1
|
Sugawara T. Sphingolipids as Functional Food Components: Benefits in Skin Improvement and Disease Prevention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9597-9609. [PMID: 35905137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous components in eukaryotic organisms and have attracted attention as physiologically functional lipids. Sphingolipids with diverse structures are present in foodstuffs as these structures depend on the biological species they are derived from, such as mammals, plants, and fungi. The physiological functions of dietary sphingolipids, especially those that improve skin barrier function, have recently been noted. In addition, the roles of dietary sphingolipids in the prevention of diseases, including cancer and metabolic syndrome, have been studied. However, the mechanisms underlying the health-improving effects of dietary sphingolipids, especially their metabolic fates, have not been elucidated. Here, we review dietary sphingolipids, including their chemical structures and contents in foodstuff; digestion, intestinal absorption, and metabolism; and nutraceutical functions, based on the available evidence and hypotheses. Further research is warranted to clearly define how dietary sphingolipids can influence human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dietary ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, a marine sphingophosphonolipid, improves skin barrier function in hairless mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13891. [PMID: 32807849 PMCID: PMC7431532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are one of the major components of cell membranes and are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms. Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP) of marine origin is a unique and abundant sphingophosphonolipid with a C-P bond. Although molluscs such as squids and bivalves, containing CAEP, are consumed globally, the dietary efficacy of CAEP is not understood. We investigated the efficacy of marine sphingophosphonolipids by studying the effect of dietary CAEP on the improvement of the skin barrier function in hairless mice fed a diet that induces severely dry-skin condition. The disrupted skin barrier functions such as an increase in the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), a decrease in the skin hydration index, and epidermal hyperplasia were restored by CEAP dietary supplementation. Correspondingly, dietary CAEP significantly increased the content of covalently bound ω-hydroxyceramide, and the expression of its biosynthesis-related genes in the skin. These effects of dietary CAEP mimic those of dietary plant glucosylceramide. The novel observations from this study show an enhancement in the skin barrier function by dietary CAEP and the effects could be contributed by the upregulation of covalently bound ω-hydroxyceramide synthesis in the skin.
Collapse
|
3
|
Suzuki-Iwashima A, Iwasawa A, Kawai M, Kubouchi H, Ozaki R, Miyashita K, Shiota M. Antioxidant activity toward fish oil triacylglycerols exerted by sphingoid bases isolated from butter serum with α-tocopherol. Food Chem 2020; 334:127588. [PMID: 32721837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of sphingoid bases (SPGs) was prepared from butter serum, a by-product of anhydrous milk fat production. The mixture comprised seven types of SPGs with C16 to C19 alkyl chains. These milk SPGs inhibited the oxidation of fish oil triacylglycerol (TAG) more effectively than did a standard SPG (d18:1) with α-tocopherol. Reaction products were prepared from the combination of d18:0 or d18:1 with acrolein and propanal. Both sets of reaction products showed antioxidant activity toward fish oil TAG. Antioxidant activity of reaction products from d18:0 was stronger than that of reaction products from d18:1, suggesting that the molecule d18:0 may be a significant focus of the difference in antioxidant activity between milk SPGs and d18:1. To use SPGs as food additives in the future, an appropriate source of SPGs will be needed, and butter serum appears to have promise as a source of functional SPGs with strong antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Suzuki-Iwashima
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2, Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
| | - Ai Iwasawa
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2, Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan; Central Food Analysis Laboratory, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2, Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Kawai
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2, Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kubouchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2, Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei Ozaki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shiota
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2, Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Identification of ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate molecular species from different aquatic products by NPLC/Q-Exactive-MS. Food Chem 2020; 304:125425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
SUGAWARA T, AIDA K, DUAN J, TOMONAGA N, MANABE Y, HIRATA T. Analysis of Chemical Structures of Glucosylceramides from Rice and Other Foodstuffs. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S228-S230. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuki MANABE
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi HIRATA
