1
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Pauly LAM, Junginger J, Oechtering GU, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Rösch S. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, survivin, E-cadherin and Ki-67 in canine nasal carcinomas and sarcomas - a pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1388493. [PMID: 39268521 PMCID: PMC11391428 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant (intra-) nasal tumors (NTs) are the most common cause of chronic nasal discharge in dogs. Besides radiation therapy, palliative therapy is necessary in some dogs. Therefore, studies on receptor expression have supported the utility of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in dogs with nasal carcinomas. However, studies on receptor expression in nasal sarcomas are lacking. Materials and methods This study evaluated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2), Ki-67, survivin and E-cadherin in nasal carcinomas and sarcomas and compared it with tumor (T) categories based on computed tomography (CT). Results In 26 dogs with NTs, cross sectional imaging and upper airway endoscopy with guided biopsy collection were performed, followed by histopathological examination of NTs, revealing 19 epithelial and 7 mesenchymal tumors. While EGFR and E-cadherin were only expressed by carcinomas, the following markers were expressed by both carcinomas and sarcomas without significant differences between tumor types and T-categories: VEGFR-2 (carcinomas and sarcomas 100%), COX-2 (carcinomas 63%, sarcomas 57%), survivin (carcinomas 100%, sarcomas 86%) and Ki-67 (median expression of 28.5% in carcinomas and 17.3% in sarcomas). Conclusion Based on similarities in marker expression between canine carcinomas and sarcomas, clinical studies should further elucidate the use of TKI or COX-2 inhibitors as additional therapy in dogs with nasal sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljuba Anna Maria Pauly
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Small Animal Department, Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Junginger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering
- Small Animal Department, Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Rösch
- Small Animal Department, Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Vielmo A, Santos IR, Piva MM, Bandinelli MB, Pavarini SP, Panziera W, Driemeier D. Histological and immunohistochemical features of carcinomas with pulmonary involvement in cattle. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:179-189. [PMID: 37638494 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231192373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary pulmonary neoplasms in cattle are rare. There are few studies on the pathological findings of these neoplasms in this species. This study aimed to describe the histological and immunohistochemical findings of primary and metastatic pulmonary carcinomas in cattle. We conducted a retrospective study of 19 cases of epithelial neoplasms with pulmonary involvement. Histologically, most of the neoplasms were classified as primary pulmonary neoplasms, including different adenocarcinoma subtypes (4/19, 21%) and adenosquamous carcinomas (3/19, 16%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6/19, 32%), metastatic uterine adenocarcinoma (4/19, 21%), metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (1/19, 5%), and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (1/19, 5%). By immunohistochemistry, all neoplasms were positive for pancytokeratin, and 4/19 (21%) were positive for vimentin. Primary pulmonary neoplasms had immunoreactivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 (6/7), while only 2 of these cases were positive for napsin A. All cases with squamous differentiation (9/9) had immunoreactivity for cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, while only 7 of these cases were positive for p40. CK20, CK7, and CK8/18 showed varied immunoreactivity in the primary and metastatic pulmonary carcinomas but were important markers to confirm the diagnosis of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. HepPar-1 was only positive in the metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The limited number of cases of metastatic uterine adenocarcinomas in this study precluded identification of a specific immunophenotype for this tumor. Immunohistochemistry proved to be an important tool to confirm the proper classification of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Vielmo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Welden Panziera
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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3
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de Brot S, Lothion-Roy J, Grau-Roma L, White E, Guscetti F, Rubin MA, Mongan NP. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of canine prostate carcinoma with identification of common intraductal carcinoma component. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:38-49. [PMID: 33963663 PMCID: PMC9292867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP‐inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emily White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Khodamoradi P, Amniattalab A, Alizadeh S. Overexpression of GDNF and FGF-1 in Canine Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Evidence for a Pathogenetic Role of Neural Growth Factor. J Comp Pathol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Khodamoradi P, Amniattalab A, Alizadeh S. Overexpression of GDNF and FGF-1 in Canine Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Evidence for a Pathogenetic Role of Neural Growth Factor. J Comp Pathol 2021; 182:43-53. [PMID: 33494907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in aged dogs, but the pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. A total of 33 male Iranian dogs of mixed breed and in three age groups (under 3 years [n = 10]; 3-6 years [n = 15]; over 6 years [n = 8]), were investigated. BPH was confirmed by ultrasonography and histopathology in 13 cases. The highest prevalence of