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Adams F. Merging σ-Bond Metathesis with Polymerization Catalysis: Insights into Rare-Earth Metal Complexes, End-Group Functionalization, and Application Prospects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400122. [PMID: 38831565 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with well-defined structures, synthesized through metal-catalyzed processes, and having end groups exhibiting different polarity and reactivity than the backbone, are gaining considerable attention in both scientific and industrial communities. These polymers show potential applications as fundamental building blocks and additives in the creation of innovative functional materials. Investigations are directed toward identifying the most optimal and uncomplicated synthetic approach by employing a combination of living coordination polymerization mediated by rare-earth metal complexes and C-H bond activation reaction by σ-bond metathesis. This combination directly yields catalysts with diverse functional groups from a single precursor, enabling the production of terminal-functionalized polymers without the need for sequential reactions, such as termination reactions. The utilization of this innovative methodology allows for precise control over end-group functionalities, providing a versatile approach to tailor the properties and applications of the resulting polymers. This perspective discusses the principles, challenges, and potential advancements associated with this synthetic strategy, highlighting its significance in advancing the interface of metalorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Portwich FL, Carstensen Y, Dasgupta A, Kupfer S, Wyrwa R, Görls H, Eggeling C, Dietzek B, Gräfe S, Wächtler M, Kretschmer R. A Highly Fluorescent Dinuclear Aluminium Complex with Near‐Unity Quantum Yield**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117499. [PMID: 35107199 PMCID: PMC9313782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The high natural abundance of aluminium makes the respective fluorophores attractive for various optical applications, but photoluminescence quantum yields above 0.7 have yet not been reported for solutions of aluminium complexes. In this contribution, a dinuclear aluminium(III) complex featuring enhanced photoluminescence properties is described. Its facile one‐pot synthesis originates from a readily available precursor and trimethyl aluminium. In solution, the complex exhibits an unprecedented photoluminescence quantum yield near unity (Φabsolute 1.0±0.1) and an excited‐state lifetime of 2.3 ns. In the solid state, J‐aggregation and aggregation‐caused quenching are noted, but still quantum yields of 0.6 are observed. Embedding the complex in electrospun non‐woven fabrics yields a highly fluorescent fleece possessing a quantum yield of 0.9±0.04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio L. Portwich
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Yves Carstensen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Anindita Dasgupta
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ralf Wyrwa
- INNOVENT e. V. Technologieentwicklung Jena Prüssingstraße 27 B 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Albert-Einstein-Straße 6 07745 Jena Germany
- MRC Human Immunology Unit Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford Oxford OX39DS UK
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Albert-Einstein-Straße 6 07745 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Albert-Einstein-Straße 6 07745 Jena Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Fraunhofer IOF) Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Albert-Einstein-Straße 6 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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3
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Ein stark fluoreszierender zweikerniger Aluminiumkomplex mit nahezu 100 %iger Quantenausbeute**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Earth-abundant bimetallic and multimetallic catalysts for Epoxide/CO2 ring-opening copolymerization. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Komorski S, Leszczyński MK, Justyniak I, Lewiński J. Structural diversity of ethylzinc derivatives of 3,5-substituted pyrazoles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17388-17394. [PMID: 33211038 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Equimolar reactions of Et2Zn with 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (H-pzMe2), 3,5-di-iso-propylpyrazole (H-pziPr2), 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole (H-pztBu2) and indazole (H-ind) were investigated in toluene or tetrahydrofuran (as a coordinating solvent). A series of diverse ethylzinc pyrazolates and indazolates were identified using advanced NMR spectroscopy and the single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The NMR experiments indicate that dimeric moieties of the general formula [EtZn(pz)]2 or [Et2Zn2(pz)2(THF)] are favoured in solution. Nevertheless, these types of complexes are kinetically labile and tend to undergo ligand scrambling reactions according to the Schlenk equilibrium. For example, the alkyl substituents in the pzMe2 and pziPr2 ligands do not appear to be a strong determinant of the dimeric moieties and the composition of the isolated complexes by crystallisation from the parent reaction mixture varies between spiro-type tri- and tetranuclear aggregates, [Et2Zn3(pz)4(THF)x] (x = 0 or 2) and [Et2Zn4(pz)6(THF)2], respectively. The nonstoichiometric formula of these organozinc derivatives is likely related to both the Schlenk-type equilibria and solubility of the respective moieties. In turn, the high steric demands