1
|
Ekar T, Kreft S. Common risks of adulterated and mislabeled herbal preparations. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:288-297. [PMID: 30339960 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the growing trend of returning to nature and the fear of adverse reactions from conventional medicines, people are increasingly resorting to the use of herbal preparations. Because of long-term use and natural origin these preparations give a sense of security. But herbal formulations also possess undesirable effects and, among other dangers, present a risk connected with deliberate addition of synthetic compounds, deliberate or unintentional replacement of the plant species or simply a risk of mislabeling. While the replacement of the plant species occurs in a very different groups of herbal products, reports of added illicit synthetic substances often include groups of herbal weight-loss preparations, sexual enhancers, preparations for treatment of rheumatic and inflammatory diseases, antidiabetic and blood pressure lowering preparations. In the world of Internet ordering, these are the dangers that everyone should be aware of. In this article, we reviewed the safety issues related to adulterated or mislabeled herbal products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Ekar
- Public Institution Gorenjske Lekarne, Kranj, Slovenia
| | - Samo Kreft
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yue Y, Dou L, Wang X, Xue H, Song Y, Li X. Screening β1AR inhibitors by cell membrane chromatography and offline UPLC/MS method for protecting myocardial ischemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
3
|
Grosso C, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A, Valentão P, Sampaio M, Lima J, Andrade PB. Box–Behnken factorial design to obtain a phenolic-rich extract from the aerial parts of Chelidonium majus L. Talanta 2014; 130:128-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Moreira APL, Martini M, de Carvalho LM. Capillary electrophoretic methods for the screening and determination of pharmacologic adulterants in herbal-based pharmaceutical formulations. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3212-30. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula L. Moreira
- Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Mariele Martini
- Graduate Programme in Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Leandro M. de Carvalho
- Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Wu H, Zheng F, Liu W, Feng F, Xie N. Chemical constituents ofMeconopsis horridulaand their simultaneous quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2513-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang; Nanjing China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang; Nanjing China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang; Nanjing China
| | - Ning Xie
- Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Corporation; Ganzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan K, Li J, Li H, Wang Y, Yuan R. A highly sensitive dual-readout assay based on poly(A) and gold nanoparticles for palmatine hydrochloride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 122:198-203. [PMID: 24316533 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a highly sensitive, poly(A)-stabilized gold nanoparticle-based assay with dual readouts (resonance light scattering and colorimetric) for detecting palmatine hydrochloride (PaH) in real samples. The detection mechanism is based on the fact that palmatine hydrochloride has strong affinity to poly(A), which can stabilize gold nanoparticles at high ionic strength, and cause the aggregation of poly(A)-stabilized AuNPs, resulting in the enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS). At the same time, the color change of poly(A)-stabilized AuNPs solution is from red to blue via purple. Thus a highly sensitive RLS assay for PaH has been developed with a linear range of 0.023-2.5 μg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) is 2.3 ng/mL. In this work, the reaction mechanism of this system was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dark-field light scattering images (DLSI), dynamiclight scattering (DLS) and circular dichroism (CD). This proposed method was also applied successfully for the determination of PaH in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples with RSD⩽4.0%. The results are in good agreement with those from the official method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Tan
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Jiayu Li
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Huachun Li
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pillai MG, Kumar A, Sharma R, Bhasin N. LC–MS Based Workflows for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for Homeopathic Preparation of Hydrastis canadensis. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Ren L, Xue X, Liang X. Characterization of protoberberine alkaloids in Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) by HPLC with ESI-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1389-96. [PMID: 23505147 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to qualitatively analyze protoberberine alkaloids in crude extract of Coptidis Rhizoma using HPLC with ESI-MS/MS. Possible specific molecular weights of protoberberine alkaloids were firstly deduced according to literatures and were adopted to screen the alkaloids in the HPLC with ESI-MS of crude extract of Coptidis Rhizoma. As a result, 21 protoberberine alkaloids were found, including compounds of very low concentration and compounds coeluted in one peak. Among these, two compounds were positively identified and verified by comparison with standards. Ten of these compounds were first reported in this study for Coptidis Rhizoma. In addition, chromatographic retention parameters a and c of all compounds were obtained using their retention times under five gradient conditions and were applied to confirm the deduction about the structures of protoberberine alkaloids by tandem mass data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ren
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Screening of pharmacologic adulterant classes in herbal formulations using voltammetry of microparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 74:194-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Li W, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z, Shibin Y. STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF PYROLYZED PRODUCTS OF PROTOBERBERINE ALKALOIDS IN RHIZOMA COPTIDIS BY ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.637279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- a Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry , Changchun , P. R. China
