1
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Carbon dot/carbon nitride composites fluorescent probe for the highly selective detection of Cr(VI) ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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2
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1910-1934. [PMID: 31999115 PMCID: PMC7250003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is complicated, owing to the enormous diversity of arsenic metabolism in humans, lack of knowledge about the toxicity of these chemicals, and lack of accurate arsenic speciation data on foodstuffs. Identification and quantification of the toxic arsenic compounds are imperative to understanding the risk associated with exposure to arsenic from dietary intake, which, in turn, underscores the need for speciation analysis of the food. Arsenic speciation in seafood is challenging, owing to its existence in myriads of chemical forms and oxidation states. Interconversions occurring between chemical forms, matrix complexity, lack of standards and certified reference materials, and lack of widely accepted measurement protocols present additional challenges. This review covers the current analytical techniques for diverse arsenic species. The requirement for high-quality arsenic speciation data that is essential for establishing legislation and setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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3
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Colim AN, do Nascimento PC, Wiethan BA, Adolfo FR, Dresch LC, de Carvalho LM, Bohrer D, da Rosa MB. Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of 15 Rare Earth Elements in Surface Water Sample Collected in a Mining Area from Lavras do Sul/RS, Brazil. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Zheng X, Liu W, Gai Q, Tian Z, Ren S. A Carbon-Dot-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Copper(II) Ions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Optoelectronic Science; Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai; Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Science; Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai; Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiao Gai
- Department of Optoelectronic Science; Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai; Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoshuo Tian
- Information Optoelectronics Research Institute; Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai; Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Shoutian Ren
- Department of Optoelectronic Science; Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai; Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
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5
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Hashemi SH, Kaykhaii M, Jamali Keikha A, Sajjadi Z, Mirmoghaddam M. Application of response surface methodology for silver nanoparticle stir bar sorptive extraction of heavy metals from drinking water samples: a Box–Behnken design. Analyst 2019; 144:3525-3532. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00165d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were coated on a glass stir bar and used for the extraction of heavy metals from water samples after their complexation with ligand PAN, followed by their HPLC determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Hossein Hashemi
- Department of Marine Chemistry
- Faculty of Marine Science
- Chabahar Maritime University
- Chabahar
- Iran
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Sistan and Baluchestan
- Zahedan
- Iran
| | - Ahmad Jamali Keikha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Marine Engineering
- Chabahar Maritime University
- Chabahar
- Iran
| | - Zahra Sajjadi
- Department of Marine Chemistry
- Faculty of Marine Science
- Chabahar Maritime University
- Chabahar
- Iran
| | - Majid Mirmoghaddam
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Sistan and Baluchestan
- Zahedan
- Iran
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6
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Salpage SR, Lanzetta RC, Zhou Y, Wang JC, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Hanson K. Wavelength selective separation of metal ions using electroactive ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7507-7510. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced electron transfer to an irreversibly electroactive ligand is introduced as a novel method for separating meta ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahan R. Salpage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Ronald C. Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Jamie C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | | | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
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7
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A simplified electrochemical instrument equipped with automated flow-injection system and network communication technology for remote online monitoring of heavy metal ions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Chromatographic separation of thulium from erbium for neutron capture cross section measurements—Part I: Trace scale optimization of ion chromatography method with various complexing agents. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Chromatographic separation of thulium from erbium for neutron capture cross section measurements—Part II: Preparative scale separation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Separation of transition and heavy metals using stationary phase gradients and thin layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Radi S, Toubi Y, Bacquet M, Degoutin S, Mabkhot YN, Garcia Y. An inorganic–organic hybrid material made of a silica-immobilized Schiff base receptor and its preliminary use in heavy metal removal. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and excellent host for heavy metals was synthesized by chemical immobilization of a (E)-4-((pyridin-2-yl-methylene)amino)phenol Schiff base receptor onto silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaail Radi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement (LCAE)
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Mohamed I
- 60 000 Oujda
- Morocco
| | - Yahya Toubi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement (LCAE)
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Mohamed I
- 60 000 Oujda
- Morocco
| | - Maryse Bacquet
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR8207 (UMET)
- Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
