1
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Escomel L, Martins FF, Vendier L, Coffinet A, Queyriaux N, Krewald V, Simonneau A. Coordination of Al(C 6F 5) 3 vs. B(C 6F 5) 3 on group 6 end-on dinitrogen complexes: chemical and structural divergences. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11321-11336. [PMID: 39055009 PMCID: PMC11268509 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordination of the Lewis superacid tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane (AlCF) to phosphine-supported, group 6 bis(dinitrogen) complexes [ML2(N2)2] is explored, with M = Cr, Mo or W and L = dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), depe (1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), dmpe (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) or 2 × PMe2Ph. Akin to tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), AlCF can form 1 : 1 adducts by coordination to one distal nitrogen of general formula trans-[ML2(N2){(μ-η1:η1-N2)Al(C6F5)3}]. The boron and aluminium adducts are structurally similar, showing a comparable level of N2 push-pull activation. A notable exception is a bent (BCF adducts) vs. linear (AlCF adducts) M-N-N-LA motif (LA = Lewis acid), explained computationally as the result of steric repulsion. A striking difference arose when the formation of two-fold adducts was conducted. While in the case of BCF the 2 : 1 Lewis pairs could be observed in equilibrium with the 1 : 1 adduct and free borane but resisted isolation, AlCF forms robust 2 : 1 adducts trans-[ML2{(μ-η1:η1-N2)Al(C6F5)3}2] that isomerise into a more stable cis configuration. These compounds could be isolated and structurally characterized, and represent the first examples of trinuclear heterometallic complexes formed by Lewis acid-base interaction exhibiting p and d elements. Calculations also demonstrate that from the bare complex to the two-fold aluminium adduct, substantial decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap is observed, and, unlike the trans adducts (1 : 1 and 1 : 2) for which the HOMO was computed to be a pure d orbital, the one of the cis-trinuclear compounds mixes a d orbital with a π* one of each N2 ligands. This may translate into a more favourable electrophilic attack on the N2 ligands instead of the metal centre, while a stabilized N2-centered LUMO should ease electron transfer, suggesting Lewis acids could be co-activators for electro-catalysed N2 reduction. Experimental UV-vis spectra for the tungsten family of compounds were compared with TD-DFT calculations (CAM-B3LYP/def2-TZVP), allowing to assign the low extinction bands found in the visible spectrum to unusual low-lying MLCT involving N2-centered orbitals. As significant red-shifts are observed upon LA coordination, this could have important implications for the development of visible light-driven nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Frederico F Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 6 4287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Anaïs Coffinet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Nicolas Queyriaux
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 6 4287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Selectivity in Adduct Formation of a Bidentate Boron Lewis Acid. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400081. [PMID: 38421238 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A bidentate boron Lewis acid based on 1,8-diethynylanthracene has been studied in detail with respect to its adduct formation with diamines and diphosphanes of different linker lengths between the donor functions. A clear correlation between the linker length of the bifunctional base and the formation of 1 : 1 adducts, 1 : 2 adducts or oligomers was found. The adducts were characterized in solution by NMR titration experiments and structurally by X-ray diffraction. In addition, adduct formation and competition experiments of the host system with ZR3 (Z=N, P; R=H, Me) demonstrated the generally higher stability of alkylphosphane adducts compared to alkylamine adducts with boron functions. The results provide a general insight into the adduct formation of bidentate Lewis acids with guests of different sizes as well as the differences in stability between borane-amine and borane-phosphane adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Aders N, Trapp PC, Lamm JH, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Hydroalumination of 1,8-Diethynylanthracenes–Al-based Bis-Lewis-Acids and their Isomerization and Complexation Behavior. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Aders
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Pia Charlotte Trapp
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - J. Louis Beckmann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
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Aders N, Lamm JH, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Synthesis of bi- and tetradentate poly-Lewis acids by hydroalumination of poly-alkynyl-anthracene derivatives. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12943-12953. [PMID: 35950507 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-dimers of 1,5-diethynylanthracene and 1,5-bis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]anthracene, obtained by UV radiation of the monomers, were treated with the bulky aluminium hydride [(SiMe3)2HC]2AlH in hydroalumination reactions. Hydroalumination of the tetraethynyl-substituted anthracene photo-dimers (syn and anti) led to fourfold aluminium-functionalized Janus-like products with two aluminium functions on each side oriented towards the same direction. The reactions of the monomeric anthracene derivatives with [(SiMe3)2HC]2AlH afforded semi-flexible bidentate Lewis acids, which are interesting building blocks for molecular chains bearing multiple Lewis-acidic functions. The aluminium-functionalized anti-photo-dimer was treated with various donor molecules to gain insight into its host-guest chemistry. All poly-Lewis acids and their adducts were characterized by X-ray diffraction experiments, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and by elemental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Aders
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - J Louis Beckmann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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5
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Rudlof J, Glodde T, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Synthesis of Bifunctional Boron‐Lewis Acids – Thorough Investigation of the Adduct Formation with Pyrimidine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rudlof
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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6
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Schäfer F, Mix A, Cati N, Lamm JH, Neumann B, Stammler G, Mitzel NW. Host guest chemistry of a bidentate silyl-triflate bis-Lewis-acid – complex complexation behaviour unravelled by diffusion NMR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7164-7173. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bidentate silicon-based Lewis acid, bis(dimethyl-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)silylethyl)dimethylsilane, Me2Si[(CH2)2SiMe2-OTf]2, was prepared by a two-step synthesis starting from dimethyldivinylsilane by hydrosilylation with dimethylchlorosilane and subsequent Lewis acidity enhancement of the terminal silicon atoms...
