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Maity P, Singh K, Krug L, Koroma A, Hainzl A, Bloch W, Kochanek S, Wlaschek M, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Ignatius A, Geiger H, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Persistent JunB activation in fibroblasts disrupts stem cell niche interactions enforcing skin aging. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109634. [PMID: 34469740 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts residing in the connective tissues constitute the stem cell niche, particularly in organs such as skin. Although the effect of fibroblasts on stem cell niches and organ aging is an emerging concept, the underlying mechanisms are largely unresolved. We report a mechanism of redox-dependent activation of transcription factor JunB, which, through concomitant upregulation of p16INK4A and repression of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), initiates the installment of fibroblast senescence. Fibroblast senescence profoundly disrupts the metabolic and structural niche, and its essential interactions with different stem cells thus enforces depletion of stem cells pools and skin tissue decline. In fact, silencing of JunB in a fibroblast-niche-specific manner-by reinstatement of IGF-1 and p16 levels-restores skin stem cell pools and overall skin tissue integrity. Here, we report a role of JunB in the control of connective tissue niche and identified targets to combat skin aging and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert Koroma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Molecular and cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center (ARC), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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2
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Singh K, Camera E, Krug L, Basu A, Pandey RK, Munir S, Wlaschek M, Kochanek S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Picardo M, Angel P, Niemann C, Maity P, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. JunB defines functional and structural integrity of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit in the skin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3425. [PMID: 30143626 PMCID: PMC6109099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors ensure skin homeostasis via tight regulation of distinct resident stem cells. Here we report that JunB, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, regulates epidermal stem cells and sebaceous glands through balancing proliferation and differentiation of progenitors and by suppressing lineage infidelity. JunB deficiency in basal progenitors results in a dermatitis-like syndrome resembling seborrheic dermatitis harboring structurally and functionally impaired sebaceous glands with a globally altered lipid profile. A fate switch occurs in a subset of JunB deficient epidermal progenitors during wound healing resulting in de novo formation of sebaceous glands. Dysregulated Notch signaling is identified to be causal for this phenotype. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling can efficiently restore the lineage drift, impaired epidermal differentiation and disrupted barrier function in JunB conditional knockout mice. These findings define an unprecedented role for JunB in epidermal-pilosebaceous stem cell homeostasis and its pathology. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by the activity of stem cells. Here, the authors show that deficiency of the transcription factor JunB leads to altered Notch signaling in stem cells, resulting in a cell fate switch and de novo formation of aberrant sebaceous glands, altered epidermal differentiation and impaired barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Abhijit Basu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Saira Munir
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Institute for Biochemistry II, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany.
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3
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Wan S, Meyer AS, Weiler SME, Rupp C, Tóth M, Sticht C, Singer S, Thomann S, Roessler S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Schmitt J, Gretz N, Angel P, Tschaharganeh DF, Marquardt J, Schirmacher P, Pinna F, Breuhahn K. Cytoplasmic localization of the cell polarity factor scribble supports liver tumor formation and tumor cell invasiveness. Hepatology 2018; 67:1842-1856. [PMID: 29152770 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The loss of epithelial cell polarity plays an important role in the development and progression of liver cancer. However, the specific molecular mechanisms supporting tumor initiation and progression are poorly understood. In this study, transcriptome data and immunofluorescence stains of tissue samples derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients revealed that overexpression associated with cytoplasmic localization of the basolateral cell polarity complex protein scribble (Scrib) correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. In comparison with HCC cells stably expressing wild-type Scrib (ScribWT ), mutated Scrib with enforced cytoplasmic enrichment (ScribP305L ) induced AKT signaling through the destabilization of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1). Cytoplasmic ScribP305L stimulated a gene signature and a phenotype characteristic for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HCC cell invasiveness. ScribP305L -dependent invasion was mediated by the activator protein 1 (AP-1) constituents ATF2 and JunB through induction of paracrine-acting secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC). Coexpression of ScribP305L and the oncogene c-MYC through hydrodynamic gene delivery in mouse livers promoted tumor formation and increased abundance of pAKT, pATF2, and SPARC in comparison with controls. Finally, cytoplasmic Scrib localization correlated with AKT and ATF2 phosphorylation in human HCC tissues, and the ScribP305L -dependent gene signature was enriched in cancer patients with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Perturbation of hepatocellular polarity due to overexpression and cytoplasmic enrichment of Scrib supports tumor initiation and HCC cell dissemination through specific molecular mechanisms. Biomarker signatures identified in this study can be used for the identification of HCC patients with higher risk for the development of metastasis. (Hepatology 2018;67:1842-1856).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wan
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Meyer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toxicology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Thomann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Group Tumor and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darjus Felix Tschaharganeh
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-University Group, Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodelling, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Pinna
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Kiesow K, Bennewitz K, Miranda LG, Stoll SJ, Hartenstein B, Angel P, Kroll J, Schorpp-Kistner M. Junb controls lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish via miR-182. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15007. [PMID: 26458334 PMCID: PMC4602192 DOI: 10.1038/srep15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