- 119-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Stéphanie Degoutin
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR8207 (UMET)
- Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
- 119-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Yahia N. Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Yann Garcia
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids, Reactivity (IMCN/MOST)
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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12
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Peña Crecente RM, Lovera CG, García JB, Latorre CH, Martín SG. Ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction for the determination of some transition metals in Orujo spirit samples by capillary electrophoresis. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Sequential Injection Chromatography with post-column reaction/derivatization for the determination of transition metal cations in natural water samples. Talanta 2015; 136:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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ZHAO YX, QI L, YANG WJ, WEI S, WANG YL. Amplified Fluorescence Detection of Pb2+ Using Pb2+-dependent DNAzyme Combined with Nicking Enzyme-Mediated Enzymatic Recycling Amplification. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Sample Treatment Approaches for Trace Level Determination of Cesium in Hepatitis B Vaccine by Suppressed Ion Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li CL, Liu KT, Lin YW, Chang HT. Fluorescence detection of lead(II) ions through their induced catalytic activity of DNAzymes. Anal Chem 2010; 83:225-30. [PMID: 21141923 DOI: 10.1021/ac1028787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a fluorescence approach for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Pb(2+) ions using AGRO100, a G-quadruplex DNAzyme. The sensing strategy is based on Pb(2+) ions inducing increased DNAzyme activity of AGRO100 in the presence of hemin, which acts as a cofactor to catalyze H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidation of Amplex UltraRed (AUR). A test of eight aptamers of various sequences for the detection of Pb(2+) ions revealed that AGRO100 performed the best in terms of sensitivity. The AGRO100-AUR probe exhibited high selectivity (>100-fold) toward Pb(2+) ions over other tested metal ions. The fluorescence intensity (excitation/emission maxima, ca. 561/592 nm) of the AUR product was proportional to the concentration of Pb(2+) ions over the range 0-1000 nM, with a linear correlation (R(2) = 0.98). For 5 mM Tris-acetate (pH 7.4) solutions in the presence and absence of 100 mM NaCl, the AGRO100-AUR probe provided limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for Pb(2+) ions of 1.0 and 0.4 nM, respectively. We validated the practicality of the use of the AGRO100-AUR probe for the determination of the concentrations of Pb(2+) ions in soil samples. This approach allows the determination of the concentrations of Pb(2+) ions with simplicity, selectivity, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Optimization of an anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method for the speciation analysis of oxyanion-forming metals and metalloids in leachates from cement-based materials. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6186-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Han C, Cao X, Yu JJ, Wang XR, Shen Y. Arsenic Speciation in Sargassum fusiforme by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and LC-ICP-MS. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Transition metals are among the most common ligands that contribute to the biochemical and physiological properties of proteins. In the course of structural proteomic projects, the detection of transition metal cofactors prior to the determination of a high-resolution structure is extremely beneficial. This information can be used to select tractable targets from the proteomic pipeline because the presence of a metal often improves protein stability and can be used to help solve the phasing problem in x-ray crystallography. Recombinant proteins are often purified with substoichiometric amounts of metal loaded, so additional metal may be needed to obtain the homogeneous protein solution crucial for structural analysis. Furthermore, identifying a metal cofactor provides a clue about the nature of the biological role of an unclassified protein and can be applied with structural data in the assignation of a putative function. Many of the existing methods for transition metal analysis of purified proteins have limitations, which include a requirement for a large quantity of protein or a reliance on equipment with a prohibitive cost.The authors have developed two simple high throughput methods for identifying metalloproteins on a microgram scale. Each of the techniques has distinct advantages and can be applied to address divergent experimental goals. The first method, based on simple luminescence and colorimetric reactions, is fast, cheap, and semiquantitative. The second method, which employs HPLC separation, is accurate and affords unambiguous metal identification.
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21
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Chen Z, Akter KF, Rahman MM, Naidu R. Speciation of arsenic by ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ammonium eluents. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:2671-6. [PMID: 17313108 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A method based on ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS) was developed for the speciation of arsenic in water and soil extracts. An anion-exchange column (G3154A/101) was used to separate As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) with excellent resolution. Various ammonium salts, including NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, (NH4)2CO3, and NH4HCO3, were examined as eluents to reduce matrix interference from chloride and to solve clogging problems. The best arsenic speciation was obtained within 9 min with excellent resolution and without interference from high chloride concentrations using an eluent containing 7.5 mM (NH4)2HPO4 at pH 7.9. The detection limits for the target arsenic species ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 microg/L with direct injection of sample without matrix elimination. The proposed method was effectively demonstrated by determining arsenic species in contaminated waters and soils of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuLiang Chen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia.