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7
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Rudlof J, Aders N, Lamm JH, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Bidentate Lewis Acids Derived from o-Diethynylbenzene with Group 13 and 14 Functions. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1020-1027. [PMID: 34637192 PMCID: PMC8507440 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from 1,2-diethynylbenzene, a series of bidentate Lewis acids was prepared by means of hydrometalations, in particular hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydroalumination and terminal metalation based on group 13 and 14 elements. In the case of terminal alkyne metalation, the Lewis-acidic gallium function was introduced using triethylgallium under alkane elimination. A total of six different Lewis acids based on a semiflexible organic scaffold were prepared, bearing -SiClMe2 , -SiCl2 Me, -SiCl3 , -B(C6 F5 )2 , -AlBis2 (Bis=bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl) and -GaEt2 as the corresponding functional units. In all cases, the Lewis acid functionalisation was carried out twice and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. In the case of the twofold gallium Lewis acid, a different structural motif in the form of a polymer-like chain was observed in the solid state. All new bidentate Lewis acids were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis and X-ray diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rudlof
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center of Molecular Materials CM2, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Aders
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center of Molecular Materials CM2, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center of Molecular Materials CM2, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center of Molecular Materials CM2, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center of Molecular Materials CM2, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center of Molecular Materials CM2, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Woltornist RA, Collum DB. Aggregation and Solvation of Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Across the Solvent Spectrum. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2406-2422. [PMID: 33471993 PMCID: PMC8011853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report solution structures of sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) solvated by >30 standard solvents (ligands). These include: toluene, benzene, and styrene; triethylamine and related trialkylamines; pyrrolidine as a representative dialkylamine; dialkylethers including THF, tert-butylmethyl ether, and diethyl ether; dipolar ligands such as DMF, HMPA, DMSO, and DMPU; a bifunctional dipolar ligand nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide (NIPA); polyamines N,N,N',N'-tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine (TMCDA), and 2,2'-bipyridine; polyethers 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and diglyme; 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane ([2.2.2] cryptand); and tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine (TDA-1). Combinations of 1H, 13C, 15N, and 29Si NMR spectroscopies, the method of continuous variations, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) computations reveal ligand-modulated aggregation to give mixtures of dimers, monomers, triple ions, and ion pairs. 15N-29Si coupling constants distinguish dimers and monomers. Solvation numbers are determined by a combination of solvent titrations, observed free and bound solvent in the slow exchange limit, and DFT computations. The relative abilities of solvents to compete in binary mixtures often match that predicted by conventional wisdom but with some exceptions and evidence of both competitive and cooperative (mixed) solvation. Crystal structures of a NaHMDS cryptate ion pair and a 15-crown-5-solvated monomer are included. Results are compared with those for lithium hexamethyldisilazide, lithium diisopropylamide, and sodium diisopropylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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9
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Niermeier P, Blomeyer S, Bejaoui YKJ, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Bidentate Boron Lewis Acids: Selectivity in Host-Guest Complex Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1965-1969. [PMID: 30576056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bidentate boron Lewis acids based on 1,8-diethynylanthracene were synthesised in two steps by initial stannylation of the terminal alkynes and subsequent tin-boron exchange with different chloroboranes. The reactions were very selective, and the target compounds were obtained in high purity and good to excellent yields. Complexation experiments of 1,8-bis[(diphenylboranyl)ethynyl]anthracene with nitrogen bases (pyridine, pyrimidine, TMEDA) afforded three stable adducts, which were structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction. Competition experiments demonstrated the selective exchange of guests, and quantum-chemical calculations provided information on their energetics. NMR experiments at low temperature gave insight into the dynamic behaviour of the TMEDA adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niermeier
