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Xu X, Gao A, Chen W, Xu X, Li J, Cui C. Lanthanum Ate Amide-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ailin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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Shinohara K, Tsurugi H, Anwander R, Mashima K. Trivalent Rare-Earth Metal Amide Complexes as Catalysts for the Hydrosilylation of Benzophenone Derivatives with HN(SiHMe 2 ) 2 by Amine-Exchange Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:14130-14136. [PMID: 32634253 PMCID: PMC7745047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth metal complexes Ln(L1 )[N(SiHMe2 )2 ](thf) (Ln=La, Ce, Y; L1 =N,N''-bis(pentafluorophenyl)diethylenetriamine dianion) were synthesized by treating Ln[N(SiHMe2 )2 ]3 (thf)2 with L1 H2 . The lanthanum and cerium derivatives are active catalysts for the hydrosilylation of benzophenone derivatives with HN(SiHMe2 )2 . An amine-exchange reaction was revealed as a key step of the catalytic cycle, in which Ln-Si-H β-agostic interactions are proposed to promote insertion of the carbonyl moiety into the Si-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shinohara
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
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Wang ZL, Zhang FL, Xu JL, Shan CC, Zhao M, Xu YH. Copper-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7735-7742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cui-Cui Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Liu X, Wen Q, Xiang L, Leng X, Chen Y. Samarium(II) Monoalkyl Complex Supported by a β-Diketiminato-Based Tetradentate Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5494-5499. [PMID: 32157760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic applications of trivalent rare-earth metal alkyl complexes have been well developed, but the chemistry of divalent rare-earth metal alkyl complexes lagged much behind. Herein, we report the synthesis, structure, and catalytic applications of a samarium(II) monoalkyl complex supported by a β-diketiminato-based tetradentate ligand, [LSmCH(SiMe3 )2 ] (L=[MeC(NDipp)CHC(Me)NCH2 CH2 N(Me)CH2 CH2 NMe2 ]- , Dipp=2,6-(iPr)2 C6 H3 ). This complex is synthesized by the salt metathesis reaction of samarium iodide [LSm(μ-I)]2 and KCH(SiMe3 )2 in 63 % yield. Its structure is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing a distorted square-pyramid coordination geometry. This samarium(II) monoalkyl complex exhibits high catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of aryl and methyl-substituted unsymmetrical internal alkynes with secondary hydrosilanes, selectively providing the α-(E) products in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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Rzonsowska M, Zmudzińska K, Duszczak J, Mituła K, Dudziec B, Żak P. Synthesis of (Multi)Silylalkynyl-Substituted Silsesquioxanes Obtained via Silylative Coupling Reaction. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rzonsowska
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Zmudzińska
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Duszczak
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mituła
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Dudziec
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Żak
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Rivera-Hernández A, Fallon BJ, Ventre S, Simon C, Tremblay MH, Gontard G, Derat E, Amatore M, Aubert C, Petit M. Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Unsymmetrical Alkynes Catalyzed by a Well-Defined, Low-Valent Cobalt Catalyst. Org Lett 2016; 18:4242-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rivera-Hernández
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Brendan J. Fallon
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Ventre
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Cédric Simon
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Tremblay
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Muriel Amatore
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Corinne Aubert
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Marc Petit
- UPMC UNIV Paris 06, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
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9
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Mercy M, Maron L. Can 1,3-butadiene be catalytically hydrophosphinated in the presence of Cp2EuH? A DFT investigation. Dalton Trans 2009:3014-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b815909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Liu B, Cui D. Rare-earth metal complexes stabilized by amino-phosphineligand. Reaction with mesityl azide and catalysis of the cycloaddition of organic azides and aromatic alkynes. Dalton Trans 2009:550-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b811363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Synthesis of 1,1-bis(silyl)-1-alkene derivatives bearing Si–H functional groups via Peterson protocol. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Jiménez MV, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Bartolomé MI, Gierz V, Lahoz FJ, Oro LA. Rhodium(I) Complexes with Hemilabile N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Efficient Alkyne Hydrosilylation Catalysts. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Catálisis Homogénea, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Catálisis Homogénea, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Bartolomé
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Catálisis Homogénea, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Verena Gierz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Catálisis Homogénea, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Catálisis Homogénea, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Catálisis Homogénea, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
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Roy AK. A Review of Recent Progress in Catalyzed Homogeneous Hydrosilation (Hydrosilylation). ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(07)55001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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15