of the 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate ligand promote the dimeric form in solution and the solid state. Interestingly, the ethylzinc indazolate complex also does not undergo a redistribution reaction and yields a dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Komorski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Hong DH, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, Murray LJ. Isolation of chloride- and hydride-bridged tri-iron and -zinc clusters in a tris(β-oxo-δ-diimine) cyclophane ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9570-9575. [PMID: 31012886 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A cyclophane ligand (H6L) bearing three β-oxo-δ-diimine arms and the corresponding tri-iron and -zinc complexes in which the metal ions are bridged by either chlorides, viz. Fe3Cl3(H3L) (1) and Zn3Cl3(H3L) (2), or hydrides, viz. Fe3H3(H3L) (3), Zn3H3(H3L) (4), were synthesized and characterized. 1 adopts a chair-shaped C3v-symmetric [Fe3(μ-Cl)3]3+ cluster wherein only one hemisphere of the ligand is metallated and the other three ketoimine sites remain protonated as evidenced by single crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational and NMR spectroscopic analyses. 3 and 4 were synthesized by substitution of the bridging chlorides in 1 and 2 using KBEt3H and are accessed with retention of the three protonated ketoimine sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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7
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Webb D, Fulton JR. Utilising an anilido-imino ligand to stabilise zinc-phosphanide complexes: reactivity and fluorescent properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8094-8105. [PMID: 31011730 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of zinc complexes bearing the anilido-imino ligand [(o-C6H4{N(C6H3iPr2)}{C(CH3) = NC6H3iPr2})] [(LDipp)ZnX] has been generated. This includes two amide derivatives, [(LDipp)Zn(N{SiMe3}2)] and [(LDipp)Zn(NH{Dipp})] and two phosphanide derivatives, [(LDipp)ZnPCy2] and [(LDipp)ZnPPh2]. The chemistry of the phosphanide complexes towards chalcogens was examined, with sulfur, selenium and tellurium oxidising the phosphorus centre of the dicylohexylphosphanide complex [(LDipp)ZnPCy2] to form [(LDipp)Zn(E)2PCy2] (E = S, Se, Te). Addition of tellurium to the diphenylphosphanide complex [(LDipp)ZnPPh2] results in formation of Ph2PPPh2 and [(LDipp)ZnTeZn(LDipp)]. The absorption and emission properties of these complexes was examined and the quantum yields are highly dependent upon the non-ancillary ligand X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Webb
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
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8
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Zhang P, Zhao M, Pang W, Chen C. Lewis acid/base modulation in β-diiminate zinc-catalyzed switchable ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Miyagawa M, Akiyama T. Tishchenko Reaction Using Substoichiometric Amount of Metallic Zinc. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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10
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Jędrzkiewicz D, Adamus G, Kwiecień M, John Ł, Ejfler J. Lactide as the Playmaker of the ROP Game: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Initiated by Aminonaphtholate Zinc Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1349-1365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Jędrzkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Science, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Kwiecień
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Science, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Ejfler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Beesam R, Nareddula DR. Pd and Ni complexes of a novel vinylidene β-diketimine ligand: Their application as catalysts in Heck coupling and alkyne trimerization. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Beesam
- Department of Chemistry; Pondicherry University; Pondicherry 605 014 India
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12
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Abbina S, Chidara VK, Bian S, Ugrinov A, Du G. Synthesis of ChiralC2-Symmetric Bimetallic Zinc Complexes of Amido-Oxazolinates and Their Application in Copolymerization of CO2and Cyclohexene Oxide. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Abbina
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Vamshi K. Chidara
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Shi Bian
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; North Dakota State University; 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
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13
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Chiu HC, Pearce AJ, Dunn PL, Cramer CJ, Tonks IA. β-Oxo-δ-diimine Nickel Complexes: A Comparison of Tautomeric Active Species in Ethylene Polymerization Catalysis. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chun Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter L. Dunn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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14