JUNB, a subunit of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, mediates gene regulation in response to a plethora of extracellular stimuli. Previously, JUNB was shown to act as a critical positive regulator of blood vessel development and homeostasis as well as a negative regulator of proliferation, inflammation and tumour growth. Here, we demonstrate that the oncogenic miR-182 is a novel JUNB target. Loss-of-function studies by morpholino-mediated knockdown and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology identify a novel function for both JUNB and its target miR-182 in lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that miR-182 attenuates foxo1 expression indicating that strictly balanced Foxo1 levels are required for proper lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings uncover with the Junb/miR-182/Foxo1 regulatory axis a novel key player in governing lymphatic vascular morphogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kiesow
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Laura Gutierrez Miranda
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Bettina Hartenstein
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Korff
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Braun J, Strittmatter K, Nübel T, Komljenovic D, Sator-Schmitt M, Bäuerle T, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. Loss of stromal JUNB does not affect tumor growth and angiogenesis. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1511-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Braun
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control DKFZ DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Karin Strittmatter
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control DKFZ DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias Nübel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control DKFZ DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology DKFZ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Melanie Sator-Schmitt
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control DKFZ DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology DKFZ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control DKFZ DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control DKFZ DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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7
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Pappelbaum KI, Gorzelanny C, Grässle S, Suckau J, Laschke MW, Bischoff M, Bauer C, Schorpp-Kistner M, Weidenmaier C, Schneppenheim R, Obser T, Sinha B, Schneider SW. Ultralarge von Willebrand factor fibers mediate luminal Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to an intact endothelial cell layer under shear stress. Circulation 2013; 128:50-9. [PMID: 23720451 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pathogenesis of infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus adherence often occurs without identifiable preexisting heart disease. However, molecular mechanisms mediating initial bacterial adhesion to morphologically intact endocardium are largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Perfusion of activated human endothelial cells with fluorescent bacteria under high-shear-rate conditions revealed 95% attachment of the S aureus by ultralarge von Willebrand factor (ULVWF). Flow experiments with VWF deletion mutants and heparin indicate a contribution of the A-type domains of VWF to bacterial binding. In this context, analyses of different bacterial deletion mutants suggest the involvement of wall teichoic acid but not of staphylococcal protein A. The presence of inactivated platelets and serum increased significantly ULVWF-mediated bacterial adherence. ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13) caused a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial binding and a reduced length of ULVWF, but single cocci were still tethered by ULVWF at physiological levels of ADAMTS13. To further prove the role of VWF in vivo, we compared wild-type mice with VWF knockout mice. Binding of fluorescent bacteria was followed in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated tissue by intravital microscopy applying the dorsal skinfold chamber model. Compared with wild-type mice (n=6), we found less bacteria in postcapillary (60±6 versus 32±5 bacteria) and collecting venules (48±5 versus 18±4 bacteria; P<0.05) of VWF knockout mice (n=5). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence that ULVWF contributes to the initial pathogenic step of S aureus-induced endocarditis in patients with an apparently intact endothelium. An intervention reducing the ULVWF formation with heparin or ADAMTS13 suggests novel therapeutic options to prevent infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin I Pappelbaum
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Kenner L, Hoebertz A, Beil FT, Keon N, Karreth F, Eferl R, Scheuch H, Szremska A, Amling M, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Wagner EF. Mice lacking JunB are osteopenic due to cell-autonomous osteoblast and osteoclast defects. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2011. [PMCID: PMC3241727 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2003081551956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Licht AH, Nübel T, Feldner A, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Marcello M, Demicheva E, Hu JH, Hartenstein B, Augustin HG, Hecker M, Angel P, Korff T, Schorpp-Kistner M. Junb regulates arterial contraction capacity, cellular contractility, and motility via its target Myl9 in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2307-18. [PMID: 20551518 DOI: 10.1172/jci41749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular contractility and, thus, the ability to alter cell shape are prerequisites for a number of important biological processes such as cytokinesis, movement, differentiation, and substrate adherence. The contractile capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is pivotal for the regulation of vascular tone and thus blood pressure and flow. Here, we report that conditional ablation of the transcriptional regulator Junb results in impaired arterial contractility in vivo and in vitro. This was exemplified by resistance of Junb-deficient mice to DOCA-salt-induced volume-dependent hypertension as well as by a decreased contractile capacity of isolated arteries. Detailed analyses of Junb-deficient VSMCs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and endothelial cells revealed a general failure in stress fiber formation and impaired cellular motility. Concomitantly, we identified myosin regulatory light chain 9 (Myl9), which is critically involved in actomyosin contractility and stress fiber assembly, as a Junb target. Consistent with these findings, reexpression of either Junb or Myl9 in Junb-deficient cells restored stress fiber formation, cellular motility, and contractile capacity. Our data establish a molecular link between the activator protein-1 transcription factor subunit Junb and actomyosin-based cellular motility as well as cellular and vascular contractility by governing Myl9 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Licht