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balleza D, Mescola A, Marín-Medina N, Ragazzini G, Pieruccini M, Facci P, Alessandrini A. Complex Phase Behavior of GUVs Containing Different Sphingomyelins. Biophys J 2019; 116:503-517. [PMID: 30665697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the lateral organization of biological membranes plays a key role on the road to fully appreciate the physiological functions of this fundamental barrier between the inside and outside regions of a cell. Ternary lipid bilayers composed of a high and a low melting temperature lipid and cholesterol represent a model system that mimics some of the important thermodynamical features of much more complex lipid mixtures such as those found in mammal membranes. The phase diagram of these ternary mixtures can be studied exploiting fluorescence microscopy in giant unilamellar vesicles, and it is typically expected to give rise, for specific combinations of composition and temperature, to regions of two-phase coexistence and a region with three-phase coexistence, namely, the liquid-ordered, liquid-disordered, and solid phases. Whereas the observation of two-phase coexistence is routinely possible using fluorescence microscopy, the three-phase region is more elusive to study. In this article, we show that particular lipid mixtures containing diphytanoyl-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol plus different types of sphingomyelin (SM) are prone to produce bilayer regions with more than two levels of fluorescence intensity. We found that these intensity levels occur at low temperature and are linked to the copresence of long and asymmetric chains in SMs and diphytanoyl-phosphatidylcholine in the lipid mixtures. We discuss the possible interpretations for this observation in terms of bilayer phase organization in the presence of sphingolipids. Additionally, we also show that in some cases, liposomes in the three-phase coexistence state exhibit extreme sensitivity to lateral tension. We hypothesize that the appearance of the different phases is related to the asymmetric structure of SMs and to interdigitation effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR, S3, Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Informatiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Alessandrini
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR, S3, Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Informatiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tomonaga N, Tsuduki T, Manabe Y, Sugawara T. Sphingoid bases of dietary ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate, a marine sphingolipid, absorb into lymph in rats. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:333-340. [PMID: 30552287 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various functions of dietary sphingolipids have been reported; however, little is known about marine sphingolipids. Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), an abundant sphingolipid in marine mollusks, frequently has a unique triene type of sphingoid base [2-amino-9-methyl-4,8,10-octadecatriene-1,3-diol (d19:3)]. We previously reported that dietary CAEP prepared from the skin of squid was digested in the intestinal mucosa of mice via ceramides to yield free sphingoid bases. How dietary CAEP is then used in the body remains unclear. Here, we investigated the absorption of dietary CAEP using a lipid absorption assay on the lymph collected from rats with thoracic duct cannulation. Our results reveal that sphingoid bases derived from CAEP, including d16:1, d18:1, and d19:3, were detected in the lymph after administration of CAEP. Lymphatic recovery of d19:3 was lower than that of other sphingoid bases. A large fraction of the absorbed sphingoid bases was present as complex sphingolipids, whereas a smaller portion was present in the free form. Fatty acids in ceramide moieties found in the lymph were partially different from dietary CAEP, which indicates that sphingoid bases derived from CAEP could be, at least in part, resynthesized into complex sphingolipids. Future studies should elucidate the metabolism of sphingoid bases derived from CAEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Lou Y, Mu T, Ke A, Ran Z, Xu J, Chen J, Zhou C, Yan X, Xu Q, Tan Y. Sphingolipids in marine microalgae: Development and application of a mass spectrometric method for global structural characterization of ceramides and glycosphingolipids in three major phyla. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 986:82-94. [PMID: 28870328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid compositions are crucial for the structural and physiological properties of microalgae membranes. In the present study, we developed a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometric method based on MSE data collection for the identification of sphingolipids with high efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity and mass accuracy and applied this method for precise structural identification and quantitative profiling of ceramides and glycosphingolipids in total lipid extracts from 17 strains of microalgae, including 11 strains of diatom, 3 strains of dinoflagellate and 3 strains of haptophyta. Using this method, four species of sphingolipids including 27 ceramides, 13 monosaccharide ceramides, 18 disaccharide ceramides and 18 trisaccharide ceramides were identified. The compositions of sphingolipid-included glycosyl moieties, long chain bases and N-acyl chains showed a significant difference among different microalgae categories. Some long chain bases including d19:2, d19:3 and d19:4, glycosyl moieties including disaccharide and trisaccharide, and N-acyl chains such as 14:0, 14:1, 24:0, 24:1, h18:1, h19:1 and h22:0-2 can be chosen as the molecular signature for microalgae from three major phyla. This methodology will be useful for a wide range of physiological and pathological studies of sphingolipids. Furthermore, the diversity of sphingolipid structure could provide a new criterion for microalgae chemotaxonomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Yamin Lou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Aiying Ke
