1
|
Xu LC, Siedlecki CA. Protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and bacterial adhesion to polyethylene-glycol-textured polyurethane biomaterial surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:668-678. [PMID: 26669615 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traditional strategies for surface modification to enhance the biocompatibility of biomaterials often focus on a single route utilizing either chemical or physical approaches. This study combines the chemical and physical treatments as applied to poly(urethane urea) (PUU) biomaterials to enhance biocompatibility at the interface for inhibiting platelet-related thrombosis or bacterial adhesion-induced microbial infections. PUU films were first textured with submicron patterns by a soft lithography two-stage replication process, and then were grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A series of biological response experiments including protein adsorption, platelet adhesion/activation, and bacterial adhesion/biofilm formation showed that PEG-grafted submicron textured biomaterial surfaces were resistant to protein adsorption, and greatly increased the efficiency in reducing both platelet adhesion/activation and bacterial adhesion/biofilm formation due to the additive effects of physical topography and grafted PEG. Results suggest that a combination of chemical modification and surface texturing will be more efficient in preventing biomaterial-associated thrombosis and infection of biomaterials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 668-678, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
| | - Christopher A Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033.,Department of Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garciarena CD, McHale TM, Watkin RL, Kerrigan SW. Coordinated Molecular Cross-Talk between Staphylococcus aureus, Endothelial Cells and Platelets in Bloodstream Infection. Pathogens 2015; 4:869-82. [PMID: 26690226 PMCID: PMC4693168 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen often carried asymptomatically on the human body. Upon entry to the otherwise sterile environment of the cardiovascular system, S. aureus can lead to serious complications resulting in organ failure and death. The success of S. aureus as a pathogen in the bloodstream is due to its ability to express a wide array of cell wall proteins on its surface that recognise host receptors, extracellular matrix proteins and plasma proteins. Endothelial cells and platelets are important cells in the cardiovascular system and are a major target of bloodstream infection. Endothelial cells form the inner lining of a blood vessel and provide an antithrombotic barrier between the vessel wall and blood. Platelets on the other hand travel throughout the cardiovascular system and respond by aggregating around the site of injury and initiating clot formation. Activation of either of these cells leads to functional dysregulation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we will illustrate how S. aureus establish intimate interactions with both endothelial cells and platelets leading to cardiovascular dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina D Garciarena
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony M McHale
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Rebecca L Watkin
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Steven W Kerrigan
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dysregulation of the endothelium following Staphylococcus aureus infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:715-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20140309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is typically a sterile environment; however entry of a microorganism into the circulation can cause potentially life threatening cardiac and/or vascular disease. Staphylococcus aureus endothelial cell interactions are arguably the most important interactions in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular infection. These interactions can trigger cardiac valve destruction in the case of endocarditis, multi-organ dysfunction in the case of sepsis and coagulopathy. Here, we review the interactions between S. aureus and endothelial cells and discuss the implications of these interactions in the progression of cardiovascular infection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tamayo D, Hernández O, Muñoz-Cadavid C, Cano LE, González A. Interaction between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia and the coagulation system: involvement of fibrinogen. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:488-93. [PMID: 23827999 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-0276108042013015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious process starts with an initial contact between pathogen and host. We have previously demonstrated that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia interact with plasma proteins including fibrinogen, which is considered the major component of the coagulation system. