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Brycht M, Poltorak L, Baluchová S, Sipa K, Borgul P, Rudnicki K, Skrzypek S. Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:1017-1108. [PMID: 35968923 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is most frequently treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs) that are hazardous to patients undergoing chemotherapy and the healthcare workers who handle ANAs in the course of their duties. All aspects related to hazardous oncological drugs illustrate that the monitoring of ANAs is essential to minimize the risks associated with these drugs. Among all analytical techniques used to test ANAs, electrochemistry holds an important position. This review, for the first time, comprehensively describes the progress done in electrochemistry of ANAs by means of a variety of bare or modified (bio)sensors over the last four decades (in the period of 1982-2021). Attention is paid not only to the development of electrochemical sensing protocols of ANAs in various biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical matrices but also to achievements of electrochemical techniques in the examination of the interactions of ANAs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), carcinogenic cells, biomimetic membranes, peptides, and enzymes. Other aspects, including the enantiopurity studies, differentiation between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA without using any label or tag, studies on ANAs degradation, and their pharmacokinetics, by means of electrochemical techniques are also commented. Finally, concluding remarks that underline the existence of a significant niche for the basic electrochemical research that should be filled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Brycht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2, Czechia
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Sipa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Borgul
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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2
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Gan C, Liu P. Adsorption behavior of anticancer drug on the aluminum nitride surface: Density functional theory evolution. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1966428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changyin Gan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Science & Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Yuksel N, Fellah MF. Host–guest complex properties of calix[4]arene derivatives: a DFT study of adsorption and sensing of an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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Wang C, Shen L, Wu L. Adsorption and sensing of an anticancer drug on the boron nitride nanocones; a computational inspection. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:151-160. [PMID: 32909473 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1815716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The electrical response of boron nitride nanocones (BNNCs) to 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) drug was investigated by first-principle density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption of 5FU causes a significant decrease in the BNNCs HOMO-LUMO gap (from 4.60 to 3.39 eV), thereby, the electrical conductivity has also increased. It indicates that the BNNCs could be an appropriate candidate for 5FU detection and may be used in the electronic sensors. Furthermore, the work function of BNNCs is influenced by the 5FU adsorption and the work function of BNNCs is reduce about 18.99%, it could also be a work function based sensor for the detection of 5FU. The BNNCs have also the advantage of short recovery time about 4.25 ms for desorption of 5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhen Shen
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- College of Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Song H, Gao J, Wu L. Fluorouracil drug sensing characteristics of pristine and Al-doped BC3 nanosheets: Quantum chemical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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New reductant-free synthesis of gold nanoparticles-doped chitosan-based semi-IPN nanogel: A robust nanoreactor for exclusively sensitive 5-fluorouracil sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Abdelshafi NA, Bell J, Rurack K, Schneider RJ. Microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the trace analysis of cocaine in water and body fluids. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:492-500. [PMID: 30286276 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quick but accurate testing and on-the-spot monitoring of cocaine in oral fluids and urine continues to be an important toxicological issue. In terms of drug testing, a number of devices have been introduced into the market in recent decades, notably for workplace inspection or roadside testing. However, these systems do not always fulfill the requirements in terms of reliability, especially when low cut-off levels are required. With respect to surface water, the presence of anthropogenic small organic molecules such as prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals as well as illicit drugs like cannabinoids, heroin, or cocaine, has become a challenge for scientists to develop new analytical tools for screening and on-site analysis because many of them serve as markers for anthropogenic input and consumer behavior. Here, a modular approach for the detection of cocaine is presented, integrating an electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on antibody-grafted magnetic beads in a hybrid microfluidic sensor utilizing flexible tubing, static chip and screen-printed electrode (SPE) elements for incubation, recognition, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. A linear response of the sensor vs. the logarithm of cocaine concentration was obtained with a limit of detection of 0.15 ng/L. Within an overall assay time of 25 minutes, concentrations down to 1 ng/L could be reliably determined in water, oral fluids, and urine, the system possessing a dynamic working range up to 1 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla A Abdelshafi