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22
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Bruno P, Caselli M, Elisabetta Daresta B, de Gennaro G, de Pinto V, Ielpo P, Marcella Placentino C. Method for the Determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(II), and Pd(II) at ppb/subppb Levels by Ion Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070601093762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bruno
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Bari , Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierina Ielpo
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Bari , Bari, Italy
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Gupta V, Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY. Chapter 3 Metal ions speciation in the environment: Distribution, toxicities and analyses. CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(07)05003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Chen ZL, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Determination of Bromate and Bromide in Seawater by Ion Chromatography, with an Ammonium Salt Solution as Mobile Phase, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Zeng W, Chen Y, Cui H, Wu F, Zhu Y, Fritz JS. Single-column method of ion chromatography for the determination of common cations and some transition metals. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1118:68-72. [PMID: 16483592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 01/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A single-column method for the simultaneous determination of common cations and transition metals in real samples is proposed in this paper. Eleven cations (copper, lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, calcium, strontium and zinc) were separated and analyzed by means of ion chromatography using an isocratic elution with 2.5 mM methane sulfonic acid and 0.8 mM oxalic acid as mobile phase, IonPac SCS1 (250 mm x 4 mm I.D.) as the separation column and non-suppressed conductor detection. Optimized analytical conditions were further validated in terms of accuracy, precision and total uncertainty and the results showed the reliability of the IC method. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and peak area were less than 0.04 and 1.30%, respectively. The coefficients of determination for cations ranged from 0.9988 to 1.000. The method developed was successfully applied to determination of cations in samples of beer and bottled mineral water. The spiked recoveries for the cations were 94-106%. The method was applied to beer and beverage without interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310028, China
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Xu X, Ling L, Wang R, Burgess JO. Formulation and characterization of a novel fluoride-releasing dental composite. Dent Mater 2005; 22:1014-23. [PMID: 16378636 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to formulate a novel fluoride-releasing dental composite and to evaluate its mechanical properties, fluoride release and recharge capabilities, water sorption and solubility. METHODS A fluoride-releasing dimethacrylate monomer containing a ternary zirconium fluoride chelate was synthesized. Three experimental fluoride-releasing composites were fabricated with different monomer formulas (wt.%)-(1) Control A: 40 BisGMA/40 TEDMA/20 UEDMA; (2) EXPERIMENTAL: 20 F-releasing monomer/20 BisGMA/40 TEDMA/20 UEDMA; (3) Control B: the same formula as Control A except that it contained 10 wt.% (of total monomer) tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), which had a fluoride content equivalent to EXPERIMENTAL. All three materials had the same filler content: 55 wt.% silanized fluoroaluminosilicate particles (0.8 microm) and 10 wt.% silanized fumed silica (14 nm). All materials contained 0.17 wt.% camphorquinone (CQ) as a photoinitiator and 0.69 wt.% ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (4EDMAB) as an accelerator. The materials were tested for fluoride release (for 184 days), fluoride recharge, compressive and flexure strength, water sorption and solubility. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey-HSD tests, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The experimental composite had significantly higher fluoride release and fluoride recharge capabilities than both Control composites. It had significantly better physical and mechanical properties than Control B. SIGNIFICANCE The combined use of the fluoride-releasing dimethacrylate monomer and fluoride-releasing filler can provide sustained high fluoride release and recharge as well as acceptable mechanical and physical properties. Simply adding organic fluoride salt in the monomer yields composites with poor mechanical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
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27
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Soran ML, Hodişan T, Curtui M, Casoni D. TLC separation of rare earths using di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid as complexing reagent. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2005. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.18.2005.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Atanassova A, Lam R, Zamble DB. A high-performance liquid chromatography method for determining transition metal content in proteins. Anal Biochem 2004; 335:103-11. [PMID: 15519577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals are common components of cellular proteins and the detailed study of metalloproteins necessitates the identification and quantification of bound metal ions. Screening for metals is also an informative step in the initial characterization of the numerous unknown and unclassified proteins now coming through the proteomic pipeline. We have developed a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of the most prevalent biological transition metals: manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc. The method is accurate and simple and can be adapted for automated high-throughput studies. The metal analysis involves acid hydrolysis to release the metal ions into solution, followed by ion separation on a mixed-bead ion-exchange column and absorbance detection after postcolumn derivatization with the metallochromic indicator 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol. The potential interferences by common components of protein solutions were investigated. The metal content of a variety of metalloproteins was analyzed and the data were compared to data obtained from inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the assay allows for the detection of 0.1-0.8 nmol, depending on the metal. The amount of protein required is governed by the size of the protein and the fraction of protein with metal bound. For routine analysis 50 microg was used but for many proteins 10 microg would be sufficient. The advantages, disadvantages, and possible applications of this method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia Atanassova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3H6
