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Levy E, Fallet-Bianco C, Auclair N, Patey N, Marcil V, Sané AT, Spahis S. Unraveling Chylomicron Retention Disease Enhances Insight into SAR1B GTPase Functions and Mechanisms of Actions, While Shedding Light of Intracellular Chylomicron Trafficking. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1548. [PMID: 39062121 PMCID: PMC11274388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, significant efforts have been focused on unraveling congenital intestinal disorders that disrupt the absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. The primary goal has been to gain deeper insights into intra-enterocyte sites, molecular steps, and crucial proteins/regulatory pathways involved, while simultaneously identifying novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools. This research not only delves into specific and rare malabsorptive conditions, such as chylomicron retention disease (CRD), but also contributes to our understanding of normal physiology through the utilization of cutting-edge cellular and animal models alongside advanced research methodologies. This review elucidates how modern techniques have facilitated the decoding of CRD gene defects, the identification of dysfunctional cellular processes, disease regulatory mechanisms, and the essential role of coat protein complex II-coated vesicles and cargo receptors in chylomicron trafficking and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites. Moreover, experimental approaches have shed light on the multifaceted functions of SAR1B GTPase, wherein loss-of-function mutations not only predispose individuals to CRD but also exacerbate oxidative stress, inflammation, and ER stress, potentially contributing to clinical complications associated with CRD. In addition to dissecting the primary disease pathology, genetically modified animal models have emerged as invaluable assets in exploring various ancillary aspects, including responses to environmental challenges such as dietary alterations, gender-specific disparities in disease onset and progression, and embryonic lethality or developmental abnormalities. In summary, this comprehensive review provides an in-depth and contemporary analysis of CRD, offering a meticulous examination of the CRD current landscape by synthesizing the latest research findings and advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Fallet-Bianco
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nickolas Auclair
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Schohraya Spahis
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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Auclair N, Sané AT, Ahmarani L, Ould-Chikh NEH, Patey N, Beaulieu JF, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. High-fat diet reveals the impact of Sar1b defects on lipid and lipoprotein profile and cholesterol metabolism. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100423. [PMID: 37558128 PMCID: PMC10518719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants of the Sar1b gene cause chylomicron retention disease (CRD) whose central phenotype is the inability to secrete chylomicrons. Patients with CRD experience numerous clinical symptoms such as gastrointestinal, hepatic, neuromuscular, ophthalmic, and cardiological abnormalities. Recently, the production of mice expressing either a targeted deletion or mutation of Sar1b recapitulated biochemical and gastrointestinal defects associated with CRD. The present study was conducted to better understand little-known aspects of Sar1b mutations, including mouse embryonic development, lipid profile, and lipoprotein composition in response to high-fat diet, gut and liver cholesterol metabolism, sex-specific effects, and genotype-phenotype differences. Sar1b deletion and mutation produce a lethal phenotype in homozygous mice, which display intestinal lipid accumulation without any gross morphological abnormalities. On high-fat diet, mutant mice exhibit more marked abnormalities in body composition, adipose tissue and liver weight, plasma cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those on the regular Chow diet. Divergences were also noted in lipoprotein lipid composition, lipid ratios (serving as indices of particle size) and lipoprotein-apolipoprotein distribution. Sar1b defects significantly reduce gut cholesterol accumulation while altering key players in cholesterol metabolism. Noteworthy, variations were observed between males and females, and between Sar1b deletion and mutation phenotypes. Overall, mutant animal findings reveal the importance of Sar1b in several biochemical, metabolic and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léna Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Bélanger V, Morel S, Napartuk M, Bouchard I, Meloche C, Curnier D, Sultan S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Marcil V. Abnormal HDL lipid and protein composition following pediatric cancer treatment: an associative study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:72. [PMID: 37301877 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at high risk of having dyslipidemia including low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, little is known about the prevalence of low HDL-C and the impact of therapy exposure on HDL composition early after treatment is terminated. METHODS This associative study included 50 children and adolescents who had completed their cancer treatments (< 4 years). Clinical characteristics (demographic, diagnosis, treatment, anthropometric parameters), fasting plasma lipids, apoliporoteins (Apo) A-I and composition of HDL fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were assessed. Data were stratified according to the presence of dyslipidemia and median doses of therapeutic agents and compared using Fisher exact or Mann-Whitney tests. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the associations between the clinical and biochemical characteristics and having low HDL-C. Composition of HDL2 and HDL3 particles was assessed in a sub-group of 15 patients and compared to 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using Wilcoxon paired test. RESULTS Of the 50 pediatric cancer patients included in this study (mean age: 11.30 ± 0.72 y; mean time since end of treatment: 1.47 ± 0.12 y; male: 38%), 8 had low HDL-C (16%), all of which were adolescent at diagnosis. Higher doses of doxorubicin were associated with lower HDL-C and Apo A-I levels. In hypertriglyceridemic patients and compared to normolipidemics, triglycerides (TG) content was greater in HDL2 and HDL3 fractions whereas esterified cholesterol (EC) content was lower in HDL2. Enrich TG content of HDL3 and lower EC of HDL2 was found in patients exposed to ≥ 90 mg/m2 doxorubicin. Factors positively associated with the risk of having low HDL-C were age, being overweight or obese and exposure to doxorubicin ≥ 90 mg/m2. Compared to healthy controls, a sub-group of 15 patients showed higher TG and free cholesterol (FC) content of HDL2 and HDL3 and lower EC content in HDL3. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found abnormalities in HDL-C and Apo A-I levels and in HDL composition early after pediatric cancer treatment that are influenced by age, overweight or obesity status and exposure to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bouchard
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Caroline Meloche
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of hypolipidemia disorders. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:797-812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Efficacy of Polyphenols in the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Focus on Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020672. [PMID: 33669729 PMCID: PMC7922034 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PLPs), phytochemicals found in a wide range of plant-based foods, have gained extensive attention in view of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and several additional beneficial activities. The health-promoting effects noted in animal models of various non-communicable diseases explain the growing interest in these molecules. In particular, in vitro and animal studies reported an attenuation of lipid disorders in response to PLPs. However, despite promising preclinical investigations, the effectiveness of PLPs in human dyslipidemia (DLP) is less clear and necessitates revision of available literature. Therefore, the present review analyzes the role of PLPs in managing clinical DLP, notably by dissecting their potential in ameliorating lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and alleviating hyperlipidemia, both postprandially and in long-term interventions. To this end, PubMed was used for article search. The search terms included polyphenols, lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and /or HDL-cholesterol. The critical examination of the trials published to date illustrates certain benefits on blood lipids along with co-morbidities in participant’s health status. However, inconsistent results document significant research gaps, potentially owing to study heterogeneity and lack of rigor in establishing PLP bioavailability during supplementation. This underlines the need for further efforts in order to elucidate and support a potential role of PLPs in fighting DLP.
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Levy E, Beaulieu JF, Spahis S. From Congenital Disorders of Fat Malabsorption to Understanding Intra-Enterocyte Mechanisms Behind Chylomicron Assembly and Secretion. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629222. [PMID: 33584351 PMCID: PMC7873531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, a large body of information on the events responsible for intestinal fat digestion and absorption has been accumulated. In particular, many groups have extensively focused on the absorptive phase in order to highlight the critical "players" and the main mechanisms orchestrating the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons (CM) as essential vehicles of alimentary lipids. The major aim of this article is to review understanding derived from basic science and clinical conditions associated with impaired packaging and export of CM. We have particularly insisted on inborn metabolic pathways in humans as well as on genetically modified animal models (recapitulating pathological features). The ultimate goal of this approach is that "experiments of nature" and in vivo model strategy collectively allow gaining novel mechanistic insight and filling the gap between the underlying genetic defect and the apparent clinical phenotype. Thus, uncovering the cause of disease contributes not only to understanding normal physiologic pathway, but also to capturing disorder onset, progression, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Morel S, Leahy J, Fournier M, Lamarche B, Garofalo C, Grimard G, Poulain F, Delvin E, Laverdière C, Krajinovic M, Drouin S, Sinnett D, Marcil V, Levy E. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:982-993. [PMID: 28274961 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common cancer in children, are at increased risk of developing late cardiometabolic conditions. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the plasma lipid profile, Apo distribution, and lipoprotein composition of 80 childhood ALL survivors compared with 22 healthy controls. Our results show that, despite their young age, 50% of the ALL survivors displayed dyslipidemia, characterized by increased plasma triglyceride (TG) and LDL-cholesterol, as well as decreased HDL-cholesterol. ALL survivors exhibited lower plasma Apo A-I and higher Apo B-100 and C-II levels, along with elevated Apo C-II/C-III and B-100/A-I ratios. VLDL fractions of dyslipidemic ALL survivors contained more TG, free cholesterol, and phospholipid moieties, but less protein. Differences in Apo content were found between ALL survivors and controls for all lipoprotein fractions except HDL3 HDL2, especially, showed reduced Apo A-I and raised Apo A-II, leading to a depressed Apo A-I/A-II ratio. Analysis of VLDL-Apo Cs disclosed a trend for higher Apo C-III1 content in dyslipidemic ALL survivors. In conclusion, this thorough investigation demonstrates a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in ALL survivors, while highlighting significant abnormalities in their plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein composition. Special attention must, therefore, be paid to these subjects given the atherosclerotic potency of lipid and lipoprotein disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Jade Leahy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Maryse Fournier
