1
|
Biswas U, Deb Mallik T, Pschirer J, Lesche M, Sameith K, Jessberger R. Cohesin SMC1β promotes closed chromatin and controls TERRA expression at spermatocyte telomeres. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201798. [PMID: 37160312 PMCID: PMC10172765 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data showed that meiotic cohesin SMC1β protects spermatocyte telomeres from damage. The underlying reason, however, remained unknown as the expressions of telomerase and shelterin components were normal in Smc1β -/- spermatocytes. Here. we report that SMC1β restricts expression of the long noncoding RNA TERRA (telomeric repeat containing RNA) in spermatocytes. In somatic cell lines increased TERRA was reported to cause telomere damage through altering telomere chromatin structure. In Smc1β -/- spermatocytes, we observed strongly increased levels of TERRA which accumulate on damaged chromosomal ends, where enhanced R-loop formation was found. This suggested a more open chromatin configuration near telomeres in Smc1β -/- spermatocytes, which was confirmed by ATAC-seq. Telomere-distal regions were not affected by the absence of SMC1β but RNA-seq revealed increased transcriptional activity in telomere-proximal regions. Thus, SMC1β promotes closed chromatin specifically near telomeres and limits TERRA expression in spermatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanaya Deb Mallik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Pschirer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Lesche
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Genome Center Technology Platform, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Sameith
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Genome Center Technology Platform, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jessberger R. Rolf Jessberger: cohesin, telomeres, & germ cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302208. [PMID: 37348955 PMCID: PMC10288032 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rolf Jessberger is Professor and Chairman at the Institute of Physiological Chemistry, and Faculty of Medicine at the Technische Universität Dresden. We asked him about his recent article published in Life Science Alliance (LSA) and his experience in science thus far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Flores Castro D, Gupta S, Phalke S, Manni M, Rivera-Correa J, Jessberger R, Zaghouani H, Giannopoulou E, Pannellini T, Pernis AB. Interleukin-13 Receptor α1-Mediated Signaling Regulates Age-Associated/Autoimmune B Cell Expansion and Lupus Pathogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1544-1555. [PMID: 35438841 PMCID: PMC9427689 DOI: 10.1002/art.42146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-associated/autoimmune B cells (ABCs) are an emerging B cell subset with aberrant expansion in systemic lupus erythematosus. ABC generation and differentiation exhibit marked sexual dimorphism, and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) engagement is a key contributor to these sex differences. ABC generation is also controlled by interleukin-21 (IL-21) and its interplay with interferon-γ and IL-4. This study was undertaken to investigate whether IL-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1), an X-linked receptor that transmits IL-4/IL-13 signals, regulates ABCs and lupus pathogenesis. METHODS Mice lacking DEF-6 and switch-associated protein 70 (double-knockout [DKO]), which preferentially develop lupus in females, were crossed with IL-13Rα1-knockout mice. IL-13Rα1-knockout male mice were also crossed with Y chromosome autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) DKO mice, which overexpress TLR-7 and develop severe disease. ABCs were assessed using flow cytometry and RNA-Seq. Lupus pathogenesis was evaluated using serologic and histologic analyses. RESULTS ABCs expressed higher levels of IL-13Rα1 than follicular B cells. The absence of IL-13Rα1 in either DKO female mice or Yaa DKO male mice decreased the accumulation of ABCs, the differentiation of ABCs into plasmablasts, and autoantibody production. Lack of IL-13Rα1 also prolonged survival and delayed the development of tissue inflammation. IL-13Rα1 deficiency diminished in vitro generation of ABCs, an effect that, surprisingly, could be observed in response to IL-21 alone. RNA-Seq revealed that ABCs lacking IL-13Rα1 down-regulated some histologic characteristics of B cells but up-regulated myeloid markers and proinflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a novel role for IL-13Rα1 in controlling ABC generation and differentiation, suggesting that IL-13Rα1 contributes to these effects by regulating a subset of IL-21-mediated signaling events. These results also suggest that X-linked genes besides TLR7 participate in the regulation of ABCs in lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universitat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Division and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra B. Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schedel A, Friedrich UA, Morcos MNF, Wagener R, Mehtonen J, Watrin T, Saitta C, Brozou T, Michler P, Walter C, Försti A, Baksi A, Menzel M, Horak P, Paramasivam N, Fazio G, Autry RJ, Fröhling S, Suttorp M, Gertzen C, Gohlke H, Bhatia S, Wadt K, Schmiegelow K, Dugas M, Richter D, Glimm H, Heinäniemi M, Jessberger R, Cazzaniga G, Borkhardt A, Hauer J, Auer F. Recurrent Germline Variant in RAD21 Predisposes Children to Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095174. [PMID: 35563565 PMCID: PMC9106003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic loss of function mutations in cohesin genes are frequently associated with various cancer types, while cohesin disruption in the germline causes cohesinopathies such as Cornelia-de-Lange syndrome (CdLS). Here, we present the discovery of a recurrent heterozygous RAD21 germline aberration at amino acid position 298 (p.P298S/A) identified in three children with lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma in a total dataset of 482 pediatric cancer patients. While RAD21 p.P298S/A did not disrupt the formation of the cohesin complex, it altered RAD21 gene expression, DNA damage response and primary patient fibroblasts showed increased G2/M arrest after irradiation and Mitomycin-C treatment. Subsequent single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of healthy human bone marrow confirmed the upregulation of distinct cohesin gene patterns during hematopoiesis, highlighting the importance of RAD21 expression within proliferating B- and T-cells. Our clinical and functional data therefore suggest that RAD21 germline variants can predispose to childhood lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma without displaying a CdLS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schedel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (U.A.F.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Ulrike Anne Friedrich
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (U.A.F.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina N. F. Morcos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.N.F.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (R.W.); (T.W.); (T.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Titus Watrin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (R.W.); (T.W.); (T.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Claudia Saitta
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatrics, University of Milan Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Triantafyllia Brozou
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (R.W.); (T.W.); (T.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Pia Michler
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (U.A.F.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.W.); (M.D.)
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.J.A.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arka Baksi
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Maria Menzel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (U.A.F.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Horak
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.H.); (S.F.)
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatrics, University of Milan Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Robert J Autry
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.J.A.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.H.); (S.F.)
| | - Meinolf Suttorp
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (U.A.F.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Christoph Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.G.); (H.G.)
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.G.); (H.G.)