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29
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Collins RN. Separation of low-molecular mass organic acid–metal complexes by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1059:1-12. [PMID: 15628118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The solution speciation of metals is a critical parameter controlling the bioavailability, solution-solid phase distribution and transport of metals in soils. The natural metal-complexing ligands that exist in soil solution include inorganic anions, inorganic colloids, organic humic substances, amino acids (notably phytosiderophores and bacterial siderophores) and low-molecular mass organic acids. The latter two groups are of particular significance in the soil surrounding plant roots (the rhizosphere). A number of analytical methodologies, encompassing computational, spectroscopic, physico-chemical and separation techniques, have been applied to the measurement of the solution speciation of metals in the environment. However, perhaps with the exception of the determination of the free metal cation, the majority of these techniques rarely provide species specific information. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a sensitive detection system, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), offers the possibility of separating and detecting metal-organic acid complexes at the very low concentrations normally found in the soil environment. This review, therefore, critically examines the literature reporting the HPLC separation of metal-organic acid complexes with reference to thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic considerations. The limitations of HPLC techniques (and the use of thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to validate analytical results) are discussed and the metal complex characteristics necessary for chromatographic separation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Collins
- Laboratoire Pierre Süe, CEA-CNRS UMR 9956, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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Shaw MJ, Haddad PR. The determination of trace metal pollutants in environmental matrices using ion chromatography. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2004; 30:403-431. [PMID: 14987873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Accepted: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A review is presented detailing the development of ion chromatography (IC) as a selective analytical tool for the determination of toxic metals and their organic species in many environmental sample matrices. A brief outline of ion chromatographic principles, together with an overview of the stationary phases used to separate metals, namely ion exchangers, modified ion pair sorbents and chelating ion exchangers, and the methods for detecting metal ions including hyphenation with spectroscopy and sample preparation schemes are also given, prior to a critical examination of developed methods for various metals including arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, aluminium and uranium since 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Shaw
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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31
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Yalçin S, Apak R. Chromium(III, VI) speciation analysis with preconcentration on a maleic acid-functionalized XAD sorbent. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dash K, Chandrasekaran K, Thangavel S, Dhaville SM, Arunachalam J. Determination of trace metallic impurities in high-purity quartz by ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1022:25-31. [PMID: 14753768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the determination of relevant trace impurities (alkali, alkaline and transition metals) in high purity quartz by ion-chromatography. In situ reagent (HF) purification and simultaneous sample dissolution was achieved in a multichannel vapour phase digestion assembly. Twenty-one samples can be digested at a time in this vapour phase system. Significant decrease in the process blank levels for all the analytes was observed. Drastic reduction (250 times) of NH4+ blank was achieved in the described vapour phase digestion, which enables the determination of trace concentration of sodium in high purity quartz. After volatilisation of the matrix and unreacted HF, the clear water leached solutions were injected into an ion-chromatograph equipped with conductivity detector for the determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals. In the case of transition metals, the trace residues were leached with 10 mM HCl and after separation on a mixed bed analytical column (IonPac CS5) were detected by spectrophotometry after post column derivatisation using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR). The accuracy of the result was checked by their comparison with those obtained by independent methods like inductively coupled plasma (ICP) MS and ICP atomic emission spectrometry. The achievable detection limits are between 0.4 ng/g (Li) and 22 ng/g (Mn). The application of the method to the determination of the above trace metals in two high-purity-grade quartz samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dash
- National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, ECIL (PO), Hyderabad City, Andhra Pradesh 500062, India
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Chen Z, Naidu R. On-column complexation capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid coupled with large-volume sample stacking. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1023:151-7. [PMID: 14760859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
On-column complexation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6-PDCA) formed anionic complexes, which were then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection at 214 nm. To achieve reasonable separation selectivity and on-column complexation, the conditions such as pH, the concentration of 2,6-PCDA and the EOF modifiers in the electrolyte were examined. The electrolyte contained 5.0 mM 2,6-PDCA, 0.25 mM tetradecyltrimethlammonium bromide (TTAB) and 5% (v/v) acetonitrile at pH 4.0 was optimised for on-column complexation and the separation of Fe[PCDA]2(2-) and Fe[PCDA]2(-). To enhance the detection sensitivity, large-volume sample stacking (LVSS) was used for the on-line preconcentration of Fe[PCDA]2(2-) and Fe[PCDA]2(-). Under the optimised conditions, satisfactory working ranges (0.5-50 microM), lower detection limits (less than 0.1 microM) and good repeatability of the peak areas (R.S.D.: 5.2-7.8%, n = 5) was achieved using LVSS (300 s). With LVSS, the detection sensitivity was enhanced more than 50-fold compared to conventional hydrodynamic injection. The proposed method was used successfully for the determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuLiang Chen
- CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide Laboratory, PMB2, University of South Australia, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia.