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Benoit Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Guy Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Floriane Poulain
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Simon Drouin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5 .,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
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8
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Sané A, Seidman E, Spahis S, Lamantia V, Garofalo C, Montoudis A, Marcil V, Levy E. New Insights In Intestinal Sar1B GTPase Regulation and Role in Cholesterol Homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2270-82. [PMID: 25826777 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sar1B GTPase is a key component of Coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum to export newly synthesized proteins. The aims of this study were to determine whether Sar1B responds to lipid regulation and to evaluate its role in cholesterol (CHOL) homeostasis. The influence of lipids on Sar1B protein expression was analyzed in Caco-2/15 cells by Western blot. Our results showed that the presence of CHOL (200 μM) and oleic acid (0.5 mM), bound to albumin, increases Sar1B protein expression. Similarly, supplementation of the medium with micelles composed of taurocholate with monooleylglycerol or oleic acid also stimulated Sar1B expression, but the addition of CHOL (200 μM) to micelle content did not modify its regulation. On the other hand, overexpression of Sar1B impacted on CHOL transport and metabolism in view of the reduced cellular CHOL content along with elevated secretion when incubated with oleic acid-containing micelles for 24 h, thereby disclosing induced CHOL transport. This was accompanied with higher secretion of free- and esterified-CHOL within chylomicrons, which was not the case when oleic acid was replaced with monooleylglycerol or when albumin-bound CHOL was given alone. The aforementioned cellular CHOL depletion was accompanied with a low phosphorylated/non phosphorylated HMG-CoA reductase ratio, indicating elevated enzymatic activity. Combination of Sar1B overexpression with micelle incubation led to reduction in intestinal CHOL transporters (NPC1L1, SR-BI) and metabolic regulators (PCSK9 and LDLR). The present work showed that Sar1B is regulated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by dietary lipids, suggesting an adaptation to alimentary lipid flux. Our data also suggest that Sar1B overexpression contributes to regulation of CHOL transport and metabolism by facilitating rapid uptake and transport of CHOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Sané
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Ernest Seidman
- Research Institute, McGill University, Campus MGH, C10.148.6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1A8
| | - Valérie Lamantia
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Alain Montoudis
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.,Research Institute, McGill University, Campus MGH, C10.148.6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1A8
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9
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Yee EU, Goldsmith JD. Diarrheal Illness in the Pediatric Population: A Review of Neonatal Enteropathies and Childhood Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Surg Pathol Clin 2013; 6:523-543. [PMID: 26839099 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the clinical context of pediatric diarrheal illness, the interpretation of endoscopic mucosal biopsies varies significantly from that in adults. This review outlines these differences by first describing a host of diarrheal illnesses that are nearly exclusive to the pediatric age group. The final portion of this article describes salient pathologic differences between adult and pediatric idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. The goal of this review is to provide a brief description of each disease process and focus on practical aspects of diagnosis that are applicable for pathologists working in general practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Children's Hospital Boston, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Children's Hospital Boston, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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10
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Peretti N, Roy CC, Sassolas A, Deslandres C, Drouin E, Rasquin A, Seidman E, Brochu P, Vohl MC, Labarge S, Bouvier R, Samson-Bouma ME, Charcosset M, Lachaux A, Levy E. Chylomicron retention disease: a long term study of two cohorts. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 97:136-42. [PMID: 19285442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein assembly is critical for the intestinal absorption of dietary lipids and of fat-soluble vitamins. Through their inhibition of chylomicron secretion, mutations of the Sar1B gene coding for Sar1 GTPase are associated with chylomicron retention disease (CRD). The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic expression of CRD in two clinically and genetically well characterized cohorts, and to compare their long term evolution. The study in 7 children from France (X age 11.3+/-1.7 years) and 9 from Quebec, Canada (X age 12+/-2.5 years) involved data collection from medical records for growth evaluation, neurological and ophthalmological status as well as bone density over an average follow-up period of 4.9 years for the French cohort and of 10.6 years for the Canadian one. All CRD