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (R.W.); (T.W.); (T.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Faculty of health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.W.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Richter
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.R.); (H.G.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.R.); (H.G.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatrics, University of Milan Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (R.W.); (T.W.); (T.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.N.F.M.); (F.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(89)-3068-3940
| | - Franziska Auer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.N.F.M.); (F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dohnke S, Moehser S, Surnov A, Kurth T, Jessberger R, Kretschmer K, Garbe AI. Role of Dynamic Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling in Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Development and Function: Implications for Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836646. [PMID: 35359955 PMCID: PMC8963504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In T cells, processes such as migration and immunological synapse formation are accompanied by the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which has been suggested to be mediated by regulators of RhoGTPases and by F-actin bundlers. SWAP-70 controls F-actin dynamics in various immune cells, but its role in T cell development and function has remained incompletely understood. CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 employ diverse mechanisms to suppress innate and adaptive immunity, which is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Here, we propose Swap-70 as a novel member of the Foxp3-dependent canonical Treg cell signature. We show that Swap-70-/- mice have increased numbers of Foxp3+ Treg cells with an effector/memory-like phenotype that exhibit impaired suppressor function in vitro, but maintain overall immune homeostasis in vivo. Upon formation of an immunological synapse with antigen presenting cells in vitro, cytosolic SWAP-70 protein is selectively recruited to the interface in Treg cells. In this context, Swap-70-/- Treg cells fail to downregulate CD80/CD86 on osteoclast precursor cells by trans-endocytosis and to efficiently suppress osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function. These data provide first evidence for a crucial role of SWAP-70 in Treg cell biology and further highlight the important non-immune function of Foxp3+ Treg cells in bone homeostasis mediated through direct SWAP-70-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dohnke
- Osteoimmunology, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Moehser
- Osteoimmunology, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technology Platform, Electron Microscopy and Histology Facility, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette I. Garbe
- Osteoimmunology, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Annette I. Garbe,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nabi D, Drechsler H, Pschirer J, Korn F, Schuler N, Diez S, Jessberger R, Chacón M. CENP-V is required for proper chromosome segregation through interaction with spindle microtubules in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6547. [PMID: 34764261 PMCID: PMC8586017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper chromosome segregation is essential to avoid aneuploidy, yet this process fails with increasing age in mammalian oocytes. Here we report a role for the scarcely described protein CENP-V in oocyte spindle formation and chromosome segregation. We show that depending on the oocyte maturation state, CENP-V localizes to centromeres, to microtubule organizing centers, and to spindle microtubules. We find that Cenp-V-/- oocytes feature severe deficiencies, including metaphase I arrest, strongly reduced polar body extrusion, increased numbers of mis-aligned chromosomes and aneuploidy, multipolar spindles, unfocused spindle poles and loss of kinetochore spindle fibres. We also show that CENP-V protein binds, diffuses along, and bundles microtubules in vitro. The spindle assembly checkpoint arrests about half of metaphase I Cenp-V-/- oocytes from young adults only. This finding suggests checkpoint weakening in ageing oocytes, which mature despite carrying mis-aligned chromosomes. Thus, CENP-V is a microtubule bundling protein crucial to faithful oocyte meiosis, and Cenp-V-/- oocytes reveal age-dependent weakening of the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalileh Nabi
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hauke Drechsler
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Pschirer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Korn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Schuler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mariola Chacón
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- CABIMER, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular & Medicina Regenerativa, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klewer T, Bakic L, Müller-Reichert T, Kiewisz R, Jessberger G, Kiessling N, Roers A, Jessberger R. E-Cadherin restricts mast cell degranulation in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:44-53. [PMID: 34606636 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinking of FcεRI-bound IgE triggers the release of a large number of biologically active, potentially anaphylactic compounds by mast cells. FcεRI activation ought to be well-controlled to restrict adverse activation. As mast cells are embedded in tissues, adhesion molecules may contribute to limiting premature activation. Here, we report that E-Cadherin serves that purpose. Having confirmed that cultured mast cells express E-Cadherin, a mast-cell-specific E-Cadherin deficiency, Mcpt5-Cre E-Cdhfl/fl mice, was used to analyze mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Cultured peritoneal mast cells from Mcpt5-Cre E-Cdhfl/fl mice were normal with respect to many parameters but showed much-enhanced degranulation in three independent assays. Soluble E-Cadherin reduced the degranulation of control cells. The release of some newly synthesized inflammatory cytokines was decreased by E-Cadherin deficiency. Compared to controls, Mcpt5-Cre E-Cdhfl/fl mice reacted much stronger to IgE-dependent stimuli, developing anaphylactic shock. We suggest E-Cadherin-mediated tissue interactions restrict mast cell degranulation to prevent their precocious activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theres Klewer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ljubica Bakic
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Kiewisz
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Kiessling
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ricker E, Manni M, Flores-Castro D, Jenkins D, Gupta S, Rivera-Correa J, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Pannellini T, Bachu M, Chinenov Y, Sculco PK, Jessberger R, Prak ETL, Pernis AB. Altered function and differentiation of age-associated B cells contribute to the female bias in lupus mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4813. [PMID: 34376664 PMCID: PMC8355159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in immune responses to viruses and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can show sexual dimorphism. Age-associated B cells (ABC) are a population of CD11c+T-bet+ B cells critical for antiviral responses and autoimmune disorders. Absence of DEF6 and SWAP-70, two homologous guanine exchange factors, in double-knock-out (DKO) mice leads to a lupus-like syndrome in females marked by accumulation of ABCs. Here we demonstrate that DKO ABCs show sex-specific differences in cell number, upregulation of an ISG signature, and further differentiation. DKO ABCs undergo oligoclonal expansion and differentiate into both CD11c+ and CD11c- effector B cell populations with pathogenic and pro-inflammatory function as demonstrated by BCR sequencing and fate-mapping experiments. Tlr7 duplication in DKO males overrides the sex-bias and further augments the dissemination and pathogenicity of ABCs, resulting in severe pulmonary inflammation and early mortality. Thus, sexual dimorphism shapes the expansion, function and differentiation of ABCs that accompanies TLR7-driven immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danny Flores-Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Division and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Bachu
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter K Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universitat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muhandes L, Chapsa M, Pippel M, Behrendt R, Ge Y, Dahl A, Yi B, Dalpke A, Winkler S, Hiller M, Boutin S, Beissert S, Jessberger R, Fallon PG, Roers A. Low Threshold for Cutaneous Allergen Sensitization but No Spontaneous Dermatitis or Atopy in FLG-Deficient Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2611-2619.e2. [PMID: 33894197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of FLG causes ichthyosis vulgaris. Reduced FLG expression compromises epidermal barrier function and is associated with atopic dermatitis, allergy, and asthma. The flaky tail mouse harbors two mutations that affect the skin barrier, Flgft, resulting in hypomorphic FLG expression, and Tmem79ma, inactivating TMEM79. Mice defective only for TMEM79 featured dermatitis and systemic atopy, but also Flgft/ft BALB/c congenic mice developed eczema, high IgE, and spontaneous asthma, suggesting that FLG protects from atopy. In contrast, a targeted Flg-knockout mutation backcrossed to BALB/c did not result in dermatitis or atopy. To resolve this discrepancy, we generated FLG-deficient mice on pure BALB/c background by inactivating Flg in BALB/c embryos. These mice feature an ichthyosis phenotype, barrier defect, and facilitated percutaneous sensitization. However, they do not develop dermatitis or atopy. Whole-genome sequencing of the atopic Flgft BALB/c congenics revealed that they were homozygous for the atopy-causing Tmem79matted mutation. In summary, we show that FLG deficiency does not cause atopy in mice, in line with lack of atopic disease in a fraction of patients with ichthyosis vulgaris carrying two Flg null alleles. However, the absence of FLG likely promotes and modulates dermatitis caused by other genetic barrier defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Muhandes
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Chapsa
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, School of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Pippel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Ge
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Buqing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylke Winkler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastien Boutin
