1
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Li Y, Niu HM, Guo YX, Ma XK, Hu MX, Han JZ, Qin YM. Crypt-like patterned electrospun nanofibrous membrane and probiotics promote intestinal epithelium models close to tissues. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12602-4. [PMID: 37266585 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro intestinal epithelium models have drawn great attention to investigating intestinal biology in recent years. However, the difficulty to maintain the normal physiological status of primary intestinal epithelium in vitro limits the applications. Here, we designed patterned electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous membranes with crypt-like topography and mimic ECM fibrous network to support crypt culture and construct in vitro intestinal epithelium models. The patterned electrospun PLA nanofibrous membranes modified with Matrigels at 0 °C showed high biocompatibility and promoted cell growth and proliferation. The constructed duodenum epithelium models and colon epithelium models on the patterned electrospun PLA nanofibrous membranes expressed the typical differentiation markers of intestinal epithelia and the gene expression levels were close to the original tissues, especially with the help of probiotics. The constructed intestinal epithelium models could be used to assess probiotic adhesion and colonization, which were verified to show significant differences with the Caco-2 cell models due to the different cell types. These findings provide new insights and a better understanding of the roles of biophysical, biochemical, and biological signals in the construction of in vitro intestinal epithelium models as well as the potential applications of these models in the study of host-gut microbes interactions. KEY POINTS: • Patterned electrospun scaffold has crypt-like topography and ECM nanofibrous network. • Matrigels at 0°C modify scaffolds more effectively than at 37°C. • Synergy of biomimic scaffold and probiotics makes in vitro model close to tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hong-Mei Niu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ya-Xin Guo
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xue-Ke Ma
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meng-Xin Hu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Han
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yu-Mei Qin
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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2
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Lauschke VM, Hagberg CE. Next-generation human adipose tissue culture methods. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102057. [PMID: 37247571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes are highly specialized, lipid-storing cells. Their unique characteristics, including their large cell size and high buoyancy, have made adipocytes hard to study in vitro. Most traditional monolayered adipocyte culture models also poorly reflect the morphology and expression of their mature counterparts. The recent invent of 3D adipocyte cultures seems to circumvent many of these shortcomings, and holds promise of improved adipocyte studies in vitro. Notable advances include vascularized and immunocompetent 3D adipose tissue models and organ-on-a-chip models. This short review aims to highlight some of the most recent advances, as well as discussing what challenges still lie ahead in order to develop culture models that are easily applicable, while adequately reflecting the characteristics of human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70 376 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, 72 074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Rebeaud M, Bouche C, Dauvillier S, Attané C, Arellano C, Vaysse C, Fallone F, Muller C. A novel 3D culture model for human primary mammary adipocytes to study their metabolic crosstalk with breast cancer in lean and obese conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4707. [PMID: 36949082 PMCID: PMC10033714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a negative prognosis factor for breast cancer. Yet, the biological mechanisms underlying this effect are still largely unknown. An emerging hypothesis is that the transfer of free fatty acids (FFA) between adipocytes and tumor cells might be altered under obese conditions, contributing to tumor progression. Currently there is a paucity of models to study human mammary adipocytes (M-Ads)-cancer crosstalk. As for other types of isolated white adipocytes, herein, we showed that human M-Ads die within 2-3 days by necrosis when grown in 2D. As an alternative, M-Ads were grown in a fibrin matrix, a 3D model that preserve their distribution, integrity and metabolic function for up to 5 days at physiological glucose concentrations (5 mM). Higher glucose concentrations frequently used in in vitro models promote lipogenesis during M-Ads culture, impairing their lipolytic function. Using transwell inserts, the matrix embedded adipocytes were cocultured with breast cancer cells. FFA transfer between M-Ads and cancer cells was observed, and this event was amplified by obesity. Together these data show that our 3D model is a new tool for studying the effect of M-Ads on tumor cells and beyond with all the components of the tumor microenvironment including the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rebeaud
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Bouche
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Département de Chirurgie Gynécologique oncologique, CHU-Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Attané
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlo Arellano
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Département de Chirurgie Gynécologique oncologique, CHU-Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Charlotte Vaysse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Département de Chirurgie Gynécologique oncologique, CHU-Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédérique Fallone
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France.