patients presented within the first few months of life with diarrhea and failure to thrive. Severe hypocholesterolemia coupled with normal triglycerides was associated with low LDL and HDL-cholesterol, as well as with low apolipoproteins A-I and B. Varying degrees of essential fatty acid and of vitamin E deficiency were observed. The earlier diagnosis in the Canadian cohort (1.3+/-0.04 years) than in the French one (6.3+/-1.3 years) was unrelated with the severity of presenting symptoms. The fact that the disease had more impact on growth and bone density in the latter group may be related to delayed diagnosis of the disease. Vitamin E deficiency led to functional neurological and ophthalmic changes in a small number of patients but only one developed areflexia. Finally, genotype-phenotype correlation is not obvious in our cohort with CRD; even if, the Canadian subjects with the allele 409G>A had a more severe degree (P<0.001) of hypocholesterolemia than the other patients, many clinical data are inconsistent with a hypothetical genotype-phenotype correlation. This study provides new insights on the phenotypic expression of CRD over time and emphasizes the need to screen the lipid profile of infants with chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Peretti
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, GI-Nutrition Unit, 3175 Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Que., Canada
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Levy E, Lavoie MA, Delvin E, Seidman E, Lambert M, Sinnett D, Sané AT, Leblond F, Spahis S, Roy CC. Avancées dans la dissection fonctionnelle du transport intestinal des lipides. Med Sci (Paris) 2007; 23:1014-9. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200723111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Montoudis A, Delvin E, Menard D, Beaulieu JF, Jean D, Tremblay E, Bendayan M, Levy E. Intestinal-fatty acid binding protein and lipid transport in human intestinal epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 339:248-54. [PMID: 16297872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is a 14-15 kDa cytoplasmic molecule highly expressed in the enterocyte. Although different functions have been proposed for various FABP family members, the specific function of I-FABP in human intestine remains unclear. Here, we studied the role of I-FABP in molecularly modified normal human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6). cDNA transfection resulted in 90-fold I-FABP overexpression compared to cells treated with empty pQCXIP vector. The high-resolution immunogold technique revealed labeling mainly in the cytosol and confirmed the marked phenotype abundance of I-FABP in cDNA transfected cells. I-FABP overexpression was not associated with alterations in cell proliferation and viability. Studies using these transfected cells cultured with [14C]oleic acid did not reveal higher efficiency in de novo synthesis or secretion of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters compared to cells treated with empty pQCXIP vector only. Similarly, the incubation with [35S]methionine did not disclose a superiority in the biogenesis of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-IV, B-48, and B-100. Finally, cells transfected with I-FABP did not exhibit an increased production of chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL. Our observations establish that I-FABP overexpression in normal HIEC-6 is not related to cell proliferation, lipid esterification, apo synthesis, and lipoprotein assembly, and, therefore, exclude its role in intestinal fat transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Montoudis
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal and Research Center, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Que., Canada H3T 1C5
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Marcil V, Peretti N, Delvin E, Levy E. Les processus digestifs et absorptifs des lipides alimentaires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 28:1257-66. [PMID: 15671937 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Marcil
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Stan S, Lambert M, Delvin E, Paradis G, O'loughlin J, Hanley JA, Levy E. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein polymorphisms in French-Canadian youth. J Lipid Res 2004; 46:320-7. [PMID: 15547295 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400346-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests an association between lipid abnormalities and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene variants. Our objectives were to determine whether Ala54Thr FABP2 and G-493T MTP polymorphisms are associated with increased risks of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in youth and/or modify the expression of accompanying dyslipidemia. Our study of 1,742 French-Canadians aged 9, 13, and 16 years did not provide evidence of a potential predisposition to IRS related to either FABP2 or MTP genotypes. However, we observed a heterogeneity of the FABP2 effect by IRS status on total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations (P for interaction=0.045, 0.018, and 0.017, respectively). Among the metabolic components of IRS, only triglyceride (TG) displayed an interaction with FABP2 polymorphism: compared with Thr/Ala and Ala/Ala, the Thr/Thr genotype was associated with a steeper increase in TC, LDL-C, and apoB parallel to TG concentrations (P <0.001). IRS did not modify the associations between the MTP polymorphism and any of the biochemical parameters. Our study suggests that the effects of FABP2 allelic variations on lipid traits are context dependent, indicating that this variant may play an important role in cardiovascular pathogenesis in the presence of IRS or hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stan