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, School of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van der Bijl N, Röpke A, Biswas U, Wöste M, Jessberger R, Kliesch S, Friedrich C, Tüttelmann F. Mutations in the stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) gene cause male infertility due to meiotic arrest. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2112-2119. [PMID: 31682730 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are sequence variants in the stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) gene a cause for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in infertile human males? SUMMARY ANSWER Sequence variants affecting protein function of STAG3 cause male infertility due to meiotic arrest. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In both women and men, STAG3 encodes for a meiosis-specific protein that is crucial for the functionality of meiotic cohesin complexes. Sequence variants in STAG3 have been reported to cause meiotic arrest in male and female mice and premature ovarian failure in human females, but not in infertile human males so far. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The full coding region of STAG3 was sequenced directly in a cohort of 28 men with NOA due to meiotic arrest. In addition, a larger group of 275 infertile men that underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) was screened for potential STAG3 sequence variants. Furthermore, meiotic spreads, immunohistochemistry, WES and population sampling probability (PSAP) have been conducted in the index case. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study included 28 infertile but otherwise healthy human males who underwent Sanger sequencing of the full coding region of STAG3. Additionally, WES data of 275 infertile human males with different infertility phenotypes have been screened for relevant STAG3 variants. All participants underwent karyotype analysis and azoospermia factor (AZF) screening in advance. In the index patient, segregation analysis, WES data, PSAP, lab parameters, testis histology and nuclear spreads have been added to suplort the findings. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Two compound-heterozygous variants in STAG3 (c.[1262T>G];[1312C>T], p.[(Leu421Arg)];[(Arg438Ter)]) have been found to cause male infertility due to complete bilateral meiotic arrest in an otherwise healthy human male. Compound heterozygosity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the parents and the patient's brother. Other variants which may affect spermatogenesis have been ruled out through analysis of the patient's WES data and application of the PSAP pipeline. As expected from Stag3 knockout-mice meiotic spreads, germ cells did not develop further than zygotene and showed drastic chromosome aberrations. No rare variants in STAG3 were found in the 275 infertile males with other phenotypes. Our results indicate that STAG3 variants that negatively affect its protein function are a rare cause of NOA (<1% of cases). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We identified only one patient with compound-heterozygous variants in STAG3 causing NOA due to meiotic arrest. Future studies should evaluate STAG3 variants in larger cohorts to support this finding. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Identification of STAG3 sequence variants in infertile human males should improve genetic counselling as well as diagnostics and treatment. Especially before testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for ICSI, STAG3 variants should be ruled out to prevent unnecessary interventions with frustrating outcomes for both patients and clinicians. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was carried out within the frame of the German Research Foundation (DFG) Clinical Research Unit 'Male Germ Cells: from Genes to Function' (CRU326). Work in the laboratory of R.J. is supported by a grant of the European Union H2020 program GermAge. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N van der Bijl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Röpke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - U Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Wöste
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Popović J, Wellstein I, Pernis A, Jessberger R, Ocaña-Morgner C. Control of GM-CSF-Dependent Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Maturation by DEF6 and SWAP-70. J Immunol 2020; 205:1306-1317. [PMID: 32709659 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although GM-CSF has been widely used in dendritic cell (DC) research, the mechanisms, factors, and signals regulating steady-state differentiation and maturation of GM-CSF-dependent DCs are insufficiently known. We found that the absence, individually or combined, of the related proteins DEF6 and SWAP-70 strongly enhances differentiation of murine GM-CSF-derived DCs. Contrasting SWAP-70, control through DEF6 does not depend on RHOA activation. DEF6 deficiency leads to expression of the DC-specific transcription factor ZBTB46 and prolonged STAT5 activation in GM-CSF cultures. SWAP-70 and DEF6-mediated restriction of DC differentiation converges mechanistically at the NF-κB pathway. DEF6 acts at early stages of DC differentiation in CD115-cKIT+ myeloid DC progenitors, whereas SWAP-70 acts subsequently. SWAP-70 and DEF6 regulate steady-state DC cytokine expression as well as in vivo accumulation in lymphatic tissue of migratory DCs. Our studies thus elucidate previously unknown roles of two closely related factors with distinct and complementary activities in DC differentiation and steady-state DC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popović
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Unversität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Inga Wellstein
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Unversität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Alessandra Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Unversität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Carlos Ocaña-Morgner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Unversität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McNicoll F, Kühnel A, Biswas U, Hempel K, Whelan G, Eichele G, Jessberger R. Meiotic sex chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis are supported by Esco2. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900564. [PMID: 32051254 PMCID: PMC7025286 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitotic cells, establishment of sister chromatid cohesion requires acetylation of the cohesin subunit SMC3 (acSMC3) by ESCO1 and/or ESCO2. Meiotic cohesin plays additional but poorly understood roles in the formation of chromosome axial elements (AEs) and synaptonemal complexes. Here, we show that levels of ESCO2, acSMC3, and the pro-cohesion factor sororin increase on meiotic chromosomes as homologs synapse. These proteins are less abundant on the largely unsynapsed sex chromosomes, whose sister chromatid cohesion appears weaker throughout the meiotic prophase. Using three distinct conditional Esco2 knockout mouse strains, we demonstrate that ESCO2 is essential for male gametogenesis. Partial depletion of ESCO2 in prophase I spermatocytes delays chromosome synapsis and further weakens cohesion along sex chromosomes, which show extensive separation of AEs into single chromatids. Unsynapsed regions of autosomes are associated with the sex chromatin and also display split AEs. This study provides the first evidence for a specific role of ESCO2 in mammalian meiosis, identifies a particular ESCO2 dependence of sex chromosome cohesion and suggests support of autosomal synapsis by acSMC3-stabilized cohesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François McNicoll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriela Whelan
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
F-actin binding and bundling are crucial to a plethora of cell processes, including morphogenesis, migration, adhesion and many others. SWAP-70 was recently described as an in vitro F-actin-binding and -bundling protein. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy measurements with purified recombinant SWAP-70 confirmed that it forms stable oligomers that facilitate F-actin bundling. However, it remained unclear how SWAP-70 oligomerization and F-actin binding are controlled in living cells. We addressed this by biophysical approaches, including seFRET, FACS-FRET and FLIM-FRET. PIP3-mediated association with the cytoplasmic membrane and non-phosphorylated Y426 are required for SWAP-70 to dimerize and to bind F-actin. The dimerization region was identified near the C terminus where R546 is required for dimerization and, thus, F-actin bundling. The in vitro and in vivo data presented here reveal the functional relationship between the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation and dimerization of SWAP-70, and F-actin binding and bundling, and demonstrate that SWAP-70 is a finely controlled modulator of membrane-proximal F-actin dynamics.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Betaneli
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huber M, Cato ACB, Ainooson GK, Freichel M, Tsvilovskyy V, Jessberger R, Riedlinger E, Sommerhoff CP, Bischoff SC. Regulation of the pleiotropic effects of tissue-resident mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S31-S45. [PMID: 30772496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are best known for their detrimental role in patients with allergic diseases, act in a diverse array of physiologic and pathologic functions made possible by the plurality of MC types. Their various developmental avenues and distinct sensitivity to (micro-) environmental conditions convey extensive heterogeneity, resulting in diverse functions. We briefly summarize this heterogeneity, elaborate on molecular determinants that allow MCs to communicate with their environment to fulfill their tasks, discuss the protease repertoire stored in secretory lysosomes, and consider different aspects of MC signaling. Furthermore, we describe key MC governance mechanisms (ie, the high-affinity receptor for IgE [FcεRI]), the stem cell factor receptor KIT, the IL-4 system, and both Ca2+- and phosphatase-dependent mechanisms. Finally, we focus on distinct physiologic functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, host defense, and the regulation of MC functions at the mucosal barriers of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. A deeper knowledge of the pleiotropic functions of MC mediators, as well as the molecular processes of MC regulation and communication, should enable us to promote beneficial MC traits in physiology and suppress detrimental MC functions in patients with disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrew C B Cato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - George K Ainooson
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Riedlinger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Niemeyer J, Mentrup T, Heidasch R, Müller SA, Biswas U, Meyer R, Papadopoulou AA, Dederer V, Haug-Kröper M, Adamski V, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Bergmann M, Mayerhofer A, Saftig P, Wennemuth G, Jessberger R, Fluhrer R, Lichtenthaler SF, Lemberg MK, Schröder B. The intramembrane protease SPPL2c promotes male germ cell development by cleaving phospholamban. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846449. [PMID: 30733280 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the four homologous SPP-like (SPPL) proteases constitute a family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases with selectivity for type II-oriented transmembrane segments. Here, we analyse the physiological function of the orphan protease SPPL2c, previously considered to represent a non-expressed pseudogene. We demonstrate proteolytic activity of SPPL2c towards selected tail-anchored proteins. Despite shared ER localisation, SPPL2c and SPP exhibit distinct, though partially overlapping substrate spectra and inhibitory profiles, and are organised in different high molecular weight complexes. Interestingly, SPPL2c is specifically expressed in murine and human testis where it is primarily localised in spermatids. In mice, SPPL2c deficiency leads to a partial loss of elongated spermatids and reduced motility of mature spermatozoa, but preserved fertility. However, matings of male and female SPPL2c -/- mice exhibit reduced litter sizes. Using proteomics we identify the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2)-regulating protein phospholamban (PLN) as a physiological SPPL2c substrate. Accumulation of PLN correlates with a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels in elongated spermatids that likely contribute to the compromised male germ cell differentiation and function of SPPL2c -/- mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Niemeyer