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhaoshou Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
| | - Qingshan Xu
- Lijing Chenhai Baoer Bio. Ltd., Lijiang, Yunnan 674100, China
| | - Yinghong Tan
- Lijing Chenhai Baoer Bio. Ltd., Lijiang, Yunnan 674100, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tomonaga N, Manabe Y, Sugawara T. Digestion of Ceramide 2-Aminoethylphosphonate, a Sphingolipid from the Jumbo Flying Squid Dosidicus gigas, in Mice. Lipids 2017; 52:353-362. [PMID: 28243820 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), a sphingophosphonolipid containing a carbon-phosphorus bond, is frequently found in marine organisms and has a unique triene type of sphingoid base in its structure. CAEP has not been evaluated as a food ingredient, although it is generally contained in Mollusca organisms such as squids and shellfish, which are consumed worldwide. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of CAEP as a food component by evaluating the digestion of CAEP extracted from the skin of the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas. Our results revealed that dietary CAEP was digested to free sphingoid bases via ceramides by the mouse small intestinal mucosa. At pH 7.2, CAEP was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the major mammalian sphingolipid sphingomyelin; however, the hydrolysis of CAEP was similar to that of sphingomyelin at pH 9.0. Thus, the digestion of CAEP may be catalyzed by alkaline spingomyelinase and other enzymes. Our findings provide important insights into the digestion of the dietary sphingophosphonolipid CAEP in marine foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duan J, Ishida M, Aida K, Tsuduki T, Zhang J, Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Dietary Cerebroside from Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus): Absorption and Effects on Skin Barrier and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7014-7021. [PMID: 27585906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids from marine sources have attracted more attention recently because of their distinctive structures and expected functions. In this study, the content and components of cerebroside from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were analyzed. The absorption of cerebroside from S. japonicus was investigated with an in vivo lipid absorption assay. The result revealed that S. japonicus is a rich source of cerebroside that contained considerable amounts of odd carbon chain sphingoid bases. The cumulative recoveries of d17:1- and d19:2-containing cerebrosides were 0.31 ± 0.16 and 0.32 ± 0.10%, respectively, for 24 h after administration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work that shows sphingolipids from a marine source could be absorbed in vivo and incorporated into ceramides. In addition, dietary supplementation with sea cucumber cerebroside to hairless mouse improved the skin barrier function and increased short-chain fatty acids in cecal contents, which have shown beneficial effects on the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Marina Ishida
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Aida
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd. , Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Shijonawate Gakuen University , Daito 574-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mikami D, Sakai S, Sasaki S, Igarashi Y. Effects of Asterias amurensis-derived Sphingoid Bases on the de novo Ceramide Synthesis in Cultured Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:671-80. [PMID: 27430385 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asterias amurensis starfish provide several bioactive species in addition to being fishery waste. Glucosyl ceramides (GlcCers) were extracted from the viscera of these starfish and were isolated by silica gel column chromatography. Degraded GlcCers generated A. amurensis sphingoid bases (ASBs) that mainly consisted of the triene-type bases d18:3 and 9-methyl-d18:3. The effect of these bases on ceramide synthesis and content were analyzed using normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). The bases significantly enhanced the de novo ceramide synthesis and gene expression in NHEKs for proteins, such as serine-palmitoyltransferase and ceramide synthase. Total ceramide, GlcCer, and sphingomyelin contents increased dramatically upon ASB treatment. In particular, GlcCer bearing very-long-chain fatty acids (≥C28) exhibited a significant content increase. These ASB-induced enhancements on de novo ceramide synthesis were only observed in undifferentiated NHEKs. This stimulation of the de novo sphingolipid synthesis may improve skin barrier functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mikami
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Molecular Profiling of Sea Cucumber Cerebrosides. Lipids 2015; 50:667-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Jia Z, Li S, Cong P, Wang Y, Sugawara T, Xue C, Xu J. High Throughput Analysis of Cerebrosides from the Sea Cucumber Pearsonothria graeffei by Liquid Chromatography—Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:51-60. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zicai Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Aquatic Products Quality Testing Center of Zhejiang Province