BPH was in the 3-6 years age group (8/15; 53.3%). Examination of sections of prostate that had been stained with Masson's trichrome revealed that the intensity of stromal smooth muscle cell staining (P <0.05) and the number of fibroblasts (P = 0.002) were significantly increased in BPH compared with normal prostate glands. Prostate cells from dogs with BPH (n = 13) had a significantly higher intensity of cytoplasmic immunolabelling with antibodies against glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, vimentin, fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), compared with normal prostate glands (n = 20) (P = 0.001), except for PSA, which was negative in both normal and BPH affected prostates. The overexpression of GDNF and FGF-1 in stromal and epithelial cells of prostate glands of dogs with BPH suggests that GDNF has a paracrine or autocrine role in stimulating cellular proliferation. GDNF overexpression may also play a pathogenetic role in promoting chronic prostatitis and increasing fibrosis and the smooth muscle component of the prostate gland in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Khodamoradi
- Department of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Amniattalab
- Department of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Siamak Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
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6
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Suárez‐Santana CM, Fernández A, Sierra E, Arbelo M, Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Andrada M, Mompeo B, Pérez L, Blanco A, Méndez A, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Rivero MA. Comparative morphology, histology, and cytology of odontocete cetaceans prostates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2036-2053. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M. Suárez‐Santana
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Eva Sierra
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Blanca Mompeo
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary and Medicine SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Lilian Pérez
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary and Medicine SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Unit of Veterinary Histology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Aniceto Méndez
- Unit of Veterinary Histology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rivero
- Division of Histology and Animal PathologyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Security, Veterinary SchoolUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
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7
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Moore AR, Coffey E, Leavell SE, Krafsur G, Duncan C, Dowers K, Santangelo KS. Canine bicavitary carcinomatosis with transient needle tract metastasis diagnosed by multiplex immunocytochemistry. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:495-500. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Emily Coffey
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Sarah E. Leavell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Greta Krafsur
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Colleen Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Kristy Dowers
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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8
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Rivera-Calderón LG, Fonseca-Alves CE, Kobayashi PE, Carvalho M, Drigo SA, de Oliveira Vasconcelos R, Laufer-Amorim R. Alterations in PTEN, MDM2, TP53 and AR protein and gene expression are associated with canine prostate carcinogenesis. Res Vet Sci 2016; 106:56-61. [PMID: 27234536 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The PTEN, AR, MDM2 and p53 protein network plays a central role in the development of many human cancers, thus eliciting the development of targeted cancer therapeutics. Dogs spontaneously develop tumours, and they are considered a good model for comparative oncology initiatives. Due to the limited information on these proteins in canine tumours, this study aimed to investigate gene and protein alterations in PTEN, AR, MDM2 and p53 in canine prostate cancer (PC). Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (15 normal, 22 proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and 19 PC samples) and Western blotting (2 normal prostate tissue, 2 BPH, 2 PIA samples and 2 PC samples) and gene expression by RT-qPCR (10 normal, 10 PIA and 15 PC samples) of formalin-fixed tissue. We identified nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of PTEN and p53 in all samples, with only nuclear staining found for MDM2 and AR. Our results revealed high expression of MDM2 in PC and PIA samples compared to normal samples, whereas PTEN, P53 and AR expression was down-regulated in PC compared to normal tissue. All tumour samples (n=19) showed loss of nuclear PTEN expression, and all cancer mimickers showed positive nuclear staining. Therefore, nuclear PTEN staining could be a good diagnostic marker for differentiating between malignant lesions and mimickers. Canine prostate carcinogenesis involves increased expression of MDM2 in association with decreased expression of PTEN, p53 and AR, such as occurs in hormone refractory PC in men. Thus, dogs may be an important model for studying advanced stage PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Emiko Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Aparecida Drigo