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronny Heidasch
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rieke Meyer
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Dederer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Haug-Kröper
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivian Adamski
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany .,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biswas U, Stevense M, Jessberger R. SMC1α Substitutes for Many Meiotic Functions of SMC1β but Cannot Protect Telomeres from Damage. Curr Biol 2018; 28:249-261.e4. [PMID: 29337080 PMCID: PMC5788747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cohesin complex is built upon the SMC1/SMC3 heterodimer, and mammalian meiocytes feature two variants of SMC1 named SMC1α and SMC1β. It is unclear why these two SMC1 variants have evolved. To determine unique versus redundant functions of SMC1β, we asked which of the known functions of SMC1β can be fulfilled by SMC1α. Smc1α was expressed under control of the Smc1β promoter in either wild-type or SMC1β-deficient mice. No effect was seen in the former. However, several major phenotypes of SMC1β-deficient spermatocytes were rescued by SMC1α. We observed extended development before apoptosis and restoration of axial element and synaptonemal complex lengths, chromosome synapsis, sex body formation, processing of DNA double-strand breaks, and formation of MLH1 recombination foci. This supports the concept that the quantity rather than the specific quality of cohesin complexes is decisive for meiotic chromosome architecture. It also suggests plasticity in complex composition, because to replace SMC1β in many functions, SMC1α has to more extensively associate with other cohesins. The cells did not complete meiosis but died to the latest at the pachytene-to-diplotene transition. Telomere aberrations known from Smc1β−/− mice persisted, and DNA damage response and repair proteins accumulated there regardless of expression of SMC1α. Thus, whereas SMC1α can substitute for SMC1β in many functions, the protection of telomere integrity requires SMC1β. SMC1α can substitute for SMC1β in many meiotic functions Key for many meiotic functions is the quantity of cohesin, not the specific type Telomere integrity can be preserved only by SMC1β In the absence of SMC1β, a DNA damage response is triggered at telomeres
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michelle Stevense
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Akpınar M, Lesche M, Fanourgakis G, Fu J, Anastassiadis K, Dahl A, Jessberger R. Correction: TDRD6 mediates early steps of spliceosome maturation in primary spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006989. [PMID: 28863135 PMCID: PMC5580917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
18
|
Carvalhal S, Stevense M, Koehler K, Naumann R, Huebner A, Jessberger R, Griffis ER. ALADIN is required for the production of fertile mouse oocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2470-2478. [PMID: 28768824 PMCID: PMC5597320 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoporin ALADIN is required for multiple stages of oocyte maturation and for supporting embryonic divisions postfertilization. Asymmetric cell divisions depend on the precise placement of the spindle apparatus. In mammalian oocytes, spindles assemble close to the cell’s center, but chromosome segregation takes place at the cell periphery where half of the chromosomes are expelled into small, nondeveloping polar bodies at anaphase. By dividing so asymmetrically, most of the cytoplasmic content within the oocyte is preserved, which is critical for successful fertilization and early development. Recently we determined that the nucleoporin ALADIN participates in spindle assembly in somatic cells, and we have also shown that female mice homozygously null for ALADIN are sterile. In this study we show that this protein is involved in specific meiotic stages, including meiotic resumption, spindle assembly, and spindle positioning. In the absence of ALADIN, polar body extrusion is compromised due to problems in spindle orientation and anchoring at the first meiotic anaphase. ALADIN null oocytes that mature far enough to be fertilized in vitro are unable to support embryonic development beyond the two-cell stage. Overall, we find that ALADIN is critical for oocyte maturation and appears to be far more essential for this process than for somatic cell divisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carvalhal
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Stevense
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Koehler
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Huebner
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric R Griffis
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chandrasekaran U, Yi W, Gupta S, Weng CH, Giannopoulou E, Chinenov Y, Jessberger R, Weaver CT, Bhagat G, Pernis AB. Regulation of Effector Treg Cells in Murine Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1454-66. [PMID: 26816213 DOI: 10.1002/art.39599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treg cells need to acquire an effector phenotype to function in settings of inflammation. Whether effector Treg cells can limit disease severity in lupus is unknown. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4) is an essential controller of effector Treg cells and regulates their ability to express interleukin-10 (IL-10). In non-Treg cells, IRF-4 activity is modulated by interactions with DEF-6 and its homolog switch-associated protein 70 (SWAP-70). Although mice lacking both DEF-6 and SWAP-70 (double-knockout [DKO] mice) develop lupus, they display normal survival, suggesting that in DKO mice, Treg cells can moderate disease development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Treg cells from DKO mice have an increased capacity to become effector Treg cells due to the ability of DEF-6 and SWAP-70 to restrain IRF-4 activity. METHODS Treg cells were evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1)/IL-10 axis was assessed by crossing DKO mice with BLIMP-1-YFP-10BiT dual-reporter mice. Deletion of IRF-4 in Treg cells from DKO mice was achieved by generating FoxP3(Cre) IRF-4(fl/fl) DKO mice. RESULTS The concomitant absence of DEF-6 and SWAP-70 led to increased numbers of Treg cells, which acquired an effector phenotype in a cell-intrinsic manner. In addition, Treg cells from DKO mice exhibited enhanced expression of the BLIMP-1/IL-10 axis. Notably, DKO effector Treg cells survived and expanded as disease progressed. The accumulation of Treg cells from DKO mice was associated with the up-regulation of genes controlling autophagy. IRF-4 was required for the expansion and function of effector Treg cells from DKO mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed the existence of mechanisms that, by acting on IRF-4, can fine-tune the function and survival of effector Treg cells in lupus. These findings suggest that the existence of a powerful effector Treg cell compartment that successfully survives in an unfavorable inflammatory environment could limit disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Woelsung Yi
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Chien-Huan Weng
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, and New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | | | | | - Govind Bhagat
- Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ocaña-Morgner C, Sales S, Rothe M, Shevchenko A, Jessberger R. Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c + Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. J Immunol 2017; 198:4360-4372. [PMID: 28468968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids affect the membrane properties determining essential biological processes. Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. An increase of ceramide (Cer) was a hallmark for LPS activation. SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70-/- cells caused decreased apoptosis. This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ocaña-Morgner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01307, Germany; and
| | - Susanne Sales
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Manuela Rothe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01307, Germany; and
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01307, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Akpınar M, Lesche M, Fanourgakis G, Fu J, Anasstasiadis K, Dahl A, Jessberger R. TDRD6 mediates early steps of spliceosome maturation in primary spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006660. [PMID: 28263986 PMCID: PMC5358835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor containing protein 6 (TDRD6) is a male germ line-specific protein essential for chromatoid body (ChB) structure, elongated spermatid development and male fertility. Here we show that in meiotic prophase I spermatocytes TDRD6 interacts with the key protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5, which supports splicing. TDRD6 also associates with spliceosomal core protein SmB in the absence of RNA and in an arginine methylation dependent manner. In Tdrd6-/- diplotene spermatocytes PRMT5 association with SmB and arginine dimethylation of SmB are much reduced. TDRD6 deficiency impairs the assembly of spliceosomes, which feature 3.5-fold increased levels of U5 snRNPs. In the nucleus, these deficiencies in spliceosome maturation correlate with decreased numbers of SMN-positive bodies and Cajal bodies involved in nuclear snRNP maturation. Transcriptome analysis of TDRD6-deficient diplotene spermatocytes revealed high numbers of splicing defects such as aberrant usage of intron and exons as well as aberrant representation of splice junctions. Together, this study demonstrates a novel function of TDRD6 in spliceosome maturation and mRNA splicing in prophase I spermatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Müge Akpınar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stevense M, Jessberger R, Tóth A. Protein and Chromosome Analysis in Mammalian Meiocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1515:97-111. [PMID: 27797075 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6545-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a highly specialized cell division that facilitates the production of haploid gametes from diploid mother cells. It is characterized by unique chromatin structures and chromatin associated protein complexes. The analysis of these structures and complexes has greatly benefited from and relied on the visualization of meiotic proteins in diverse preparations of meiocytes. In this chapter we summarize methods that can be used for the characterization of the behavior and localization of meiotic proteins in mammalian meiocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Stevense