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Marmé A, Zimmermann HP, Moldenhauer G, Schorpp-Kistner M, Müller C, Keberlein O, Giersch A, Kretschmer J, Seib B, Spiess E, Hunziker A, Merchán F, Möller P, Hahn U, Kurek R, Marmé F, Bastert G, Wallwiener D, Ponstingl H. Loss of Drop1 expression already at early tumor stages in a wide range of human carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2048-56. [PMID: 18709643 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a study on gene deregulation in ovarian carcinoma we found a mRNA coding for a 350 kDa protein, Drop1, to be downregulated 20- to 180-fold in the majority of ovarian and mammary carcinomas. The mRNA is encoded by a set of exons in the 5' region of the SYNE1 gene. Immunohistochemical staining for Drop1 protein by a specific monoclonal antibody corresponds to the pattern seen for the mRNA. cDNA arrays of matched pairs of tumor and normal tissue and in situ hybridizations confirmed the drastic loss of Drop1 mRNA as a common feature in uterus, cervix, kidney, lung, thyroid and pancreas carcinomas, already at early tumor stages and in all metastases. Two-hybrid studies suggest a role of this deficiency in the malignant progression of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Jurisch N, Textor B, van der Sanden M, Sator-Schmitt M, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. JunB: a novel key player in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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12
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Textor B, Licht AH, Tuckermann JP, Jessberger R, Razin E, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M, Hartenstein B. JunB is required for IgE-mediated degranulation and cytokine release of mast cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:6873-80. [PMID: 17982078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are effector cells of IgE-mediated immune responses frequently found at the vicinity of blood vessels, the margins of diverse tumors and at sites of potential infection and inflammation. Upon IgE-mediated stimulation, mast cells produce and secrete a broad spectrum of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Recent work identified JunB, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, as critical regulator of basal and induced expression of inflammatory mediators in fibroblasts and T cells. To study the impact of JunB on mast cell biology, we analyzed JunB-deficient mast cells. Mast cells lacking JunB display a normal in vivo maturation, and JunB-deficient bone marrow cells in vitro differentiated to mast cells show no alterations in proliferation or apoptosis. But these cells exhibit impaired IgE-mediated degranulation most likely due to diminished expression of SWAP-70, Synaptotagmin-1, and VAMP-8, and due to impaired influx of extracellular calcium. Moreover, JunB-deficient bone marrow mast cells display an altered cytokine expression profile in response to IgE stimulation. In line with these findings, the contribution of JunB-deficient mast cells to angiogenesis, as analyzed in an in vitro tube formation assay on matrigel, is severely impaired due to limiting amounts of synthesized and secreted vascular endothelial growth factor. Thus, JunB is a critical regulator of intrinsic mast cell functions including cross-talk with endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Textor
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Vogel J, Weigand MA, Behrens A, Wagner EF, Schorpp-Kistner M, Zimmermann M, Schenkel J. Infarct volume after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) can be reduced by attenuation but not by inactivation of c-Jun action. Brain Res 2007; 1151:12-9. [PMID: 17428453 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke therapy aims to save penumbral tissue from apoptosis that is activated in response to the ischemic injury. Since the c-Jun transcription factor plays a crucial role in promoting apoptosis, inhibition of its activation might reduce the final infarct size and thus increase functional outcome. To test this hypothesis we made use of four genetically modified mouse lines influencing the c-Jun pathway at various steps. Upon transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min and 24 h of reperfusion, infarct volume and number of ATF-2-, TUNEL- and cleaved Caspase-3-positive cells were determined in conditional c-Jun knock-out mice (cond. c-Jun), mice overexpressing JunB (JunBtg), mice lacking the phosphoacceptor serines 63 and 73 of c-Jun (JunAA) and in mice overexpressing Bcl-2 (Bcl-2tg). Cond. c-Jun as well as JunAA mice did not show significant differences in the infarct size when compared to their non-mutant controls. By contrast smaller infarct volumes were detected in transgenic mice merely attenuating c-Jun action (JunBtg and Bcl-2tg). ATF-2, TUNEL or cleaved Caspase-3 staining revealed no significant differences between the experimental groups. A complete lack of functional c-Jun might be compensated by other cellular mechanisms, in contrast to its reduced function. Thus, our data suggest that attenuation rather than a complete block of c-Jun action appears to be more promising for therapy of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Vogel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Hock TD, Liby K, Wright MM, McConnell S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Ryan TM, Agarwal A. JunB and JunD Regulate Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Expression in Renal Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:6875-86. [PMID: 17204476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608456200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 is a highly inducible gene, the product of which catalyzes breakdown of the prooxidant heme. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene in renal epithelial cells. DNase I hyper-sensitivity studies identified three distal sites (HS-2, -3, and -4) corresponding to approximately -4.0, -7.2, and -9.2 kb, respectively, of the heme oxygenase-1 promoter in addition to one proximal region, HS-1, which we have shown previously to be an E box. In vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting of the HS-2 region revealed six individual protected guanines. Two mutations within HS-2 combined with a third mutation of the proximal E box abolished hemin- and cadmium-driven heme oxygenase-1 promoter activation, suggesting that these three sites synergized for maximal heme oxygenase-1 induction. Jun proteins bound to the antioxidant response element in the HS-2 region in vitro and associated with the heme oxygenase-1 promoter in vivo. JunB and JunD contribute opposing effects; JunB activated whereas JunD repressed heme oxygenase-1 expression in human renal epithelial cells, results that were corroborated in junB(-)(/)(-) and junD(-)(/)(-) cells. We propose that heme oxygenase-1 induction is controlled by a dynamic interplay of regulatory proteins, and we provide new insights into the molecular control of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Hock
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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15
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Ott RG, Simma O, Kollmann K, Weisz E, Zebedin EM, Schorpp-Kistner M, Heller G, Zöchbauer S, Wagner EF, Freissmuth M, Sexl V. JunB is a gatekeeper for B-lymphoid leukemia. Oncogene 2007; 26:4863-71. [PMID: 17297445 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Loss of JunB has been observed in human leukemia and lymphoma, but it remains unknown, whether this loss is relevant to disease progression. Here, we investigated the consequences of JunB deficiency using Abelson-induced B-lymphoid leukemia as a model system. Mice deficient in JunB expression succumbed to Abelson-induced leukemia with increased incidence and significantly reduced latency. Similarly, bcr/abl p185-transformed JunB-deficient (junB(Delta/Delta)) cells induced leukemia in RAG2(-/-) mice displaying a more malignant phenotype. These observations indicated that cell intrinsic effects within the junB(Delta/Delta) tumor cells accounted for the accelerated leukemia development. Indeed, explantated bcr/abl p185 transformed junB(Delta/Delta) cells proliferated faster than the control cells. The proliferative advantage emerged slowly after the initial transformation process and was associated with increased expression levels of the cell cycle kinase cdk6 and with decreased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p16(INK4a). These alterations were due to irreversible reprogramming of the cell, because - once established - accelerated disease induced by junB(Delta/Delta) cells was not reverted by re-introducing JunB. Consistent with this observation, we found that the p16 promoter was methylated. Thus, JunB functions as a gatekeeper during tumor evolution. In its absence, transformed leukemic cells acquire an enhanced proliferative capacity, which presages a more malignant disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Gene Expression
