1
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Singh D, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, García-Serres R, Maurel V, Mouesca JM, Murray LJ. Partial Deoxygenative CO Homocoupling by a Diiron Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308813. [PMID: 37594782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
One route to address climate change is converting carbon dioxide to synthetic carbon-neutral fuels. Whereas carbon dioxide to CO conversion has precedent in homo- and heterogeneous catalysis, deoxygenative coupling of CO to products with C-C bonds-as in liquid fuels-remains challenging. Here, we report coupling of two CO molecules by a diiron complex. Reduction of Fe2 (CO)2 L (2), where L2- is a bis(β-diketiminate) cyclophane, gives [K(THF)5 ][Fe2 (CO)2 L] (3), which undergoes silylation to Fe2 (CO)(COSiMe3 )L (4). Subsequent C-OSiMe3 bond cleavage and C=C bond formation occurs upon reduction of 4, yielding Fe2 (μ-CCO)L. CO derived ligands in this series mediate weak exchange interactions with the ketenylidene affording the smallest J value, with changes to local metal ion spin states and coupling schemes (ferro- vs. antiferromagnetism) based on DFT calculations, Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopy. Finally, reaction of 5 with KEt3 BH or methanol releases the C2 O2- ligand with retention of the diiron core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Singh
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ricardo García-Serres
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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2
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Liang H, Beweries T, Francke R, Beller M. Molecular Catalysts for the Reductive Homocoupling of CO
2
towards C
2+
Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200723. [PMID: 35187799 PMCID: PMC9311439 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into multicarbon (C2+) compounds by reductive homocoupling offers the possibility to transform renewable energy into chemical energy carriers and thereby create “carbon‐neutral” fuels or other valuable products. Most available studies have employed heterogeneous metallic catalysts, but the use of molecular catalysts is still underexplored. However, several studies have already demonstrated the great potential of the molecular approach, namely, the possibility to gain a deep mechanistic understanding and a more precise control of the product selectivity. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in both the thermo‐ and electrochemical reductive homocoupling of CO2 toward C2+ products mediated by molecular catalysts. In addition, reductive CO homocoupling is discussed as a model for the further conversion of intermediates obtained from CO2 reduction, which may serve as a source of inspiration for developing novel molecular catalysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Qing Liang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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3
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Marx M, Frauendorf H, Spannenberg A, Neumann H, Beller M. Revisiting Reduction of CO 2 to Oxalate with First-Row Transition Metals: Irreproducibility, Ambiguous Analysis, and Conflicting Reactivity. JACS AU 2022; 2:731-744. [PMID: 35373201 PMCID: PMC8970009 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Construction of higher C≥2 compounds from CO2 constitutes an attractive transformation inspired by nature's strategy to build carbohydrates. However, controlled C-C bond formation from carbon dioxide using environmentally benign reductants remains a major challenge. In this respect, reductive dimerization of CO2 to oxalate represents an important model reaction enabling investigations on the mechanism of this simplest CO2 coupling reaction. Herein, we present common pitfalls encountered in CO2 reduction, especially its reductive coupling, based on established protocols for the conversion of CO2 into oxalate. Moreover, we provide an example to systematically assess these reactions. Based on our work, we highlight the importance of utilizing suitable orthogonal analytical methods and raise awareness of oxidative reactions that can likewise result in the formation of oxalate without incorporation of CO2. These results allow for the determination of key parameters, which can be used for tailoring of prospective catalytic systems and will promote the advancement of the entire field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Marx
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Liang H, Beweries T, Francke R, Beller M. Molecular Catalysts for the Reductive Homocoupling of CO
2
towards C
2+
Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Qing Liang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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5
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Gautam M, Tanaka S, Sekiguchi A, Nakajima Y. Long-Range Metal–Ligand Cooperation by Iron Hydride Complexes Bearing a Phenanthroline-Based Tetradentate PNNP Ligand. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gautam
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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6
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Khamespanah F, Marx M, Crochet DB, Pokharel UR, Fronczek FR, Maverick AW, Beller M. Oxalate production via oxidation of ascorbate rather than reduction of carbon dioxide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1997. [PMID: 33767134 PMCID: PMC7994792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Marx
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - David B Crochet
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Uttam R Pokharel
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Andrew W Maverick
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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7
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Brief survey of diiron and monoiron carbonyl complexes and their potentials as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Adamson TT, Kelley SP, Bernskoetter WH. Iron-Mediated C–C Bond Formation via Reductive Coupling with Carbon Dioxide. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan T. Adamson
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Wesley H. Bernskoetter
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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9
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Valdez-Moreira JA, Thorarinsdottir AE, DeGayner JA, Lutz SA, Chen CH, Losovyj Y, Pink M, Harris TD, Smith JM. Strong π-Backbonding Enables Record Magnetic Exchange Coupling Through Cyanide. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17092-17097. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Valdez-Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Jordan A. DeGayner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sean A. Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yaroslav Losovyj
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - T. David Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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10