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biswas U, Hempel K, Llano E, Pendas A, Jessberger R. Distinct Roles of Meiosis-Specific Cohesin Complexes in Mammalian Spermatogenesis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006389. [PMID: 27792785 PMCID: PMC5085059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian meiocytes feature four meiosis-specific cohesin proteins in addition to ubiquitous ones, but the roles of the individual cohesin complexes are incompletely understood. To decipher the functions of the two meiosis-specific kleisins, REC8 or RAD21L, together with the only meiosis-specific SMC protein SMC1β, we generated Smc1β-/-Rec8-/- and Smc1β-/-Rad21L-/- mouse mutants. Analysis of spermatocyte chromosomes revealed that besides SMC1β complexes, SMC1α/RAD21 and to a small extent SMC1α/REC8 contribute to chromosome axis length. Removal of SMC1β and RAD21L almost completely abolishes all chromosome axes. The sex chromosomes do not pair in single or double mutants, and autosomal synapsis is impaired in all mutants. Super resolution microscopy revealed synapsis-associated SYCP1 aberrantly deposited between sister chromatids and on single chromatids in Smc1β-/-Rad21L-/- cells. All mutants show telomere length reduction and structural disruptions, while wild-type telomeres feature a circular TRF2 structure reminiscent of t-loops. There is no loss of centromeric cohesion in both double mutants at leptonema/early zygonema, indicating that, at least in the mutant backgrounds, an SMC1α/RAD21 complex provides centromeric cohesion at this early stage. Thus, in early prophase I the most prominent roles of the meiosis-specific cohesins are in axis-related features such as axis length, synapsis and telomere integrity rather than centromeric cohesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Llano
- Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Pendas
- Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ripich T, Chacón-Martínez CA, Fischer L, Pernis A, Kiessling N, Garbe AI, Jessberger R. SWEF Proteins Distinctly Control Maintenance and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161060. [PMID: 27561029 PMCID: PMC4999197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SWAP-70 and DEF6, two proteins that feature similar domain and motif arrangements, are mainly known for their functions in differentiated hematopoietic cells. Both proteins interact with and regulate RhoGTPases and F-actin dynamics, yet their role in hematopoietic stem and precursor cells (HSPCs) remained unexplored. Here, the role of the SWEF proteins SWAP-70 and DEF6 in HSPCs was examined. Both SWEF proteins are expressed in HSCs. HSCs and different precursor populations were analyzed in mice deficient for SWAP-70, DEF6, SWAP-70 and DEF6 (double knockout, DKO), and wild-type controls. HSPCs isolated from these strains were used for competitive adoptive transfer into irradiated wild-type mice. Reconstitution of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages in the recipient mice was determined. The numbers of HSPCs in the bone marrow of Swap-70-/- and Swap-70-/-Def6-/- mice were >3-fold increased. When transplanted into lethally irradiated wild-type recipients, the reconstitution potential of Swap-70-/- HSPCs was intrinsically impaired in competing with wild-type HSPCs for contribution to hematopoiesis. Def6-/- HSPCs show wild type-like reconstitution potential under the same transplantation conditions. DKO HSPCs reconstituted to only 25% of wild-type levels, indicating a partial rescue by DEF6 deficiency in the Swap-70-/- background. Our study reveals the two SWEF proteins as important contributors to HSPC biology. Despite their similarity these two proteins regulate HSC/progenitor homeostasis, self-renewal, lineage contributions and repopulation in a distinct and mostly antagonistic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Ripich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Luise Fischer
- Osteoimmunology, CRTD, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, United States of America
| | - Nadine Kiessling
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette I. Garbe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roscher A, Hasegawa T, Dohnke S, Ocaña-Morgner C, Amizuka N, Jessberger R, Garbe AI. The F-actin modulator SWAP-70 controls podosome patterning in osteoclasts. Bone Rep 2016; 5:214-221. [PMID: 28580389 PMCID: PMC5440945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells acting as key mediators of bone disorders. Upon adhesion to bone, osteoclasts polarize and reorganize their cytoskeleton to generate a ring-like F-actin-rich structure, the sealing zone, wherein the osteoclast's resorptive organelle, the ruffled border, is formed. The dynamic self-organization of actin-rich adhesive structures, the podosomes, from clusters to belts is crucial for osteoclast-mediated bone degradation. Mice lacking the protein SWAP-70 display an osteopetrotic phenotype due to defective bone resorption caused by impaired actin ring formation in Swap-70−/− osteoclasts. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying this defect, we investigated the specific function of SWAP-70 in the organization and dynamics of podosomes. These detailed studies show that the transition from podosome clusters to rings is impaired in Swap-70−/− osteoclasts. Live cell imaging of dynamic F-actin turnover and SWAP-70 localization during podosome patterning indicate that SWAP-70 is dispensable for cluster formation but plays a key role in F-actin ring generation. Our data provide insights in the role of SWAP-70's F-actin binding domain and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in the proper localization of SWAP-70 and formation of a peripheral podosome belt, respectively. Ex vivo bone analyses revealed that SWAP-70-deficient osteoclasts exhibit defective ruffled border formation and V-ATPase expression. Our findings suggest an important role of membrane binding of SWAP-70 for the regulation of actin dynamics, which is essential for podosome patterning, and thus for the resorptive activity of osteoclasts. SWAP-70 controls dynamic podosome patterning but not assembly of podosomes. PIP3 and F-actin binding are required for proper subcellular localization of SWAP-70. SWAP-70-deficient osteoclasts are impaired in ruffled border formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Roscher
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sebastian Dohnke
- Osterimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence to: R. Jessberger, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany.R. Jessberger, Institute of Physiological ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenFiedlerstrasse 42Dresden01307Germany
| | - Annette I. Garbe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Osterimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence to: A.I. Garbe, Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.A.I. Garbe, OsteoimmunologyDFG-Center for Regenerative TherapiesTechnische Universität DresdenFetscherstraße 105Dresden01307Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chang YT, Shu CL, Lai JY, Lin CY, Chuu CP, Morishita K, Ichikawa T, Jessberger R, Fukui Y. SWAP-70 contributes to spontaneous transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:150-7. [PMID: 26103139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) grow slowly after cultivation from animals, however, after an extended period of cultivation, their growth accelerates. We found that SWAP-70 deficient MEFs failed to increase growth rates. They maintain normal growth rates and proliferation cycles for at least 5 years. Complementing SWAP-70 deficiency in one of these MEF clones, MEF1F2, by expressing human SWAP-70 resulted in fast growth of the cells after further cultivation for a long period. The resulting cells show a transformation phenotype, since they grow on top of each other and do not show contact inhibition. This phenotype was reverted when sanguinarine, a putative SWAP-70 inhibitor, was added. Two SWAP-70 expressing clones were examined in detail. Even after cell density became very high their cdc2 and NFκB were still activated suggesting that they do not stop growing. One of the clones formed colonies in soft agar and formed tumors in nude mice. Lately, one more clone became transformed being able to make colonies in soft agar. We maintain 4 human SWAP-70 expressing MEF1F2 cell lines. Three out of 4 clones exhibited transforming phenotypes. The mouse SWAP-70 gene also promoted transformation of MEFs. Taken together our data suggest that SWAP-70 is not a typical oncogene, but is required for spontaneous transformation of MEFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Li Shu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Yang Lai
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yasuhisa Fukui
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fanourgakis G, Lesche M, Akpinar M, Dahl A, Jessberger R. Chromatoid Body Protein TDRD6 Supports Long 3' UTR Triggered Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005857. [PMID: 27149095 PMCID: PMC4858158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatoid bodies (CBs) are spermiogenesis-specific organelles of largely unknown function. CBs harbor various RNA species, RNA-associated proteins and proteins of the tudor domain family like TDRD6, which is required for a proper CB architecture. Proteome analysis of purified CBs revealed components of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery including UPF1. TDRD6 is essential for UPF1 localization to CBs, for UPF1-UPF2 and UPF1-MVH interactions. Upon removal of TDRD6, the association of several mRNAs with UPF1 and UPF2 is disturbed, and the long 3’ UTR-stimulated but not the downstream exon-exon junction triggered pathway of NMD is impaired. Reduced association of the long 3’ UTR mRNAs with UPF1 and UPF2 correlates with increased stability and enhanced translational activity. Thus, we identified TDRD6 within CBs as required for mRNA degradation, specifically the extended 3’ UTR-triggered NMD pathway, and provide evidence for the requirement of NMD in spermiogenesis. This function depends on TDRD6-promoted assembly of mRNA and decay enzymes in CBs. Tudor-domain containing protein 6 (TDRD6) is a central component of the chromatoid body (CB) in male germ cells. Chromatoid bodies, which are present in spermatids, contain RNA and protein, are not enclosed by membranes, and typically reside close to the nucleus. Without TDRD6, a much distorted CB structure is observed, and this work asked for the functional contribution of TDRD6 to spermatids. We found that TDRD6 is required for localization of an RNA degradation machinery to the CB. This so-called nonsense mediated decay (NMD) machinery, known from somatic cells, destroys mRNAs that feature premature stop codons. Absence of TDRD6 significantly impairs one specific mechanism of NMD, which depends on long 3’ untranslated regions of the transcripts. Thus, the CB component TDRD6 acts in the assembly of the NMD machinery in the CB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Müge Akpinar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Meiotic chromosome segregation in mouse oocytes seems to rely on highly stable cohesins and CENP-A produced in the fetus and not replenished during postnatal life. Hence, demise of these proteins may underpin declining oocyte quality in ageing mammals and thus marks a major problem of reproductive health in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Toth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01326 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mannini L, Cucco F, Quarantotti V, Amato C, Tinti M, Tana L, Frattini A, Delia D, Krantz ID, Jessberger R, Musio A. SMC1B is present in mammalian somatic cells and interacts with mitotic cohesin proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18472. [PMID: 26673124 PMCID: PMC4682075 DOI: 10.1038/srep18472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that plays a role in many biological processes: it ensures faithful chromosome segregation, regulates gene expression and preserves genome stability. In mammalian cells, the mitotic cohesin complex consists of two structural maintenance of chromosome proteins, SMC1A and SMC3, the kleisin protein RAD21 and a fourth subunit either STAG1 or STAG2. Meiotic paralogs in mammals were reported for SMC1A, RAD21 and STAG1/STAG2 and are called SMC1B, REC8 and STAG3 respectively. It is believed that SMC1B is only a meiotic-specific cohesin member, required for sister chromatid pairing and for preventing telomere shortening. Here we show that SMC1B is also expressed in somatic mammalian cells and is a member of a mitotic cohesin complex. In addition, SMC1B safeguards genome stability following irradiation whereas its ablation has no effect on chromosome segregation. Finally, unexpectedly SMC1B depletion impairs gene transcription, particularly at genes mapping to clusters such as HOX and PCDHB. Genome-wide analyses show that cluster genes changing in expression are enriched for cohesin-SMC1B binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mannini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Quarantotti
