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Long J, Zhao X, Liang F, Zeng Y, Liu N, Sun Y, Xi Y. An innovative lab-scale production for a novel therapeutic DNA vaccine candidate against rheumatoid arthritis. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:19. [PMID: 38414057 PMCID: PMC10898022 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent therapeutic-plasmid DNA vaccine strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have significantly improved. Our pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine is the most prominent and the first antigen-specific tolerising DNA vaccine with potent therapeutic and prophylactic effects compared with methotrexate (MTX), the current "gold standard" treatment for collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This study developed a highly efficient, cost-effective, and easy-to-operate system for the lab-scale production of endotoxin-free supercoiled plasmids with high quality and high yield. Based on optimised fermentation culture, we obtained a high yield of pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine by PEG/MgCl2 precipitation and TRION-114. We then established a method for quality control of the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model rats were subjected to intramuscular injection of the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine (300 μg/kg) to test its biological activity. RESULTS An average yield of 11.81 ± 1.03 mg purified supercoiled plasmid was obtained from 1 L of fermentation broth at 670.6 ± 57.42 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that obtained using anion exchange column chromatography and a commercial purification kit. Our supercoiled plasmid had high purity, biological activity, and yield, conforming to the international guidelines for DNA vaccines. CONCLUSION The proposed innovative downstream process for the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine can not only provide a large-scale high-quality supercoiled plasmid DNA for preclinical research but also facilitate further pilot-scale and even industrial-scale production of pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Long
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fei Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Nan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yongzhi Xi
- National Key Laboratory of Blood Science, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
- Forregen (Beijing) Bioscience-Technology Development Centre Co., Ltd, Qingquan Villa Yili of Beijing Fragrant Hill, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Xenopoulos A, Pattnaik P. Production and purification of plasmid DNA vaccines: is there scope for further innovation? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1537-51. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.968556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Vu BV, Anthony KL, Strych U, Willson RC. Recovery of small DNA fragments from serum using compaction precipitation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51863. [PMID: 23284792 PMCID: PMC3524094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While most nucleic acids are intracellular, trace amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), including micro RNAs, can also be found in peripheral blood. Many studies have suggested the potential utility of these circulating nucleic acids in prenatal diagnosis, early cancer detection, and the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, DNA circulating in blood is usually present at very low concentrations (ng/ml), and is in the form of relatively small fragments (<1,000 bp), making its isolation challenging. Methods Here we report an improved method for the isolation of small DNA fragments from serum using selective precipitation by quaternary ammonium compaction agents. A 151 bp fragment of double-stranded DNA from the Escherichia coli bacteriophage lambda served as the model DNA in our experiments. DNA was serially diluted in serum until undetectable by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), before being enriched by compaction precipitation. Results Starting with concentrations two to three orders of magnitude lower than the PCR-detectable level (0.01 ng/ml), we were able to enrich the DNA to a detectable level using a novel compaction precipitation protocol. The isolated DNA product after compaction precipitation was largely free of serum contaminants and was suitable for downstream applications. Conclusions Using compaction precipitation, we were able to isolate and concentrate small DNA from serum, and increase the sensitivity of detection by more than four orders of magnitude. We were able to recover and detect very low levels (0.01 ng/ml) of a small DNA fragment in serum. In addition to being very sensitive, the method is fast, simple, inexpensive, and avoids the use of toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh V. Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kim L. Anthony