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro capacity of P. brasiliensis conidia to aggregate with plasma proteins and compounds involved in the coagulation system. We assessed the aggregation of P. brasiliensis conidia after incubation with human serum or plasma in the presence or absence of anticoagulants, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, metabolic and protein inhibitors, monosaccharides and other compounds. Additionally, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were determined after the interaction of P. brasiliensis conidia with human plasma. ECM proteins, monosaccharides and human plasma significantly induced P. brasiliensis conidial aggregation; however, anticoagulants and metabolic and protein inhibitors diminished the aggregation process. The extrinsic coagulation pathway was not affected by the interaction between P. brasiliensis conidia and plasma proteins, while the intrinsic pathway was markedly altered. These results indicate that P. brasiliensis conidia interact with proteins involved in the coagulation system. This interaction may play an important role in the initial inflammatory response, as well as fungal disease progression caused by P. brasiliensis dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tamayo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pappelbaum KI, Gorzelanny C, Grässle S, Suckau J, Laschke MW, Bischoff M, Bauer C, Schorpp-Kistner M, Weidenmaier C, Schneppenheim R, Obser T, Sinha B, Schneider SW. Ultralarge von Willebrand factor fibers mediate luminal Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to an intact endothelial cell layer under shear stress. Circulation 2013; 128:50-9. [PMID: 23720451 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pathogenesis of infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus adherence often occurs without identifiable preexisting heart disease. However, molecular mechanisms mediating initial bacterial adhesion to morphologically intact endocardium are largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Perfusion of activated human endothelial cells with fluorescent bacteria under high-shear-rate conditions revealed 95% attachment of the S aureus by ultralarge von Willebrand factor (ULVWF). Flow experiments with VWF deletion mutants and heparin indicate a contribution of the A-type domains of VWF to bacterial binding. In this context, analyses of different bacterial deletion mutants suggest the involvement of wall teichoic acid but not of staphylococcal protein A. The presence of inactivated platelets and serum increased significantly ULVWF-mediated bacterial adherence. ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13) caused a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial binding and a reduced length of ULVWF, but single cocci were still tethered by ULVWF at physiological levels of ADAMTS13. To further prove the role of VWF in vivo, we compared wild-type mice with VWF knockout mice. Binding of fluorescent bacteria was followed in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated tissue by intravital microscopy applying the dorsal skinfold chamber model. Compared with wild-type mice (n=6), we found less bacteria in postcapillary (60±6 versus 32±5 bacteria) and collecting venules (48±5 versus 18±4 bacteria; P<0.05) of VWF knockout mice (n=5). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence that ULVWF contributes to the initial pathogenic step of S aureus-induced endocarditis in patients with an apparently intact endothelium. An intervention reducing the ULVWF formation with heparin or ADAMTS13 suggests novel therapeutic options to prevent infective endocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin I Pappelbaum
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sehbai AS, Mirza MA, Ericson SG, Marano GD, Hurst MK, Abraham J. Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonate therapy: tips for the practicing oncologist. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1548-5315(11)70023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Gutekunst H, Eikmanns BJ, Reinscheid DJ. The novel fibrinogen-binding protein FbsB promotes Streptococcus agalactiae invasion into epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2004; 72:3495-504. [PMID: 15155657 PMCID: PMC415667 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.6.3495-3504.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in human newborns. The interaction of S. agalactiae with host proteins and the entry into host cells thereby represent important virulence traits of these bacteria. The present report describes the identification of the fbsB gene, encoding a novel fibrinogen-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the invasion of S. agalactiae into human cells. In Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments, the FbsB protein was demonstrated to interact with soluble and immobilized fibrinogen. Binding studies showed the N-terminal 388 residues of FbsB and the Aalpha-subunit of human fibrinogen to recognize each other. By reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, the fbsB gene was shown to be cotranscribed with the gbs0851 gene in S. agalactiae. Deletion of the fbsB gene in the genome of S. agalactiae did not influence the binding of the bacteria to fibrinogen, suggesting that FbsB does not participate in the attachment of S. agalactiae to fibrinogen. In tissue culture experiments, however, the fbsB deletion mutant was severely impaired in its invasion into lung epithelial cells. Bacterial invasion could be reestablished by introducing the fbsB gene on a shuttle plasmid into the fbsB deletion mutant. Furthermore, treatment of lung epithelial cells with FbsB fusion protein blocked S. agalactiae invasion of epithelial cells in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest an important role of the FbsB protein in the overall process of host cell entry by S. agalactiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Gutekunst