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Amato
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara Tinti
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Tana
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, U.O. Fisica Sanitaria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Manni M, Gupta S, Nixon BG, Weaver CT, Jessberger R, Pernis AB. IRF4-Dependent and IRF4-Independent Pathways Contribute to DC Dysfunction in Lupus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141927. [PMID: 26544714 PMCID: PMC4636285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs) play fundamental roles in dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and function. In particular, IRFs are critical transducers of TLR signaling and dysregulation in this family of factors is associated with the development of autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). While several IRFs are expressed in DCs their relative contribution to the aberrant phenotypic and functional characteristics that DCs acquire in autoimmune disease has not been fully delineated. Mice deficient in both DEF6 and SWAP-70 (= Double-knock-out or DKO mice), two members of a unique family of molecules that restrain IRF4 function, spontaneously develop a lupus-like disease. Although autoimmunity in DKO mice is accompanied by dysregulated IRF4 activity in both T and B cells, SWAP-70 is also known to regulate multiple aspects of DC biology leading us to directly evaluate DC development and function in these mice. By monitoring Blimp1 expression and IL-10 competency in DKO mice we demonstrate that DCs in these mice exhibit dysregulated IL-10 production, which is accompanied by aberrant Blimp1 expression in the spleen but not in the peripheral lymph nodes. We furthermore show that DCs from these mice are hyper-responsive to multiple TLR ligands and that IRF4 plays a differential role in in these responses by being required for the TLR4-mediated but not the TLR9-mediated upregulation of IL-10 expression. Thus, DC dysfunction in lupus-prone mice relies on both IRF4-dependent and IRF4-independent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Briana G. Nixon
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Casey T. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra B. Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Günal-Sadık G, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Singaravelu K, Beyer A, Buchholz F, Jessberger R. Stage-specific binding profiles of cohesin in resting and activated B lymphocytes suggest a role for cohesin in immunoglobulin class switching and maturation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111748. [PMID: 25375358 PMCID: PMC4222939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (Igh) features higher-order chromosomal interactions to facilitate stage-specific assembly of the Ig molecule. Cohesin, a ring-like protein complex required for sister chromatid cohesion, shapes chromosome architecture and chromatin interactions important for transcriptional regulation and often acts together with CTCF. Cohesin is likely involved in B cell activation and Ig class switch recombination. Hence, binding profiles of cohesin in resting mature murine splenic B lymphocytes and at two stages after cell activation were elucidated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis revealed cohesin extensively changes its binding to transcriptional control elements after 48 h of stimulation with LPS/IL-4. Cohesin was clearly underrepresented at switch regions regardless of their activation status, suggesting that switch regions need to be cohesin-poor. Specific binding changes of cohesin at B-cell specific gene loci Pax5 and Blimp-1 indicate new cohesin-dependent regulatory pathways. Together with conserved cohesin/CTCF sites at the Igh 3'RR, a prominent cohesin/CTCF binding site was revealed near the 3' end of Cα where PolII localizes to 3' enhancers. Our study shows that cohesin likely regulates B cell activation and maturation, including Ig class switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Günal-Sadık
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- Department of Medical Systems Biology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kalaimathy Singaravelu
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- CECAD, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Department of Medical Systems Biology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chang Y, Shu C, Lai J, Lin C, Chuu C, Ichikawa T, Morishita K, Jessberger R, Fukui Y. 101: SWAP-70 is required for spontaneous transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Winters T, McNicoll F, Jessberger R. Meiotic cohesin STAG3 is required for chromosome axis formation and sister chromatid cohesion. EMBO J 2014; 33:1256-70. [PMID: 24797474 PMCID: PMC4198028 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is essential for mitosis and meiosis. The specific meiotic roles of individual cohesin proteins are incompletely understood. We report in vivo functions of the only meiosis-specific STAG component of cohesin, STAG3. Newly generated STAG3-deficient mice of both sexes are sterile with meiotic arrest. In these mice, meiotic chromosome architecture is severely disrupted as no bona fide axial elements (AE) form and homologous chromosomes do not synapse. Axial element protein SYCP3 forms dot-like structures, many partially overlapping with centromeres. Asynapsis marker HORMAD1 is diffusely distributed throughout the chromatin, and SYCP1, which normally marks synapsed axes, is largely absent. Centromeric and telomeric sister chromatid cohesion are impaired. Centromere and telomere clustering occurs in the absence of STAG3, and telomere structure is not severely affected. Other cohesin proteins are present, localize throughout the STAG3-devoid chromatin, and form complexes with cohesin SMC1β. No other deficiency in a single meiosis-specific cohesin causes a phenotype as drastic as STAG3 deficiency. STAG3 emerges as the key STAG cohesin involved in major functions of meiotic cohesin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Winters
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francois McNicoll
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Biswas U, Wetzker C, Lange J, Christodoulou EG, Seifert M, Beyer A, Jessberger R. Meiotic cohesin SMC1β provides prophase I centromeric cohesion and is required for multiple synapsis-associated functions. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003985. [PMID: 24385917 PMCID: PMC3873225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin subunit SMC1β is specific and essential for meiosis. Previous studies showed functions of SMC1β in determining the axis-loop structure of synaptonemal complexes (SCs), in providing sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) in metaphase I and thereafter, in protecting telomere structure, and in synapsis. However, several central questions remained unanswered and concern roles of SMC1β in SCC and synapsis and processes related to these two processes. Here we show that SMC1β substantially supports prophase I SCC at centromeres but not along chromosome arms. Arm cohesion and some of centromeric cohesion in prophase I are provided by non-phosphorylated SMC1α. Besides supporting synapsis of autosomes, SMC1β is also required for synapsis and silencing of sex chromosomes. In absence of SMC1β, the silencing factor γH2AX remains associated with asynapsed autosomes and fails to localize to sex chromosomes. Microarray expression studies revealed up-regulated sex chromosome genes and many down-regulated autosomal genes. SMC1β is further required for non-homologous chromosome associations observed in absence of SPO11 and thus of programmed double-strand breaks. These breaks are properly generated in Smc1β−/− spermatocytes, but their repair is delayed on asynapsed chromosomes. SMC1α alone cannot support non-homologous associations. Together with previous knowledge, three main functions of SMC1β have emerged, which have multiple consequences for spermatocyte biology: generation of the loop-axis architecture of SCs, homologous and non-homologous synapsis, and SCC starting in early prophase I. The generation of mammalian gametes through meiosis comprises two subsequent cell divisions. The first division, meiosis I, features highly specific chromosome structures, and behavior, and requires distinct sets of chromosome-associated proteins. Cohesin proteins, of which some are meiosis-specific, are essential for meiosis, but their particular roles in meiosis are incompletely understood. We show here that SMC1β, a meiosis-specific cohesin, serves key functions already in prophase of meiosis I: SMC1β contributes to keeping sister chromatids in cohesion at their centromeres and supports synapsis of the four sister chromatids present in these cells. SMC1β is required for the synapsis of the X and Y sex chromosomes. The failure of autosomes to properly synapse in absence of SMC1β causes extensive alterations in gene expression. This leads to expression of sex chromosome-linked genes, which are lethal at this stage, explaining the death of spermatocytes in mid-prophase I. Together with the analyses of other cohesin proteins and of phosphorylated forms of SMC3 and SMC1α, this paper describes hitherto undescribed properties and functions of meiotic cohesin in sister chromatid cohesion and synapsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wetzker
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Lange