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ott
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
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16
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Schmidt D, Textor B, Pein OT, Licht AH, Andrecht S, Sator-Schmitt M, Fusenig NE, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. Critical role for NF-kappaB-induced JunB in VEGF regulation and tumor angiogenesis. EMBO J 2007; 26:710-9. [PMID: 17255940 PMCID: PMC1794395 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is a complex process involving a plethora of transcriptional regulators. The AP-1 transcription factor is considered as facilitator of hypoxia-induced VEGF expression through interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) which plays a major role in mediating the cellular hypoxia response. As yet, both the decisive AP-1 subunit leading to VEGF induction and the molecular mechanism by which this subunit is activated have not been deciphered. Here, we demonstrate that the AP-1 subunit junB is a target gene of hypoxia-induced signaling via NF-kappaB. Loss of JunB in various cell types results in severely impaired hypoxia-induced VEGF expression, although HIF is present and becomes stabilized. Thus, we identify JunB as a critical independent regulator of VEGF transcription and provide a mechanistic explanation for the inherent vascular phenotypes seen in JunB-deficient embryos, ex vivo allantois explants and in vitro differentiated embryoid bodies. In support of these findings, tumor angiogenesis was impaired in junB(-/-) teratocarcinomas because of severely impaired paracrine-acting VEGF and the subsequent inability to efficiently recruit host-derived vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schmidt
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Textor
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Pein
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Licht
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Andrecht
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Sator-Schmitt
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert E Fusenig
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), A100, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. Tel.: +49 6221 42 4575; Fax: +49 6221 42 4554; E-mail:
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17
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Licht AH, Pein OT, Florin L, Hartenstein B, Reuter H, Arnold B, Lichter P, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. JunB is required for endothelial cell morphogenesis by regulating core-binding factor beta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 175:981-91. [PMID: 17158955 PMCID: PMC2064707 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200605149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism triggering the organization of endothelial cells (ECs) in multicellular tubules is mechanistically still poorly understood. We demonstrate that cell-autonomous endothelial functions of the AP-1 subunit JunB are required for proper endothelial morphogenesis both in vivo in mouse embryos with endothelial-specific ablation of JunB and in in vitro angiogenesis models. By cDNA microarray analysis, we identified core-binding factor beta (CBFbeta), which together with the Runx proteins forms the heterodimeric core-binding transcription complex CBF, as a novel JunB target gene. In line with our findings, expression of the CBF target MMP-13 was impaired in JunB-deficient ECs. Reintroduction of CBFbeta into JunB-deficient ECs rescued the tube formation defect and MMP-13 expression, indicating an important role for CBFbeta in EC morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Licht
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Physiological conditions like hypoxia or hypoglycemia trigger expression of VEGF, a key regulator of angiogenesis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the VEGF regulation of hypoglycemia, we investigated the role of AP-1 transcription factor subunits c-Jun and JunB. Using c-jun(-/-) and junB(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we demonstrate that both c-Jun and JunB are required for the hypoglycemia-mediated induction of VEGF expression. This process is independent of the master regulator of hypoxic stress HIF-1, as HIF expression and stabilization are not affected by the loss of AP-1 subunits. Analysis of signaling cascades regulating c-Jun and/or JunB activity and/or transcription upon hypoglycemia by application of specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling revealed that hypoglycemia-mediated induction of c-Jun is regulated via a PKCalpha-dependent signaling pathway. In contrast, JunB is activated by the MAP kinase ERK for the AP-1 subunits c-Jun and JunB to mediate VEGF regulaltion of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Textor
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Marmé F, Marmé A, Gack S, Angel P, Sohn C, Schorpp-Kistner M. Erhöhte Expression von löslichem ADAM 12 in der Plazenta und im Serum von Patientinnen mit Präeklampsie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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20
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Florin L, Knebel J, Zigrino P, Vonderstrass B, Mauch C, Schorpp-Kistner M, Szabowski A, Angel P. Delayed wound healing and epidermal hyperproliferation in mice lacking JunB in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:902-11. [PMID: 16439969 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous response to injury and stress comprises a temporary change in the balance between epidermal proliferation and differentiation as well as an activation of the immune system. Soluble factors play an important role in the regulation of these complex processes by coordinating the intercellular communication between keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. In this study, we demonstrate that JunB, a member of the activator protein-1 transcription factor family, is an important regulator of cytokine expression and thus critically involved in the cutaneous response to injury and stress. Mice lacking JunB in the skin develop normally, indicating that JunB is neither required for cutaneous organogenesis, nor homeostasis. However, upon wounding and treatment with the phorbol ester 12-O-decanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, JunB-deficiency in the skin likewise resulted in pronounced epidermal hyperproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and prolonged inflammation. Furthermore, delayed tissue remodelling was observed during wound healing. These phenotypic skin abnormalities were associated with JunB-dependent alterations in expression levels and kinetics of important mediators of wound repair, such as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, growth-regulated protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and lipocalin-2 in both the dermal and epidermal compartment of the skin, and a reduced ability of wound contraction of mutant dermal fibroblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Florin