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Balasanthiran V, Chisholm MH, Choojun K, Durr CB, Wambua PM. TMPZnN(SiMe3)2, [TMPZn(μ-O Pr)]2 and TMPZn[OCMe2C(O)OEt]. Their role in the ring-opening of rac-lactide and ε-caprolactone where TMP = 1,5,9-trimesityldipyrromethene. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Kulkarni NV, Das A, Ridlen SG, Maxfield E, Adiraju VAK, Yousufuddin M, Dias HVR. Fluorinated triazapentadienyl ligand supported ethyl zinc(ii) complexes: reaction with dioxygen and catalytic applications in the Tishchenko reaction. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4896-906. [PMID: 26875862 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl zinc complexes [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(CF3)C(2,4,6-Br3C6H2)N}2]ZnEt and [N{(C3F7)C(2,6-Cl2C6H3)N}2]ZnEt have been synthesized from the corresponding 1,3,5-triazapentadiene and diethyl zinc. X-ray data show that [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]ZnEt has a distorted trigonal planar geometry at the zinc center. The triazapentadienyl ligand binds to zinc in a κ(2)-mode. The zinc-ethyl bonds of [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(CF3)C(2,4,6-Br3C6H2)N}2]ZnEt and [N{(C3F7)C(2,6-Cl2C6H3)N}2]ZnEt readily undergo oxygen insertion upon exposure to dry air to produce the corresponding zinc-ethoxy or zinc-ethylperoxy compounds. The ethoxy zinc adducts {[N{(CF3)C(2,4,6-Br3C6H2)N}2]ZnOEt}2 and {[N{(C3F7)C(2,6-Cl2C6H3)N}2]ZnOEt}2 as well as the ethylperoxy zinc adduct {[N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnOOEt}2 have been isolated and fully characterized by several methods including X-ray crystallography. They feature dinuclear structures with four-coordinate zinc sites and bridging-ethoxy or -ethylperoxy groups. The ethyl zinc complexes catalyze the Tishchenko reaction of benzaldehyde under solventless conditions affording benzyl benzoate. The reaction of ethyl zinc complexes with dioxygen and their catalytic behaviour in the Tishchenko reaction are affected by the electronic and steric factors of the triazapentadienyl ligand. {[N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnOOEt}2 is an excellent reagent for the epoxidation of trans-chalcone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen V Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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Trofymchuk OS, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G, Rojas RS. Synthesis and structures of N-arylcyano-β-diketiminate zinc complexes and adducts and their application in ring‐opening polymerization of l-lactide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of B(C6F5)3 molecule close to the metal center in new zinc Nacnac complexes affects the ROP of l-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra S. Trofymchuk
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica
- Facultad de Quimica
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Santiago-22
- Chile
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Rene S. Rojas
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica
- Facultad de Quimica
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Santiago-22
- Chile
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18
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Kissling S, Lehenmeier MW, Altenbuchner PT, Kronast A, Reiter M, Deglmann P, Seemann UB, Rieger B. Dinuclear zinc catalysts with unprecedented activities for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4579-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New dinuclear zinc catalysts reveal by far the highest polymerization rates for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kissling
- Technische Universität München
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - M. W. Lehenmeier
- Technische Universität München
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - P. T. Altenbuchner
- Technische Universität München
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - A. Kronast
- Technische Universität München
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - M. Reiter
- Technische Universität München
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | | | | | - B. Rieger
- Technische Universität München
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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19
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Jędrzkiewicz D, Ejfler J, Gulia N, John Ł, Szafert S. Designing ancillary ligands for heteroleptic/homoleptic zinc complex formation: synthesis, structures and application in ROP of lactides. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:13700-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of a series of new amino-phenol/naphthol ligands (L1,2-H) have been developed and their respective zinc complexes (1 and 2-Zn) have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Jędrzkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - J. Ejfler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - N. Gulia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Ł. John
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - S. Szafert
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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20
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Li S, Wang M, Liu B, Li L, Cheng J, Wu C, Liu D, Liu J, Cui D. Lutetium-methanediide-alkyl complexes: synthesis and chemistry. Chemistry 2014; 20:15493-8. [PMID: 25284379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first four-coordinate methanediide/alkyl lutetium complex (BODDI)Lu2 (CH2 SiMe3 )2 (μ2 -CHSiMe3 )(THF)2 (BODDI=ArNC(Me)CHCOCHC(Me)NAr, Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) (1) was synthesized by a thermolysis methodology through α-H abstraction from a Lu-CH2 SiMe3 group. Complex 1 reacted with equimolar 2,6-iPrC6 H3 NH2 and Ph2 C+O to give the corresponding lutetium bridging imido and oxo complexes (BODDI)Lu2 (CH2 SiMe3 )2 (μ2 -N-2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )(THF)2 (2) and (BODDI)Lu2 (CH2 SiMe3 )2 (μ2 -O)(THF)2 (3). Treatment of 3 with Ph2 C=O (4 equiv) caused a rare insertion of Lu-μ2 -O bond into theC=O group to afford a diphenylmethyl diolate complex 4. Reaction of 1 with PhN=C=O (2 equiv) led to the migration of SiMe3 to the amido nitrogen atom to give complex (BODDI)Lu2 (CH2 SiMe3 )2 -μ-{PhNC(O)CHC(O)NPh(SiMe3 )-κ(3) N,O,O}(THF) (5). Reaction of 1 withtBuN=C formed an unprecedented product (BODDI)Lu2 (CH2 SiMe3 ){μ2 -[η(2) :η(2) -tBuN=C(=CH2 )SiMe2 CHC=NtBu-κ(1) N]}(tBuN=C)2 (6) through a cascade reaction of N=C bond insertion, sequential cyclometalative γ-(sp(3) )-H activation, C=C bond formation, and rearrangement of the newly formed carbene intermediate. The possible mechanistic pathways between 1, PhN=C=O, and tBuN=C were elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (P.R. China)
