, Franco P, Minguillon C. Enantiomeric separation of drugs and herbicides on a beta-cyclodextrin-bonded stationary phase. Chirality 2002; 14:59-66. [PMID: 11748802 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chemically bonded beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase for HPLC was prepared in a "one pot" process by the reaction of a phenylated beta-cyclodextrin with silica gel. Various racemic analytes such as drugs (aminoalcohol adrenergic beta-blockers, benzodiazepine anxiolytics, arylpropionic acid antiinflammatory agents) and herbicides (aryloxypropionic acids and esters) were separated on the prepared material. The column showed good chiral recognition ability for most of the solutes tested when using heptane and either 2-propanol or chloroform as organic mobile phase modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairouz Tazerouti
- Laboratoire d' Analyse Organique Fonctionnelle, Faculte de Chimie, U.S.T.H.B, 16111 El Alia, Alger, Algeria.
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15
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Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are important chemicals since they are widely used to control many types of weeds, insects, and other pests in a wide variety of agricultural and nonagricultural settings. This review article is aimed at describing the recent progress made in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) of pesticides and metabolites. The various electrophoretic systems and detection schemes that were introduced during the period extending from the second half of 1999 to the first half of 2001 for the CE and CEC of pesticides are discussed. Also included in this review article are the various approaches for trace enrichment that are involved in the analysis of dilute pesticide samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tegeler
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-3071, USA
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16
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Cucinotta V, Giuffrida A, Grasso G, Maccarrone G, Vecchio G. Hemispherodextrins, a new class of cyclodextrin derivatives, in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 916:61-4. [PMID: 11382310 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A capped cyclodextrin derivative (THCMH), called hemispherodextrin, was observed to behave as a very efficient chiral selector for a variety of phenoxyacid enantiomeric pairs, both at pH 6 and pH 9. The very low concentration necessary to obtain separation was particularly impressive. The behaviour of THCMH was compared with that of other hemispherodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives and the conclusions are reported. Some interesting conclusions are drawn by comparing the behaviour of THCMH with that of other hemispherodextrins reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Italy.
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17
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Russell WK, Russell DH, Busby MB, Kolberg A, Li S, Maynard DK, Sanchez-Vindas S, Zhu W, Vigh G. Artifact-free matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectra of tert.-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivatives of cyclodextrins used for the synthesis of single-isomer, chiral resolving agents for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 914:325-30. [PMID: 11358227 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artifact-free, high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectra have been obtained for the labile, single-isomer, tert.-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivatives of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins by optimizing the MALDI sample preparation method. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, a 3:1 mixture of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 1-hydroxyisoquinoline, and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone were investigated as MALDI matrices with methanol and acetonitrile as matrix solvents. Partial-to-complete loss of the tert.-butyldimethylsilyl groups was observed when the commonly used 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was the MALDI matrix and/or methanol was the solvent, both with and without trifluoroacetic acid as additive. Loss of the labile tert.-butyldimethylsilyl groups was avoided with 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone as MALDI matrix and acetonitrile as matrix solvent. Good ion intensities were achieved for the (M+Na)+ and (M+K)+ quasimolecular ions in the positive-ion mode. Minor byproducts were observed in some of the samples and the information was used to aid the optimization of the synthetic work.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77842-3012, USA
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18
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Chankvetadz B, Blaschke G. Enantioseparations in capillary electromigration techniques: recent developments and future trends. J Chromatogr A 2001; 906:309-63. [PMID: 11215895 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of enantioseparations using capillary electromigration techniques and gives the authors insights on the selected fundamental aspects and future trends in this field. The most recent developments in the field of chiral separations using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are summarized. The status of chiral electromigration techniques is evaluated tacking into account the most recent developments in related techniques such as chiral HPLC, GC and SFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chankvetadz
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Germany.
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19
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Fanali S. Enantioselective determination by capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. J Chromatogr A 2000; 875:89-122. [PMID: 10839140 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the separation of enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selector. Cyclodextrins or their derivatives have been widely employed for the direct chiral resolution of a wide number of enantiomers, mainly of pharmaceutical interest, selected examples are reported in the tables. For method optimisation, several parameters influencing the enantioresolution, e.g., cyclodextrin type and concentration, buffer pH and composition, presence of organic solvents or complexing additives in the buffer were considered and discussed. Finally, selected applications to real samples such as pharmaceutical formulations, biological and medical samples are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fanali
- Istituto di Cromatografia del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy.
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20
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Abstract
The review summarizes the most recent developments in the field of enantioseparation of chiral drugs using capillary electromigration techniques. The basic principles of enantioseparations in CE are discussed. Recent developments in sample introduction, separation and detection in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography are summarized. The applications are arbitrarily divided into the following three groups: (a) racemates and artificial mixtures of enantiomers, (b) drug forms and (c) chiral drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids. Among the various techniques involved the relatively new developments such as CEC in aqueous and nonaqueous buffers, on-line CE-MS coupling, etc. are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Blaschke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany.
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ARAKI T, CHIBA M, TSUNOI S, TANAKA M. Separation of Chlorophenols by HPLC and Capillary Electrochromatography Using .BETA.-Cyclodextrin-bonded Stationary Phases. ANAL SCI 2000. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.16.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi ARAKI
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
| | - Michihiro CHIBA
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
| | - Shinji TSUNOI
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
| | - Minoru TANAKA
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
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TSUNOI S, HARINO H, MIURA M, EGUCHI M, TANAKA M. Separation of Phenoxy Acid Herbicides by Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Mixture of Hexakis(2,3-di-O-methyl)- and Sulfopropylether-.ALPHA.-cyclodextrins. ANAL SCI 2000. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.16.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji TSUNOI
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
| | - Hiroya HARINO
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Masaru MIURA
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
| | - Masaharu EGUCHI
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
| | - Minoru TANAKA
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University
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