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chacón-Martínez CA, Kiessling N, Winterhoff M, Faix J, Müller-Reichert T, Jessberger R. The switch-associated protein 70 (SWAP-70) bundles actin filaments and contributes to the regulation of F-actin dynamics. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28687-703. [PMID: 23921380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.461277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated assembly and disassembly of actin into filaments and higher order structures such as stress fibers and lamellipodia are fundamental for cell migration and adhesion. However, the precise spatiotemporal regulation of F-actin structures is not completely understood. SWAP-70, a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-interacting, F-actin-binding protein, participates in actin rearrangements through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that SWAP-70 is an F-actin-bundling protein that oligomerizes through a Gln/Glu-rich stretch within a coiled-coil region. SWAP-70 bundles filaments in parallel and anti-parallel fashion through its C-terminal F-actin binding domain and delays dilution-induced F-actin depolymerization. We further demonstrate that SWAP-70 co-localizes and directly interacts with cofilin, an F-actin severing and depolymerization factor, and contributes to the regulation of cofilin activity in vivo. In line with these activities, upon stem cell factor stimulation, murine bone marrow-derived mast cells lacking SWAP-70 display aberrant regulation of F-actin and actin free barbed ends dynamics. Moreover, proper stem cell factor-dependent cofilin activation via dephosphorylation and subcellular redistribution into a detergent-resistant cytoskeletal compartment also require SWAP-70. Together, these findings reveal an important role of SWAP-70 in the dynamic spatiotemporal regulation of F-actin networks.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gómez R, Jordan PW, Viera A, Alsheimer M, Fukuda T, Jessberger R, Llano E, Pendás AM, Handel MA, Suja JA. Dynamic localization of SMC5/6 complex proteins during mammalian meiosis and mitosis suggests functions in distinct chromosome processes. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4239-52. [PMID: 23843628 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four members of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein family have essential functions in chromosome condensation (SMC2/4) and sister-chromatid cohesion (SMC1/3). The SMC5/6 complex has been implicated in chromosome replication, DNA repair and chromosome segregation in somatic cells, but its possible functions during mammalian meiosis are unknown. Here, we show in mouse spermatocytes that SMC5 and SMC6 are located at the central region of the synaptonemal complex from zygotene until diplotene. During late diplotene both proteins load to the chromocenters, where they colocalize with DNA Topoisomerase IIα, and then accumulate at the inner domain of the centromeres during the first and second meiotic divisions. Interestingly, SMC6 and DNA Topoisomerase IIα colocalize at stretched strands that join kinetochores during the metaphase II to anaphase II transition, and both are observed on stretched lagging chromosomes at anaphase II following treatment with Etoposide. During mitosis, SMC6 and DNA Topoisomerase IIα colocalize at the centromeres and chromatid axes. Our results are consistent with the participation of SMC5 and SMC6 in homologous chromosome synapsis during prophase I, chromosome and centromere structure during meiosis I and mitosis and, with DNA Topoisomerase IIα, in regulating centromere cohesion during meiosis II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Laugsch M, Seebach J, Schnittler H, Jessberger R. Imbalance of SMC1 and SMC3 cohesins causes specific and distinct effects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65149. [PMID: 23776448 PMCID: PMC3680458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SMC1 and SMC3 form a high-affinity heterodimer, which provides an open backbone of the cohesin ring, to be closed by a kleisin protein. RNAi mediated knock-down of either one heterodimer partner, SMC1 or SMC3, is expected to cause very similar if not identical phenotypes. However, we observed highly distinct, protein-specific phenotypes. Upon knock-down of human SMC1, much of SMC3 remains stable, accumulates in the cytoplasm and does not associate with other cohesin proteins. Most of the excess nuclear SMC3 is highly mobile and not or only weakly chromosome-associated. In contrast, human SMC3 knock-down rendered SMC1 instable without cytoplasmic accumulation. As observed by differential protein extraction and in FRAP experiments the remaining SMC1 or SMC3 proteins in the respective SMC1 or SMC3 knock-down experiments constituted a cohesin pool, which is associated with chromatin with highest affinity, likely the least expendable. Expression of bovine EGFP-SMC1 or mouse EGFP-SMC3 in human cells under conditions of human SMC1 or SMC3 knock-down rescued the respective phenotypes, but in untreated cells over-expressed exogenous SMC proteins mis-localized. Paucity of either one of the SMC proteins causes RAD21 degradation. These results argue for great caution in interpreting SMC1 and SMC3 RNAi or over-expression experiments. Under challenged conditions these two proteins unexpectedly behave differently, which may have biological consequences for regulation of cohesin-associated functions and for human cohesin pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Laugsch
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Seebach
- Dept. of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Dept. of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kappei D, Butter F, Benda C, Scheibe M, Draškovič I, Stevense M, Novo CL, Basquin C, Araki M, Araki K, Krastev DB, Kittler R, Jessberger R, Londoño-Vallejo JA, Mann M, Buchholz F. HOT1 is a mammalian direct telomere repeat-binding protein contributing to telomerase recruitment. EMBO J 2013; 32:1681-701. [PMID: 23685356 PMCID: PMC3680732 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA structures that, together with the shelterin and the CST complex, protect the ends of chromosomes. Telomere shortening is mitigated in stem and cancer cells through the de novo addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. Telomere elongation requires the delivery of the telomerase complex to telomeres through a not yet fully understood mechanism. Factors promoting telomerase-telomere interaction are expected to directly bind telomeres and physically interact with the telomerase complex. In search for such a factor we carried out a SILAC-based DNA-protein interaction screen and identified HMBOX1, hereafter referred to as homeobox telomere-binding protein 1 (HOT1). HOT1 directly and specifically binds double-stranded telomere repeats, with the in vivo association correlating with binding to actively processed telomeres. Depletion and overexpression experiments classify HOT1 as a positive regulator of telomere length. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and cell fractionation analyses show that HOT1 associates with the active telomerase complex and promotes chromatin association of telomerase. Collectively, these findings suggest that HOT1 supports telomerase-dependent telomere elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kappei
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Cancer Center, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Günal G, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Singaravelu K, Beyer A, Buchholz F, Jessberger R. Stage-specific binding profiles of cohesin in resting and switch-activated B cells at transcriptional control elements (P4396). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.52.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain locus comprises several higher order chromosomal interactions to facilitate stage-specific assembly of the Ig molecule. The cohesin complex acts together with CTCF to regulate long-range chromatin interactions important for transcriptional regulation during cell differentiation. We elucidated the binding profile of the cohesin complex in mature resting and switch-activated B lymphocytes by chromatin immuno-precipitation coupled with deep sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis revealed specific changes in patterns of cohesin binding to transcriptional control elements during Ig class switching. Specific binding changes of cohesin at B-cell specific gene loci suggest new cohesin-dependent regulatory pathways important for B cell maturation. Together with conserved cohesin/CTCF sites at the Igh locus, a prominent intronic cohesin/CTCF binding site at the Igh locus has been revealed. The functional mechanism of this mature B-cell specific regulatory site is yet to be elucidated by using chromosomal conformation capture assay. Our study shows that cohesin is involved in regulation of Ig class switching and will give rise to new insights of possible cohesin-dependent regulatory pathways of mature B cell development and class switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Günal
- 1Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Kalaimathy Singaravelu
- 3Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- 3Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- 2Department of Medical Systems Biology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- 1Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Spontaneous maturation observed in dendritic cell (DC) cultures has been linked to their capacity to induce immune responses. Despite several recent studies, the mechanisms and signals triggering spontaneous maturation of DCs are largely unknown. We found that the absence of SWAP-70 causes spontaneous maturation of spleen- and bone marrow-derived DCs and, in vivo, of spleen-resident CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD8α(-) DCs. Activation markers, cross-presentation of exogenous Ags, and activation of CD8(+) T cells are much increased in Swap-70(-/-) DCs. Spontaneous maturation of Swap-70(-/-) DCs depends on cell-cell contact and does not involve β-catenin signaling. SWAP-70 is known to regulate integrin activity. Signaling through the integrin CD11b (αM) subunit increases spontaneous maturation of wild-type (wt), but not of Swap-70(-/-) DCs. Signaling through the CD18 (β2) subunit decreases spontaneous maturation of wt and Swap-70(-/-) DCs. Constitutive activation of RhoA in Swap-70(-/-) DCs was determined as a key mechanism causing the increased spontaneous maturation. Inhibition of RhoA early, but not late, in the activation process reduces spontaneous maturation in Swap-70(-/-) DCs to wt levels. Inhibition of RhoA activation during CD11b integrin activation had a significant effect only in Swap-70(-/-) but not in wt DCs. Together, our data suggest that integrin-mediated spontaneous maturation of wt DCs does not depend on active RhoA, whereas the increase in spontaneous maturation of Swap-70(-/-) DCs is supported by integrin CD11b and by hyperactive RhoA. Thus, SWAP-70 deficiency reveals two pathways that contribute to spontaneous maturation of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ocaña-Morgner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Audzevich T, Pearce G, Breucha M, Günal G, Jessberger R. Control of the STAT6-BCL6 antagonism by SWAP-70 determines IgE production. J Immunol 2013; 190:4946-55. [PMID: 23589612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergies are major health concerns in which Ig isotype E plays a pivotal role. Ag-bound IgE drives mast cells and basophils into exocytosis, thereby promoting allergic and potentially anaphylactic reactions. The importance of tightly regulated IgE production is underscored by severe immunological conditions in humans with elevated IgE levels. Cytokines direct IgH class-switching to a particular isotype by initiation of germline transcription (GLT) from isotype-specific intronic (I) promoters. The switch to IgE depends on IL-4, which stimulates GLT of the Iε promoter, but is specifically and strongly impaired in Swap-70(-/-) mice. Although early events in IL-4 signal transduction (i.e., activation of the JAK/STAT6 pathway) do not require SWAP-70, SWAP-70 deficiency results in impaired Iε GLT. The affinity of STAT6 to chromatin is reduced in absence of SWAP-70. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that SWAP-70 binds to Iε and is required for association of STAT6 with Iε. BCL6, known to antagonize STAT6 particularly at Iε, is increased on Iε in absence of SWAP-70. Other promoters bound by BCL6 and STAT6 were found unaffected. We conclude that SWAP-70 controls IgE production through regulation of the antagonistic STAT6 and BCL6 occupancy of Iε. The identification of this mechanism opens new avenues to inhibit allergic reactions triggered by IgE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Audzevich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