- b Aerospace Corporation , Beijing , China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- a Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- a Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- a Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry , Changchun , P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, Chen Z. Analysis of four alkaloids of Coptis chinensis in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 737:99-104. [PMID: 22769040 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and precise high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrochemical detection (ECD) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four isoquinoline alkaloids including berberine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine and palmatine in Chinese medicine Coptis chinensis. The typical HPLC analysis was performed on WondaSil(®) C18-WR column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase comprising 40 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) at the flow rate of 0.8 mL min(-1). The electrochemical detection employed a three electrode system with a bare glassy carbon electrode at +1.3 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The limits of detection (LODs) of four alkaloids ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 μmol L(-1) and the LOD of berberine was 80 times lower than LOD obtained by UV detection. The rat plasma samples were assayed after oral administration of the traditional Chinese medicine Coptis chinensis by the proposed HPLC-ECD method. The recoveries of this method were ranging from 88.0 to 116%, with the relative standard deviation lower than 3.1% for intra-day precision and 5.7% for inter-day precision. These results show that HPLC-ECD is a useful tool for the quality control of herbal medicine Coptis chinensis and also for pharmacokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo X, Tu X, Wu Y, Luo S, Chen B. Application of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids as Background Electrolytes in Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Coptidis Alkaloids. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.649448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Xu N, Yang H, Cui M, Wan C, Liu S. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry ligand fishing assay: a method for screening triplex DNA binders from natural plant extracts. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2562-8. [PMID: 22220694 DOI: 10.1021/ac202796v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel ligand fishing assay was established to screen triplex DNA binders from complicated samples by a combination of immobilization of triplex DNA on agarose beads and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The biotinylated oligodeoxynucleotides were first bound to the streptavidin agarose beads and then incubated with the duplex DNA as the baits for ligand fishing. This assay was validated by the testing ligand library consisting of coralyne, ethidium bromide, vitexin, and formononetin. The binding affinities of ligands to target DNA were also obtained based on the calibration curves of ligands. Two components (berberine and palmatine) in the extract of Phellodendron chinense Schneid cortexes were fished out as triplex DNA binders by this assay, which indicated its feasibility for screening triplex DNA binders from complicated samples. This preliminary assay can be used for not only screening binders of triplex DNA from natural products extracts but also can obtain their binding affinity information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niusheng Xu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kulp M, Bragina O, Kogerman P, Kaljurand M. Capillary electrophoresis with LED-induced native fluorescence detection for determination of isoquinoline alkaloids and their cytotoxicity in extracts of Chelidonium majus L. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5298-304. [PMID: 21726876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we introduced a simple and sensitive method of capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet light-emitting diode-induced native fluorescence (UV-LEDIF) detection for the determination of isoquinoline alkaloids in extracts of Chelidonium majus L. Samples were extracted with acidic methanol and the extracts were directly analysed by CE. Simultaneous determination of protopine, chelidonine, coptisine, sanguinarine, allocryptopine, chelerythrine and stylopine was performed in 20mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.1). The baseline separation of these alkaloids was finished within 20 min. As these alkaloids have native fluorescence, they were directly detected using the commercially available UV light emitting diode without troublesome fluorescent derivatisation. Satisfactory LOD values were obtained for the studied compounds considering their appearance in natural extracts. Lower limits of detection were 0.05 μg/mL for protopine, 0.06 μg/mL for stylopine and allocryptopine, 0.07 μg/mL for chelidonine, 0.22 μg/mL for sanguinarine, 1.7 μg/mL for chelerythrine and 5.5 μg/mL for coptisine. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the contents of seven alkaloids in the aerial parts of Chelidonium majus L, which varied from 0.025 to 0.763% (w/w). Also, to demonstrate the potential of the proposed CE method, an estimation of the cytotoxic properties of selected Celandine alkaloids in a natural extract was carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kulp
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Shibin Y, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z. SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF ALKALOIDS IN RHIZOMA CORYDALIS BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.570840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, P. R. China
| | | | - Zifeng Pi
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kosina P, Vacek J, Papoušková B, Stiborová M, Stýskala J, Cankař P, Vrublová E, Vostálová J, Šimánek V, Ulrichová J. Identification of benzo[c]phenanthridine metabolites in human hepatocytes by liquid chromatography with electrospray ion-trap and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1077-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
17
|
Gao X, Yang X, Mitrevski BS, Marriott PJ. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with GC×GC-TOFMS for the analysis of volatile compounds of Coptis species rhizomes. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1157-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
de Carvalho LM, Correia D, Garcia SC, de Bairros AV, Nascimento PCD, Bohrer D. A new method for the simultaneous determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines and amfepramone as adulterants in phytotherapeutic formulations by voltammetry. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 202:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Gao X, Yang XW, Marriott PJ. Simultaneous analysis of seven alkaloids in Coptis-Evodia herb couple and Zuojin pill by UPLC with accelerated solvent extraction. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2714-22. [PMID: 20715137 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du JX, Wang M. Capillary Electrophoresis Determination of Berberine in Pharmaceuticals with End-Column Electrochemiluminescence Detection. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Yang QC, Wu WH, Han FM, Chen Y. Identification of in-vivo and in-vitro metabolites of palmatine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.05.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Despite its important therapeutic value, the metabolism of palmatine is not yet clear. Our objective was to investigate its in-vivo and in-vitro metabolism.
