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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Wong MY, Krotkus S, Copley G, Li W, Murawski C, Hall D, Hedley GJ, Jaricot M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Olivier Y, Beljonne D, Muccioli L, Moral M, Sancho-Garcia JC, Gather MC, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E. Deep-Blue Oxadiazole-Containing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33360-33372. [PMID: 30192504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of four novel deep-blue to sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters (2CzdOXDMe, 2CzdOXD4MeOPh, 2CzdOXDPh, and 2CzdOXD4CF3Ph) have been synthesized and characterized. These oxadiazole-based emitters demonstrated bluer emission compared with the reference emitter 2CzPN thanks to the weaker acceptor strength of the oxadiazole moieties. The oxadiazole compounds doped in hosts (mCP and PPT) emitted from 435 to 474 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 14-55%. The emitters possess singlet-triplet excited-state energy gaps (Δ EST) between 0.25 and 0.46 eV resulting in delayed components ranging from 4.8 to 25.8 ms. The OLED device with 2CzdOXD4CF3Ph shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.2% with a sky-blue emission at CIE of (0.17, 0.25), while the device with 2CzdOXD4MeOPh shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.6% with a deep-blue emission at CIE of (0.15, 0.11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Wong
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Simonas Krotkus
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - Graeme Copley
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Wenbo Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - Caroline Murawski
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - Gordon J Hedley
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - Marie Jaricot
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - David B Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , University of Mons , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , University of Mons , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629 , University of Bordeaux , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Monica Moral
- Renewable Energy Research Institute , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Paseo de la Investigación 1 , 02071 Albacete , Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Alicante , 03080 Alicante , Spain
| | | | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , U.K
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
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