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fallgren C, Ljungh A, Shenkman B, Varon D, Savion N. Venous shear stress enhances platelet mediated staphylococcal adhesion to artificial and damaged biological surfaces. Biomaterials 2002; 23:4581-9. [PMID: 12322979 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of blood components in the adhesion of staphylococci to biological and artificial surfaces under well-defined flow conditions by using the Cone and Plate(let) Analyzer. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like binding assay with biotinylated bacteria determined the extent of bacterial adhesion to subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM), polystyrene (PS) and adult bovine aortic endothelial (ABAE) cell monolayer. The presence of adsorbed plasma proteins on PS and ECM did not increase and in some cases reduced staphylococcal adhesion under flow conditions (200s(-1)). However, their presence on ABAE cells increased bacterial adhesion but to a level still lower than the adhesion to PS and ECM. In contrast, adhered platelets significantly increased staphylococcal adhesion to both PS and ECM, but did not affect the adhesion to ABAE cells. Furthermore, bacterial adhesion to the platelets coated ECM and PS under flow conditions (200s(-1)) was increased by 1.4 to 2.6-fold compare to static conditions. The platelet-enhanced bacterial adhesion was markedly inhibited by blockade of the platelet GPIb receptor. In conclusion, staphylococcal extensive adhesion to ECM and PS surfaces is increased by venous flow and mediated by surface adhered activated platelets via a GPIb dependent mechanism. On the other hand, ABAE cells demonstrated limited bacterial adhesion that is mediated by adsorbed plasma proteins. Our results suggest that under physiological venous flow conditions the intact vessel wall is less prone for bacterial adhesion than damaged vessel wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Fallgren
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, University of Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moureau N, Poole S, Murdock MA, Gray SM, Semba CP. Central venous catheters in home infusion care: outcomes analysis in 50,470 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002; 13:1009-16. [PMID: 12397122 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Outpatient home infusion therapy is increasing; however, little data exist on the outcomes of patients receiving care. The purpose of this study was to document the natural history of central venous catheters (CVCs) used in home infusion care to determine the rate and type of catheter complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Strategic HealthCare Programs National Database from April 1999 to September 2000 were analyzed. Primary study objectives were to identify (i) types of CVCs and principal diagnoses, (ii) type and rate of catheter complications, and (iii) outcomes in managing thrombotic catheter complications. Event rates were calculated per 1,000 catheter days; 50,470 patients representing 2.83 million catheter days met study criteria. RESULTS The rates of complications (per 1,000 catheter days) for the most common events were: catheter dysfunction (0.83 total; 0.6 nonthrombotic, 0.23 thrombotic), catheter site infections (0.26), and bloodstream infections (BSIs; 0.19). A total of 4,138 complication events were identified (event rate per 1,000 days: 1.5). The total rates of complications with each catheter type were: midline catheters (4.5), PICCs (2.0), nontunneled central catheters (1.1), tunneled catheters (1.0), and chest ports (0.52). Catheter dysfunction with loss of patency was the most common group of complications. Thrombotic occlusion was the principal cause of catheter dysfunction, occurring in 28% of patients in this group, typically within 7 days of catheter insertion. BSI was reported in 541 patients, generally more than 30 days after catheter insertion. Catheter thrombosis outcomes resulted in therapy interruption (43%), catheter replacement (29%), premature CVC removal (14%), unscheduled emergency room visits (9%), and/or hospitalizations (6%). CONCLUSION Catheter dysfunction is the most frequent complication of all CVCs in this population, almost twice that of infections. Outpatient home infusion catheter dysfunction results in delays to therapy, unscheduled hospitalizations, and need for device replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Moureau
- PICC Excellence, Orange Park, Florida 32003, USA. nancy.piccexcellence.com