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Hartenstein B, Dittrich BT, Stickens D, Heyer B, Vu TH, Teurich S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Werb Z, Angel P. Epidermal development and wound healing in matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:486-96. [PMID: 16374453 PMCID: PMC2767339 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrix, which is an indispensable step in tissue remodelling processes such as embryonic development and wound healing of the skin, has been attributed to collagenolytic activity of members of the matrix metalloproteinase family (MMPs). Here, we employed mmp13 knockout mice to elucidate the function of MMP13 in embryonic skin development, skin homeostasis, and cutaneous wound healing. Overall epidermal architecture and dermal composition of non-injured skin were indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Despite robust expression of MMP13 in the early phase of wound healing, wild-type and mmp13 knockout animals did not differ in their efficiency of re-epithelialization, inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and restoration of basement membrane. Yet, among other MMPs also expressed during wound healing, MMP8 was found to be enhanced in wounds of MMP13-deficient mice. In summary, skin homeostasis and also tissue remodelling processes like embryonic skin development and cutaneous wound healing are independent of MMP13 either owing to MMP13 dispensability or owing to functional substitution by other collagenolytic proteinases such as MMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hartenstein
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Thilo Dittrich
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Stickens
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Babette Heyer
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thiennu H. Vu
- Department of Medicine and Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sibylle Teurich
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Nausch N, Florin L, Hartenstein B, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M, Cerwenka A. Cutting edge: the AP-1 subunit JunB determines NK cell-mediated target cell killing by regulation of the NKG2D-ligand RAE-1epsilon. J Immunol 2006; 176:7-11. [PMID: 16365389 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The activating receptor NKG2D and its ligands RAE-1 play an important role in the NK, gammadelta+, and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response to tumors. Expression levels of RAE-1 on target cells have to be tightly controlled to allow immune cell activation against tumors but to avoid destruction of healthy tissues. In this study, we report that cell surface expression of RAE-1epsilon is greatly enhanced on cells lacking JunB, a subunit of the transcription complex AP-1. Furthermore, tissue-specific junB knockout mice respond to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, a potent AP-1 activator, with markedly increased and sustained epidermal RAE-1epsilon expression. Accordingly, junB-deficient cells are efficiently killed via NKG2D by NK cells and induce IFN-gamma production. Our data indicate that the transcription factor AP-1, which is involved in tumorigenesis and cellular stress responses, regulates RAE-1epsilon. Thus, up-regulated RAE-1epsilon expression due to low levels of JunB could alert immune cells to tumors and stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Nausch
- Division of Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Gack S, Marmé A, Marmé F, Wrobel G, Vonderstrass B, Bastert G, Lichter P, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. Preeclampsia: increased expression of soluble ADAM 12. J Mol Med (Berl) 2005; 83:887-96. [PMID: 16247621 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-005-0714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystemic pregnancy-associated disease affecting about 3-7% of pregnancies worldwide and is still a principal cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. To identify potential markers, we have compared gene expression profiles from control and preeclamptic placental tissues taken at various age-matched gestational stages using complementary DNA microarray analysis. Besides previously identified preeclampsia-associated genes, novel differentially expressed transcripts were found. The soluble form of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM 12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12; meltrin-alpha) represented the most upregulated transcript. This was confirmed by in situ hybridization of sections of preeclamptic placentas and by serum protein analysis of preeclamptic pregnant women. Thus, ADAM 12 could serve as an early biomarker for preeclampsia that may be of predictive and/or functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gack
- Division for Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor is mainly composed of Jun, Fos and ATF protein dimers. It mediates gene regulation in response to a plethora of physiological and pathological stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress signals, bacterial and viral infections, as well as oncogenic stimuli. Studies in genetically modified mice and cells have highlighted a crucial role for AP-1 in a variety of cellular events involved in normal development or neoplastic transformation causing cancer. However, emerging evidence indicates that the contribution of AP-1 to determination of cell fates critically depends on the relative abundance of AP-1 subunits, the composition of AP-1 dimers, the quality of stimulus, the cell type and the cellular environment. Therefore, AP-1-mediated regulation of processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and transformation should be considered within the context of a complex dynamic network of signalling pathways and other nuclear factors that respond simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Hess
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Stickens D, Behonick DJ, Ortega N, Heyer B, Hartenstein B, Yu Y, Fosang AJ, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Werb Z. Altered endochondral bone development in matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice. Development 2004; 131:5883-95. [PMID: 15539485 PMCID: PMC2771178 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The assembly and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are crucial processes during bone development. In this study, we show that ECM remodeling is a critical rate-limiting step in endochondral bone formation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (collagenase 3) is poised to play a crucial role in bone formation and remodeling because of its expression both in terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and in osteoblasts. Moreover, a mutation in the human MMP13 gene causes the Missouri variant of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Inactivation of Mmp13 in mice through homologous recombination led to abnormal skeletal growth plate development. Chondrocytes differentiated normally but their exit from the growth plate was delayed. The severity of the Mmp13- null growth plate phenotype increased until about 5 weeks and completely resolved by 12 weeks of age. Mmp13-null mice had increased trabecular bone, which persisted for months. Conditional inactivation of Mmp13 in chondrocytes and osteoblasts showed that increases in trabecular bone occur independently of the improper cartilage ECM degradation caused by Mmp13 deficiency in late hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our studies identified the two major components of the cartilage ECM, collagen type II and aggrecan, as in vivo substrates for MMP13. We found that degradation of cartilage collagen and aggrecan is a coordinated process in which MMP13 works synergistically with MMP9. Mice lacking both MMP13 and MMP9 had severely impaired endochondral bone, characterized by diminished ECM remodeling, prolonged chondrocyte survival, delayed vascular recruitment and defective trabecular bone formation (resulting in drastically shortened bones). These data support the hypothesis that proper ECM remodeling is the dominant rate-limiting process for programmed cell death, angiogenesis and osteoblast recruitment during normal skeletal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Stickens