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34
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Kirby J, Maher W, Ellwood M, Krikowa F. Arsenic Species Determination in Biological Tissues by HPLC - ICP - MS and HPLC - HG - ICP - MS. Aust J Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ch04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled directly or by a hydride generation system to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for the unambiguous measurement of 13 arsenic species in marine biological extracts is described. The use of two chromatography systems; a Supelcosil LC-SCX cation-exchange column eluted with a 20 mM pyridine mobile phase adjusted to pH 2.2 and 2.6 with formic acid, with a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 at 40°C, and a Hamilton PRP-X100 anion-exchange column eluted with 20 mM NH4H2PO4 buffer at pH 5.6, with a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 at 40°C, was required to separate and quantify cation and anion arsenic species. Under these conditions, arsenous acid could not be separated from other arsenic species and required the use of an additional hydride generation step. Arsenic species concentrations in a locally available Tasmanian kelp (Durvillea potatorum), a certified reference material (DORM-2), and a range of commercially available macroalgae supplements and sushi seaweeds have been measured and are provided for use as in-house quality control samples to assess the effectiveness of sample preparation, extraction, and measurement techniques.
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Vonderheide AP, Meija J, Tepperman K, Puga A, Pinhas AR, States JC, Caruso JA. Retention of Cr(III) by high-performance chelation ion chromatography interfaced to inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection with collision cell. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1024:129-37. [PMID: 14753715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-performance chelation ion chromatography (HPCIC) was employed to retain cationic Cr(III) on an anion-exchange column and hence allow the separation of the two most prevalent forms of chromium, Cr(II) and Cr(VI). A mobile phase of nitric acid was utilized at pH = 1.5; additionally, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid was used at a concentration of 6 mM. Additives with different structural characteristics were used in an effort to elucidate retention mechanisms. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for chromium detection. A collision cell was utilized to reduce chloride-based polyatomic ions that may interfere with the detection of Cr(III), and a detection limit study yielded levels in the low part-per-billion range. The newly developed method was applied to the chromatographic analysis of samples of an incubation medium containing Cr(VI) incubated with cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Vonderheide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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36
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Rosenberg E. The potential of organic (electrospray- and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation) mass spectrometric techniques coupled to liquid-phase separation for speciation analysis. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1000:841-89. [PMID: 12877203 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry based on atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques (atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, APCI, and electrospray ionisation, ESI) for speciation analysis is reviewed with emphasis on the literature published in and after 1999. This report accounts for the increasing interest that atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques, and in particular ESI, have found in the past years for qualitative and quantitative speciation analysis. In contrast to element-selective detectors, organic mass spectrometric techniques provide information on the intact metal species which can be used for the identification of unknown species (particularly with MS-MS detection) or the confirmation of the actual presence of species in a given sample. Due to the complexity of real samples, it is inevitable in all but the simplest cases to couple atmospheric pressure MS detection to a separation technique. Separation in the liquid phase (capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography in reversed phase, ion chromatographic or size-exclusion mode) is particularly suitable since the available techniques cover a very wide range of analyte polarities and molecular mass. Moreover, derivatisation can normally be avoided in liquid-phase separation. Particularly in complex environmental or biological samples, separation in one dimension is not sufficient for obtaining adequate resolution for all relevant species. In this case, multi-dimensional