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li L, Han J, Wang Z, Liu J, Wei J, Xiong S, Zhao Z. Mass spectrometry methodology in lipid analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10492-507. [PMID: 24921707 PMCID: PMC4100164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics is an emerging field, where the structures, functions and dynamic changes of lipids in cells, tissues or body fluids are investigated. Due to the vital roles of lipids in human physiological and pathological processes, lipidomics is attracting more and more attentions. However, because of the diversity and complexity of lipids, lipid analysis is still full of challenges. The recent development of methods for lipid extraction and analysis and the combination with bioinformatics technology greatly push forward the study of lipidomics. Among them, mass spectrometry (MS) is the most important technology for lipid analysis. In this review, the methodology based on MS for lipid analysis was introduced. It is believed that along with the rapid development of MS and its further applications to lipid analysis, more functional lipids will be identified as biomarkers and therapeutic targets and for the study of the mechanisms of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Juanjuan Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jian'an Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Michaelson LV, Markham JE, Zäeuner S, Matsumoto M, Chen M, Cahoon EB, Napier JA. Identification of a cytochrome b5-fusion desaturase responsible for the synthesis of triunsaturated sphingolipid long chain bases in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 90:50-5. [PMID: 23510654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Triunsaturated sphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs) have previously been reported in some specialised tissues of marine invertebrates. We report the presence of similar LCBs in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and identify the cytochrome b5-fusion desaturase responsible for the introduction of the third double bond at the Δ10 position in d18:3Δ4,8,10. This study extends the catalytic repertoire of the cytochrome b5 fusion desaturase family, also indicating the presence of orthologues in other marine invertebrates. The function of these polyunsaturated sphingolipid LCBs is currently unknown but it was previously suggested that they play an essential role in primitive animals. The identification of the desaturase responsible for their synthesis paves the way for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peter Slotte J. Molecular properties of various structurally defined sphingomyelins -- correlation of structure with function. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:206-19. [PMID: 23295259 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins are important phospholipids in plasma membranes of most cells. Because of their dominantly saturated nature, they affect the lateral structure of membranes, and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol distribution within membranes, and in cells. However, the abundance of molecular species present in cells also implies that sphingomyelins have other, more specific functions. Many of these functions are currently unknown, but are under extensive study. Mostly model membrane studies have shown that sphingomyelins (and other sphingolipids), in contrast to glycerophospholipids, have important hydrogen bonding properties which in several important ways confer specific functional properties to this abundant class of membrane phospholipids. The often very asymmetric nature of sphingomyelins, arising from mismatch in length between the long chain base and N-acyl chains, also impose specific properties (e.g., interdigitation) to sphingomyelins not seen with glycerophospholipids. In this review, the latest sphingomyelin literature will be scrutinized, and an effort will be made to correlate the molecular structure of sphingomyelin with functional properties. In particular, the effects of head group properties, interfacial hydrogen bonding, long chain base hydroxylation, N-acyl chain hydroxylation, and N-acyl chain methyl-branching will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vardi A, Haramaty L, Van Mooy BAS, Fredricks HF, Kimmance SA, Larsen A, Bidle KD. Host-virus dynamics and subcellular controls of cell fate in a natural coccolithophore population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19327-32. [PMID: 23134731 PMCID: PMC3511156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208895109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine viruses are major evolutionary and biogeochemical drivers in marine microbial foodwebs. However, an in-depth understanding of the cellular mechanisms and the signal transduction pathways mediating host-virus interactions during natural bloom dynamics has remained elusive. We used field-based mesocosms to examine the "arms race" between natural populations of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its double-stranded DNA-containing coccolithoviruses (EhVs). Specifically, we examined the dynamics of EhV infection and its regulation of cell fate over the course of bloom development and demise using a diverse suite of molecular tools and in situ fluorescent staining to target different levels of subcellular resolution. We demonstrate the concomitant induction of reactive oxygen species, caspase-specific activity, metacaspase expression, and programmed cell death in response to the accumulation of virus-derived glycosphingolipids upon infection of natural E. huxleyi populations. These subcellular responses to viral infection simultaneously resulted in the enhanced production of transparent exopolymer particles, which can facilitate aggregation and stimulate carbon flux. Our results not only corroborate the critical role for glycosphingolipids and programmed cell death in regulating E. huxleyi-EhV interactions, but also elucidate promising molecular biomarkers and lipid-based proxies for phytoplankton host-virus interactions in natural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Vardi