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Danielle J. Behonick
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Nathalie Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Babette Heyer
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Bettina Hartenstein
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Amanda J. Fosang
- University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
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26
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Florin L, Hummerich L, Dittrich BT, Kokocinski F, Wrobel G, Gack S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Werner S, Hahn M, Lichter P, Szabowski A, Angel P. Identification of novel AP-1 target genes in fibroblasts regulated during cutaneous wound healing. Oncogene 2004; 23:7005-17. [PMID: 15273721 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions are increasingly considered to be of vital importance for epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. In skin, the transcription factor AP-1 was shown to be critically involved in the communication between keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. After skin injury, the release of IL-1 from keratinocytes induces the activity of the AP-1 subunits c-Jun and JunB in fibroblasts leading to a global change in gene expression. To identify AP-1 target genes in fibroblasts, which are involved in the process of cutaneous repair, we performed gene expression profiling of wild-type, c-jun- and junB-deficient fibroblasts in response to IL-1, mimicking the initial phase of wound healing. Using a 15K cDNA collection, over 1000 genes were found to be Jun-dependent and additional 300 clones showed IL-1 responsiveness. Combinatorial evaluation allowed for the dissection of the specific contribution of either AP-1 subunit to gene regulation. Besides previously identified genes that are involved in cutaneous repair, we have identified novel genes regulated during wound healing in vivo and showed their expression by fibroblasts on wound sections. The identification of novel Jun target genes should provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and the critical contribution of AP-1 to tissue homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Florin
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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27
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Bierbaum H, Baumann S, Herr I, Tuckermann JP, Hess J, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P. Early activation and induction of apoptosis in T cells is independent of c-Fos. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1010:225-31. [PMID: 15033726 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1299.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We used c-Fos-deficient activated T cells from the spleen and c-Fos-deficient thymocytes to address the capacity of these cells to undergo apoptosis in response to various stimuli. To determine the role of c-Fos in apoptosis regulation in thymocytes, we challenged thymocytes from wild-type and c-Fos-deficient mice with either TPA or the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. After various time points cells were stained according to the Nicoletti method and analyzed by FACS. Thymocytes from both genotypes exhibited similar efficiency of apoptosis in response to treatment with TPA or dexamethasone. Our data provide clear evidence that c-Fos is not required for apoptosis regulation in activated T cells as well as in thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bierbaum
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Kenner L, Hoebertz A, Beil FT, Beil T, Keon N, Karreth F, Eferl R, Scheuch H, Szremska A, Amling M, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Wagner EF. Mice lacking JunB are osteopenic due to cell-autonomous osteoblast and osteoclast defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 164:613-23. [PMID: 14769860 PMCID: PMC2171977 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200308155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Because JunB is an essential gene for placentation, it was conditionally deleted in the embryo proper. JunBΔ/Δ mice are born viable, but develop severe low turnover osteopenia caused by apparent cell-autonomous osteoblast and osteoclast defects before a chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease. Although JunB was reported to be a negative regulator of cell proliferation, junBΔ/Δ osteoclast precursors and osteoblasts show reduced proliferation along with a differentiation defect in vivo and in vitro. Mutant osteoblasts express elevated p16INK4a levels, but exhibit decreased cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression. Runx2 is transiently increased during osteoblast differentiation in vitro, whereas mature osteoblast markers such as osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein are strongly reduced. To support a cell-autonomous function of JunB in osteoclasts, junB was inactivated specifically in the macrophage–osteoclast lineage. Mutant mice develop an osteopetrosis-like phenotype with increased bone mass and reduced numbers of osteoclasts. Thus, these data reveal a novel function of JunB as a positive regulator controlling primarily osteoblast as well as osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kenner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Marmé A, Zimmermann HP, Moldenhauer G, Schorpp-Kistner M, Merchan T, Hahn U, Lindner M, Kurek R, Bastert G, Wallwiener D, Ponstingl H. Drop1, ein 350KDA-Kernprotein wird in Ovarialkarzinomen supprimiert. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-815218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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30
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Hess J, Hartenstein B, Teurich S, Schmidt D, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P. Defective endochondral ossification in mice with strongly compromised expression of JunB. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:4587-96. [PMID: 14576352 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis in mice has established an absolute requirement of JunB, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, during early embryonic development. To investigate the role of JunB during mid and late gestation and postnatally Ubi-junB transgenic mice were used to generate two junB–/– Ubi-junB mutant lines, in which embryonic lethality was rescued but strongly reduced JunB expression in several adult tissues was observed. Mutant mice from both rescue lines were growth retarded and shared significantly reduced longitudinal bone growth. Mutant long bones were characterised by reduced numbers of growth plate chondrocytes and a severe osteoporosis. Decreased JunB levels in epiphysal growth plate chondrocytes and bone lining osteoblasts correlated with deregulated expression of Cyclin A, Cyclin D1 and p16INK4a, key regulators of cell cycle control. Furthermore, junB–/– Ubi-junB bone marrow stromal cells were unable to differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts in vitro. Our data demonstrate that JunB plays a crucial role in endochondral ossification by regulating proliferation and function of chondrocytes and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Hess