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Younes K J Bejaoui
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J Louis Beckmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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10
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Niermeier P, Blomeyer S, Bejaoui YKJ, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Zweizähnige Bor-Lewis-Säuren und ihre Selektivität in der Wirt-Gast-Komplexbildung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niermeier
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Younes K. J. Bejaoui
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - J. Louis Beckmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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11
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Tomaschautzky J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis-acids based on triphenylsilane. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1645-1659. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylsilanes are versatile propeller-shaped building blocks and have been used for the syntheses of several novel poly-Lewis-acids. The first solid-state structure of a bisma-silatriptycene as well as investigations in host–guest chemistry of a triple alane with a threefold amine are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Tomaschautzky
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Andreas Mix
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
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Weisheim E, Bücker L, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis acids with phenyl substituted 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane backbones. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:198-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane scaffold with axially orientated ethynyl groups provides opportunities to create new tridentate Lewis acids. Some examples of these Lewis acids have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Weisheim
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Lisa Bücker
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
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13
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Molecular complexes of group 13 element trihalides, pentafluorophenyl derivatives and Lewis superacids. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Klöcker H, Roters S, Hepp A, Uhl W. Alkynyl functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pairs – aluminium alkynide elimination and evidence for the formation of 3H-phosphaallenes [R-PCC(H)-tBu]. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12670-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroalumination of dialkynylphosphines by H-Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2afforded alkenyl–alkynyl phosphines which eliminate dialkylaluminium alkynides spontaneously to form phosphaallenes, aryl-PCC(H)-tBu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Klöcker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Steffi Roters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
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Lamm JH, Horstmann J, Nissen JH, Weddeling JH, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Poly-Boron, -Silicon, and -Gallium Lewis Acids by Hydrometallation of 1,5- and 1,8-Dialkynylanthracenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Muñoz-Castro A. Application of a planar superatom model on [Hg5(C(CF3)2)]. Bonding and magnetic response considerations into a five-fold d10–d10 metal cycle. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7578-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Uhl W, Rösener C, Layh M, Hepp A. Treatment of a Methylene-Bridged Dialuminium Compound with Lithium Alkanides and Alkynides - Single vs. Twofold Terminal Coordination. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Uhl W, Heller D, Kösters J, Würthwein EU, Ghavtadze N. Hydroalumination of Bis(alkynyl)silanes: Generation of Chelating Lewis Acids, Their Application in the Coordination of Chloride Ions and a 1,1-Carbalumination Reaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Uhl W, Heller D, Rohling M, Kösters J. Hydroalumination of bis(alkynyl)germanes and -silanes: Generation of a chelating Lewis-acid and observation of a dismutation reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fleischman SD, Scott SL. Evidence for the Pairwise Disposition of Grafting Sites on Highly Dehydroxylated Silicas via Their Reactions with Ga(CH3)3. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4847-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja108905p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Fleischman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States ,
| | - Susannah L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States ,
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