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Liti Haramaty
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Helen F. Fredricks
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Susan A. Kimmance
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Aud Larsen
- Uni Environment, Uni Research, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kay D. Bidle
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu J, Duan J, Xue C, Feng T, Dong P, Sugawara T, Hirata T. Analysis and comparison of glucocerebroside species from three edible sea cucumbers using liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12246-12253. [PMID: 22004409 DOI: 10.1021/jf203556s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids constitute a highly diverse and complex class of molecules and exhibit important physiological functions. Glucocerebrosides are anticipated to play a positive role in human nutrition. In this study, complicated glucocerebrosides from three specimens of edible sea cucumbers, specifically, Acaudina molpadioides, Cucumaria frondosa, and Apostichopus japonicus, were rapidly identified using liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF), which is a powerful analysis tool. [M + H](+), [M + Na](+), and [M + H - H(2)O](+) in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were used for MS/MS analysis to obtain product ion spectra. Various long-chain bases of glucocerebrosides were found in these sea cucumbers. Two of the most common long-chain bases were 2-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-4-heptadecene (d17:1) and 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2), which were acylated to form saturated and monounsaturated nonhydroxy and monohydroxy fatty acids with 18-25 carbon atoms. The glucocerebroside molecular species were the most complicated in the sea cucumber C. frondosa and were the simplest in the sea cucumber A. molpadioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Merrill AH. Sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolic pathways in the era of sphingolipidomics. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6387-422. [PMID: 21942574 PMCID: PMC3191729 DOI: 10.1021/cr2002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biology, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sphingomyelin analogs with branched N-acyl chains: the position of branching dramatically affects acyl chain order and sterol interactions in bilayer membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1987-94. [PMID: 20637720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have been found to have single methyl branchings both in their long-chain base and in their N-linked acyl chains. In this study we determined how methyl-branching in the N-linked acyl chain of sphingomyelin (SM) affected their membrane properties. SM analogs with a single methyl-branching at carbon 15 (of a 17:0 acyl chain; anteiso) had a lower gel-liquid transition temperature as compared to an iso-branched SM analog. Phytanoyl SM (methyls at carbons 3, 7, 11 and 15) as well as a SM analog with a methyl on carbon 10 in a hexadecanoyl chain failed to show a gel-liquid transition above 10 degrees C. Only the two distally branched SM analogs (iso and anteiso) formed ordered domains with cholesterol in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayer. However, domains formed by the branched SM analogs appeared to contain less sterol when compared to palmitoyl SM (PSM) as the saturated phospholipid. Sterol-enriched domains formed by the anteiso SM analog were also less stable against temperature than domains formed by PSM. Both the 10-methyl and phytanoyl SM analogs failed to form sterol-enriched domains in the POPC bilayer. Acyl chain branching weakened SM/sterol interactions markedly when compared to PSM, as also evidenced from the decreased affinity of cholestatrienol to bilayers containing branched SM analogs. Our results show that methyl-branching weakened intermolecular interactions in a position-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kojima H, Inoue T, Sugita M, Itonori S, Ito M. Biochemical studies on sphingolipid of Artemia franciscana (I) isolation and characterization of sphingomyelin. Lipids 2010; 45:635-43. [PMID: 20571930 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin was isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana using QAE-Sephadex A25, Florisil and Iatrobeads column chromatographies. The chemical structure was identified using thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The ceramide moiety of sphingomyelin consisted of stearic, arachidic, and behenic acids as fatty acids, and hexadeca-4- and heptadeca-4-sphingenines as sphingoids. By comparative analysis, the ceramide component of Artemia sphingomyelin appears unique in invertebrates and vertebrates. Biological functions of sphingomyelin have largely been investigated using mammalian-derived sphingomyelin. In mammals, a wide variety of molecular species of sphingomyelins have been reported, especially derived from nerve tissue, while the lower animal Artemia contains this unusual sphingomyelin perhaps because of having a much simpler nervous system. The purified unusual sphingomyelin derived from Artemia franciscana might be a very useful tool in elucidating the functions and mechanisms of action of this mediator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kojima