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg
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31
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Hartenstein B, Teurich S, Hess J, Schenkel J, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P. Th2 cell-specific cytokine expression and allergen-induced airway inflammation depend on JunB. EMBO J 2002; 21:6321-9. [PMID: 12456639 PMCID: PMC136952 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into effector T helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 cells, which are classified by their specific set of cytokines. Here we demonstrate that loss of JunB in in vitro polarized Th2 cells led to a dysregulated expression of the Th2-specific cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. These cells produce IFN-gamma and express T-bet, the key regulator of Th1 cells. In line with the essential role of Th2 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, mice with JunB-deficient CD4+ T cells exhibited an impaired allergen-induced airway inflammation. This study demonstrates novel functions of JunB in the development of Th2 effector cells, for a normal Th2 cytokine expression pattern and for a complete Th2-dependent immune response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johannes Schenkel
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Department of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg and
Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | | - Peter Angel
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Department of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg and
Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
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32
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Abstract
JunB, a major component of the AP-1 transcription factor, is known to act antagonistically to c-Jun in transcriptional regulation and is proposed to be a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Employing fibroblasts derived from E9.5 junB(-/-) mouse embryos we provide evidence for a novel cell cycle promoting role of JunB. Despite a normal proliferation rate, primary and immortalized junB(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited an altered cell cycle profile, which was characterized by an increase in the population of S-phase cells, while that of cells in G(2)/M-phase was diminished. This delay in G(2)/M-transition is caused by impaired cyclin A-CDK2 and cyclin B-CDC2 kinase activities and counteracts the accelerated S-phase entry. Cells lacking JunB show severely delayed kinetics of cyclin A mRNA expression due to the loss of proper transcriptional activation mediated via binding of JunB to the CRE element in the cyclin A promoter. Upon reintroduction of an inducible JunB-ER(TM) expression vector the cell cycle distribution and the cell cycle-associated cyclin A-CDK2 kinase activity could be restored. Thus, cyclin A is a direct transcriptional target of JunB driving cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Andrecht
- Division for Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Maas-Szabowski N, Szabowski A, Stark HJ, Andrecht S, Kolbus A, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Fusenig NE. Organotypic Cocultures with Genetically Modified Mouse Fibroblasts as a Tool to Dissect Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Keratinocyte Growth and Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116:816-20. [PMID: 11348477 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organotypic cocultures of keratinocytes and fibroblasts generate a normal epidermis irrespective of the species and tissue origin of fibroblasts. The use of mouse fibroblasts and human keratinocytes facilitates the identification of the origin of compounds involved in epidermal tissue reconstitution and growth regulation. Moreover, the functional significance for the keratinocyte phenotype of genetically modified fibroblasts from transgenic or knockout mice, even those exhibiting an embryonic lethal phenotype, can be studied in such heterologous in vitro tissue equivalents. Here we communicate results of such studies revealing the antagonistic function of mouse fibroblasts defective in the AP-1 constituents c-Jun and JunB, respectively, on human keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Furthermore, the hematopoietic growth factor granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor has been identified as a novel regulator of keratinocyte growth and differentiation. As will be reported in detail elsewhere both granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and keratinocyte growth factor have been identified as major mediators of fibroblast-keratinocyte interactions and their expression is induced via AP-1 by interleukin-1 released by the epithelial cells. Thus, these heterologous cocultures provide a novel promising tool for elucidating molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and their consequences on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maas-Szabowski
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Abstract
The mouse skin has become the model of choice to study the regulation and function of AP-1 subunits in many physiological and pathological processes in vivo and in vitro. Genetically modified mice, in vitro reconstituted skin equivalents and epidermal cell lines were established, in which AP-1-regulated genetic programs of cell proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis can be analysed. Since the epidermis, as our interface with the environment, is subjected to radiation and injury, signal transduction pathways and critical AP-1 members regulating the mammalian stress response could be identified. Regulated expression of important components of the cytokine network, cell surface receptors and proteases, which orchestrate the process of wound healing has been found to rely on AP-1 activity. Here we review our current knowledge on the function of AP-1 subunits and AP-1 target genes in these fascinating fields of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Angel
