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Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Zhao X, Chen G, Wang F, Zhao H, Wei Y, Liu L, Zhang H. Extraction, characterization, antioxidant activity and rheological behavior of a polysaccharide produced by the extremely salt tolerant Bacillus subtilis LR-1. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Peng X, Wang Y, Zhu G, Zhu W. Fatty acid derivatives from the halotolerant fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:18-24. [PMID: 28847042 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halotolerant fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides OUCMDZ-187 was isolated from the mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa collected in Shankou, Guangxi Province of China. Three new fatty acid esters cladosporesters A-C (1-3) and 5 new fatty acids cladosporacids A-E (4-8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of OUCMDZ-187 in a hypersaline (10% salt) medium. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, specific rotation, and 1D and 2D NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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4
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Peng X, Wang Y, Zhu T, Zhu W. Pyrazinone derivatives from the coral-derived Aspergillus ochraceus LCJ11-102 under high iodide salt. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:184-191. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Náhlík J, Hrnčiřík P, Mareš J, Rychtera M, Kent CA. Towards the design of an optimal strategy for the production of ergosterol from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
yeasts. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:838-848. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Náhlík
- Dept. of Computing and Control EngineeringUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrnčiřík
- Dept. of Computing and Control EngineeringUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Dept. of Computing and Control EngineeringUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague Czech Republic
| | - Mojmír Rychtera
- Dept. of BiotechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague Czech Republic
| | - Christopher A. Kent
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston Birmingham, U.K
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6
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Li ZJ, Guo X, Dawuti G, Aibai S. Antifungal Activity of Ellagic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1019-25. [PMID: 25919446 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) has been shown to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. In Uighur traditional medicine, Euphorbia humifusa Willd is used to treat fungal diseases, and recent studies suggest that it is the EA content which is responsible for its therapeutic effect. However, the effects of EA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of EA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (M38-A and M27-A2) standard method in vitro. EA had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 18.75 and 58.33 µg/ml. EA was also active against two Candida strains, with MICs between 25.0 and 75.0 µg/ml. It was inactive against Candida glabrata. The susceptibility of six species of dermatophytes to EA was comparable with that of the commercial antifungal, fluconazole. The most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 18.75 µg/ml). Studies on the mechanism of action using an HPLC-based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that EA inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis and reduced the activity of sterol 14α-demethylase P450 (CYP51) in the Trichophyton rubrum membrane, respectively. An in vivo test demonstrated that topical administration of EA (4.0 and 8.0 mg/cm(2) ) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a guinea-pig infection model of Trichophyton rubrum. The results suggest that EA has the potential to be developed as a natural antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830049, China
| | - Gulina Dawuti
- Xinjiang Hospital of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830049, China
| | - Silafu Aibai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830049, China
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7
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Carreño A, Gacitúa M, Páez-Hernández D, Polanco R, Preite M, Fuentes JA, Mora GC, Chávez I, Arratia-Pérez R. Spectral, theoretical characterization and antifungal properties of two phenol derivative Schiff bases with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01469g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Only one of the two isomers show biological activity but theory and spectroscopic techniques are not able to distinguish between both isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carreño
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CENAP)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Manuel Gacitúa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Macul
- Chile
| | - Dayán Páez-Hernández
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CENAP)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rubén Polanco
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Marcelo Preite
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Macul
- Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Guido C. Mora
- Facultad de Medicina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Ivonne Chávez
- Núcleo Milenio de Ingeniería Molecular para Catálisis y Biosensores
- ICM
- Chile
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CENAP)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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8
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Three new asperentin derivatives from the algicolous fungus Aspergillus sp. F00785. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5993-6002. [PMID: 25517217 PMCID: PMC4278214 DOI: 10.3390/md12125993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new asperentin-type compounds, 6-O-α-d-ribosylasperentin (1) and 6-O-α-d-ribosyl-8-O-methylasperentin (2) and 5-hydroxyl-6-O-methylasperentin (3), along with asperentin (4) and its known analogues (5–9), were isolated from a halotolerant Aspergillus sp. strain F00785, an endotrophic fungus from marine alga. Their structures were determined using extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis, including the X-ray crystallographic data for the assignment of the absolute configurations of compound 9. Compound 4 exhibited highly potent inhibitory activity against crop pathogens, Colletotrichum gleosporioides Penz. and Colletotrichum gleosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.