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Zhao H, Gabbaï FP. A bidentate Lewis acid with a telluronium ion as an anion-binding site. Nat Chem 2010; 2:984-90. [PMID: 20966957 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The search for receptors that can selectively capture small and potentially toxic anions in protic media has sparked a renewed interest in the synthesis and anion-binding properties of polydentate Lewis acids. Seeking new paradigms to enhance the anion affinities of such systems, we synthesized a bidentate Lewis acid that contains a boryl and a telluronium moiety as Lewis acidic sites. Anion-complexation studies indicate that this telluronium borane displays a high affinity for fluoride in methanol. Structural and computational studies show that the unusual fluoride affinity of this bidentate telluronium borane can be correlated with the formation of a B-F → Te chelate motif supported by a strong lone-pair(F) → σ*(Te-C) donor-acceptor interaction. These results, which illustrate the viability of heavier chalcogenium centres as anion-binding sites, allow us to introduce a novel strategy for the design of polydentate Lewis acids with enhanced anion affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA
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Chmiel J, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Dialkylaluminium‐, ‐Gallium‐, and ‐Indium‐Based Poly‐Lewis Acids with a 1,8‐Diethynylanthracene Backbone. Chemistry 2010; 16:11906-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Chmiel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Beate Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
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Chmiel J, Heesemann I, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. The Effect of Bulky Substituents on the Formation of Symmetrically Trisubstituted Triptycenes. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Muñoz-Castro A, MacLeod Carey D, Arratia-Pérez R. Calculated Molecular Properties of Triangular Tribenzo and Perfluoro-Tribenzo Trimercuronin Macrocycles. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:666-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908493r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Desmond MacLeod Carey
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
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Kim Y, Hudnall TW, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D, Gabbaï FP. Azide ion recognition in water–CHCl3 using a chelating phosphonium borane as a receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3729-31. [DOI: 10.1039/b905232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gerber LCH, Le Roux E, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Elusive trimethyllanthanum: snapshots of extensive methyl group degradation in la--Al heterobimetallic complexes. Chemistry 2008; 14:9555-64. [PMID: 18785663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [La(AlMe4)3] and [Y(AlMe4)3] with PMe3 show that the phosphine can cleave Ln--CH3--Al linkages, separating Me3Al(PMe3). PMe3 (3 mol equiv) reacts with [Y(AlMe4)3] to give [(YMe3)n] contaminated with by-products containing phosphorus and aluminum. The La-based analog, [(LaMe3)n], is not formed selectively from the reaction of [La(AlMe4)3] with PMe3 or Et2O, which rather yields insoluble La/Al heterobimetallic products. Three multi-nuclear La-based clusters were obtained from a reaction of [La(AlMe4)3] with PMe3 (1 equiv) and identified by X-ray structure analyses. Each cluster exhibits extensive methyl group degradation and contains methylene, methine, or carbide moieties. [La4Al8(CH)4(CH2)2(CH3)20(PMe3)] has a [La4(CH)4] cuboid core supported by AlMe3, Me2AlCH2AlMe2, and PMe3 ligands. [La4Al8(C)(CH)2(CH2)2(CH3)22(toluene)] also contains a cuboid core, [La3Al(C)(CH)2(CH2)], which includes one exo cubic lanthanum atom, and is supported by AlMe3, Me3AlCH2AlMe2, (AlMe4)-, and toluene ligands. The lanthanum atoms in [La5Al9(CH)6(CH3)30] are arranged in a trigonal bipyramidal fashion with (CH) functionalities capping each face. The [La5(CH)6]3- core is formally balanced by three AlMe2 + moieties and is additionally supported by six AlMe3 ligands. The unit cell contains two independent La5 clusters, one with pseudo-C3h and the other with pseudo-D3 symmetry, as well as two molecules of the separation co-product Me3Al(PMe3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C H Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen (Norway)
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Uhl W, Er E, Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Monomereversusdimere Dialkylaluminiumalkinide R2Al-C≡C-R′ - dreifach koordinierte Aluminiumatome gebunden an C≡C-Dreifachbindungen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Uhl W, Er E, Hepp A, Kösters J, Grunenberg J. Reactions of Terminal Alkynes with a Bulky Dialkylaluminum Hydride: Hydroalumination versus Deprotonation. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elif Er
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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30
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Uhl W, Claesener M, Hepp A. A Carbon-Bridged Digallium Compound as a Chelating Lewis Acid: Complexation of Thiophenolate and Benzoate Anions by H5C6−CH2−C(SiMe3)[Ga(CH2tBu)2]2. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800068s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganizche and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Claesener
- Institut für Anorganizche and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganizche and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Claesener M. Twofold Hydrogallation of C⋮C Triple Bonds by H−GaCl2Synthesis of Chelating Lewis Acids and Their Application in Adduct Formation. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:729-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701928s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Claesener