Methods
Liquid chromatography–tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MSn) was employed in this work. In-vivo samples, including faeces, urine and plasma of rats, were collected after oral administration of palmatine (20 mg/kg) to rats. In-vitro samples were prepared by incubating palmatine with intestinal flora and liver microsome of rats, respectively. All the samples were purified via a C18 solid-phase extraction procedure, then chromatographically separated by a reverse-phase C18 column with methanol–formic acid aqueous solution (pH 3.5, 70: 30 v/v) as mobile phase, and detected by an on-line MSn detector. The structure of each metabolite was elucidated by comparing its molecular weight, retention time and full-scan MSn spectra with those of the parent drug.
Key findings
The results revealed that 12 metabolites were present in rat faeces, 13 metabolites in rat urine, 7 metabolites in rat plasma, 10 metabolites in rat intestinal flora and 9 metabolites in rat liver microsomes. Except for six of the metabolites in rat urine, the other in-vivo and in-vitro metabolites were reported for the first time.
Conclusions
Seven new metabolites of palmatine (tri-hydroxyl palmatine, di-demethoxyl palmatine, tri-demethyl palmatine, mono-demethoxyl dehydrogen palmatine, di-demethoxyl dehydrogen palmatine, mono-demethyl dehydrogen palmatine, tri-demethyl dehydrogen palmatine) were reported in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian C Yang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen H Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng M Han
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Jin Y, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Feng J, Xue X, Zhang X, Liang X. Two-dimensional RPLC-RPLC system with different pH in two dimensions for separation of alkaloids fromCorydalis yanhusuoW. T. Wang. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2084-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P, Křivánková L. Electrolyte systems for on-line CE-MS: Detection requirements and separation possibilities. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:203-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Chen J, Zhao H, Wang X, Lee FSC, Yang H, Zheng L. Analysis of major alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry with different background electrolytes. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2135-47. [PMID: 18425753 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CE-based techniques with DAD and detection ESI-TOF-MS have been developed for the analysis of seven protoberberine alkaloids and one aporphinoid alkaloid in Huanglian (Rhizoma coptidis), a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine. One aqueous BGE and one nonaqueous BGE were developed for CE-DAD and CE-MS analyses, and the CE-ESI-TOF-MS conditions including nebulizer gas pressure, the sheath-liquid composition, its flow rate, etc. were optimized. Eight main alkaloids in R. coptidis could be separated with baseline resolution by CE-DAD with these two different BGEs, and identified by TOF-MS analysis. Moreover, three major alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine) could be quantified accurately by CE-DAD and CE-MS with the BGE system consisting of 50:50 v/v water and ACN containing 50 mM ammonium acetate at pH 6.8. Both techniques provided similar LODs and could be applied with confidence within similar linear dynamic range. However, reproducibility and speed of analysis were better using CE-DAD. When the CE technique was compared with the RP-HPLC method, the CE-DAD and CE-MS methods provided greater efficiency and faster analysis speed, i.e., achieving baseline resolution for all the eight main basic compounds in less than 14 min. The CE method, as a viable alternative to HPLC, is suitable for use as a routine procedure for the rapid identification and quantification of basic compounds in herbal or natural product applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- QingDao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Standardization of Chinese Medicines, First Institute Oceanography of SOA, Qingdao, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang XM, Jin Y, Wang YP, Jin GW, Fu Q, Xiao YS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2033-44. [PMID: 18656880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Separation techniques with high efficiency and sensitive detection have been widely used for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). High-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis are commonly used to separate various components in TCMs. Ultraviolet detection, fluorescence detection, evaporative light-scattering detection, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance can be applied to separation techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCMs. The development of quality control for TCMs based on quantitative and qualitative analysis from 2000 to 2007 are reviewed; the fingerprint technique is also discussed due to its broad application in the quality control of TCMs. Prospects for further research based on our primary results are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-miao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hashi Y, Yao JG, Li YQ, Liu Y, Lin JM. On-Line Sample Treatment LC System for MS Compatibility. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
27
|
Chen J, Wang F, Liu J, Lee FSC, Wang X, Yang H. Analysis of alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch by accelerated solvent extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromatographic analysis with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry detections. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 613:184-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