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Knaak T, Gopakumar TG, Schwager B, Tuczek F, Robles R, Lorente N, Berndt R. Surface cis Effect: Influence of an Axial Ligand on Molecular Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7544-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knaak
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Schwager
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Roberto Robles
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lorente
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Reed DA, Xiao DJ, Gonzalez MI, Darago LE, Herm ZR, Grandjean F, Long JR. Reversible CO Scavenging via Adsorbate-Dependent Spin State Transitions in an Iron(II)–Triazolate Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5594-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernande Grandjean
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Kaźmierska A, Gryl M, Stadnicka K, Eilmes J. New tetraaza[14]annulene receptors derived from 2,3-diaminonaphthalene: synthesis and crystal structures. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.766736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kaźmierska
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
| | - Marlena Gryl
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnicka
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
| | - Julita Eilmes
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
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13
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Marquard SL, Bezpalko MW, Foxman BM, Thomas CM. Stoichiometric C═O Bond Oxidative Addition of Benzophenone by a Discrete Radical Intermediate To Form a Cobalt(I) Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6018-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4022683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts
02454, United States
| | - Mark W. Bezpalko
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts
02454, United States
| | - Bruce M. Foxman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts
02454, United States
| | - Christine M. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts
02454, United States
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14
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Saouma CT, Lu CC, Day MW, Peters JC. CO2 reduction by Fe(i): solvent control of C–O cleavage versus C–C coupling. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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15
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16
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Benito-Garagorri D, Lagoja I, Veiros LF, Kirchner KA. Reactivity of coordinatively unsaturated iron complexes towards carbon monoxide: to bind or not to bind? Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4778-92. [PMID: 21380474 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the reactivity of coordinatively unsaturated iron complexes (in most cases Fe(II)) towards carbon monoxide is presented. Unsaturated iron complexes are known with coordination numbers (CN) of two to five adopting linear or slightly bent (CN = 2), trigonal (CN = 3), tetrahedral, square planar or trigonal pyramidal (CN = 4), and square-pyramidal or trigonal-bipyramidal geometries (CN = 5), respectively. The binding of CO depends strongly on the number and the nature of co-ligands (overall ligand field strength), the charge of the complex, the complex geometry, and the spin state of the unsaturated metal center. In many cases, CO addition to high-spin iron complexes takes place with concomitant spin state changes forming compounds in the lowest possible spin state, i.e., with S = 0. In several other cases, however, the addition of CO is reversible or is even totally rejected altogether for either thermodynamic or kinetic reasons. In the case of the latter such reactions are termed "spin-blocked" or "spin forbidden".
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Affiliation(s)
- David Benito-Garagorri
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Sculfort S, Welter R, Braunstein P. Heterometallic Chains and Clusters with Gold-Transition Metal Bonds: Synthesis and Interconversion. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2372-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902245v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Rangheard C, de Julián Fernández C, Phua PH, Hoorn J, Lefort L, de Vries JG. At the frontier between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis: hydrogenation of olefins and alkynes with soluble iron nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8464-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Khalaji AD, Amirnasr M, Triki S. New coordination polymer based on salpn Schiff base and azide bridging ligands: Synthesis and structural characterization of {Na[CoIII(μ-salpn)(μ1,1-N3)2]}n (H2salpn=N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane). Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Yu Y, Smith JM, Flaschenriem CJ, Holland PL. Binding affinity of alkynes and alkenes to low-coordinate iron. Inorg Chem 2007; 45:5742-51. [PMID: 16841977 DOI: 10.1021/ic052136+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, spectroscopy, and structural characterization of iron-alkyne and -alkene complexes of the type L(Me)Fe(ligand) [L(Me) = bulky beta-diketiminate, ligand = HCCPh, EtCCEt, CH2CHPh, EtCHCHEt, HCC(p-C6H4OCH3), HCC(p-C6H4CF3)]. The neutral ligand exchanges rapidly at room temperature, and the equilibrium constants have been measured or estimated. The binding affinity toward the low-coordinate Fe follows the trend HCCPh > EtCCEt > CH2CHPh > EtCHCHEt approximately PPh3 > benzene >> N2. This trend is consistent with a model in which pi back-bonding from the formally Fe(I) center is the dominant interaction in determining the relative binding affinities. In nitrogenase, alkynes are reduced while alkenes are unreactive, and this work suggests that the different binding affinities to low-coordinate Fe might explain the differential activity of the enzyme toward these two substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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21
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Maynadié, J, Berthet JC, Thuéry P, Ephritikhine M. Cyanide Metallocenes of Trivalent f-Elements. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om061131x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Maynadié,
- Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, Laboratoire Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Claude Berthet
- Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, Laboratoire Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, Laboratoire Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Ephritikhine
- Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, Laboratoire Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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22
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Semiempirical calculations on the redox potentials and electronic absorption spectrum of tetraazaannulenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: annual survey covering the year 1999. Coord Chem Rev 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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