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Shin MJ, Tan L, Jeong MH, Kim JH, Choe WS. Monolith-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography increases production efficiency for plasmid DNA purification. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Tee LK, Ling CS, Chua MJ, Abdullah S, Rosli R, Chowdhury EH. Purification of transcriptionally active multimeric plasmid DNA using zwitterionic detergent and carbonate apatite nano-particles. Plasmid 2011; 66:38-46. [PMID: 21419794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA is one of the indispensable components in molecular biology research and a potential biomaterial for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Both quality and quantity of extracted plasmid DNA are of the great interests in cloning and subsequent expression of genes in vitro and in vivo for basic research and therapeutic interventions. Bacteria with extremely short generation times are the valuable source of plasmid DNA that can be isolated through a number of existing techniques. However, the current methods have some limitations in isolating high quality plasmid DNA since the multimeric plasmid which is believed to be more efficiently transcribed by RNA polymerase than the monomeric form, is almost lost during the extraction process. Recently, we developed a rapid isolation technique for multimeric plasmid based on generation of a 'protein aggregate' using a zwitterionic detergent and alkali. Here we have investigated the roles of different parameters in the whole extraction process to optimise the production of high quality multimeric plasmid DNA. Moreover, we have showed the advantageous effects of nanoparticles to effectively sediment the 'protein aggregate' for smooth elution of multimeric plasmid DNA from it. Finally, quality assessment study has revealed that the isolated multimeric DNA is at least 10 times more transcriptionally active than the monomeric form isolated by the commercially available Qiaget kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Khye Tee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Medical University (IMU), No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Yang HB, Yang X, Cao J, Li S, Liu YN, Suo ZW, Cui HB, Guo Z, Hu XD. cAMP-dependent protein kinase activated Fyn in spinal dorsal horn to regulate NMDA receptor function during inflammatory pain. J Neurochem 2010; 116:93-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Hui Q, Yu X, Hui Z, Zuohua F. Inhibition Growth and Metastasis of Melanoma by 4-1BBL Expressed in Normal Tissue Cells by Regulating the Function of Immune Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:597-605. [PMID: 19877890 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Hui
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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8
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Añez-Lingerfelt M, Fox GE, Willson RC. Reduction of DNA contamination in RNA samples for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using selective precipitation by compaction agents. Anal Biochem 2008; 384:79-85. [PMID: 18831957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An important problem in measurement of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is DNA contamination, which can produce artifactually increased mRNA concentration. Current methods to eliminate contaminating DNA can compromise the integrity of the RNA, are time-consuming, and/or are hazardous. We present a rapid, nuclease-free, and cost-effective method of eliminating contaminating DNA in RNA samples using selective precipitation by compaction agents. Compaction agents are cationic molecules that bind to double-stranded nucleic acids, driven by electrostatic interactions and steric complementarity. The effectiveness and DNA selectivity of six compaction agents were investigated: trivalent spermidine, Triquat A, and Triquat 7; tetravalent spermine and Quatro-quat; and hexavalent Quatro-diquat. Effectiveness was measured initially by supernatant UV absorbance after precipitation of salmon sperm DNA. Effectiveness and selectivity were then investigated using differences in RT-PCR C(t) values with synthetic mixtures of human genomic DNA and total RNA and with total RNA isolated from cells. With 500 microM spermidine or Triquat A, the supernatant DNA could not be detected up to 40 cycles of PCR (C(t)12.6), whereas the C(t) for the mRNA was increased by only five cycles. Therefore, spermidine and Triquat A each show strong DNA selectivity and could be used to eliminate contaminating DNA in measurements of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaclara Añez-Lingerfelt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA
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9
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Murphy JC, Winters MA, Watson MP, Konz JO, Sagar SL. Monitoring of RNA Clearance in a Novel Plasmid DNA Purification Process. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:1213-9. [PMID: 16080704 DOI: 10.1021/bp050033o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As the field of plasmid DNA-based vaccines and therapeutics matures, improved methods for impurity clearance monitoring are increasingly valuable for process development and scale-up. Residual host-cell RNA is a major impurity in current large-scale separation processes for the production of clinical-grade plasmid DNA. Current RNA detection technologies include quantitative rtPCR, HPLC, and fluorescent dye-based assays. However, these methodologies are difficult to employ as in-process tests primarily as a result of impurity and buffer interferences. To address the need for a method of measuring RNA levels in various process intermediates, a sample pretreatment strategy has been developed that utilizes spermidine affinity precipitation to eliminate a majority of solution impurities, followed by a quantitative precipitation with alcohol to concentrate RNA and allow detection at lower concentrations. RNA concentrations as low as 80 ng/mL have been measured using detection with gel electrophoresis and 20 ng/mL if microplate-based detection with Ribogreen fluorescent dye is used. The assay procedure has been utilized to troubleshoot RNA clearance issues encountered during scale-up of a novel, non-chromatographic purification process for plasmid DNA. Assay results identified residual liquor removal inadequacies as the source of elevated RNA levels, enabling process modifications in a timely fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Murphy
- Department of Biologics Development and Engineering, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc, P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA.