28
|
18 Coupling CE and microchip-based devices with mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
29
|
12 CE in impurity profiling of drugs. CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS METHODS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Ren L, Xue X, Zhang F, Xu Q, Liang X. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of protoberberine alkaloids in medicine herbs. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:833-42. [PMID: 17536728 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RP-HPLC is the main method for the analysis of alkaloids. However, peak tailing is a problem that commonly occurs in the separation of alkaloids. In order to overcome this, three kinds of RP columns were compared for the analysis of protoberberine alkaloids in Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in this work. XTerra MS C18 column was the best one which gave the best symmetry factor under the same conditions. With this column, a good separation of the crude extracts of C. Rhizoma and P. Cortex was achieved using 0.1% v/v formic acid buffer and methanol as mobile phase. At the same time, the crude extracts of C. Rhizoma and P. Cortex were analyzed by the LC-ESI-MSn and LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MSn methods. In the analysis of HPLC-ESI/MSn, structures of five protoberberine alkaloids were elucidated, compared to authentic standards, and data from the literature. At the same time, the structure of a novel compound was elucidated. In the HPLC-APCI/ MSn analysis, there was an interesting phenomenon that the relative abundance of the ions M+ and [M + 2]+ was different for different alkaloids. The possible fragmentation pathways of protoberberine alkaloids in APCI/MS analysis were studied for the first time in the present work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ren
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weber HA, Zart MK, Ferguson SL, Greaves JG, Clark AP, Harris RK, Overstreet D, Smith C. SEPARATION AND QUANTITATION OF ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS OCCURRING IN GOLDENSEAL. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Weber
- a Midwest Research Institute , Kansas City, MO, 64110, U.S.A
| | - M. K. Zart
- a Midwest Research Institute , Kansas City, MO, 64110, U.S.A
| | - S. L. Ferguson
- a Midwest Research Institute , Kansas City, MO, 64110, U.S.A
| | - J. G. Greaves
- a Midwest Research Institute , Kansas City, MO, 64110, U.S.A
| | - A. P. Clark
- a Midwest Research Institute , Kansas City, MO, 64110, U.S.A
| | - R. K. Harris
- a Midwest Research Institute , Kansas City, MO, 64110, U.S.A
| | - D. Overstreet
- b National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2233, U.S.A
| | - C. Smith
- b National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2233, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chan CO, Chu CC, Mok DKW, Chau FT. Analysis of berberine and total alkaloid content in cortex phellodendri by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) compared with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-visible spectrometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 592:121-31. [PMID: 17512816 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper developed a rapid method using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to differentiate two species of cortex phellodendri (CP), cortex phellodendri chinensis (PCS) and cortex phellodendri amurensis (PAR), and to predict quantitatively the content of berberine and total alkaloid content in all cortex phellodendri samples. Three alkaloids, berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine were analyzed simultaneously with a Thermo ODS Hypersil column by gradient elution with a new mobile phase under high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Berberine content determined by HPLC-DAD was exploited as a critical parameter for successful discrimination between them. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), second derivative and Savitsky-Golay (S.G.) were utilized together to correct the scattering effect and eliminate the baseline shift in all near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra as well as to enhance spectral features in order to give a better correlation with the results obtained by HPLC-DAD. With the use of principal component analysis (PCA), samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to two species. Furthermore, a partial least squares (PLS) regression method was built on the correlation model. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the prediction models were R=0.996 for the berberine and R=0.994 for total alkaloid content. The influences of water absorption bands present in the NIR spectra on the models were also investigated in order to explore the practicability of NIRS in routine use. The outcome showed that NIRS possibly acts as routine screening in the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-On Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hua W, Ding L, Chen Y, Gong B, He J, Xu G. Determination of berberine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:931-7. [PMID: 17531424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method for the determination of berberine in human plasma using chlorobenzylidine as the internal standard (IS) has been developed and validated. The plasma samples were prepared by LLE and the analytes were chromatographically separated on a Hanbon Lichrospher 5-C18 HPLC column under gradient elution with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 10mm ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid. Berberine was determined with electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). LC-ESI-MS was performed in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode using target ions at M(+)m/z 336.1 for berberine and M(+)m/z 464.1 for the IS. Calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.020-3.0 ng/ml. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.020 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-run variability values were less than 6.7 and 7.7%, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to determine the plasma concentration of berberine in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shi Q, Yan S, Liang M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W. Simultaneous determination of eight components in Radix Tinosporae by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:994-9. [PMID: 17084577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) and diode array detection (DAD) was used to identify and simultaneously determine eight major ingredients in Radix Tinosporae. The assay was performed on a Diamonsil C(18) analytical column with a gradient solvent system of A (water containing 0.2% formic acid, 20mM ammonium acetate) and B (methanol/acetonitrile=1/1, v/v). The 217, 248, 270 and 347 nm, respectively, were chosen as the monitoring wavelengths to determine four structural types of components, say columbin, phytoecdysteroids (including 20-hydroxyecdysone, 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone), menisperine and protoberberine alkaloids (including columbamine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine). This method was validated in respect to precision, repeatability and accuracy, and was successfully applied to quantify the eight components in 39 batches of R. Tinosporae for quality control purpose. The results indicated that the proposed method could be readily utilized as a quality control method for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu H, Gao Y, Wang K, Hu Z. Determination of active components in Cynanchum chinense R. Br. by capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:451-4. [PMID: 16161182 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of 7-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-kaempferol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (GL) and 7-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-kaempferol-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (RH) in the traditional Chinese herb Cynanchum chinense R. Br. by capillary electrophoresis has been developed. With botate buffer (30 mmol/L, pH 9.50) as running buffer and an applied voltage of 20 kV, the compounds were completely separated within 6 min and detected at UV 254 nm. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves for GL and RH were 0.9990 and 0.9992, respectively, over the concentration ranges (15.0-1000.0 and 12.0-1000.0 microg/mL), and the recoveries were from 91.4 to 107.1%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu Y, Shao Q, Zhen Z, Cheng Y. Determination of quinolizidine alkaloids inSophora flavescens and its preparation using capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:446-50. [PMID: 16167304 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple and accurate capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the determination of four quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora flavescens and Kuhuang injection. Optimum separation of the analytes was obtained on a 65 cm x 75 microm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary using a aqueous buffer system of 60 mmol L(-1) sodium borate at pH 8.5, with applied voltage and capillary temperature of 12 kV and 25 degrees C, respectively. Detection wavelength was set at 204 nm and jatrorrhizine was used as the internal standard. Good linear relationships between peak-area ratios and concentrations of the analytes were observed over the concentration range 0.044-0.792 mg mL(-1) for matrine, 0.142-1.926 mg mL(-1) for oxymatrine, 0.0377-0.3393 mg mL(-1) for sophocarpine and 0.0664-1.062 mg mL(-1) for sophoridine. The recoveries of four alkaloids ranged between 93.08 and 101.4% with relative standard deviations from 0.7 to 9.2% (n = 6) as determined by standard addition. The limits of detection for four alkaloids were determined to be over the range 8.8-48.0 microg mL(-1). Contents of four alkaloids in Sophora flavescens and three alkaloids in Kuhuang injection were successfully determined under the optimum conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li HL, Zhang WD, Liu RH, Zhang C, Han T, Wang XW, Wang XL, Zhu JB, Chen CL. Simultaneous determination of four active alkaloids from a traditional Chinese medicine Corydalis saxicola Bunting. (Yanhuanglian) in plasma and urine samples by LC-MS-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 831:140-6. [PMID: 16356790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive rapid method for the simultaneous determination of four major active alkaloids (dehydrocavidine, coptisine, dehydroapocavidine, and tetradehydroscoulerine, in abbreviation thereafter called YHL-I, YHL-II, YHL-III, and YHL-IV, respectively) from a Chinese traditional medicine Corydalis saxicola Bunting. (Yanhuanglian) in rat plasma and urine was established and validated. The assay for these substances in plasma and urine was based on HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection using multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) with berberine and clenbuterol as internal standards. The plasma and urine sample were deproteinated by adding methanol prior to liquid chromatography where separation was