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sugawara T, Duan J, Aida K, Tsuduki T, Hirata T. Identification of Glucosylceramides Containing Sphingatrienine in Maize and Rice Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2010; 45:451-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
23
|
Sugawara T, Tsuduki T, Yano S, Hirose M, Duan J, Aida K, Ikeda I, Hirata T. Intestinal absorption of dietary maize glucosylceramide in lymphatic duct cannulated rats. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:1761-9. [PMID: 20211933 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in all eukaryotic organisms. Various physiological functions of dietary sphingolipids, such as preventing colon cancer and improving the skin barrier function, have been recently reported. One of the common sphingolipids used as a foodstuff is glucosylceramide from plant sources, which is composed of sphingoid bases distinct from those of mammals. However, the fate of dietary sphingolipids derived from plants is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the absorption of maize glucosylceramide in the rat intestine using a lipid absorption assay of lymph from the thoracic duct. The free and complex forms of trans-4,cis-8-sphingadienine, the predominant sphingoid base of maize glucosylceramide, were found in the lymph after administration of maize glucosylceramide. This plant type of sphingoid base was detected in the ceramide fraction and N-palmitoyl-4,8-sphingadienine (C16:0-d18:2) and N-tricosanoyl-4,8-sphingadienine (C23:0-d18:2) were identified by LC-MS/MS. The cumulative recovery of 4t,8c-sphingadienine in the lymph was very low. These results indicate that dietary glucosylceramide originating from higher plants is slightly absorbed in the intestine and is incorporated into ceramide structures in the intestinal cells. However, it appears that the intact form of sphingoid bases is not reutilized well in the tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sugawara T, Aida K, Duan J, Hirata T. Analysis of Glucosylceramides from Various Sources by Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:387-94. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
25
|
Haynes CA, Allegood JC, Park H, Sullards MC. Sphingolipidomics: methods for the comprehensive analysis of sphingolipids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2696-708. [PMID: 19147416 PMCID: PMC2765038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a highly diverse and complex class of molecules that serve as both structural components of cellular membranes and signaling molecules capable of eliciting apoptosis, differentiation, chemotaxis, and other responses in mammalian cells. Comprehensive or "sphingolipidomic" analyses (structure specific, quantitative analyses of all sphingolipids, or at least all members of a critical subset) are required in order to elucidate the role(s) of sphingolipids in a given biological context because so many of the sphingolipids in a biological system are inter-converted structurally and metabolically. Despite the experimental challenges posed by the diversity of sphingolipid-regulated cellular responses, the detection and quantitation of multiple sphingolipids in a single sample has been made possible by combining classical analytical separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with state-of-the-art tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques. As part of the Lipid MAPS consortium an internal standard cocktail was developed that comprises the signaling metabolites (i.e. sphingoid bases, sphingoid base-1-phosphates, ceramides, and ceramide-1-phosphates) as well as more complex species such as mono- and di-hexosylceramides and sphingomyelin. Additionally, the number of species that can be analyzed is growing rapidly with the addition of fatty acyl Co-As, sulfatides, and other complex sphingolipids as more internal standards are becoming available. The resulting LC-MS/MS analyses are one of the most analytically rigorous technologies that can provide the necessary sensitivity, structural specificity, and quantitative precision with high-throughput for "sphingolipidomic" analyses in small sample quantities. This review summarizes historical and state-of-the-art analytical techniques used for the identification, structure determination, and quantitation of sphingolipids from free sphingoid bases through more complex sphingolipids such as sphingomyelins, lactosylceramides, and sulfatides including those intermediates currently considered sphingolipid "second messengers". Also discussed are some emerging techniques and other issues remaining to be resolved for the analysis of the full sphingolipidome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Haynes
- School of Biology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy C. Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-5048, U.S.A
| | - Hyejung Park
- School of Biology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, U.S.A
| | - M. Cameron Sullards
- School of Biology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, U.S.A