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Li W, Li S, Hu Y, Tang B, Cui L, He W. Efficient augmentation of a long-lasting immune responses in HIV-1 gag DNA vaccination by IL-15 plasmid boosting. Vaccine 2008; 26:3282-90. [PMID: 18472194 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are major regulators of the immune response, and have been used as adjuvants to improve vaccine potency. In this study, we investigated the adjuvant effects of interleukin (IL)-15 on improving the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 gag DNA vaccine in Balb/c mice. During a 370-day follow-up, cellular and humoral immune responses in three separate cohorts of mice were monitored. These results were exemplified through: lymphocyte proliferation, induction of antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes, long-term production of specific antibodies, and proportion of differentiated memory CD8(+) T cells. These data revealed that just boost of IL-15 at day 8 after co-immunization induced more homeostatic cell proliferation, augmented proliferation frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes, maintained the long-lasting humoral immune response and promoted the turnover of memory T cell precursors into central memory T cells. Taken together, our data demonstrated that a single IL-15 boosting can enhance both the humoral and cellular immune responses of the HIV-1 gag DNA vaccination. This novel boosting strategy may facilitate the application of IL-15 as an adjuvant for HIV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Tan L, Kim DS, Yoo IK, Choe WS. Harnessing metal ion affinity for the purification of plasmid DNA. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Tan L, Lai WB, Lee CT, Kim DS, Choe WS. Differential interactions of plasmid DNA, RNA and endotoxin with immobilised and free metal ions. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1141:226-34. [PMID: 17184786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Separation of negatively charged molecules, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), RNA and endotoxin forms a bottleneck for the development of pDNA vaccine production process. The use of affinity interactions of transition metal ions with these molecules may provide an ideal separation methodology. In this study, the binding behaviour of pDNA, RNA and endotoxin to transition metal ions, either in immobilised or free form, was investigated. Transition metal ions: Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Fe3+, typically employed in the immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), showed very different binding behaviour depending on the type of metal ions and their existing state, i.e. immobilised or free. In the alkaline cell lysate, pDNA showed no binding to any of the IMAC chemistries tested whereas RNA interacted significantly with Cu2+-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and Ni2+-IDA but showed no substantial binding to the rest of the IMAC chemistries. pDNA and RNA, however, interacted to varying degrees with free metal ions in the solution. The greatest selectivity in terms of pDNA and RNA separation was achieved with Zn2+ which enabled almost full precipitation of RNA while keeping pDNA soluble. For both immobilised and free metal ions, ionic strength of solution affected the metal ion-nucleic acid interaction significantly. Endotoxin, being more flexible, was able to interact better with the immobilised metal ions than the nucleic acids and showed binding to all the IMAC chemistries. The specific interactions of immobilised and/or free metal ions with pDNA, RNA and endotoxin showed a good potential, by selectively removing RNA and endotoxin at high efficiency, to develop a simplified pDNA purification process with improved process economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 117576 Singapore
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13
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Chowdhury EH, Akaike T. Rapid isolation of high quality, multimeric plasmid DNA using zwitterionic detergent. J Biotechnol 2005; 119:343-7. [PMID: 16095744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purification of plasmid DNA from bacteria is an essential tool in recombinant DNA technology and has become an essential task in laboratories to industries. Moreover, the recent progress of "Gene therapy" and "Genetic vaccination" also demands production of pharmaceutical grade plasmid DNA in 'kilogram' level. Despite existence of a number of purification protocols, all most all have been originated from a pioneering work [Birnboim, H.C., Doly, J., 1979. A rapid extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 7, 1513-1523] and so suffer from one or more drawbacks, such as purification time, purity or quantity of isolated plasmid DNA. Here, we have reported an innovative approach for isolation of highly pure and functional plasmid DNA in significant amount, based on generation of "soft protein aggregate" with the help of zwitterionic detergents and alkali. Solibilized proteins and RNA could be removed by a simple and mild washing with Tris buffer of low ionic strength and multimeric plasmid DNA could be eluted in a single step from the protein aggregate. Additionally, isolated plasmid DNA could easily be digested by restriction enzymes and had high functionality in protein expression. Thus, considering both its remarkable simplicity and efficiency in producing sufficiently pure plasmid DNA, the new strategy would emerge a useful tool in modern recombinant technology and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Chowdhury