performed on a Luna column (5 microm, 100 x 2.00 mm) and an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 guard column (5 microm, 20 x 4 mm). The method was validated with the concentration range 1-1000 ng/mL in plasma and 10-1000 ng/mL in urine for the four test compounds, and the calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients >0.999. The lowest limits of quantitation for all four substances were 1 ng/mL in 0.1 mL rat plasma and 10 ng/mL in 0.1 mL urine. The intra-assay accuracy and precision in plasma ranged from 88.1 to 115.7% and 1.4 to 10.8%, respectively, while inter-assay accuracy and precision for YHL-I, YHL-II, YHL-III, and YHL-IV ranged from 96.2 to 113.2% and 0.4 to 16.9%, respectively. The intra-assay accuracy and precision for YHL-I, YHL-II, YHL-III, and YHL-IV in rat urine ranged from 96.1 to 112.9% and 1.2 to 8.3%, respectively, while inter-assay accuracy and precision ranged from 95.0 to 106.8% and 2.2 to 10.3%, respectively. The method was further applied to assess pharmacokinetics and urine excretion of the four alkaloids after oral and intravenous administration to rats. Practical utility of this new LC-MS-MS method was confirmed in pilot pharmacokinetic studies in rats following both intravenous and oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Liang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Rd., Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Smyth WF. Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1334-57. [PMID: 15761915 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of applications for the period 2000-2004, taken from the Web of Knowledge database, of the technique capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) in drug analysis is presented. The review is concerned with molecules of mass less than 500 Da, chosen according to selected structural classes in which they give ESI signals primarily as [M+H](+) ions although other ions, such as [M-H](-), [M+Na](+), and [M+NH(4)](+), are also reported. These structural classes are drugs with amine-containing side chains, drugs with N-containing saturated ring structures, 1,4-benzodiazepines, other heterocyclic hypnotics, carbohydrates, sulphonylureas, anthracyclines, sulphonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, nitrocatechols, steroids, flavonoids/polyphenols, cannabinols, and miscellaneous molecules. Details are given on the fragmentations, where available, that these ionic species exhibit in-source and in ion-trap, triple quadrupole, and time of flight-mass spectrometers. The review gives a critical evaluation of these recent CE-ESI-MS analytical methods in drug analysis. Analytical information on, for example, sample concentration techniques, CE separation conditions, recoveries from biological media and limits of detection (LODs) are provided. Potential applications of CE-MS to particular drugs or drug classes are also briefly discussed in the text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Franklin Smyth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co Derry, Northern Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Simó C, Barbas C, Cifuentes A. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry in food analysis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1306-18. [PMID: 15761921 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work provides an updated overview (including works published till June 2004) on the principal applications of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) together with their main advantages and drawbacks in food science. Thus, analysis of amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, or polyphenols by CE-MS in different foods is reviewed. Also, other natural compounds (e.g., alkaloids) and toxins analyzed by CE-MS in foods are revised. Moreover, exogenous substances with a potential risk for human health (e.g., pesticides, drugs) detected in foods by CE-MS are included in this work. The usefulness of CE-MS for food analysis and the information that this coupling can provide in terms of processing, composition, authenticity, quality, or safety of foods is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simó
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao J, Yan W. Simultaneous determinations of paeonol and palmatine hydrochloride in Shangshi Aerosols by HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:571-5. [PMID: 15925262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid HPLC method was described for the simultaneous determination of paeonol and palmatine hydrochloride in Shangshi Aerosols. The optimum separation for these analytes was achieved using the mixture of 0.025 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile-diethylamine (64:35:1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and a Nova-Pak((R)) C8 column. The linear ranges of paeonol and palmatine hydrochloride were 0.2-80 and 0.06-60 microg/ml with the regression equations being Y=11716.4+2.96 x 10(6)X (R=0.99969), Y=-6388.8+1.89 x 10(5)X (R=0.99976), and limit of quantifications (LOQ) for paeonol and palmatine hydrochloride were 0.2 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively (n=6). Other validation parameters: intra-day precision (R.S.D.: 0.71-1.65%) and inter-day precision (R.S.D.: 0.89-2.11%), and reproducibility (recoveries values: 94.6-98.2% for paeonol, 94.85-97.58% for palmatine hydrochloride) were found to be satisfactory. The proposed HPLC method had been applied for the determination of paeonol and palmatine hydrochloride in Shangshi Aerosols; R.S.D. values were 1.45 and 1.13%, respectively. In short, this method was rapid and convenient, which could be used for the routine control of paeonol and palmatine hydrochloride in Shangshi Aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Unger M, Laug S, Holzgrabe U. Capillary zone electrophoresis as a tool for the quality control of goldenseal extracts. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2430-6. [PMID: 15912542 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The root extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) are popular phytomedicines for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and upper respiratory tract infections. Here we describe a simple and fast capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with ultraviolet detection at 225 nm for the quantification of the major goldenseal constituents, berberine and hydrastine, in herbal remedies containing goldenseal root extracts. Tritoqualine, an antihistaminic drug with a hydrastine-like phthalidisoquinoline structure, was applied as an internal standard. The running buffer was a 1:5 mixture of 500 mM ammonium acetate (adjusted to pH 3.4 with acetic acid) and methanol. Our newly developed CZE method was validated regarding limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy and precision. For both berberine and hydrastine, the LOD was 1.0 microg/mL and the linearity was obtained between 2.5 and 500 microg/mL. Using our newly developed method, both the alkaloids could be analysed in herbal remedies containing goldenseal root extracts within 8 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Unger
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huck CW, Stecher G, Scherz H, Bonn G. Analysis of drugs, natural and bioactive compounds containing phenolic groups by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1319-33. [PMID: 15776479 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of phenolic compounds and its latest developments. Special attention is paid to the different interfaces. The instrumental setups are discussed and demonstrated in a high number of real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu W, Song F, Yan C, Liu Z, Liu S. Structural analyses of protoberberine alkaloids in medicine herbs by using ESI–FT-ICR-MS and HPLC–ESI–MSn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:437-46. [PMID: 15740901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/13/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) using sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI)/collision-induced dissociation (CID) method at high mass resolution has been first applied to investigate the characteristic fragment ions of four protoberberine alkaloids in medicine herbs. The ESI-FT-ICR SORI-CID experiment results demonstrate that the unambiguous elemental composition of fragment ions can be obtained at high mass resolution, then the logical fragmentation pathways of the protoberberine alkaloids has been proposed. The characteristic fragment ions of CID and MS(n) of protoberberine alkaloids have been discussed, which are specific and useful for the identification of some protoberberine alkaloid compounds. Then, the extracts of four kinds of medicine herbs have been analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS(n). According to these characteristic fragmentation pathways, the retention time (t(R)) of HPLC and mass spectra of product ion, the structures of six kinds of protoberberine alkaloids have been identified. And, in the present paper, the selected ion monitoring (SIM) method has been used to separate and identify the alkaloid isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Laboratory of New Drug Research and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wen HG, Lin SY, Jia L, Guo XK, Chen XG, Hu ZD. Analysis of protoberberine alkaloids in several herbal drugs and related medicinal preparations by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:92-7. [PMID: 15688637 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, reproducible, and universal non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis method has been developed for the separation and determination of three major active protoberberine alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine within 7 min. The effects of the concentrations of acetic acid and electrolyte, the ratio of organic solvent, and the applied voltage on the separation were investigated. The optimum running buffer was composed of 50 mM ammonium acetate, 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid, and 10% (v/v) acetonitrile in methanol. The applied voltage was 18 kV. The analytes were detected by UV at 214 nm. The linearities between peak areas and the concentrations of the analytes were also investigated, and they exhibit excellent linear behavior over the concentration ranges (correlation coefficients: 0.9975-0.9986). The method was successfully applied to determine the three alkaloids in several families of herbal drugs (Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Berberidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Herba Chelidonii, Caulis Mahoniae) and their relevant medicinal preparations for the first time, and the recoveries of the three constituents ranged between 95.6-103.2% for berberine, 97.5-103.3% for palmatine, and 96.1 -103.6% for jatrorrhizine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang D, Liu Z, Guo M, Liu S. Structural elucidation and identification of alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2004; 39:1356-1365. [PMID: 15532075 DOI: 10.1002/jms.