separation, based on orthogonal separation techniques, has proven successful. ESI-MS is also often used in parallel with inductively coupled plasma MS detection. This review is structured in two parts. In the first, the fundamentals of atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques are briefly reviewed. The second part of the review discusses recent applications including redox species, use of ESI-MS for structural elucidation of metal complexes, characterisation and quantification of small organometallic species with relevance to environment, health and food. Particular attention is given to the characterisation of biomolecules and metalloproteins (metallothioneins and phytochelatins) and to the investigation of the interaction of metals and biomolecules. Particularly in the latter field, ESI-MS is the ideal technique due to the softness of the ionisation process which allows to assume that the detected gas-phase ions are a true representation of the ions or ion-biomolecule complexes prevalent in solution. It is particularly this field, important to biochemistry, physiology and medical chemistry, where we can expect significant developments also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Rosenberg
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 91164 AC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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37
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Santoyo E, Verma SP. Determination of lanthanides in synthetic standards by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the aid of a weighted least-squares regression model estimation of method sensitivities and detection limits. J Chromatogr A 2003; 997:171-82. [PMID: 12830890 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase liquid chromatography method was used for determining lanthanides in synthetic standards. The separation of lanthanide group was achieved in less than 15 min using a linear gradient program of alpha-hydroxyisobutyricacid eluent from 0.05 to 0.5 M (pH 3.8) with a UV-Vis detection system at 658 nm. A post-column reagent of Arsenazo III was employed for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of the method as well as for lowering the limits of detection (LODs). Linear calibration curves for all lanthanides were constructed using an ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression as well as a weighted least-squares (WLS) regression model for taking into account the heteroscedastic errors. The WLS model was successfully used for a better estimation of the sensitivities and the LODs of the RP-HPLC method than the conventional OLS model. The lanthanide sensitivity obtained from the slope of each calibration curve seems to be better for a lanthanide with an odd-atomic number compared to its neighboring element with an even-atomic number, as if nature is helping us to quantify the concentrations of the less abundant lanthanides. This observation was also confirmed when the LODs computed for all lanthanides were examined. The LODs observed for all lanthanides depicted a clear systematic "zigzag" pattern. This is actually the first time that the lanthanide detection limits determined by a HPLC method are shown to mimic the zigzag patterns for the concentration data in geological and cosmological materials. Such a "zigzag" pattern should be used as a standard criterion for evaluating the quality of detection limit data.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación en Energía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n Centro, Apdo. Postal 34, Temixco, Mor. 62580, Mexico.
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38
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Speciation of arsenic in baby foods and the raw fish ingredients using liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pobozy E, Halko R, Krasowski M, Wierzbicki T, Trojanowicz M. Flow-injection sample preconcentration for ion-pair chromatography of trace metals in waters. WATER RESEARCH 2003; 37:2019-2026. [PMID: 12691886 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Selected trace transition metal ions have been determined in an FIA/HPLC hyphenated system using on-line preconcentration on cellulose functionalised sorbent Cellex P. For HPLC separation ion-pair chromatography was employed with spectrophotometric detection at 510 nm using post-column derivatisation with PAR. Favourable kinetic conditions of sorption and elution as well as optimisation of hyphenated system allowed to obtain detection limits at sub-microgL(-1) level at 25 min preconcentration time. The developed method was employed for determination of Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II) in river water with reasonable agreement of obtained results with electrothermal AAS determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pobozy
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, Poland.