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Gurnham J, Gambarotta S, Korobkov I, Jasinska-Walc L, Duchateau R. Chromium-Catalyzed CO2–Epoxide Copolymerization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gurnham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sandro Gambarotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lidia Jasinska-Walc
- Department of Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical
Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robbert Duchateau
- Department of Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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22
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Ellis WC, Jung Y, Mulzer M, Di Girolamo R, Lobkovsky EB, Coates GW. Copolymerization of CO2and meso epoxides using enantioselective β-diiminate catalysts: a route to highly isotactic polycarbonates. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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23
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Rajendran N, Reddy ND. Synthesis of a sulfonate substituted β-diketimine ligand and its complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II). Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Balasanthiran V, Chisholm MH, Choojun K, Durr CB. Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate derivatives of magnesium and zinc. The effect of chelation on the homo- and copolymerization of lactide and ε-caprolactone. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2781-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52553h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Rajendran NM, Haleel A, Reddy ND. Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide: β-Diketiminate-Supported Zn(II)OMe and Zn(II)Et Complexes as Initiators. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
| | - A. Haleel
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
| | - N. Dastagiri Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
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Flexibly Tethered Dinuclear Zinc Complexes: A Solution to the Entropy Problem in CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization Catalysis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9821-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Lehenmeier MW, Kissling S, Altenbuchner PT, Bruckmeier C, Deglmann P, Brym AK, Rieger B. Zweikernige Zinkkomplexe mit flexibler Verbindung: die Lösung des Entropieproblems der katalytischen CO2/Epoxid-Copolymerisation? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kamimura A, Matsu H, Suzukawa H, Sato E, Sumimoto M, Uno H. A Study on the Relationship between the Twisted π-Conjugate System of 1,5-Diaryl-1,5-diazapenta-1,3-dienes and Their Photophysical Properties. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hideki Matsu
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hiroyuki Suzukawa
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Eisuke Sato
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
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29
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Chisholm MH, Choojun K, Gallucci JC, Wambua PM. Chemistry of magnesium alkyls supported by 1,5,9-trimesityldipyrromethene and 2-[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amino]-4-[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]pent-2-ene. A comparative study. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21017g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Recent Developments in Catalytic Activation of Renewable Resources for Polymer Synthesis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28288-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Klaus S, Vagin SI, Lehenmeier MW, Deglmann P, Brym AK, Rieger B. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Mononuclear and Flexibly Linked Dinuclear Complexes for Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klaus
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Vagin
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Maximilian W. Lehenmeier
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | | | - Anna K. Brym
- BASF SE, GKT - B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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32