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple, convenient, sensitive and accurate analytical methods are needed for the structural characterization and identification of alkaloid components in Rhizoma Coptidis in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has important bioactivity. In this work, the identification of alkaloid compounds in Rhizoma Coptidis was investigated by obtaining molecular mass information using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Multi-stage tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS(n)) data for the alkaloid compounds were used for detailed structural characterization, then structure information was obtained by comparison of the fragmentation mechanisms of both alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis and standard samples of berberine, palmatine, coptisine and jatrorrhizine by MS. Based on the results obtained, the structure of a novel compound was elucidated. The results of the experiments demonstrate that ESI-MS(n) is a sensitive, selective and effective tool for the rapid determination of alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daowu Wang
- Laboratory of New Drug Research and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Optical sensor for berberine utilizing its intrinsic fluorescence enhanced by the formation of inclusion complex with butylated-β-cyclodextrin. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [PMCID: PMC7134608 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Yeboah FK, Konishi Y. Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules: Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Natural Health Products. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120026571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
48
|
Lau AJ, Holmes MJ, Woo SO, Koh HL. Analysis of adulterants in a traditional herbal medicinal product using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:401-6. [PMID: 12609680 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adulterations with synthetic drugs are common problems with herbal medicine and this can potentially cause serious adverse effects. It is therefore important to determine the presence of synthetic drugs in herbal medicine to ensure patients' safety. The objective of this study was to develop sensitive and specific methods to analyse phenylbutazone, caffeine and oxyphenbutazone present in a traditional Indonesian herbal product. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods in the selected reaction-monitoring (SRM) mode were developed. It was found that the sample contained 0.53% w/w (n=3, RSD=7.56%) phenylbutazone and 0.04% w/w (n=3, RSD=8.39%) caffeine. This corresponded to 43.17 mg phenylbutazone and 3.23 mg caffeine in each sachet of powder. The methods were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD and LOQ. LOD and LOQ were found to be 3.69 and 12.29 ng/ml, respectively for phenylbutazone. For caffeine, the LOD and LOQ were 0.84 and 2.80 ng/ml, respectively. Oxyphenbutazone in the sample was found to be present at a level below the quantification level of 10.2 ng/ml. With better methods developed for analysis of adulterants in herbal medicine, the quality and safety of these medicines can be better controlled and regulated to ensure patients' safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aik-Jiang Lau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Feng HT, Li SFY. Determination of five toxic alkaloids in two common herbal medicines with capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2002; 973:243-7. [PMID: 12437185 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for the determination of five highly toxic alkaloids in two commonly used herbal medicines by capillary electrophoresis, which had not been applied to the determination of Aconitum alkaloids before. The buffer contained 40 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% acetic acid in 80% methanol. Five alkaloids can be determined in 15 min by a single run. The calibration curves showed a linear range from 2 to 200 mg/l for these alkaloids with correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.9988 and 0.9999. Detection limits (SIN = 3) varied from 0.85 to 1.90 mg/l. Recoveries ranged from 95 to 108.8%. The method can provide an effective tool for the strict control of these fetal herbal medicine components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cai Z, Lee FSC, Wang XR, Yu WJ. A capsule review of recent studies on the application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese medicinal herbs. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:1013-1024. [PMID: 12375275 DOI: 10.1002/jms.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide as an alternative approach to the development of pharmaceuticals in therapeutic applications. Chemical characterization and compositional analysis of Chinese medicines provide the necessary scientific basis for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. Applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines have been growing rapidly in recent years owing to the rapid technical advances and increasing availability of the instrumentation. This paper reviews the current status of how different mass spectrometric techniques are being used to support research studies of Chinese medicines. The focus is on crude herbal medicines and their derived products. The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a general overview of the various research activities in this rapidly expanding field. In the discussion of specific herbs, the emphasis is placed on ginseng and Danshen, two of the herbs for which active experimental work is on-going in the authors' laboratories. Other selected herbs will be discussed only briefly, aiming primarily to illustrate the current status of research in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloong Tang, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|