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pruett ST, Bushnev A, Hagedorn K, Adiga M, Haynes CA, Sullards MC, Liotta DC, Merrill AH. Biodiversity of sphingoid bases ("sphingosines") and related amino alcohols. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1621-39. [PMID: 18499644 PMCID: PMC2444003 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800012-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Sphingosin" was first described by J. L. W. Thudichum in 1884 and structurally characterized as 2S,3R,4E-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol in 1947 by Herb Carter, who also proposed the designation of "lipides derived from sphingosine as sphingolipides." This category of amino alcohols is now known to encompass hundreds of compounds that are referred to as sphingoid bases and sphingoid base-like compounds, which vary in chain length, number, position, and stereochemistry of double bonds, hydroxyl groups, and other functionalities. Some have especially intriguing features, such as the tail-to-tail combination of two sphingoid bases in the alpha,omega-sphingoids produced by sponges. Most of these compounds participate in cell structure and regulation, and some (such as the fumonisins) disrupt normal sphingolipid metabolism and cause plant and animal disease. Many of the naturally occurring and synthetic sphingoid bases are cytotoxic for cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms or have other potentially useful bioactivities; hence, they offer promise as pharmaceutical leads. This thematic review gives an overview of the biodiversity of the backbones of sphingolipids and the broader field of naturally occurring and synthetic sphingoid base-like compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Pruett
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Tilvi S, Majik M, Naik CG. Tandem mass spectrometric approach for determining the structure of molecular species of ceramide in the marine sponge Haliclona cribricutis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2005; 11:345-51. [PMID: 16107749 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are important intracellular second messengers that play a role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and programmed cell death. Analysis of these second messengers requires sensitive and specific analytical method to detect individual ceramide species and to differentiate between them. Eight molecular species of ceramide were identified from the marine sponge Haliclona cribricutis using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). From this marine sponge N-hencicosanoyl (N21:0) to N-hexasanoyl (N26:0) Octadecasphing-4 (E)-enine have been reported for the first time. The ESI-MS spectra gave several strong protonated molecular ion [M+H](+) with the corresponding bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate adduct [M+H+DHEP](+). The collision induced dissociation (CID) on ceramides at m/z 622.7337, 636.7645, 650.7789, 664.7925 and 678.8130 conducted at low-collision energy produced well characteristic product ions at m/z 252.31, 264.32, 278.33, 282.33 and 296 .35 for d18:1 sphingosine regardless of the length of the fatty chain. The MS/MS of the Phthalate adduct [M+H+DHEP](+) at m/z 1013.1820, 1027.1971, 1041.2176, 1055.2394 and 1069.2573 also yielded characterizing product ions for sphingosine and confirmed the molecular ion at m/z 391 for bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate. The major ions in the [M+H](+) and [M+H+DHEP](+) were due to neutral loss of [M+H-H(2)O](+) and [M+H(H(2)O)(2)](+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tilvi
- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula Goa, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fyrst H, Herr DR, Harris GL, Saba JD. Characterization of free endogenous C14 and C16 sphingoid bases from Drosophila melanogaster. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:54-62. [PMID: 13130120 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300005-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites function as signaling molecules in mammalian cells, influencing cell proliferation, migration, and death. Recently, sphingolipid signaling has been implicated in the regulation of developmental processes in Drosophila melanogaster. However, biochemical analysis of endogenous Drosophila sphingoid bases has not been reported. In this study, a rapid HPLC-based method was developed for the analysis of free sphingoid bases endogenous to Drosophila. Four molecular species of endogenous free sphingoid bases were observed in adult flies and identified as C14 and C16 sphingosine (Sph) and C14 and C16 dihydrosphingosine (DHS). The C14 molecular species were the most prevalent, accounting for approximately 94% of the total free sphingoid bases in adult wild-type flies. An Sph kinase (SK) mutant demonstrated significant accumulation of all four sphingoid bases, whereas a serine palmitoyltransferase mutant demonstrated low but detectable levels. When endogenous sphingoid bases were evaluated at different stages of development, the observed ratio of Sph to DHS increased significantly from early embryo to adulthood. Throughout development, this ratio was significantly lower in the SK mutant as compared with the wild-type. This is the first report describing analysis of free C14 and C16 sphingoid bases from Drosophila. The biochemical characterization of these lipids from mutant models of sphingolipid metabolism should greatly facilitate the analysis of the biological significance of these signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Fyrst
- Children's Hospital, Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|