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Cokoja M, Bruckmeier C, Rieger B, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Umwandlung von Kohlendioxid mit Übergangsmetall-Homogenkatalysatoren: eine molekulare Lösung für ein globales Problem? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cokoja M, Bruckmeier C, Rieger B, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Transformation of carbon dioxide with homogeneous transition-metal catalysts: a molecular solution to a global challenge? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8510-37. [PMID: 21887758 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1182] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of methods have been developed over the years so that carbon dioxide can be used as a reactant in organic synthesis. Given the abundance of this compound, its utilization in synthetic chemistry, particularly on an industrial scale, is still at a rather low level. In the last 35 years, considerable research has been performed to find catalytic routes to transform CO(2) into carboxylic acids, esters, lactones, and polymers in an economic way. This Review presents an overview of the available homogeneous catalytic routes that use carbon dioxide as a C(1) carbon source for the synthesis of industrial products as well as fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Klaus S, Lehenmeier MW, Herdtweck E, Deglmann P, Ott AK, Rieger B. Mechanistic Insights into Heterogeneous Zinc Dicarboxylates and Theoretical Considerations for CO2–Epoxide Copolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13151-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204481w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna K. Ott
- BASF SE, GKT - B001 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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35
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Lehenmeier MW, Bruckmeier C, Klaus S, Dengler JE, Deglmann P, Ott AK, Rieger B. Differences in Reactivity of Epoxides in the Copolymerisation with Carbon Dioxide by Zinc-Based Catalysts: Propylene Oxide versus Cyclohexene Oxide. Chemistry 2011; 17:8858-69. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen HY, Peng YL, Huang TH, Sutar AK, Miller SA, Lin CC. Comparative study of lactide polymerization by zinc alkoxide complexes with a β-diketiminato ligand bearing different substituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Spannhoff K, Rojas R, Fröhlich R, Kehr G, Erker G. Reactions of Topologically Related “nacnacH-CN” and “P-nacnacH-CN” Chelate Ligand Systems with HB(C6F5)2. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200116q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Spannhoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rene Rojas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22, Chile
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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39
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Haack P, Limberg C, Ray K, Braun B, Kuhlmann U, Hildebrandt P, Herwig C. Dinuclear Copper Complexes Based on Parallel β-Diiminato Binding Sites and their Reactions with O2: Evidence for a Cu−O−Cu Entity. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:2133-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haack
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Herwig
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Chen MT, Chen CT. Structural and catalytic studies of zinc complexes containing amido-oxazolinate ligands. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12886-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10974j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Qin Y, Wang X. Carbon dioxide-based copolymers: Environmental benefits of PPC, an industrially viable catalyst. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:1164-80. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Schmidt S, Schulz S, Bläser D, Boese R, Bolte M. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of New Zinc Amidinate Complexes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1008549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Roland Boese
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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43
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Molecular structures of three coordinate zinc and cadmium complexes that feature β-diketiminato and anilido-imine ligands. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Drouin F, Oguadinma PO, Whitehorne TJJ, Prud’homme RE, Schaper F. Lactide Polymerization with Chiral β-Diketiminate Zinc Complexes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100154w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Drouin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard E.-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Paul O. Oguadinma
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard E.-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Todd J. J. Whitehorne
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard E.-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard E.-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard E.-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Reddy ND, Jana A, Roesky HW, Samuel PP, Schulzke C. Synthesis of phosphine substituted β-diketiminate based isomeric Ge(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2010:234-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b915403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stanford MJ, Dove AP. Stereocontrolled ring-opening polymerisation of lactide. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:486-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b815104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Schulz S, Eisenmann T, Bläser D, Boese R. Synthesis and Characterization ofβ-Diketiminate Zinc Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200801382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schulz S, Eisenmann T, Westphal U, Schmidt S, Flörke U. Synthesis and Characterization ofβ-Diketiminate Zinc Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Lesikar LA, Gushwa AF, Richards AF. Synthesis, characterization, and steric hindrance comparisons of selected transition and main group metal β-ketoiminato complexes. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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