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9
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Chung D, Thammahong A, Shepardson KM, Blosser SJ, Cramer RA. Endoplasmic reticulum localized PerA is required for cell wall integrity, azole drug resistance, and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 2014; 92:1279-98. [PMID: 24779420 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GPI-anchoring is a universal and critical post-translational protein modification in eukaryotes. In fungi, many cell wall proteins are GPI-anchored, and disruption of GPI-anchored proteins impairs cell wall integrity. After being synthesized and attached to target proteins, GPI anchors undergo modification on lipid moieties. In spite of its importance for GPI-anchored protein functions, our current knowledge of GPI lipid remodelling in pathogenic fungi is limited. In this study, we characterized the role of a putative GPI lipid remodelling protein, designated PerA, in the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. PerA localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and loss of PerA leads to striking defects in cell wall integrity. A perA null mutant has decreased conidia production, increased susceptibility to triazole antifungal drugs, and is avirulent in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Interestingly, loss of PerA increases exposure of β-glucan and chitin content on the hyphal cell surface, but diminished TNF production by bone marrow-derived macrophages relative to wild type. Given the structural specificity of fungal GPI-anchors, which is different from humans, understanding GPI lipid remodelling and PerA function in A. fumigatus is a promising research direction to uncover a new fungal specific antifungal drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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10
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Candida tropicalis antifungal cross-resistance is related to different azole target (Erg11p) modifications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4769-81. [PMID: 23877676 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00477-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis ranks between third and fourth among Candida species most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. Invasive candidiasis and candidemia are treated with amphotericin B or echinocandins as first-line therapy, with extended-spectrum triazoles as acceptable alternatives. Candida tropicalis is usually susceptible to all antifungal agents, although several azole drug-resistant clinical isolates are being reported. However, C. tropicalis resistant to amphotericin B is uncommon, and only a few strains have reliably demonstrated a high level of resistance to this agent. The resistance mechanisms operating in C. tropicalis strains isolated from clinical samples showing resistance to azole drugs alone or with amphotericin B cross-resistance were elucidated. Antifungal drug resistance was related to mutations of the azole target (Erg11p) with or without alterations of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The antifungal drug resistance shown in vitro correlated very well with the results obtained in vivo using the model host Galleria mellonella. Using this panel of strains, the G. mellonella model system was validated as a simple, nonmammalian minihost model that can be used to study in vitro-in vivo correlation of antifungals in C. tropicalis. The development in C. tropicalis of antifungal drug resistance with different mechanisms during antifungal treatment has potential clinical impact and deserves specific prospective studies.
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11
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Liu D, Li XM, Li CS, Wang BG. Nigerasterols A and B, Antiproliferative Sterols from the Mangrove-Derived Endophytic FungusAspergillus nigerMA-132. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Ramirez-Bribiesca JE, Wang Y, Jin L, Canam T, Town JR, Tsang A, Dumonceaux TJ, McAllister TA. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation ofBrassicastraw treated with the aerobic fungus,Trametes versicolor. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g−1of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo. Mexico
| | - Y. Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - L. Jin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - T. Canam
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
| | - J. R. Town
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
| | - A. Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 000 000
| | - T. J. Dumonceaux
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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A new cytotoxic indole-3-ethenamide from the halotolerant fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PT06-1. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 64:679-681. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vaupotic T, Veranic P, Petrovic U, Gunde-Cimerman N, Plemenitas A. HMG-CoA reductase is regulated by environmental salinity and its activity is essential for halotolerance in halophilic fungi. Stud Mycol 2011; 61:61-6. [PMID: 19287527 PMCID: PMC2610301 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2008.61.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity and level of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) were addressed in
halophilic fungi isolated from solar saltpans. Representative fungi belonging
to the orders Dothideales, Eurotiales and Wallemiales have a
specific pattern of HMGR regulation, which differs from salt-sensitive and
moderately salt-tolerant yeasts. In all of the halophilic fungi studied, HMGR
amounts and activities were the lowest at optimal growth salinity and
increased under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. This profile paralleled
isoprenylation of cellular proteins in H. werneckii. Inhibition of
HMGR in vivo by lovastatin impaired the halotolerant character. HMGR