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Van Belkum A, Kools-Sijmons M, Verbrugh H. Attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to eukaryotic cells and experimental pitfalls in staphylococcal adherence assays: a critical appraisal. J Microbiol Methods 2002; 48:19-42. [PMID: 11733080 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(01)00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial species with pathogenic potential to both humans and animals. The primary natural niche is said to be the human vestibulum nasi from where bacterial cells may spread to the environment or additional anatomical sites such as the perineum or the hands, where residence is usually transient. Apparently, S. aureus is capable of a precise and balanced interaction with specific types of eukaryotic nasal cells. Although a wide variety of important bacterial ligands and possible eukaryote receptors have been described, the precise mechanisms leading to persistent bacterial colonization and, even more importantly, associated infection have not yet been elucidated in detail. This may be a consequence of the fact that most of the adherence factors have been studied individually in simplified in vitro systems, not taking the complexity of multi-factorial in vivo cell-cell interactions into account. An overall scheme of the initial and sequential interactions leading to S. aureus colonization of eukaryotic cell surfaces has not yet emerged. This review concisely describes the current state of affairs in the multi-disciplinary field of staphylococcal adherence research. Specific emphasis is placed upon the pros and cons of the various artificial, mostly in vitro models employed to study the interaction between bacterial and human or animal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Van Belkum
- Deptartment Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam (EMCR), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shenkman B, Rubinstein E, Cheung AL, Brill GE, Dardik R, Tamarin I, Savion N, Varon D. Adherence properties of Staphylococcus aureus under static and flow conditions: roles of agr and sar loci, platelets, and plasma ligands. Infect Immun 2001; 69:4473-8. [PMID: 11401988 PMCID: PMC98521 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.7.4473-4478.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global regulatory genes in Staphylococcus aureus, including agr and sar, are known to regulate the expression of multiple virulence factors, including cell wall adhesins. In the present study, the adherence of S. aureus RN6390 (wild type), RN6911 (agr), ALC136 (sar), and ALC135 (agr sar) to immobilized fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor (vWF), extracellular matrix (ECM), and human endothelial cells (EC) EAhy.926 was studied. Bacteria grown to postexponential phase were subjected to light oscillation (static condition) or to shear stress at 200 s(-1) (flow condition) on tissue culture polystyrene plates coated with either protein ligands, ECM, or EC. Adherence of nonlabeled bacteria to immobilized ligands was measured by an image analysis system, while adherence of [(3)H]thymidine-labeled S. aureus to ECM and EC was measured by a beta-scintillation counter. The results showed increased adherence of agr and agr sar mutants to immobilized fibrinogen and higher potential of these mutants to induce platelet aggregation in suspension, decreased adherence of sar and agr sar mutants to immobilized fibronectin and vWF as well as to ECM and EC, increased adherence of both S. aureus wild type and sar mutant to EC treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared to platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and to EC treated with PPP compared to the control, and increased adherence of S. aureus wild type to EC coated with PRP in which platelets were activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate compared to intact PRP. This finding paralleled the increased adherence to EC of activated compared to intact platelets. It is suggested that platelet-mediated S. aureus adherence to EC depends on platelet activation and the number of adherent platelets and available receptors on the platelet membrane. In conclusion, the agr locus downregulates S. aureus adherence to fibrinogen, while the sar locus upregulates S. aureus adherence to fibronectin, vWF, ECM, and EC. The effect of both agr and sar on S. aureus adherence properties develops primarily under flow conditions, which suggests different adhesion mechanisms in static and flow conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Shenkman
- Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- J E Bouquot
- The Maxillofacial Center for Diagnostics & Research, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is serious, burgeoning frequency, and growing increasingly resistant to antibiotics. S. aureus IE is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in nosocomial and community-acquired settings. S. aureus is the most common, most virulent IE etiologic pathogen. S. aureus IE pathogenesis depends upon complex interaction among the pathogen, platelets, plasma proteins, and vascular endothelial cells. S. aureus coordinates the expression of key virulence factors required for the specific pathogenic phases of IE. Platelets, now appear to play an important role in antimicrobial host defense against S. aureus IE and other endovascular infections. Platelet microbicidal proteins are believed to significantly contribute to the antimicrobial properties of platelets; however, abnormal disposition of native or prosthetic cardiac valves is an important risk factor in S. aureus IE establishment and severity. Thus, the need to define the molecular mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and host defense against IE is urgent. Understanding these mechanisms will yield new approaches for the prevention and treatment of such life-threatening cardiovascular infections due to S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MR Yeaman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Cardiovascular Research Center, Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute, 1124 West Carson Street-RB-2, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|