- Department of Urology, Botucatu Medical School - FMB, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Akter SH, Lean FZX, Lu J, Grieco V, Palmieri C. Different Growth Patterns of Canine Prostatic Carcinoma Suggests Different Models of Tumor-Initiating Cells. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:1027-33. [PMID: 25755134 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815574008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Controversies remain regarding the cell type from which human prostate cancer originates, and many attempts have been made to identify the cellular origin of canine prostate cancer but without definitive proof. This study aims to evaluate the expression of luminal (androgen receptor [AR], cytokeratin [CK]8/18) and basal (CK14, CK5) cell markers in different histologic subtypes of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC) and to suggest the most likely tumor-initiating cells. Normal prostates (n = 8) were characterized by AR+CK8/18+ luminal cells and few CK5+ basal cells, while CK14 was absent. Similar pattern was observed in all 35 prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia, except few scattered CK14+ basal cells in 13 samples (37.14%). AR was localized in the nucleus of both normal and hyperplastic cells. In 34 samples of PC, the following growth patterns were identified: cribriform (44.12%), solid (32.35%), small acinar/ductal (20.59%), and micropapillary (2.94%). Most PCs expressed AR and CK8/18, while CK5 and CK14 expression was observed in 25% and 20% of cases, respectively. AR revealed a variable intracellular distribution, both nuclear and cytoplasmic. Solid PC was characterized by an undifferentiated or aberrant phenotype with a reduced expression of AR and CK8/18, increased number of CK14+ cells, and 7 antigen expression patterns. This study demonstrated a predominance of differentiated luminal cell types in canine prostatic tumors, although the role of basal cells in prostate carcinogenesis should also be considered. Moreover, few scattered CK5+ cells in AR+CK8/18+ tumors identified the existence of intermediate cells, from which neoplastic transformation may alternatively commence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Akter
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - F Z X Lean
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Lu
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Kobayashi PE, Rivera-Calderón LG, Laufer-Amorim R. Evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in canine prostate cancer metastasis. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:176-81. [PMID: 25796368 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental event responsible for the invasiveness and metastasis of epithelial tumours. The EMT has been described in many human cancers, but there are few reports of this phenomenon in veterinary oncology. Due to the importance of this process, the current study evaluated mesenchymal and epithelial marker protein expression in prostate lesions from dogs. Our results indicate both a loss of E-cadherin and translocation of β-catenin from the membrane to the cytoplasm and nucleus in the tumour group. Vimentin expression in the tumour group was higher than in normal tissue. All of the metastases were positive for prostate-specific antigen, pan-cytokeratin and E-cadherin, although fewer positive cells were present than in the primary tumours. The immunohistochemical results showed a loss of epithelial markers and a gain of a mesenchymal marker among metastatic cells, suggesting that the EMT occurs during the metastatic process of canine prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Emiko Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Gabriel Rivera-Calderón
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Yoshida K, Choisunirachon N, Saito T, Matsumoto K, Saeki K, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T. Hepatocyte growth factor-induced up-regulation of Twist drives epithelial–mesenchymal transition in a canine mammary tumour cell line. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:521-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Lean FZX, Kontos S, Palmieri C. Expression of β-catenin and mesenchymal markers in canine prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:373-81. [PMID: 24529514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin is a nuclear signalling molecule that is associated with human prostatic neoplasia and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The present study evaluates immunohistochemically the expression of β-catenin and the mesenchymal markers vimentin, desmin, calponin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in four normal canine prostates and prostate samples from 15 dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and six with prostatic carcinoma (PC). β-catenin was located on the membrane of normal epithelial cells, while the same marker had both cytoplasmic and membrane expression in hyperplastic cells and a nuclear redistribution in PC. Vimentin-positive luminal cells were observed in two of the 15 cases of BPH and in all PC samples, suggesting the conversion of neoplastic epithelial cells to a mesenchymal type. SMA was consistently negative in PC, but there was mild desmin and calponin immunoreactivity in these lesions. As in men, β-catenin is involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis, thus further validating the use of this animal model to study human prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z X Lean
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Kontos
- Hellenic Veterinary Laboratories S.A., 20th Km Leoforos Lavriou, 19002 Paiania Attikis, Greece
| | - C Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
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13
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Colledge SL, Raskin RE, Messick JB, Tiffany Reed L, Wigle WL, Balog KA. Multiple joint metastasis of a transitional cell carcinoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:216-20. [PMID: 23614784 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Colledge
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette; IN; USA
| | - Rose E. Raskin
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette; IN; USA
| | - Joanne B. Messick
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette; IN; USA
| | | | | | - Kelley A. Balog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette; IN; USA
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14