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4
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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5
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Lau FH, Vogel K, Luckett JP, Hunt M, Meyer A, Rogers CL, Tessler O, Dupin CL, St Hilaire H, Islam KN, Frazier T, Gimble JM, Scahill S. Sandwiched White Adipose Tissue: A Microphysiological System of Primary Human Adipose Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:135-145. [PMID: 29141507 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a critical organ in both health and disease. However, physiologically faithful tissue culture models of primary human WAT remain limited, at best. In this study we describe a novel WAT culture system in which primary human WAT is sandwiched between tissue-engineered sheets of adipose-derived stromal cells. This construct, called "sandwiched white adipose tissue" (SWAT), can be defined as a microphysiological system (MPS) since it is a tissue-engineered, multicellular, three-dimensional organ construct produced using human cells. We validated SWAT against the National Institutes of Health MPS standards and found that SWAT is viable in culture for 8 weeks, retains physiologic responses to exogenous signaling, secretes adipokines, and engrafts into animal models. These attributes position SWAT as a powerful tool for the study of WAT physiology, pathophysiology, personalized medicine, and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Lau
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kelly Vogel
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John P Luckett
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Maxwell Hunt
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Alicia Meyer
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Camille L Rogers
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Oren Tessler
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles L Dupin
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hugo St Hilaire
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kazi N Islam
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Trivia Frazier
- 2 New Orleans BioInnovation Center , LaCell LLC, New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- 3 Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steven Scahill
- 1 LSUHSC SOM's Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
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6
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Gsib O, Duval JL, Goczkowski M, Deneufchatel M, Fichet O, Larreta-Garde V, Bencherif SA, Egles C. Evaluation of Fibrin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Potential Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E436. [PMID: 29232876 PMCID: PMC5746926 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have gained great attention for a number of biomedical applications due to their improved properties compared to individual components alone. In this study, we investigated the capacity of newly-developed naturally-derived IPNs as potential biomaterials for tissue engineering. These IPNs combine the biologic properties of a fibrous fibrin network polymerized at the nanoscale and the mechanical stability of polyethylene oxide (PEO). First, we assessed their cytotoxicity in vitro on L929 fibroblasts. We further evaluated their biocompatibility ex vivo with a chick embryo organotypic culture model. Subcutaneous implantations of the matrices were subsequently conducted on nude mice to investigate their biocompatibility in vivo. Our preliminary data highlighted that our biomaterials were non-cytotoxic (viability above 90%). The organotypic culture showed that the IPN matrices induced higher cell adhesion (across all the explanted organ tissues) and migration (skin, intestine) than the control groups, suggesting the advantages of using a biomimetic, yet mechanically-reinforced IPN-based matrix. We observed no major inflammatory response up to 12 weeks post implantation. All together, these data suggest that these fibrin-based IPNs are promising biomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Gsib
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et de BioIngénierie (BMBI) UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), 60200 Compiègne, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Duval
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et de BioIngénierie (BMBI) UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), 60200 Compiègne, France.
| | - Mathieu Goczkowski
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules (Errmece), Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - Marie Deneufchatel
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules (Errmece), Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - Odile Fichet
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - Véronique Larreta-Garde
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules (Errmece), Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - Sidi Ahmed Bencherif
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et de BioIngénierie (BMBI) UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), 60200 Compiègne, France.
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Christophe Egles
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et de BioIngénierie (BMBI) UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), 60200 Compiègne, France.