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40
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Shaw MJ, Cowan J, Jones P. Fabrication of an Aurin Tricarboxylic Acid Immobilized Chelating Polymer for the Ion Chromatographic Determination of Trace Metal Ions in Highly Mineralized Waters. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120017700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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41
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Chen Z, Naidu R. On-column complexation of metal ions using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and separation of their anionic complexes by capillary electrophoresis with direct UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2002; 966:245-51. [PMID: 12214701 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
On-column complexation of metal ions with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate (2,6-PDC) to form anionic complexes enabled their separation by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection at 214 nm. Nine metal ions, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ Mn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Al3+ and Ca2+, were determined in less than 7 min using 10 mM 2.6-PDC solution containing 0.75 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide at pH 4.0. Satisfactory working ranges (20-300 microM), detection limits (3-10 microM) and good repeatability of the peak areas (RSD 2.1-4.2%, n=5) were obtained using hydrodynamic injection (30 s). The proposed method was used successfully for the determination of Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+ and Ca2+ in groundwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliang Chen
- CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide Laboratory, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
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42
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Shaw MJ, Jone P, Nesterenko PN. Dynamic chelation ion chromatography of transition and heavy metal ions using a mobile phase containing 4-chlorodipicolinic acid. J Chromatogr A 2002; 953:141-50. [PMID: 12058928 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic behaviour of selected transition and heavy metal ions, the lanthanides, uranium and aluminium, on a neutral polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) stationary phase (7 microm Hamilton PRP-1) dynamically modified with 4-chlorodipicolinic acid, was investigated to evaluate retention characteristics. Complicated retention factor against pH plots were found for these metals demonstrating changes in retention order. It was concluded that complexation between the metal ions and the ligand adsorbed on the resin was strongly influenced by the decrease in dynamic loading with increase in pH, coinciding with changes in the metal-to-ligand ratio in the mobile phase. Possible reversed-phase interactions between metal-chlorodipicolinic acid complexes and the hydrophobic PS-DVB stationary phase also could not be ruled out. An eluent of 0.25 mM chlorodipicolinic acid, I M potassium nitrate at pH 2.2 was suitable for the separation of seven transition and heavy metal ions in under 20 min on a 250 x 4.6 mm column (with 50-mm guard column), determined in a certified water sample with good accuracy (R2 > or = 0.994) and reproducibility (RSD 1-4.2%). Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) were additionally analysed in <10 min in a more complicated certified rice flour matrix, using the same eluent but adjusted to pH 1.5, again with good accuracy (R2 > or = 0.998) and reproducibility (RSD 0.48-1.38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Shaw
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
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43
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Bashir W, Butler SG, Paull B. DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN WATER SAMPLES USING ION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A XYLENOL ORANGE CONTAINING ELUENT. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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44
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Chatterjee A, Shibata Y, Yoshinaga J, Morita M. Estimation of arsenobetaine in the NIES candidate certified reference material no. 18 human urine by HPLC-ICP-MS using different chromatographic conditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Among the environmental areas, in this review attention will be focused on water matrices and both on organic (e.g., pesticides, herbicides, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), inorganic species and anion pollutants, since these kinds of substances include a wide number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties and different effects on human health. Analytical methods for control of quality of waters are required to be highly specific and possibly highly sensitive for the determination of even low amounts of pollutants. The main problems encountered during the analysis are the separation of matrix components from the pollutants of interest and the achievement of low detection limits. Therefore an overview on different materials and techniques available for sample concentration and/or matrix removal will be provided and discussed according to the chemical characteristics of the pollutant that has to be enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bruzzoniti
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Turin, Italy
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46
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Santoyo E, Santoyo-Gutiérrez S, Verma SP. Trace analysis of heavy metals in groundwater samples by ion chromatography with post-column reaction and ultraviolet-visible detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 884:229-41. [PMID: 10917442 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Groundwaters originating from local and regional aquifers surrounding ash deposits produced by a coal-fired power plant were collected. These water samples were chemically analyzed for quantifying their heavy metal composition at trace levels. A highly sensitive analytical technique based on ion chromatography with a UV-Vis detector and under isocratic eluent flow-rate conditions was used. In order to quantify the major heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Co, Zn and Ni), three ionic separation column systems were evaluated: (1) a cationic column (HPIC-CS2, Dionex) tested with two eluents (10 mM oxalic acid-7.5 mM citric acid; and 40 mM D-tartaric acid-12 mM citric acid); (2) an anionic column (HPIC-AS4, Dionex) evaluated with 25 mM oxalic acid as eluent: and (3) a bifunctional ion-exchange column (Ionpac CS5, Dionex) which was also tested with two eluents (6 mM pyridine, 2,6-dicarboxylic acid; and 50 mM oxalic acid/95 mM lithium hydroxide). The lowest detection limits achieved with the Ionpac CS5 column and the 50 mM oxalic acid-95 mM lithium hydroxide eluent enabled the heavy metal analysis in groundwater samples to be reliably performed. Details of this comparative study, including the ion chromatography procedure selected and its application to heavy metal analysis of groundwater samples, are presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación en Energía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Temixco, Mor, Mexico.
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