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Yuan X, Huang Y, Zhang S, Gou R, Zhu S, Guo Q. Multi-aspect simulation insight on thermolysis mechanism and interaction of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives: a new conception of the mixed explosive model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:20951-20968. [PMID: 37496442 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Reactive molecular dynamics (RMDs) calculations were used to determine, for the first time, the process of thermolysis of the mixed explosives, including 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoline (HMX). Significantly, this is the first time that a layered model for mixed explosives, which is an extreme innovation of mixed explosive models was adopted. It is shown that a large amount of NO2 in the HMX and OH groups generated by the decomposition of HNO2 has a favorable effect on the thermolysis of NTO, as further validated by a reduction in the activation energy of NTO/HMX. The amount of H2O and N2 in the resulting products increased significantly, but the amount of NH3 changed slightly. The analysis results correspond to the change in chemical bonds. Whenever there is an increase in temperature, the time for the maximum number of clusters to appear is shortened accordingly. In addition, the acidity of NTO has been considered. An independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) and atoms in molecule (AIM) analysis of NTO/HMX was implemented. The relatively strong hydrogen bonds indicate that HMX can inhibit the acidity of NTO and is beneficial for the wide application of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China.
| | - Shuhai Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ruijun Gou
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China.
| | - Shuangfei Zhu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qianjin Guo
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China.
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Xiao Y, Jia H, Jin B, Huang Q, Peng R, Chu S. Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one by gas manometric technique. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang China
| | | | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang China
| | - Qiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang China
| | - Shijin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang China
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3
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ReaxFF/lg molecular dynamics study on thermolysis mechanism of NTO/HTPB plastic bonded explosive. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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He X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Cui S, Liu W, Li Z. Controllable fabrication of Ag-NP-decorated porous ZnO nanosheet arrays with superhydrophobic properties for high performance SERS detection of explosives. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient hydrophobic condensation surface was developed and used as an ultrasensitive and stable SERS sensor based on ZnO–Ag hybrid mesoporous nanosheet (MNS) arrays for natural explosive sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Sheng Cui
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Zhongbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Anhui, Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
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5
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6
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Wang X, Jin S, Zhang C, Li L, Chen S, Shu Q. Preparation, Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Crystal Form of Diammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Goel N. Syntheses, structural and thermal analysis of Tb(III) complexes with 4-nitrophenol, 2,6-dinitrophenol and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Liu X, Yang Q, Su Z, Chen S, Xie G, Wei Q, Gao S. 3D high-energy-density and low sensitivity materials: synthesis, structure and physicochemical properties of an azide–Cu(ii) complex with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 3D energetic coordination polymer of azide–Cu(ii), Cu(3,5-DNBA)(N3), was synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, where 3,5-DNBA represents 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhiyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069, China
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10
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WANG YONG, SHI WENJING, REN FUDE, CAO DUANLIN, CHEN FANG. A B3LYP AND MP2(FULL) THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE C–NO2 BOND STRENGTH UPON THE FORMATION OF HF OR Na+ COMPLEX INVOLVING THE NITRO GROUP OF NITRO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The change of bond dissociation energy (ΔBDE) in the C–NO2 bond upon the formation of the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding or molecule-cation interaction between the nitro group of seven kinds of nitro-1,2,4-triazoles and HF or Na+ was investigated using the B3LYP and MP2(full) methods with the 6-311++G**, 6-311++G(2df, 2p) and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The C–NO2 bond strength was enhanced and the charge of nitro group turned more negative in complex in comparison with those in isolated nitro-1,2,4-triazole molecule. The increment of the C–NO2 BDEs correlated well with the H-bonding interaction energy or molecule-cation interaction energy. The analysis of AIM, NBO and electron density shifts showed that the electron density shifted toward the C–NO2 bond upon complex formation, leading to the strengthened C–NO2 bond and the possibly reduced explosive sensitivity. The ΔBDE of the C–NO2 bond in the Na+ complex is far larger greater than that in the corresponding HF system. Thus, introducing cation into the structure of the nitrotriazole might be more efficacious to reduce explosive sensitivity than the formation of the intermolecular hydrogen-bonded complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- YONG WANG
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - WEN-JING SHI
- The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030053, P. R. China
| | - FU-DE REN
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - DUAN-LIN CAO
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - FANG CHEN
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
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11
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A comparative theoretical investigation into the strength of the trigger-bond in the Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and HF complexes involving the nitro group of R-NO₂ (R = -CH₃, -NH₂ and -OCH₃) or the C = C bond of (E)-O₂N-CH = CH-NO₂. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2499-507. [PMID: 23446440 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A comparative theoretical investigation into the change in strength of the trigger-bond upon formation of the Na(+), Mg(2+) and HF complexes involving the nitro group of RNO₂ (R = -CH₃, -NH₂, -OCH₃) or the C = C bond of (E)-O₂N-CH = CH-NO₂ was carried out using the B3LYP and MP2(full) methods with the 6-311++G**, 6-311++G(2df,2p) and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Except for the Mg(2+)⋯π system with (E)-O2N-CH = CH-NO₂ (i.e., C₂H₂N₂O₄⋯Mg(2+)), the strength of the trigger-bond X-NO₂ (X = C, N or O) was enhanced upon complex formation. Furthermore, the increment of bond dissociation energy of the X-NO₂ bond in the Na(+) complex was far greater than that in the corresponding HF system. Thus, the explosive sensitivity in the former might be lower than that in the latter. For C₂H₂N₂O₄⋯Mg(2+), the explosive sensitivity might also be reduced. Therefore, it is possible that introducing cations into the structure of explosives might be more efficacious at reducing explosive sensitivity than the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen-bonded complex. AIM, NBO and electron density shifts analyses showed that the electron density shifted toward the X-NO₂ bond upon complex formation, leading to a strengthened X-NO₂ bond and possibly reduced explosive sensitivity.