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7
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Abstract
There is high clinical need for an adequate reconstruction of soft tissue defects as found after tumor resections, deep burns or severe trauma. A promising solution for these defects is adipose tissue engineering, with adult stem cells of the adipose tissue, implanted on 3D biomaterials. These adipogenic precursor cells survive ischemia better than mature adipocytes and have the potency to proliferate and differentiate into fat cells after transplantation. They can be yielded from excised adipose tissue or liposuction material. When preadipocytes are seeded on carriers for the generation of adipose tissue, chemical composition, mechanical stability and 3D architecture of the construct are crucial factors. They ensure cellular penetration into the construct, sufficient proliferation on the material and full differentiation inside the construct after transplantation. In hydrogels, it is especially the use and combination of growth factors that determine the overall outcome of the applied biopolymer. Over recent years, in vivo trials in particular have allowed significant insights into the potential, the perspectives, but also the current difficulties and draw-backs in adipose tissue engineering. This review focuses on the main strategies in adipose tissue regeneration, compares the various materials that have been used as carrier matrices so far and considers them in light of the challenges they have yet to meet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hemmrich
- University Hospital of the Aachen, University of Technology RWTH, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Centre, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52057 Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Song EK, Lee YR, Kim YR, Yeom JH, Yoo CH, Kim HK, Park HM, Kang HS, Kim JS, Kim UH, Han MK. NAADP mediates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin sensitization by PPARγ in adipocytes. Cell Rep 2012. [PMID: 23177620 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake through the membrane translocation of GLUT4 and GLUT1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) enhances insulin sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that insulin stimulates GLUT4 and GLUT1 translocation, and glucose uptake, by activating the signaling pathway involving nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), a calcium mobilizer, in adipocytes. We also demonstrate that PPARγ mediates insulin sensitization by enhancing NAADP production through upregulation of CD38, the only enzyme identified for NAADP synthesis. Insulin produced NAADP by both CD38-dependent and -independent pathways, whereas PPARγ produced NAADP by CD38-dependent pathway. Blocking the NAADP signaling pathway abrogated both insulin-stimulated and PPARγ-induced GLUT4 and GLUT1 translocation, thereby inhibiting glucose uptake. CD38 knockout partially inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. However, CD38 knockout completely blocked PPARγ-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes and PPARγ-mediated amelioration of glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that the NAADP signaling pathway is a critical molecular target for PPARγ-mediated insulin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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9
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Muller G. Take-over: multiple mechanisms of inter-adipocyte communication. J Mol Cell Biol 2011; 3:81-90. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjr003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Müller G. Let's shift lipid burden—From large to small adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 656:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Wang T, Si Y, Shirihai OS, Si H, Schultz V, Corkey RF, Hu L, Deeney JT, Guo W, Corkey BE. Respiration in adipocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen species. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1493-502. [PMID: 20035277 PMCID: PMC6154476 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is a desirable goal to stimulate fuel oxidation in adipocytes and shift the balance toward less fuel storage and more burning. To understand this regulatory process, respiration was measured in primary rat adipocytes, mitochondria, and fat-fed mice. Maximum O(2) consumption, in vitro, was determined with a chemical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)). The adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio was measured by luminescence. Mitochondria were localized by confocal microscopy with MitoTracker Green and their membrane potential (Delta psi(M)) measured using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate (TMRE). The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on respiration and body composition in vivo was assessed in mice. Addition of FCCP collapsed Delta psi(M) and decreased the ATP/ADP ratio. However, we demonstrated the same rate of adipocyte O(2) consumption in the absence or presence of fuels and FCCP. Respiration was only stimulated when reactive oxygen species (ROS) were scavenged by pyruvate or NAC: other fuels or fuel combinations had little effect. Importantly, the ROS scavenging role of pyruvate was not affected by rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. In addition, mice that consumed NAC exhibited increased O(2) consumption and decreased body fat in vivo. These studies suggest for the first time that adipocyte O(2) consumption may be inhibited by ROS, because pyruvate and NAC stimulated respiration. ROS inhibition of O(2) consumption may explain the difficulty to identify effective strategies to increase fat burning in adipocytes. Stimulating fuel oxidation in adipocytes by decreasing ROS may provide a novel means to shift the balance from fuel storage to fuel burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yaguang Si
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huiqing Si
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vera Schultz
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard F. Corkey
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liping Hu
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jude T. Deeney
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara E. Corkey
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Diaz Sanchez-Bustamante C, Kelm JM, Egermann M, Djonov V, Fussenegger M. Ectopic Expression of Delta FBJ Murine Osteosarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B Mediates Transdifferentiation of Adipose-like Spheroids into Osteo-like Microtissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1377-94. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Maria Kelm
- Department of Surgical Research and Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Egermann