In addition to classical adhesion structures like filopodia or focal adhesions, dendritic cells similar to macrophages and osteoclasts assemble highly dynamic F-actin structures called podosomes. They are involved in cellular processes such as extracellular matrix degradation, bone resorption by osteoclasts, and trans-cellular diapedesis of lymphocytes. Besides adhesion and migration, podosomes enable dendritic cells to degrade connective tissue by matrix metalloproteinases. SWAP-70 interacts with RhoGTPases and F-actin and regulates migration of dendritic cells. SWAP-70 deficient osteoclasts are impaired in F-actin-ring formation and bone resorption. In the present study, we demonstrate that SWAP-70 is not required for podosome formation and F-actin turnover in dendritic cells. Furthermore, we found that toll-like receptor 4 ligand induced podosome disassembly and podosome-mediated matrix degradation is not affected by SWAP-70 in dendritic cells. Thus, podosome formation and function in dendritic cells is independent of SWAP-70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Götz
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Murdoch B, Owen N, Stevense M, Smith H, Nagaoka S, Hassold T, McKay M, Xu H, Fu J, Revenkova E, Jessberger R, Hunt P. Altered cohesin gene dosage affects Mammalian meiotic chromosome structure and behavior. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003241. [PMID: 23408896 PMCID: PMC3567145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on studies in mice and humans, cohesin loss from chromosomes during the period of protracted meiotic arrest appears to play a major role in chromosome segregation errors during female meiosis. In mice, mutations in meiosis-specific cohesin genes cause meiotic disturbances and infertility. However, the more clinically relevant situation, heterozygosity for mutations in these genes, has not been evaluated. We report here evidence from the mouse that partial loss of gene function for either Smc1b or Rec8 causes perturbations in the formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) and affects both synapsis and recombination between homologs during meiotic prophase. Importantly, these defects increase the frequency of chromosomally abnormal eggs in the adult female. These findings have important implications for humans: they suggest that women who carry mutations or variants that affect cohesin function have an elevated risk of aneuploid pregnancies and may even be at increased risk of transmitting structural chromosome abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Murdoch
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nichole Owen
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Stevense
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helen Smith
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - So Nagaoka
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Terry Hassold
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael McKay
- Sydney University and the North Coast Cancer Institute, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Divisions of Research and Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Fu
- Genomics, BioTec, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Revenkova
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion depends on cohesin, a tripartite complex that forms ring structures to hold sister chromatids together in mitosis and meiosis. Meiocytes feature a multiplicity of distinct cohesin proteins and complexes, some meiosis specific, which serve additional functions such as supporting synapsis of two pairs of sister chromatids and determining the loop-axis architecture of prophase I chromosomes. Despite considerable new insights gained in the past few years into the localization and function of some cohesin proteins, and the recent identification of yet another meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, a plethora of open questions remains, which concern not only fundamental germ cell biology but also the consequences of cohesin impairment for human reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François McNicoll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Garbe AI, Roscher A, Schüler C, Lutter AH, Glösmann M, Bernhardt R, Chopin M, Hempel U, Hofbauer LC, Rammelt S, Egerbacher M, Erben RG, Jessberger R. Regulation of bone mass and osteoclast function depend on the F-actin modulator SWAP-70. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2085-96. [PMID: 22648978 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling involves tightly regulated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Determining osteoclast function is central to understanding bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. Here, we report a novel function of the F-actin binding and regulatory protein SWAP-70 in osteoclast biology. F-actin ring formation, cell morphology, and bone resorption are impaired in Swap-70(-/-) osteoclasts, whereas the expression of osteoclast differentiation markers induced in vitro by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) remains unaffected. Swap-70(-/-) mice develop osteopetrosis with increased bone mass, abnormally dense bone, and impaired osteoclast function. Ectopic expression of SWAP-70 in Swap-70(-/-) osteoclasts in vitro rescues their deficiencies in bone resorption and F-actin ring formation. Rescue requires a functional pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, known to support membrane localization of SWAP-70, and the F-actin binding domain. Transplantation of SWAP-70-proficient bone marrow into Swap-70(-/-) mice restores osteoclast resorption capacity in vivo. The identification of the role of SWAP-70 in promoting osteoclast function through modulating membrane-proximal F-actin rearrangements reveals a new pathway to control osteoclasts and bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette I Garbe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Cells use ring-like structured protein complexes for various tasks in DNA dynamics. The tripartite cohesin ring is particularly suited to determine chromosome architecture, for it is large and dynamic, may acquire different forms, and is involved in several distinct nuclear processes. This review focuses on cohesin's role in structuring chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions and during interphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Haering
- Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The trend of women to become pregnant when older than in previous generations poses a paramount medical problem, for oocytes are particularly prone to chromosome missegregation, and aneuploidy increases with age. Recent data strongly suggest that as oocyte age increases sister chromatid cohesion is weakened or lost. Cohesin deterioration seems to contribute significantly to age-dependent aneuploidy, as discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01326 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Biswas PS, Gupta S, Stirzaker RA, Kumar V, Jessberger R, Lu TT, Bhagat G, Pernis AB. Dual regulation of IRF4 function in T and B cells is required for the coordination of T-B cell interactions and the prevention of autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:581-96. [PMID: 22370718 PMCID: PMC3302237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective humoral responses to protein antigens require the precise execution of carefully timed differentiation programs in both T and B cell compartments. Disturbances in this process underlie the pathogenesis of many autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is induced upon the activation of T and B cells and serves critical functions. In CD4(+) T helper cells, IRF4 plays an essential role in the regulation of IL-21 production, whereas in B cells it controls class switch recombination and plasma cell differentiation. IRF4 function in T helper cells can be modulated by its interaction with regulatory protein DEF6, a molecule that shares a high degree of homology with only one other protein, SWAP-70. Here, we demonstrate that on a C57BL/6 background the absence of both DEF6 and SWAP-70 leads to the development of a lupus-like disease in female mice, marked by simultaneous deregulation of CD4(+) T cell IL-21 production and increased IL-21 B cell responsiveness. We furthermore show that DEF6 and SWAP-70 are differentially used at distinct stages of B cell differentiation to selectively control the ability of IRF4 to regulate IL-21 responsiveness in a stage-specific manner. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms that normally couple and coordinately regulate T and B cell responses to ensure tight control of productive T-B cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Biswas
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bahaie NS, Hosseinkhani MR, Ge XN, Kang BN, Ha SG, Blumenthal MS, Jessberger R, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Regulation of eosinophil trafficking by SWAP-70 and its role in allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol 2011; 188:1479-90. [PMID: 22210919 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are the predominant inflammatory cells recruited to allergic airways. In this article, we show that human and murine eosinophils express SWAP-70, an intracellular RAC-binding signaling protein, and examine its role in mediating eosinophil trafficking and pulmonary recruitment in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Compared with wild-type eosinophils, SWAP-70-deficient (Swap-70(-/-)) eosinophils revealed altered adhesive interactions within inflamed postcapillary venules under conditions of blood flow by intravital microscopy, exhibiting enhanced slow rolling but decreased firm adhesion. In static adhesion assays, Swap-70(-/-) eosinophils adhered poorly to VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and exhibited inefficient leading edge and uropod formation. Adherent Swap-70(-/-) eosinophils failed to translocate RAC1 to leading edges and displayed aberrant cell surface localization/distribution of α4 and Mac-1. Chemokine-induced migration of Swap-70(-/-) eosinophils was significantly decreased, correlating with reduced intracellular calcium levels, defective actin polymerization/depolymerization, and altered cytoskeletal rearrangement. In vivo, recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs of allergen-challenged Swap-70(-/-) mice, compared with wild-type mice, was significantly reduced, along with considerable attenuation of airway inflammation, indicated by diminished IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α levels; reduced mucus secretion; and improved airway function. These findings suggest that regulation of eosinophil trafficking and migration by SWAP-70 is important for the development of eosinophilic inflammation after allergen exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin S Bahaie
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|