may thus serve as an important molecular marker of halotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vaupotic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Plemenitas A, Vaupotic T, Lenassi M, Kogej T, Gunde-Cimerman N. Adaptation of extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii to increased osmolarity: a molecular perspective at a glance. Stud Mycol 2011; 61:67-75. [PMID: 19287528 PMCID: PMC2610308 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2008.61.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Halophilic adaptations have been studied almost exclusively on prokaryotic microorganisms. Discovery of the black yeast Hortaea werneckii as the dominant fungal species in hypersaline waters enabled the introduction of a new model organism to study the mechanisms of salt tolerance in eukaryotes. Its strategies of cellular osmotic adaptations on the physiological and molecular level revealed novel, intricate mechanisms to combat fluctuating salinity. H. werneckii is an extremely halotolerant eukaryotic microorganism and thus a promising source of transgenes for osmotolerance improvement of industrially important yeasts, as well as in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Plemenitas
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zheng J, Xu Z, Wang Y, Hong K, Liu P, Zhu W. Cyclic tripeptides from the halotolerant fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PT06-1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1133-1137. [PMID: 20503985 DOI: 10.1021/np100198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new aspochracin-type cyclic tripeptides, sclerotiotides A-K (1-11), together with three known compounds, JBIR-15 (12), aspochracin (13), and penicillic acid, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of the halotolerant Aspergillus sclerotiorum PT06-1 in a hypersaline nutrient-rich medium. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Chemical transformations of 12 and 13 proved that sclerotiotides D-K (4-11) were artifacts probably formed during the fermentation or subsequent isolation steps. All 13 cyclic tripeptides have been evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Only sclerotiotides A (1), B (2), F (6), and I (9) and JBIR-15 (12) showed selective antifungal activity against Candida albicans with MIC values of 7.5, 3.8, 30, 6.7, and 30 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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17
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Quantification of the influence of extracellular laccase and intracellular reactions on the isomer-specific biotransformation of the xenoestrogen technical nonylphenol by the aquatic hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:4398-409. [PMID: 19429559 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00139-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aquatic hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica was used to quantify the effects of extracellular laccase and intracellular reactions on the isomer-specific biotransformation of technical nonylphenol (t-NP). In laccase-producing cultures, maximal removal rates of t-NP and the isomer 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethylpentyl)phenol (NP112) were about 1.6- and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, than in laccase-lacking cultures. The selective suppression of either laccase or intracellular reactions resulted in essentially comparable maximal removal rates for both compounds. Evidence for an unspecific oxidation of t-NP isomers was consistently obtained from laccase-expressing fungal cultures when intracellular biotransformation was suppressed and from reaction mixtures containing isolated laccase. This observation contrasts with the selective degradation of t-NP isomers by bacteria and should prevent the enrichment of highly estrogenic isomers in remaining t-NP. In contrast with laccase reactions, intracellular fungal biotransformation caused a significant shift in the isomeric composition of remaining t-NP. As a result, certain t-NP constituents related to more estrogenic isomers were less efficiently degraded than others. In contrast to bacterial degradation via ipso-hydroxylation, the substitution pattern of the quaternary alpha-carbon of t-NP isomers does not seem to be very important for intracellular transformation in C. aquatica. As-yet-unknown intracellular enzymes are obviously induced by nonylphenols. Mass spectral data of the metabolites resulting from the intracellular oxidation of t-NP, NP112, and 4-(1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpentyl)phenol indicate nonyl chain hydroxylation, further oxidation into keto or aldehyde compounds, and the subsequent formation of carboxylic acid derivatives. Further metabolites suggest nonyl chain desaturation and methylation of carboxylic acids. The phenolic moieties of the nonylphenols remained unchanged.
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18
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Pennicitrinone D, a new citrinin dimer from the halotolerant fungus Penicillium notatum B-52. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:225-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Alcazar-Fuoli L, Mellado E, Garcia-Effron G, Lopez JF, Grimalt JO, Cuenca-Estrella JM, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. Ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus. Steroids 2008; 73:339-47. [PMID: 18191972 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The sterol composition of Aspergillus fumigatus for the biosynthesis of ergosterol is of interest since this pathway is the target for many antifungal drugs in clinical use. The sterol composition of this fungal species was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in different strains (susceptible and resistant to azole drugs). Also, sterols were analyzed in several A. fumigatus mutant strains deficient in enzymatic steps of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway such as 14-alpha sterol demethylases (Cyp51A and Cyp51B) and C-5 sterol desaturases (Erg3A, Erg3B and Erg3C). All sterols identified from azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the susceptible strain (CM-237). However, sterol composition of mutants strains were different depending on the lacking enzyme. The analysis of the sterol composition in these mutant strains led to a better understanding of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in this important fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alcazar-Fuoli