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Burgess HJ, Kerr ME. Cytokeratin and vimentin co-expression in 21 canine primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 21:815-20. [PMID: 19901281 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin has been traditionally associated with a few select tumors. However, this phenomenon is being recognized in a wider range of tumors. Twenty-one canine primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms were evaluated for the co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin. The histologic pattern and grade, and an immunohistochemical grade for cytokeratin and vimentin staining, were determined for each neoplasm. Adenocarcinomas predominated, and histologically, most tumors were grade II. All of the neoplasms stained positive for cytokeratin, while only 8 (38%) stained positive for both vimentin and cytokeratin. Papillary adenocarcinomas were consistently vimentin negative. The anaplastic histologic pattern had significantly more vimentin staining than the other histologic patterns. There was no significant difference in histologic grade or grading criteria between those tumors that stained with vimentin and those that did not. The present study established that cytokeratin and vimentin co-expression occurs in canine primary pulmonary epithelial tumors at a similar frequency to human pulmonary neoplasms. Further investigation will be needed to characterize the significance of this finding, particularly with respect to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Burgess
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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15
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Matsuzaki P, Cogliati B, Sanches DS, Chaible LM, Kimura KC, Silva TC, Real-Lima MA, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Laufer-Amorim R, Dagli MLZ. Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Comp Pathol 2009; 142:84-8. [PMID: 19643431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of prostate cancer is believed to be a multistep process, progressing sequentially from normal epithelium, to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and, finally, to invasive neoplasia. Malignant stem cells within the basal cell layer of the prostatic epithelium are believed to play an important role in the failure of androgen-ablation therapy that occurs in the most advanced form of prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically characterize the lesions of canine PIN. Prostatic tissue from five dogs with PIN was compared with normal prostate tissue from nine further dogs. There was an increase in the number of basal epithelial cells in lesions consistent with PIN as defined by expression of the nuclear protein p63. These lesions had elevated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and heterogeneous labelling for the nuclear androgen receptor (AR). These findings suggest that the basal cells present in PIN may play a role in canine prostate carcinogenesis and that the proliferation of these cells occurs despite the heterogeneous expression of the AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, Brazil
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Lai CL, van den Ham R, van Leenders G, van der Lugt J, Mol JA, Teske E. Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostate cancer. Prostate 2008; 68:477-88. [PMID: 18196537 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we try to identify the origin of canine prostate cancer (cPC) by classifying the tumors histological subtypes and relate these subtypes to their combined expressional characteristics of several tissue specific and differentiation markers. METHODS cPCs were examined histomorphologically and by immunohistochemical detection of the cytokeratin markers CK14, HMWCK, CK5, CK18, and CK7, and of the markers UPIII, PSA and PSMA. RESULTS Histopathologically, six growth patterns could be differentiated. The most frequent patterns were solid, cribriform and micropapillary growth patterns, while sarcomatoid, small acinar/ductal, and tubulo-papillary growth patterns were less frequent present. Solid growth patterns were significantly (P = 0.027) more often seen in castrated dogs. Immunohistochemically, about half of the cPC cases showed expression of PSA (8/20) and PSMA (10/20); 85% and 60% of the cPC expressed UPIII (17/20) and CK7 (12/20), while 13 and 12 cPC expressed CK5 and CK14, respectively; all cPC expressed CK18. CK14 was significantly more often and UPIII less frequent expressed in the solid growth patterns than in the micropapillary and cribriform patterns, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Canine prostate cancer appear to be more aggressive and of a less differentiated type than most common human prostate cancers. Comparing the expression patterns of the markers in cPC to those in normal canine prostate tissue, cPC most likely originates from the collecting ducts rather than from the peripheral acini. Given also the fact that canine prostate cancer is unresponsive to androgen withdrawal therapy, canine prostate cancer mostly resembles human, androgen refractory, poorly differentiated prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Li Lai
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Lai CL, van den Ham R, van Leenders G, van der Lugt J, Teske E. Comparative characterization of the canine normal prostate in intact and castrated animals. Prostate 2008; 68:498-507. [PMID: 18213634 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate diseases in the dog are generally regarded as representative for their human counterparts. We characterized the normal canine prostate in comparison to the normal human prostate. METHODS Prostates of dogs were examined histomorphologically and by immunohistochemical detection of the markers CK14, HMWCK, CK5, CK18, CK7, UPIII, PSA, and PSMA. RESULTS Histomorphologically, the canine prostate lacks the human zonal differentiation, has much more prominent acini, while comprising less stromal tissue. In general, the canine prostate epithelium displayed a highly differentiated character, with no cells expressing CK14, minimal amounts of cells expressing HMWCK/CK5 and the vast majority of cells expressing CK18 and PSA. After castration, the prostate epithelium regressed, and the remaining tubules were largely populated by cells showing a ductal phenotype (HMWCK+/CK5+/CK18+/CK7+). CONCLUSIONS The human and canine prostate are histologically differently organized. The general scheme of cellular differentiation of the prostate epithelium may however be applicable to both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Li Lai