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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He YF, Wang XH, Zhang GM, Chen HT, Zhang H, Feng ZH. Sustained low-level expression of interferon-gamma promotes tumor development: potential insights in tumor prevention and tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:891-7. [PMID: 15776283 PMCID: PMC11034305 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been generally thought to enhance antitumor immune responses and be involved in antitumor mechanisms of many other immunotherapy molecules, it has also been reported that IFN-gamma could promote tumor immune evasion. In this report, by using an ideal mouse model that expresses IFN-gamma locally in muscle, we demonstrate that sustained low-level expression of IFN-gamma promotes the development of several types of tumor including H22 hepatoma, MA782/5S mammary adenocarcinoma and B16 melanoma. However, transitory expression of IFN-gamma does not have such an effect. On the other hand, sustained high-level expression of IFN-gamma mediates significant antitumor effect on H22 hepatoma. Low level of IFN-gamma upregulates expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4 and Foxp3, which may partly account for the tumor immune evasion promoted by IFN-gamma. Furthermore, blockade of PD-L inhibits IFN-gamma's tumor-promoting effect. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and cancer and would have potential implications for cancer prevention and also for the design of cytokine-based cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Muscles/immunology
- Muscles/metabolism
- Peptides/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 The People’s Republic of China
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Wahlund PO, Gustavsson PE, Izumrudov VA, Larsson PO, Galaev IY. Precipitation by polycation as capture step in purification of plasmid DNA from a clarified lysate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 87:675-84. [PMID: 15352066 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The demand for highly purified plasmids in gene therapy and plasmid-based vaccines requires large-scale production of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid. Large-scale purification of plasmid DNA from bacterial cell culture normally includes one or several chromatographic steps. Prechromatographic steps include precipitation with solvents, salts, and polymers combined with enzymatic degradation of nucleic acids. No method alone has so far been able to selectively capture plasmid DNA directly from a clarified alkaline lysate. We present a method for selective precipitation of plasmid DNA from a clarified alkaline lysate using polycation poly(N, N'-dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride (PDMDAAC). The specific interaction between the polycation and the plasmid DNA resulted in the formation of a stoichiometric insoluble complex. Efficient removal of contaminants such as RNA, by far the major contaminant in a clarified lysate, and proteins as well as 20-fold plasmid concentration has been obtained with about 80% recovery. The method utilizes a inexpensive, commercially available polymer and thus provides a capture step suitable for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-O Wahlund
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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He YF, Zhang GM, Wang XH, Zhang H, Yuan Y, Li D, Feng ZH. Blocking Programmed Death-1 Ligand-PD-1 Interactions by Local Gene Therapy Results in Enhancement of Antitumor Effect of Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Chemokine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4919-28. [PMID: 15470033 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.8.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The negative signal provided by interactions of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands, costimulatory molecules PD-L1 (also B7-H1) and PD-L2 (also B7-DC), is involved in the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. In this study, we found that this negative signal was also involved in immune evasion in tumor immunotherapy. When we used different doses of a constructed eukaryotic expression plasmid, pSLC, which expresses functional murine secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC, CCL21), to treat BALB/c mice inoculated with H22 murine hepatoma cells, the inhibitory effect was enhanced along with the increase of pSLC dosage. Unexpectedly, however, the best complete inhibition rate of tumor was reached when pSLC was used at the dosage of 50 microg but not 100 or 200 microg. RT-PCR and real-time PCR revealed that both PD-L1 and PD-L2 genes were expressed in tumor and vicinal muscle tissues of tumor-bearing mice and the expression level was significantly increased if a higher dosage of pSLC was administered. We then constructed a eukaryotic expression plasmid (pPD-1A) that expresses the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 (sPD-1). sPD-1 could bind PD-1 ligands, block PD-Ls-PD-1 interactions, and enhance the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific CTL. Local gene transfer by injection of pPD-1A mediated antitumor effect and improved SLC-mediated antitumor immunity. The combined gene therapy with SLC plus sPD-1 did not induce remarkable autoimmune manifestations. Our findings provide a potent method of improving the antitumor effects of SLC and possibly other immunotherapeutic methods by local blockade of negative costimulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
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Yuan Y, He Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Li D, Feng Z, Zhang G. Investigation on the effects of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) enhancing anti-tumor immune response. Curr Med Sci 2004; 24:531-4. [PMID: 15791831 DOI: 10.1007/bf02911345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR method, it was found that PD-L1 mRNA but not PD-L2 mRNA was expressed in H22 hepatoma cells and both PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNAs were expressed in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice and upregulated as compared with muscle tissues in normal mice and H22 hepatoma cells. PD-L1 and PD-L2 were also expressed on the surface of the activated T cells. The soluble recombinant sPD-1 expressed from the constructed eukaryotic expression vector could enhance the lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with antigen. The expresssion of sPD-1 by local gene therapy on the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit the growth of tumor. The results of this study indicate that expression of soluble receptor of negative costimulatory molecules could reduce the inhibitory effect on T cells in tumor microenvironment and enhance the cytotoxicity of T cells on tumor cells. This possibly provides a new method of improving efficacy of tumor gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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