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Kenakin T, Lenhard JM, Paulik MA. β-Adrenoceptor assays. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2001; Chapter 4:Unit4.6. [PMID: 21971805 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph0406s00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kenakin
- Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Mueller WM, Gregoire FM, Stanhope KL, Mobbs CV, Mizuno TM, Warden CH, Stern JS, Havel PJ. Evidence that glucose metabolism regulates leptin secretion from cultured rat adipocytes. Endocrinology 1998; 139:551-8. [PMID: 9449624 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.2.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating leptin secreted from adipocytes is correlated with fat mass and plasma insulin concentrations in humans and rodents. Plasma leptin, insulin, and glucose decrease during fasting and increase after refeeding; however, the underlying mechanisms regulating the changes of leptin secretion are not known. To investigate the role of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in the regulation of leptin secretion, we examined the effects of insulin and inhibitors of glucose transport and metabolism on leptin secretion from rat adipocytes in primary culture. Insulin (0.16-16 nM) increased leptin secretion over 96 h; however, the increase in leptin was more closely related to the amount of glucose taken up by the adipocytes (r = 0.64; P < 0.0001) than to the insulin concentration per se (r = 0.20; P < 0.28), suggesting a role for glucose transport and/or metabolism in regulating leptin secretion. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a competitive inhibitor of glucose transport and phosphorylation, caused a concentration-dependent (2-50 mg/dl) inhibition of leptin release in the presence of 1.6 nM insulin. The inhibitory effect of 2-DG was reversed by high concentrations of glucose. Two other inhibitors of glucose transport, phloretin (0.05-0.25 mM) and cytochalasin-B (0.5-50 microM), also inhibited leptin secretion. Inhibition of leptin secretion by these agents was proportional to the inhibition of glucose uptake (r = 0.60 to 0.86; all P < 0.01). Two inhibitors of glycolysis, iodoacetate (0.005-1.0 mM) and sodium fluoride (0.1-5 mM), produced concentration-dependent inhibition of leptin secretion in the presence of 1.6 nM insulin. In addition, both 2-DG and sodium fluoride markedly decreased the leptin (ob) messenger RNA content of cultured adipocytes, but did not affect 18S ribosomal RNA content. We conclude that glucose transport and metabolism are important factors in the regulation of leptin expression and secretion and that the effect of insulin to increase adipocyte glucose utilization is likely to contribute to insulin-stimulated leptin secretion. Thus, in vivo, decreased adipose glucose metabolism may be one mechanism by which fasting decreases circulating leptin, whereas increased adipose glucose metabolism would increase leptin after refeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Mueller
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Fox HL, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Lynch CJ. Amino acids stimulate phosphorylation of p70S6k and organization of rat adipocytes into multicellular clusters. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 274:C206-13. [PMID: 9458729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.1.c206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we have shown that rat adipocytes suspended in Matrigel and placed in primary culture migrate through the gel to form multicellular clusters over a 5- to 6-day period. In the present study, phosphorylation of the insulin-regulated 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6k) was observed within 30 min of establishment of adipocytes in primary culture. Two inhibitors of the p70S6k signaling pathway, rapamycin and LY-294002, greatly reduced phosphorylation of p70S6k and organization of adipocytes into multicellular clusters. Of all the components of the cell culture medium, amino acids, and in particular a subset of neutral amino acids, were found to promote both phosphorylation of p70S6k and cluster formation. Lowering the concentrations of amino acids in the medium to levels approximating those in plasma of fasted rats decreased both phosphorylation of p70S6k and cluster formation. Furthermore, stimulation of p70S6k phosphorylation by amino acids was prevented by either rapamycin or LY-294002. These findings demonstrate that amino acids stimulate the p70S6k signaling pathway in adipocytes and imply a role for this pathway in multicellular clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
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Brown LM, Fox HL, Hazen SA, LaNoue KF, Rannels SR, Lynch CJ. Role of the matrixin MMP-2 in multicellular organization of adipocytes cultured in basement membrane components. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 272:C937-49. [PMID: 9124530 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.3.c937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary rat adipocytes cultured in basement membrane component gels migrated and organized into large, three-dimensional, multicellular clusters. Gross morphological changes seen during this reorganization are described. The rate of cluster formation decreased with age of the rats and was stimulated by insulin in older, but not in younger rats. Echistatin, a disintegrin, partially inhibited the formation of multicellular clusters in a concentration-dependent fashion (50% inhibitory concentration approximately 10 nM). The original extracellular matrix was initially remodeled and eventually destroyed by the time large multicellular clusters were observed. This implied that one or more matrix-degrading protease(s) were being secreted. Adipocyte-conditioned medium was found to contain a divalent cation-sensitive gelatinase activity at approximately 72 and/or approximately 62 kDa. The elution profile of this activity from gelatin-Sepharose 4B was similar to matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2, a 72-kDa matrixin with a 62-kDa mature form), and the dimethyl sulfoxide eluant from these columns contained MMP-2 immunoreactivity. MMP-2 concentration and activity were greater in conditioned medium from young than from older animals; however, insulin did not affect the amount of MMP-2 in adipocyte-conditioned media. The matrixin inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline not only blocked gelatinase activity in zymograms but also prevented extracellular matrix remodeling and destruction, as well as adipocyte migration and the formation of cell-cell contacts in adipocyte cultures. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the matrixin MMP-2 is secreted by adipocytes. Whereas matrixin activity alone may not be sufficient for the formation of multicellular clusters, the data indicate that it may have a requisite role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
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