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Verrecchia F, Tacheau C, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P, Mauviel A. Induction of the AP-1 members c-Jun and JunB by TGF-beta/Smad suppresses early Smad-driven gene activation. Oncogene 2001; 20:2205-11. [PMID: 11402315 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2001] [Revised: 01/25/2001] [Accepted: 02/05/2001] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Smad proteins transduce signals from TGF-beta receptors and regulate transcription of target genes. Among the latter are c-jun and junB, which encode members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors. In this study, we have investigated the functional interactions of the Smad and AP-1 transcription factors in the context of Smad-specific gene transactivation in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We demonstrate that overexpression of either junB or c-jun prevents TGF-beta- or Smad3-induced transactivation of the Smad-specific promoter construct (SBE)(4)-Lux. Inversely, Smad-driven promoter transactivation by TGF-beta/Smad is significantly enhanced when c-jun expression is abolished in HaCaT keratinocytes, and when junB expression is prevented in fibroblasts, consistent with the cell-type specific induction of jun members by TGF-beta. We also demonstrate that Smad-specific gene transactivation in junB(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts is significantly higher than in embryonic fibroblasts from the control parental mouse line, and that this difference is abolished by rescuing junB expression in junB(-/-) cells. Finally, we have determined that off-DNA interactions between Smad3 and both c-Jun and JunB result in the reduction of Smad3/DNA interactions. From these results, we provide a model in which jun expression in response to the initial Smad cascade represents a negative feed-back mechanism counteracting Smad-driven gene transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Verrecchia
- INSERM U532, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
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36
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Passegué E, Jochum W, Schorpp-Kistner M, Möhle-Steinlein U, Wagner EF. Chronic myeloid leukemia with increased granulocyte progenitors in mice lacking junB expression in the myeloid lineage. Cell 2001; 104:21-32. [PMID: 11163237 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The functions of JunB during myelopoiesis were studied in vivo. Transgenic mice specifically lacking JunB expression in the myeloid lineage (junB(-/-)Ubi-junB mice) develop a transplantable myeloproliferative disease eventually progressing to blast crisis, which resembles human chronic myeloid leukemia. Similarly, mice reconstituted with ES cell-derived junB-/- fetal liver cells also develop a myeloproliferative disease. In both cases, the absence of JunB expression results in increased numbers of granulocyte progenitors, which display enhanced GM-CSF-mediated proliferation and extended survival, associated with changes in the expression levels of the GM-CSFalpha receptor, the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2 and Bclx, and the cell cycle regulators p16(INK4a) and c-Jun. Importantly, ectopic expression of JunB fully reverts the immature and hyperproliferative phenotype of JunB-deficient myeloid cells. These results identify JunB as a key transcriptional regulator of myelopoiesis and a potential tumor suppressor gene.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Granulocytes/cytology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Leukopoiesis/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Transgenes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Passegué
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Szabowski A, Maas-Szabowski N, Andrecht S, Kolbus A, Schorpp-Kistner M, Fusenig NE, Angel P. c-Jun and JunB antagonistically control cytokine-regulated mesenchymal-epidermal interaction in skin. Cell 2000; 103:745-55. [PMID: 11114331 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells are responsible for organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. This mutual cross-talk involves cell surface proteins and soluble factors, which are mostly the result of regulated transcription. To elucidate dimer-specific functions of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, we reconstituted skin by combining primary human keratinocytes and mouse wild-type, c-jun(-/-), and junB(-/-) fibroblasts. We have discovered an antagonistic function of these AP-1 subunits in the fibroblast-mediated paracrine control of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and traced this effect to the IL-1-dependent regulation of KGF and GM-CSF. These data suggest that the relative activation state of these AP-1 subunits in a non-cell-autonomous, transregulatory fashion directs regeneration of the epidermis and maintenance of tissue homeostasis in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szabowski
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Abstract
Lack of JunB, an immediate early gene product and member of the AP-1 transcription factor family causes embryonic lethality between E8.5 and E10.0. Although mutant embryos are severely retarded in growth and development, cellular proliferation is apparently not impaired. Retardation and embryonic death are caused by the inability of JunB-deficient embryos to establish proper vascular interactions with the maternal circulation due to multiple defects in extra-embryonic tissues. The onset of the phenotypic defects correlates well with high expression of junB in wild-type extra-embryonic tissues. In trophoblasts, the lack of JunB causes a deregulation of proliferin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) gene expression, resulting in a defective neovascularization of the decidua. As a result of downregulation of the VEGF-receptor 1 (flt-1), blood vessels in the yolk sac mesoderm appeared dilated. Mutant embryos which escape these initial defects finally die from a non-vascularized placental labyrinth. Injection of junB-/- embryonic stem (ES) cells into tetraploid wild-type blastocysts resulted in a partial rescue, in which the ES cell-derived fetuses were no longer growth retarded and displayed a normal placental labyrinth. Therefore, JunB appears to be involved in multiple signaling pathways regulating genes involved in the establishment of a proper feto-maternal circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schorpp-Kistner
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Abteilung für Signaltransduktion und Wachstumskontrolle, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Porte D, Tuckermann J, Becker M, Baumann B, Teurich S, Higgins T, Owen MJ, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P. Both AP-1 and Cbfa1-like factors are required for the induction of interstitial collagenase by parathyroid hormone. Oncogene 1999; 18:667-78. [PMID: 9989817 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PTH is a major regulator of calcium homeostasis by mobilizing calcium through bone resorption. We show that the expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13), a member of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, required for the cleavage of collagens in the bone, is increased upon PTH injection in mice. A cis-acting element in the collagenase-3 promoter was identified which, together with AP-1, is required for induction by PTH. This element contains CCACA motifs which are required for binding of the 65 kDa osteoblast-specific splice variant of Cbfal. Introduction of mutations in this binding site that interfere with protein interaction also eliminates PTH inducibility and transactivation by Cbfa/ Runt proteins. While DNA binding activity of AP-1 is increased upon PTH treatment, high basal level of Cbfa/Runt binding activity is detectable in untreated cells which is not further increased by PTH, suggesting that AP-1 and Cbfal contribute to transcriptional activation through different mechanisms. In agreement with the critical role of both proteins defined in tissue culture cells, expression of collagenase-3 is reduced in mice lacking c-fos and is completely absent in cbfa1-/-embryos. These data provide the first evidence for a critical role of Cbfal, a major regulator of bone development, in PTH-dependent processes such as bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porte
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abteilung Signaltransduktion und Wachstumskontrolle, Heidelberg, Germany
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