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Zhao WG, Hua R. Highly Regioselective Rhenium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Styrenes. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the years 2001 and 2002. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yong L, Kirleis K, Butenschön H. Stereodivergent Formation of Alkenylsilanes:syn oranti Hydrosilylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by a Cyclopentadienylcobalt(I) Chelate Bearing a Pendant Phosphane Tether. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200606028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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An efficient route to substituted 1-silacyclopent-2-enes and 1-silacyclohex-2-enes via consecutive 1,2-hydroboration and 1,1-organoboration. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Homolysis of the Ln–N bond: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of organolanthanide(II) complexes with furfuryl- and tetrahydrofurfuryl-functionalized indenyl ligands. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aneetha H, Wu W, Verkade JG. Stereo- and Regioselective Pt(DVDS)/P(iBuNCH2CH2)3N-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050034l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halikhedkar Aneetha
- Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - John G. Verkade
- Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Tobisch S. Organolanthanide-Mediated Ring-Opening Ziegler Polymerization (ROZP) of Methylenecycloalkanes: A Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation of Alternative Mechanisms for Chain Initiation of the Samarocene-Promoted ROZP of 2-Phenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane. Chemistry 2005; 11:3113-26. [PMID: 15770709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical investigation of alternative mechanisms for chain initiation of the organolanthanide-promoted ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane (PhMCP) with an archetypical [Cp2SmH] model catalyst is presented. Several conceivable pathways for important elementary steps, which also included ring-opening isomerization of PhMCP to phenylbutadienes, were critically scrutinized for a tentative course of the catalytic reaction. The operative mechanism starts with the first exo-methylene C=C insertion into the Sm-H bond in a 1,2 fashion and is followed by shift-based beta-alkyl eliminative cyclopropyl ring opening by cleavage of a proximal bond, while the alternative mechanism that commences with 2,1-insertion and subsequent ring opening by distal bond scission is revealed to be almost entirely precluded. The facile and irreversible insertion process is not found to occur in a regioselective fashion. The ring-opening process is analyzed as the critical step that discriminates between the two conceivable mechanisms. Opening of the cyclopropyl ring is kinetically easy and proceeds readily for the 1,2-insertion species, while a prohibitively large barrier must be overcome for ring opening of 2,1-insertion species. The isomerization of PhMCP in a ring-opened fashion, which would afford phenylbutadienes as possible products, is predicted to be a less likely process, owing to both kinetic and thermodynamic factors. The phenyl functionality has been demonstrated to distinguish between the regioisomeric ring-opening pathways, both kinetically and thermodynamically, thereby rendering this process selective with regard to the regiochemistry. Overall, chain initiation of the samarocene-mediated ring-opening polymerization of PhMCP is predicted to be a smooth, kinetically facile process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06210 Halle, Germany.
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Ryu JS, Li GY, Marks TJ. Organolathanide-Catalyzed Regioselective Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes, Alkynes, Vinylarenes, Di- and Trivinylarenes, and Methylenecyclopropanes. Scope and Mechanistic Comparison to Intramolecular Cyclohydroaminations. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:12584-605. [PMID: 14531704 DOI: 10.1021/ja035867m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organolanthanide complexes of the type Cp'(2)LnCH(SiMe(3))(2) (Cp' = eta(5)-Me(5)C(5); Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Lu) and Me(2)SiCp' '(2)LnCH(SiMe(3))(2) (Cp' ' = eta(5)-Me(4)C(5); Ln = Nd, Sm, Lu) serve as efficient precatalysts for the regioselective intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes R'Ctbd1;CMe (R' = SiMe(3), C(6)H(5), Me), alkenes RCH=CH(2) (R = SiMe(3), CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)), butadiene, vinylarenes ArCH=CH(2) (Ar = phenyl, 4-methylbenzene, naphthyl, 4-fluorobenzene, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 4-methoxybenzene, 4-(dimethylamino)benzene, 4-(methylthio)benzene), di- and trivinylarenes, and methylenecyclopropanes with primary amines R' 'NH(2) (R' ' = n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl) to yield the corresponding amines and imines. For R = SiMe(3), R = CH(2)=CH lanthanide-mediated intermolecular hydroamination regioselectively generates the anti-Markovnikov addition products (Me(3)SiCH(2)CH(2)NHR' ', (E)-CH(3)CH=CHCH(2)NHR' '). However, for R = CH(3)CH(2)CH(2), the Markovnikov addition product is observed (CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)CHNHR' 'CH(3)). For internal alkynes, it appears that these regioselective transformations occur under significant stereoelectronic control, and for R' = SiMe(3), rearrangement of the product enamines occurs via tautomerization to imines, followed by a 1,3-trimethylsilyl group shift to stable N-SiMe(3)-bonded CH(2)=CMeN(SiMe(3))R' ' structures. For vinylarenes, intermolecular hydroamination with n-propylamine affords the anti-Markovnikov addition product beta-phenylethylamine. In addition, hydroamination of divinylarenes provides a concise synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline structures via coupled intermolecular hydroamination/subsequent intramolecular cyclohydroamination sequences. Intermolecular hydroamination of methylenecyclopropane proceeds via highly regioselective exo-methylene C=C insertion into Ln-N bonds, followed by regioselective cyclopropane ring opening to afford the corresponding imine. For the Me(2)SiCp' '(2)Nd-catalyzed reaction of Me(3)SiCtbd1;CMe and H(2)NCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(3), DeltaH() = 17.2 (1.1) kcal mol(-)(1) and DeltaS() = -25.9 (9.7) eu, while the reaction kinetics are zero-order in [amine] and first-order in both [catalyst] and [alkyne]. For the same substrate pair, catalytic turnover frequencies under identical conditions decrease in the order Me(2)SiCp' '(2)NdCH(SiMe(3))(2) > Me(2)SiCp' '(2)SmCH(SiMe(3))(2) > Me(2)SiCp' '(2)LuCH(SiMe(3))(2) > Cp'(2)SmCH(SiMe(3))(2), in accord with documented steric requirements for the insertion of olefinic functionalities into lanthanide-alkyl and -heteroatom sigma-bonds. Kinetic and mechanistic evidence argues that the turnover-limiting step is intermolecular C=C/Ctbd1;C bond insertion into the Ln-N bond followed by rapid protonolysis of the resulting Ln-C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sang Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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