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12
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Wei QG, Shi WJ, Ren FD, Wang Y, Ren J. A B3LYP and MP2(full) theoretical investigation into the strength of the C-NO2 bond upon the formation of the molecule-cation interaction between Na+ and the nitro group of nitrotriazole or its methyl derivatives. J Mol Model 2012; 19:453-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Ravi P, Babu BK, Tewari SP. Theoretical investigations on the structure, density, thermodynamic and performance properties of amino-, methyl-, nitroso- and nitrotriazolones. J Mol Model 2012; 19:33-48. [PMID: 22777428 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied herein the effect of position and the number of -NO, -NO2, -NH2 and -CH3 groups on the structure, stability, impact sensitivity, density, thermodynamic and detonation properties of triazolones by performing density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The optimized structures, vibrational frequencies and thermodynamic values for triazolones have been obtained in their ground state. Kamlet-Jacob equations were used to calculate the detonation velocity and detonation pressure of model compounds. The detonation properties of NNTO (D 8.75 to 9.10 km/s, P 34.0 to 37.57 GPa), DNTO (D 8.80 to 9.05 km/s, P 35.55 to 38.27 GPa), ADNTO (D 9.01 to 9.42 km/s and P 37.81 to 41.10 GPa) and ANNTO (D 8.58 to 9.0 km/s, P 30.81 to 36.25 GPa) are compared with those of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) (D 8.75 km/s, P 34.70 Gpa) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) (D 8.96 km/s, P 35.96 GPa). The designed compounds satisfy the criteria of high energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ravi
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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14
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Singh UP, Goel N, Singh G, Srivastava P. Syntheses, structural and thermal studies of Eu(III) and Gd(III) complexes with 2,6-dinitrophenol and 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2′-bipyridine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Chen H, Chen S, Li L, Jiao Q, Wei T, Jin S. Synthesis, single crystal structure and characterization of pentanitromonoformylhexaazaisowurtzitane. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:569-574. [PMID: 19913358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pentanitromonoformylhexaazaisowurtzitane (PNMFIW) was synthesized by the nitrolysis of tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TADFIW) in mixed nitric and sulfuric acids and structurally characterized by element analysis, FT-IR, MS and (1)H NMR. Single crystals of PNMFIW were grown from aqueous solution employing the technique of controlled evaporation. PNMFIW belongs to the orthorhombic system having four molecules in the unit cell, with space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and the lattice parameters a=8.8000(18)A, b=12.534(2)A, and c=12.829(3)A. The calculated density reaches 1.977 g/cm(3) at 93 K, while the experimental density is 1.946 g/cm(3) at 20 degrees C. The calculated detonation velocity and pressure of PNMFIW according to the experimental density are 9195.76 m/s and 39.68G Pa, respectively. PNMFIW is insensitive compared with epsilon-HNIW through drop hammer impact sensitivity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Chen H, Zhang T, Zhang J. Synthesis, characterization and properties of nitrogen-rich salts of trinitrophloroglucinol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:1473-1477. [PMID: 18555603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five different nitrogen-rich salts of trinitrophloroglucinol (H(3)TNPG) have been prepared by the reaction of ammonia, aminoguanidine (AG), carbohydrazide (CHZ), semicarbazide (SCZ) and 5-aminotetrazo (ATZ) with trinitrophloroglucinol in aqueous solution through the heating method of water bath, with the yield up to 80%. These salts were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, DSC and TG-DTG techniques. Their melting temperature is consistent with the thermal decomposition temperature. Their thermal decomposition process and kinetic parameters from 323 to 673K were investigated under a linear heating rate by DSC. The thermal decomposition of these salts undergoes an intensive exothermic decomposition stage to evolve abundant gas products and the enthalpies of exothermic decomposition reaction are high. The tests of sensitivity properties show these salts are insensitivity. All the properties of five nitrogen-rich salts appeared to depend on molecule structures and interconnection. It can be concluded that the five compounds are worthy of further in-depth studies as the gas-generating composition, emission reagents and propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Liu Z, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wang S. Studies on three-dimensional coordination polymer [Cd2(N2H4)2(N3)4]n: crystal structure, thermal decomposition mechanism and explosive properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 154:832-838. [PMID: 18077090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A 3D coordination polymer of cadmium(II) hydrazine azide, [Cd2(N2H4)2(N3)4]n, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. Its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, P2(1)/c space group, a=12.555(2)A, b=11.724(2)A, c=7.842(1)A, beta=94.56(2) degrees and Z=4. The crystal contains two crystallographically independent sets of distorted octahedral Cd(II) atoms and dimeric units of Cd2N2, Cd2(NNN)2, Cd2(NN)2 through double micro-1, 1 azide bridges, micro-1, 3 azide bridges and bidentate bridging hydrazine ligands, respectively, and thus generating a 3D network structure. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the complex was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) and FT-IR techniques. Under nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 degrees C/min, the thermal decomposition of the complex contained two intense exothermic decomposition processes in the range of 150-304 degrees C in the DSC curve, and the final decomposed residue at 500 degrees C was Cd. Sensitivity tests revealed that the title complex is very insensitive to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Xu L, Fang G, Li X, Yuan J, Hu X, Zhu W, Xiao H, Ji G. DFT study on the structures and properties of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one crystals at high pressure. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:415-9. [PMID: 17321767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The geometries, lattice parameters, electronic structures, XRD spectra and optical properties of the 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) crystals at high pressure (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10GPa) have been studied using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation implemented using ultrasoft pseudo-potentials. The computational results show that with increasing pressure, the NTO lattice parameters and hydrogen bonds lengths rapidly decrease and the geometries change very little. The total energy increases by approximately 27.543eV from 0 to 10GPa. NTO becomes increasingly conductive or metallic with increasing pressure, while the XRD peaks are shifted to greater angles and the absorption coefficient alpha(omega) increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
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Türker L, Atalar T. Quantum chemical study on 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO) and some of its constitutional isomers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 137:1333-44. [PMID: 16782268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Presently, certain isomeric compounds of NTO and their tautomers have been investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and ROB3P86/6-311G(d,p) levels and also ab initio calculations at RHF/6-311G(d,p) level. The optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, electronic structures and some thermodynamical values for the presently considered NTO isomers have been obtained in their ground states. Also, detonation performances were evaluated by the Kammlet-Jacobs equations, based on the calculated densities and heat of formation values. The homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) (at ROB3P86/6-311G(d,p) level) of NNO(2) and CNO(2) for the molecules were calculated. Moreover, aromatic character of NTO and its isomers and tautomers were investigated by performing NICS calculations using the gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) approach at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/cc-pVDZ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemi Türker
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 06531 Ankara, Turkey.
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Ma H, Song J, Xiao H, Hu R, Wang H, Jin P, Wang Y. Non-isothermal kinetics of the dehydration reaction of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one rubidium and cesium complexes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 128:116-21. [PMID: 16144739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 07/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) rubidium and cesium complexes were synthesized by mixing the aqueous solution of NTO and their respective metal carbonates. Their thermal decomposition and the non-isothermal kinetics of the dehydration reaction were studied under the non-isothermal condition by DSC and TG-DTG methods. The kinetic parameters were obtained from analysis of the DSC and TG-DTG curves by Kissinger method, Ozawa method, the differential method and the integral method. The most probable mechanism functions for the dehydration reaction of the title complexes were suggested by comparing the kinetic parameters. The dehydration decomposition reaction of RbNTO.H2O and CsNTO.H2O appears to be the same as Avrami-Erofeev equation: f(alpha) = (5/2)(1-alpha)[-ln(1-alpha)](3/5), G(alpha)=[-ln(1-alpha)](2/5), n = 2/5. The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 240.88 degrees C for RbNTO.H2O and 246.27 degrees C for CsNTO.H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
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