- Departments of Nutrition, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Kairamkonda V, Dalzell M. Unusual presentation of three siblings with familial heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162:129-131. [PMID: 12655413 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-002-1123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2002] [Revised: 10/30/2002] [Accepted: 10/31/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We describe three siblings with the unusual presentation of manifest steatorrhoea and vitamin E deficiency mimicking homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia (FHBL) but whose lipid profile (cholesterol and ApoB) was consistent with heterozygous FHBL. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and small intestinal biopsy were normal. We discuss the diagnosis with reference to the relevant literature. CONCLUSION although rare, familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia should be considered among the causes of manifest steatorrhoea in childhood even without evidence of failure to thrive. Dietary restriction of fat and high dose vitamin E supplementation improves quality of life by reducing stool frequency and may prevent or delay neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kairamkonda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - M Dalzell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
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Suc I, Brunet S, Mitchell G, Rivard GE, Levy E. Oxidative tyrosylation of high density lipoproteins impairs cholesterol efflux from mouse J774 macrophages: role of scavenger receptors, classes A and B. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:89-99. [PMID: 12456719 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies were designed to test whether tyrosylation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL(T)) modifies its metabolic features. HDL(T) was less effective than native HDL in promoting cholesterol efflux from J774-AI macrophages. Cell association with fluorescent HDL(T)-apolipoprotein and the uptake of HDL(T)-[(3)H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether were enhanced by 50% in comparison with native HDL. In addition, neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase (nCEH) activity in J774-AI, which controls the hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester stores to provide free cholesterol for cellular release, declined in the presence of HDL(T). In vitro displacement experiments revealed the ability of HDL(T) to compete with oxidized and acetylated LDL, known as ligands of scavenger receptor (SR) class B type I/II. Similarly, treatment with a blocking antibody to SR-BI/II reduced the cell association of HDL(T) and native HDL by 50%. The addition of polyinosinic acid, an inhibitor of SR class A, reduced the cell association of HDL(T) without affecting that of native HDL. These findings provide evidence that HDL(T) can compete with modified LDL, bind SR-BI/BII and internalize cholesterol ester. Furthermore, the impaired capacity of HDL(T) in promoting cholesterol efflux from J774-AI was accompanied by diminished nCEH and enhanced recognition by SR-AI/II, which appears to involve the transport of cholesterol into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Suc
- Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Diego Núñez M, Cortijo González C. Hipobetalipoproteinemia familiar. Descripción de una familia y revisión de las aportaciones españolas. An Pediatr (Barc) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(02)77769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Levy E, Rizwan Y, Thibault L, Lepage G, Brunet S, Bouthillier L, Seidman E. Altered lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and oxidant and antioxidant status in pediatric Crohn disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:807-15. [PMID: 10702177 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.3.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports a role for peroxidation in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease (CD). The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators, and the excessive production of free radicals may affect circulating lipids. OBJECTIVE We examined the lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and oxidant-antioxidant status of children with CD. DESIGN We studied 22 pediatric CD patients and 10 healthy control subjects. RESULTS The proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in plasma of CD patients was higher but that of polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower than in control subjects. This resulted in higher ratios in CD patients of palmitoleic acid to linoleic acid (P < 0. 05) and of eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid (P < 0.04), 2 established indexes of essential fatty acid deficiency. Hypocholesterolemia was noted in CD patients as a result of lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations than in control subjects (P < 0.02). Plasma apolipoproteins B (P < 0.02) and A-I (P < 0.02) were also lower in CD patients, whereas plasma triacylglycerols were higher (P < 0.005). Lipoprotein composition was altered in CD patients, with relative triacylglycerol depletion and protein enrichment in VLDL. In contrast, intermediate-density lipoprotein of CD patients was characterized by an increased percentage of triacylglycerol and protein (P < 0.005) and a reduced proportion of phospholipids (P < 0. 01). Additional abnormalities were observed in the chemical distribution of HDL(2) and HDL(3) moieties. Lipid peroxidation was documented by higher plasma malondialdehyde concentrations in CD patients (P < 0.05), accompanied by lower retinol concentrations (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION Disturbances in the lipid profile, in lipoprotein concentrations and composition, and in oxidant-antioxidant status occur in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levy
- Gastroenterology-Nutrition Unit, Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Basque JR, Lévy É, Beaulieu JF, Ménard D. Apolipoproteins in human fetal colon: Immunolocalization, biogenesis, and hormonal regulation. J Cell Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19980901)70:3<354::aid-jcb9>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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