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Dong WC, Song MY, Zheng TL, Zhang ZQ, Jiang Y, Guo JL, Zhang YZ. Development of an hollow fiber solid phase microextraction method for the analysis of unbound fraction of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 250:116405. [PMID: 39151298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of imatinib (IM) in cancer therapy offers the potential to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity. There was a significant correlation between unbound concentration and clinical response and toxicity, compared with total plasma concentrations, and the quantification of unbound IM and its metabolite, N-desmethyl imatinib (NDI) are of interest for TDM. However, traditional unbound drug separation methods have shortcomings, especially are susceptible to non-specific binding (NSB) of drugs to the polymer-constructed components of filter membranes, which are difficult to avoid at present. Hence it is necessary to developed a reliable separation method for the analysis of the unbound fraction of IM and NDI in TDM. We developed and validated an hollow fiber solid phase microextraction (HF-SPME) method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) that to measure unbound IM and NDI concentration in human plasma. It used the NSB phenomenon and solve the NSB problem. The preparation procedure only involves a common vortex and ultrasonication without dilution of samples and modification of membrane. A total of 50 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients were enrolled in our study. The relationship between the unbound and total concentrations for IM and NDI, as well as the concentration ratios of NDI to IM in 50 clinical plasma samples were investigated. The extraction recovery is high to 95.5-106 % with validation parameters for the methodological results were all excellent. There were both a poor linear relationship between the unbound and total concentrations for IM (r2=0.504) and NDI (r2=0.201) in 50 clinical plasma samples. The unbound concentration ratios of NDI to IM varied widely in CML patients. The determination of unbound IM and NDI concentration is meaningful and necessary. The developed HF-SPME method is simple, accurate and precise that could be used to measure unbound IM and NDI concentration in clinical TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chong Dong
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, China
| | - Mei-Yu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China
| | - Tian-Lun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China.
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China.
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China.
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Smeltz M, Wambaugh JF, Wetmore BA. Plasma Protein Binding Evaluations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances for Category-Based Toxicokinetic Assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:870-881. [PMID: 37184865 PMCID: PMC10506455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
New approach methodologies (NAMs) that make use of in vitro screening and in silico approaches to inform chemical evaluations rely on in vitro toxicokinetic (TK) data to translate in vitro bioactive concentrations to exposure metrics reflective of administered dose. With 1364 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) identified as of interest under Section 8 of the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and concern over the lack of knowledge regarding environmental persistence, human health, and ecological effects, the utility of NAMs to understand potential toxicities and toxicokinetics across these data-poor compounds is being evaluated. To address the TK data deficiency, 71 PFAS selected to span a wide range of functional groups and physico-chemical properties were evaluated for in vitro human plasma protein binding (PPB) by ultracentrifugation with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. For the 67 PFAS successfully evaluated by ultracentrifugation, fraction unbound in plasma (fup) ranged from less than 0.0001 (pentadecafluorooctanoyl chloride) to 0.7302 (tetrafluorosuccinic acid), with over half of the PFAS showing PPB exceeding 99.5% (fup < 0.005). Category-based evaluations revealed that perfluoroalkanoyl chlorides and perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) with 6-10 carbons were the highest bound, with similar median values for alkyl, ether, and polyether PFCAs. Interestingly, binding was lower for the PFCAs with a carbon chain length of ≥11. Lower binding also was noted for fluorotelomer carboxylic acids when compared to their carbon-equivalent perfluoroalkyl acids. Comparisons of the fup value derived using two PPB methods, ultracentrifugation or rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED), revealed RED failure for a subset of PFAS of high mass and/or predicted octanol-water partition coefficients exceeding 4 due to failure to achieve equilibrium. Bayesian modeling was used to provide uncertainty bounds around fup point estimates for incorporation into TK modeling. This PFAS PPB evaluation and grouping exercise across 67 structures greatly expand our current knowledge and will aid in PFAS NAM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marci Smeltz
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
- Current Affiliation: Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling; Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Barbara A. Wetmore
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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3