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Vinogradov A, Grimme S. C−H Bond Activation by Hyperconjugation with Al−C Bonds and by Chelating Coordination of the Hydride Ion. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11259-64. [PMID: 17705491 DOI: 10.1021/ja073657u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On treating di(tert-butyl)butadiyne with dimethylaluminum hydride under different reaction conditions two unprecedented organoelement compounds, containing cationic carbon atoms stable in solution at room temperature, were obtained. A vinyl cation (2) in which the cationic carbon atom is part of a C=C double bond was produced from 3 equiv of the hydride, whereas a large excess of the hydride yielded an aliphatic carbocation (3) by complete hydroalumination of all C-C multiple bonds. Each compound is zwitterionic with the hydride counterion effectively coordinated in a chelating manner by two strongly Lewis acidic aluminum atoms. In agreement with quantum-chemical calculations the C-H bond activation and the stabilization of the cationic species are further supported by a strong hyperconjugation with Al-C single bonds. This considerably diminishes the effective positive charge at the respective cationic carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Uhl W, Bock HR, Breher F, Claesener M, Haddadpour S, Jasper B, Hepp A. Hydrogallation of Trimethylsilylethynylbenzenes: Generation of Potential Di- and Tripodal Chelating Lewis Acids. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om061118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Henrik R. Bock
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Claesener
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sima Haddadpour
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Beate Jasper
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Claesener M, Haddadpour S, Jasper B, Hepp A. The reactions of dialkylgallium hydrides with tert-butylethynylbenzenes—a systematic investigation into the course of hydrogallation reactions. Dalton Trans 2007:417-23. [PMID: 17213926 DOI: 10.1039/b614003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of bis- and tris(tert-butylethynyl)benzenes with dialkylgallium hydrides afforded two different types of products. 1,4-Di(tert-butylethynyl)benzene and dialkylgallium hydrides R(2)GaH bearing relatively small substituents (R = Et, nPr) gave the expected addition products with each C triple bond C triple bond inserted into a Ga-H bond. The intact GaR(2) groups are attached to those carbon atoms which are in alpha-position to the benzene rings, and intermolecular Ga-C interactions led to the formation of one-dimensional coordination polymers. In contrast secondary reactions with the release of the corresponding trialkylgallium derivatives GaR(3) (R = Et, nPr, iPr, CH(2)tBu, tBu) were observed for all hydrogallation reactions involving the trisalkyne 1,3,5-tris(tert-butylethynyl)benzene. A similar reaction was observed upon treatment of the 1,4-bisalkyne with a dialkylgallium hydride bearing a relatively bulky substituent (R = neopentyl). Cyclophane type molecules are formed in all these cases with two or three gallium atoms in the bridging positions between both benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Uhl W, Er E, Matar M. Sterically encumbered lithium dialkynidoalanates Li[R2Al([sbnd]C[tbnd]C[sbnd]R')2] [R = CH(SiMe3)2]. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220600833414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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An investigation of catalyst/cocatalyst/support interactions in silica-supported olefin polymerization catalysts based on Cp*TiMe3*. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-3804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Uhl W, Matar M. Hydroaluminierungsreaktionen mit dem sperrigen Dialkylaluminiumhydrid [(Me3Si)2HC]2Al-H - Unterdr�ckung von Folgereaktionen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200400493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Roger M, Arliguie T, Thuéry P, Fourmigué M, Ephritikhine M. Tris(dithiolene) Complexes of Neodymium and Cerium: Mononuclear Species, Chains, and Honeycomb Networks. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:584-93. [PMID: 15679388 DOI: 10.1021/ic049055i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Ln(BH4)3(THF)3 (Ln = Nd, Ce) and M2dddt (M = Na, K; dddt = 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiine-2,3-dithiolate) in THF or pyridine gave, after addition of 18c6 (18-crown-6), several crystalline compounds which all contain the tris(dithiolene) Ln(dddt)3 unit. Crystals of [Na(18c6)(py)2]2[Na(18c6)(py)][Nd(dddt)3(py)].3py (1.3py) are built up from discrete mononuclear cationic and anionic species whereas crystals of {[Na(18c6)(py)2](0.5)[Na(18c6)(py)(1.5)][Na(1.5)Nd(dddt)3]}(infinity) (2) are composed of discrete [Na(18c6)(py)x]+ cations and polymeric anionic two-dimensional layers in which the Nd(dddt)3 units are linked to three neighbors by sodium atoms to form a honeycomb network. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the molar magnetic susceptibility of 2 shows that chiMT decreases from 1.63 cm3 K mol(-1) at 300 K down to 0.6 cm3 K mol(-1) at 5 K, due to the crystal-field splitting of the (4)I(9/2) free-ion state. Complexes {[Na3(18c6)(1.5)Nd(dddt)3(THF)].3THF}(infinity) (3.3THF) and {[K3(18c6)(1.5)Nd(dddt)3(py)].3py}(infinity) (4.3py) exhibit neutral polymeric layers with the Nd(dddt)3 units linked by M2(18c6) fragments. In the cerium compound {[Na2(18c6)Na(py)2Ce(dddt)3(py)].3py}(infinity) (5.3py), each Ce(dddt)3 unit is linked to two neighbors only by Na2(18c6) moieties, giving infinite zigzag chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Roger
- Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Fischer R, Görls H, Walther D. Polymetallated 4-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene Complexes of Sodium and Potassium Stabilized by Crown Ethers: Syntheses, Structures and Activation of Carbon Dioxide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ooi T, Takahashi M, Yamada M, Tayama E, Omoto K, Maruoka K. (2,7-Disubstituted-1,8-biphenylenedioxy)bis(dimethylaluminum) as Bidentate Organoaluminum Lewis Acids: Elucidation and Synthetic Utility of the Double Electrophilic Activation Phenomenon. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1150-60. [PMID: 14746484 DOI: 10.1021/ja030552s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of (2,7-disubstituted-1,8-biphenylenedioxy)bis(dimethylaluminum) (2) has been readily prepared in situ by treatment of the requisite 2,7-disubstituted-1,8-biphenylenediol (1) with Me3Al (2 equiv) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature; this primarily relies on the successful establishment of a new synthetic procedure of 1 starting from inexpensive m-anisidine. Evaluation of 2 as a bidentate organoaluminum Lewis acid has been performed by the reduction of ketonic substrates using Bu3SnH as a hydride source in comparison to the conventional monodentate Lewis acid dimethylaluminum 2,6-xylenoxide (11), uncovering the significantly high activation ability of 2 toward carbonyl. Particularly, (2,7-dimethyl-1,8-biphenylenedioxy)bis(dimethylaluminum) (2a) exerted the highest reactivity, which has also been emphasized in the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The structure of the bidentate Lewis acid 2 was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 2g possessing a bulky 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl substituent, revealing the rigid dimeric assembly in the solid state. The double electrophilic activation of carbonyl substrate by 2a has been supported by low-temperature 13C NMR analysis as well as theoretical study using the Gaussian 98 program. Moreover, unique stereoselectivity has been observed in the 2a-promoted Mukaiyama Michael addition, and highly chemoselective functionalization of carbonyl compounds in the presence of their acetal counterparts has been realized using 2a. Finally, the effectiveness of 2a for the activation of ether functionality has been demonstrated in the Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Uhl W, Matar M. Syntheses of polyaluminium compounds by hydroalumination reactions, chelating Lewis acids possessing two and four coordinatively unsaturated aluminium atoms. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Linton DJ, Schooler P, Wheatley AE. Group 12 and heavier Group 13 alkali metal 'ate complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(01)00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Uhl W, Molter J, Neumüller B. Synthesis of aluminum hydrazides by hydroalumination of 2,3-diazabutadienes--formation of an Al4(N2)3 cage compound and an Al3(N2)3 macrocyclic ligand. Chemistry 2001; 7:1510-5. [PMID: 11330906 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010401)7:7<1510::aid-chem1510>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2,3-diazabutadiene with the alane adduct [AlH3(NMe2Et)] yielded the hydrazine derivative (AlH2)2-(AlH)2(N2iPr2)3 (1) by the hydroalumination of both C N double bonds. Compound 1 has a complicated cage structure formed by three hydrazido groups and four aluminium atoms. As a particularly interesting structural motif it contains a N-N group side-on-coordinated to one aluminium atom through its lone pairs of electrons. Sublimation of 1 gave a heterocubane-type compound (HAlNiPr)4 (2) by the complete cleavage of all N-N bonds, one face of which is bridged by weakly coordinated diisopropyldiazene with a N-N double bond. Repeated sublimation gave the pure, unsupported heterocubane molecule 3. Heating of the rough product of the reaction of alane and diazabutadiene to 90 degrees C in a closed vessel yielded another product Al(AlH2)3(N2iPr2)3 (4), which contains a cyclic chelating ligand formed by three hydrazido groups and three aluminium atoms. This heterocycle coordinates a fourth aluminum atom in the molecular center by close contacts to all six nitrogen atoms. A strongly flattened, distorted octahedral coordination sphere results for the inner metal atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Uhl
- Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany.
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The hydroalumination of diethynes with di(tert-butyl)aluminium hydride: a facile method for the synthesis of organometallic dialuminium compounds. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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