- Servicio de Micologia, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang WL, Zhu TJ, Tao HW, Lu ZY, Fang YC, Gu QQ, Zhu WM. Three novel, structurally unique spirocyclic alkaloids from the halotolerant B-17 fungal strain of Aspergillus variecolor. Chem Biodivers 2008; 4:2913-9. [PMID: 18081101 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During our search for novel antitumor lead compounds from microorganisms living under extreme conditions, three novel alkaloids, variecolortides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the mycelia of the halotolerant fungal strain Aspergillus variecolor B-17. The new compounds were found to share an unprecedented 'spiro-anthronopyranoid diketopiperazine' structure, with a stable hemiaminal function, as corroborated by in-depth NMR-spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, as well as by a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 1. All compounds were shown to exhibit weak cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Mysyakina IS, Funtikova NS. The role of sterols in morphogenetic processes and dimorphism in fungi. Microbiology (Reading) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261707010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Alcazar-Fuoli L, Mellado E, Garcia-Effron G, Buitrago MJ, Lopez JF, Grimalt JO, Cuenca-Estrella JM, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. Aspergillus fumigatus C-5 sterol desaturases Erg3A and Erg3B: role in sterol biosynthesis and antifungal drug susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:453-60. [PMID: 16436696 PMCID: PMC1366924 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.2.453-460.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two erg3 genes encoding C-5 sterol desaturase enzymes (Erg3A and Erg3B) in Aspergillus fumigatus were characterized with respect to their nucleotide sequences and null mutant phenotypes. Targeted disruption of the erg3A and erg3B genes and a double gene knockout, erg3A- erg3B-, showed that they are not essential for A. fumigatus viability. Mutant phenotypes clearly showed that Erg3B is a C-5 sterol desaturase, but no apparent role for Erg3A in A. fumigatus ergosterol biosynthesis was found. Susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, and ketoconazole was not altered in isolates in which erg3A and erg3B were knocked out alone and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alcazar-Fuoli
- Servicio de Micologia, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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MacKenzie SE, Gurusamy GS, Piórko A, Strongman DB, Hu T, Wright JLC. Isolation of sterols from the marine fungusCorollospora lacera. Can J Microbiol 2004; 50:1069-72. [PMID: 15714238 DOI: 10.1139/w04-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several marine fungi collected from the waters of Prince Edward Island, Canada, were screened for the presence of natural products exhibiting antibacterial activity. Both broths and mycelia of these fungi were studied using the bioassay-guided chromatographic separation. The 4 fractions from the extract of mycelia of Corollospora lacera exhibited weak antibacterial activity and were analyzed further. From these fractions, 2 sterols (5α,8α-epidioxyergosterol and 22E,24R-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol) and a 3:1 mixture of linoleic and oleic acids were isolated. The presence of ergosterol was confirmed in dichloromethane extracts of mycelia of every fungus in this study and this sterol was isolated from the extract of mycelium of Corollospora lacera. Two other known compounds (5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of mycelium of Monodictys pelagica. The phthalate was reported in the literature as a metabolite isolated from the fungi, but in our study it was proven to be an artifact of the culturing and (or) extraction procedures rather than a true fungal metabolite.Key words: marine fungus, sterols, metabolites.
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Ruan B, Lai PS, Yeh CW, Wilson WK, Pang J, Xu R, Matsuda SPT, Schroepfer GJ. Alternative pathways of sterol synthesis in yeast. Use of C(27) sterol tracers to study aberrant double-bond migrations and evaluate their relative importance. Steroids 2002; 67:1109-19. [PMID: 12441197 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Yeast produce traces of aberrant sterols by minor alternative pathways, which can become significant when normal metabolism is blocked by inhibitors or mutations. We studied sterols generated in the absence of the delta(8)-delta(7) isomerase (Erg2p) or delta(5) desaturase (Erg3p) by incubating three mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5 alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol, 8-dehydrocholesterol (delta(5,8) sterol), or isodehydrocholesterol (delta(6,8) sterol), together with the corresponding 3 alpha-3H isotopomer. Nine different incubations gave altogether 16 sterol metabolites, including seven delta(22E) sterols formed by action of the yeast C-22 desaturase (Erg5p). These products were separated by silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag(+)-HPLC) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and radio-Ag(+)-HPLC. When delta(8)-delta(7) isomerization was blocked, exogenous delta(8) sterol underwent desaturation to delta(5,8), delta(6,8), and delta(8,14) sterols. Formation of delta(5,8) sterol was strongly favored over delta(6,8) sterol, but both pathways are essentially dormant under normal conditions of sterol synthesis. The delta(5,8) sterol was metabolically almost inert except for delta(22) desaturation, whereas the delta(6,8) sterol was readily converted to delta(5,7), delta(5,7,9(11)), and delta(7,9(11)) sterols. The combined results indicate aberrant metabolic pathways similar to those in mammalian systems. However, delta(5,7) sterol undergoes only slight isomerization or desaturation in yeast, an observation that accounts for the lower levels of delta(5,8) and delta(5,7,9(11)) sterols in wild-type yeast compared to Smith-Lemli-Opitz individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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