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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18
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Shukla CJ, Pennington CJ, Riddick ACP, Sethia KK, Ball RY, Edwards DRW. Laser-capture microdissection in prostate cancer research: establishment and validation of a powerful tool for the assessment of tumour-stroma interactions. BJU Int 2008; 101:765-74. [PMID: 18190638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe our experience with the optimization and validation of laser-capture microdissection (LCM) for biomarker analysis in prostate tissues. As LCM allows the separation of benign and malignant epithelial structures and stromal elements, it not only allows identification of the source of the biomarker, but might also accentuate gene or protein expression changes by reducing contamination by other cellular elements. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 19 fresh-frozen prostate tissue samples were subjected to LCM, with the cDNA being analysed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for several genes, to identify the optimum number of cells for capture, as well as gene markers assessing for the purity of the captured cells. The localization was further confirmed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cytokeratin 8, were expressed solely by epithelial cells, whereas hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) were expressed only by stromal cells, and the levels of transcripts of these genes were unaltered between benign and malignant tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PSA, cytokeratin 8, HGF and TIMP3 are reliable gene markers of purity of epithelial and stromal compartments for LCM of prostate tumours. Although this technique is not new and is increasingly used in laboratories, it needs optimization and stringent validation criteria before data analysis. This applies to all tissue types subjected to LCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitranjan J Shukla
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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19
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Bryan JN, Keeler MR, Henry CJ, Bryan ME, Hahn AW, Caldwell CW. A population study of neutering status as a risk factor for canine prostate cancer. Prostate 2007; 67:1174-81. [PMID: 17516571 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer has been reported to occur more commonly in neutered than intact male dogs in several case series. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk of prostate cancer in a large population database. The hypothesis was that castration is a risk factor for prostate cancer in male companion dogs. METHODS Data were derived from recorded visits to North American veterinary teaching hospitals. The Veterinary Medical Databases (VMDB) were queried to yield male dogs with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), prostate adenocarcinoma (ACA), prostate TCC, prostate carcinoma (CA), and prostate tumors. A second query yielded all male dogs over the age of 4 years without a diagnosis of urinary tract cancer. These populations were compared to determine relative risks for developing each disease, singly and collectively, associated with neutering status. Odds ratios were calculated for breed as a risk factor. RESULTS Neutered males had a significantly increased risk for each form of cancer. Neutered males had an odds ratio of 3.56 (3.02-4.21) for urinary bladder TCC, 8.00 (5.60-11.42) for prostate TCC, 2.12 (1.80-2.49) for prostate adenocarcinoma, 3.86 (3.13-4.16) for prostate carcinoma, and 2.84 (2.57-3.14) for all prostate cancers. Relative risks were highly similar when cases were limited to those with a histologically confirmed diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Breed predisposition suggests that genetic factors play a role in the development of prostate cancer. The risk associated with being neutered is highest for TCC, supporting previous work identifying the urothelium and ductular rather than acinar epithelium as the source of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Grieco V, Riccardi E, Rondena M, Romussi S, Stefanello D, Finazzi M. The distribution of oestrogen receptors in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostate, as demonstrated immunohistochemically. J Comp Pathol 2006; 135:11-6. [PMID: 16815431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of oestrogens and their receptors (ERs) in prostatic growth and differentiation and in the progression of prostatic carcinoma has been well investigated in human medicine. In dogs, however, available reports on the expression of ERs in normal, hyperplastic or neoplastic prostates are few and controversial, or completely lacking. Three normal, three hyperplastic and nine neoplastic canine prostates were examined histologically, and immunohistochemically with a polyclonal antibody directed against human ERs. Evaluation of the percentage of immunolabelled cells was performed by digital image analysis. The study showed that ERs were expressed in the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostates. All nuclei in normal and hyperplastic prostates were strongly and homogeneously immunolabelled by the antibody used. However, the percentages of immunolabelled nuclei in the nine prostatic carcinomas were greatly reduced, ranging from 36.34% to 66.73%. The severe loss of ER expression in canine prostatic carcinomas may account for the relative lack of differentiation of these tumours in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grieco
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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