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérémy Bell
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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Graphene oxides/multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid-modified carbon electrodes for fast and sensitive voltammetric determination of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil in spiked human plasma samples. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Šelešovská R, Janíková L, Štěpánková M, Chýlková J. Copper solid amalgam electrode as a simple and sensitive tool for voltammetric determination of the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil in pharmaceuticals. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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de Holanda LF, Ribeiro FWP, Sousa CP, da Silva Casciano PN, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes–cobalt phthalocyanine modified electrode for electroanalytical determination of acetaminophen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ribeiro FWP, de Souza Lucas FW, Mascaro LH, Morais S, da Silva Casciano PN, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN. Electroanalysis of formetanate hydrochloride by a cobalt phthalocyanine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode: characterization and application in fruits. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Biopolymer Stabilized Nanogold Particles on Carbon Nanotube Support as Sensing Platform for Electrochemical Detection of 5-Fluorouracil in-vitro. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Structural, morphological and biological investigations of some transition metal–5-Fluorouracil–amino acid mixed ligand complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Pattar VP, Nandibewoor ST. Electroanalytical method for the determination of 5-fluorouracil using a reduced graphene oxide/chitosan modified sensor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a chemically reduced graphene oxide and chitosan (CRGO/CS) composite film was constructed and used to determine 5-fluorouracil using cyclic, staircase and square wave voltammetric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P. Pattar
- P. G. Department of Studies in Chemistry
- Karnatak University
- Dharwad-580003
- India
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15
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Ribeiro FW, Mendonça GL, Soares JE, Freire VN, De Souza D, Casciano PN, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN. Exploiting the Reduction of Haloperidol: Electrochemical and Computational Studies Using Silver Amalgam and HMDE Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Ribeiro FW, Oliveira TM, da Silva FL, Mendonça GL, Homem-de-Mello P, Becker H, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN, Freire VN. Sensitive voltammetric responses and mechanistic insights into the determination of residue levels of endosulfan in fresh foodstuffs and raw natural waters. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Gui R, Wan A, Jin H. Retracted Article: Facile synthesis of quantum dots/mesoporous silica/quantum dots core/shell/shell hybrid microspheres for ratiometric fluorescence detection of 5-fluorouracil in human serum. Analyst 2013; 138:5956-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots/mesoporous silica/quantum dots core/shell/shell microspheres were developed toward the ratiometric fluorescence detection of 5-fluorouracil in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P.R. China
| | - Ajun Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P.R. China
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Skrzypek S, Smarzewska S, Ciesielski W. Determination of Blasticidin S in Spiked Rice Using SW Voltammetry with a Renewable Silver Amalgam Film Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Mirčeski V, Guziejewski D, Ciesielski W. Theoretical Treatment of a Cathodic Stripping Mechanism of an Insoluble Salt Coupled with a Chemical Reaction in Conditions of Square Wave Voltammetry. Application to 6-Mercaptopurine-9-D-Riboside in the Presence of Ni(II). ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Tesio AY, Granero AM, Fernández H, Zón MA. Characterization of the surface redox process of adsorbed morin at glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Ribeiro FW, Soares JE, Becker H, De Souza D, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN. Electrochemical mechanism and kinetics studies of haloperidol and its assay in commercial formulations. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Ramírez EA, Zón MA, Ulloa PAJ, Squella JA, Vergara LN, Fernández H. Adsorption of ochratoxin A (OTA) anodic oxidation product on glassy carbon electrodes in highly acidic reaction media: Its thermodynamic and kinetics characterization. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Prasad BB, Tiwari K, Singh M, Sharma PS, Patel AK, Srivastava S. Ultratrace analysis of uracil and 5-fluorouracil by molecularly imprinted polymer brushes grafted to silylated solid-phase microextraction fiber in combination with complementary molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:499-509. [PMID: 19101922 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Main inborn errors of metabolism diagnosable through uracil (Ura) analysis and the therapeutic monitoring of toxic 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in dihydro pyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficient patients require a sensitive, reproducible, selective and accurate method. In this work, an artificial receptor in the format of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) brush 'grafted to' the surface of sol-gel immobilized on cost-effective homemade solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, individually imprinted with either of Ura and 5FU, was used in combination with a voltammetric sensor duly modified with the same MIP. This combination provided up to 10- and 8.4-fold preconcentrations of Ura and 5FU, respectively, which was more than sufficient for achieving stringent detection limits in the primitive diagnosis of uracil disorders and fluoropyrimidine toxicity in DPD-deficient patients. The proposed method permits the assessment of Ura and 5FU plasma concentrations with detection limits pf 0.0245 and 0.0484 ng mL(-1) (RSD = 1.0-2.5%, S/N = 3), respectively, without any problems of non-specific false-positives and cross-reactivities in complicated matrices of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Bali Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Division, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Mirčeski V, Skrzypek S, Lovrić M. Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry of Uracil. Experimental and Theoretical Study Under Conditions of Square-Wave Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Selvaraj V, Alagar M. Analytical detection and biological assay of antileukemic drug 5-fluorouracil using gold nanoparticles as probe. Int J Pharm 2007; 337:275-81. [PMID: 17287098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are reported and evaluated as probes for the detection of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). The nature of binding between 5FU and gold nanoparticles via complexation is investigated using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The bound antileukemic drug is fluorescent and the quenching property of gold nanoparticles could be exploited for biological investigations. The 5FU-colloidal gold complex (Au@5FU) is observed to have appreciable antibacterial and antifungal activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger. The experimental studies suggest that gold nanoparticles have the potential to be used as effective carriers for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithilingam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Mirčeski V, Quentel F, L’Her M, Scholz F. Studying the coupled electron–ion transfer reaction at a thin film-modified electrode by means of square-wave voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Mladenov M, Mirceski V, Gjorgoski I, Jordanoski B. Redox kinetic measurements of glutathione at the mercury electrode by means of square-wave voltammetry. The role of copper, cadmium and zinc ions. Bioelectrochemistry 2005; 65:69-76. [PMID: 15522695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2004] [Revised: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The electrode reaction of glutathione (GSH) at the hanging mercury drop electrode is studied by means of square-wave voltammetry (SWV). At potentials more positive than -0.350 V (vs. Ag/AgCl (3 mol/l KCl)) the oxidation of the mercury electrode in the presence of GSH leads to creation of a sparingly soluble mercury-GSH complex that deposits onto the electrode surface. Under cathodic potential scan, the deposited complex acts as a reducible reactant, giving raise to a well-defined cathodic stripping reversible SW voltammetric response. The electrode reaction can be described by the scheme: Hg(SG)(2(s))+e(-)+2H((aq))(+) = Hg((l))+2GSH((aq)). Thus, the electrode reaction provides information on both thermodynamics and kinetics of the chemical interactions of GSH with mercury. An experimental methodology for measuring the kinetics of the electrode reactions, based on the property known as "quasireversible maximum", is developed. The standard redox rate constant is 5.09, 5.75 and 5.22 cm s(-1) in a phosphate buffer at pH 5.6, 7.0 and 8.5, respectively, with a precision of +/-10%. The high rate of the electrode reaction reflects the strong affinity of GSH towards chemical interaction with mercury. The electrode reaction is particularly sensitive to the presence of heavy metal ions such as Cu(2+), Cd(2+), and Zn(2+.) The rate of the electrode reaction decreases significantly in the presence of these ions due to simultaneous interactions of GSH with the respective ion and mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
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Mirčeski V, Skrzypek S, Ciesielski W, Sokołowski A. Theoretical and experimental study of the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in the presence of an adsorbed catalyst by means of square-wave voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Mirčeski V. Charge Transfer Kinetics in Thin-Film Voltammetry. Theoretical Study under Conditions of Square-Wave Voltammetry. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0487152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mirčeski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Sts. Cyril and Methodius” University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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30
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Mirčeski V, Lovrić M. EC mechanism of an adsorbed redox couple. Volume vs surface chemical reaction. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Gulaboski R, Mirčeski V, Komorsky-Lovrić Š. Square-Wave Voltammetry of a Second Order Cathodic Stripping Process Coupled by Adsorption of the Reacting Ligand. ELECTROANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200203)14:5<345::aid-elan345>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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