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Kreutz A, Clifton MS, Henderson WM, Smeltz MG, Phillips M, Wambaugh JF, Wetmore BA. Category-Based Toxicokinetic Evaluations of Data-Poor Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050463. [PMID: 37235277 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has increased as more is learned about their environmental presence, persistence, and bioaccumulative potential. The limited monitoring, toxicokinetic (TK), and toxicologic data available are inadequate to inform risk across this diverse domain. Here, 73 PFAS were selected for in vitro TK evaluation to expand knowledge across lesser-studied PFAS alcohols, amides, and acrylates. Targeted methods developed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to measure human plasma protein binding and hepatocyte clearance. Forty-three PFAS were successfully evaluated in plasma, with fraction unbound (fup) values ranging from 0.004 to 1. With a median fup of 0.09 (i.e., 91% bound), these PFAS are highly bound but exhibit 10-fold lower binding than legacy perfluoroalkyl acids recently evaluated. Thirty PFAS evaluated in the hepatocyte clearance assay showed abiotic loss, with many exceeding 60% loss within 60 min. Metabolic clearance was noted for 11 of the 13 that were successfully evaluated, with rates up to 49.9 μL/(min × million cells). The chemical transformation simulator revealed potential (bio)transformation products to consider. This effort provides critical information to evaluate PFAS for which volatility, metabolism, and other routes of transformation are likely to modulate their environmental fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kreutz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Matthew S Clifton
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Marci G Smeltz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Matthew Phillips
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 100 ORAU Way, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - John F Wambaugh
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Barbara A Wetmore
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Dobreniecki S, Mendez E, Lowit A, Freudenrich TM, Wallace K, Carpenter A, Wetmore BA, Kreutz A, Korol-Bexell E, Friedman KP, Shafer TJ. Integration of toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic new approach methods into a weight-of-evidence analysis for pesticide developmental neurotoxicity assessment: A case-study with DL- and L-glufosinate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 131:105167. [PMID: 35413399 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
DL-glufosinate ammonium (DL-GLF) is a registered herbicide for which a guideline Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) study has been conducted. Offspring effects included altered brain morphometrics, decreased body weight, and increased motor activity. Guideline DNT studies are not available for its enriched isomers L-GLF acid and L-GLF ammonium; conducting one would be time consuming, resource-intensive, and possibly redundant given the existing DL-GLF DNT. To support deciding whether to request a guideline DNT study for the L-GLF isomers, DL-GLF and the L-GLF isomers were screened using in vitro assays for network formation and neurite outgrowth. DL-GLF and L-GLF isomers were without effects in both assays. DL-GLF and L-GLF (1-100 μM) isomers increased mean firing rate of mature networks to 120-140% of baseline. In vitro toxicokinetic assessments were used to derive administered equivalent doses (AEDs) for the in vitro testing concentrations. The AED for L-GLF was ∼3X higher than the NOAEL from the DL-GLF DNT indicating that the available guideline study would be protective of potential DNT due to L-GLF exposure. Based in part on the results of these in vitro studies, EPA is not requiring L-GLF isomer guideline DNT studies, thereby providing a case study for a useful application of DNT screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Lowit
- Office of Pesticide Programs USEPA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Theresa M Freudenrich
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Amy Carpenter
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Barbara A Wetmore
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Katie Paul Friedman
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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5
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Recent advances in the determination of unbound concentration and plasma protein binding of drugs: Analytical methods. Talanta 2021; 225:122052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dargó G, Bajusz D, Simon K, Müller J, Balogh GT. Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1763-1774. [PMID: 31995375 PMCID: PMC7307925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
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The knowledge on human serum albumin
(HSA) binding is of utmost
importance as it affects pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability
of drugs. In this article, we report a novel method to screen for
ionizable molecules with high HSA binding affinity based on pKa shifts using UV-pH titration. We investigated
the HSA binding of 27 drugs and compared the results to experimental
data from conventional methods. In most cases, significant shifts
(ΔpKa > 0.1) were observed for
drugs
with high HSA binding, while no change could be detected for low-affinity
binders. We showed the pivotal role of ionization centers in the formation
of strong interactions between drug and HSA using molecular docking
studies. We also verified our findings by testing five modified analogues
designed by structural considerations. Significant decreases in their
HSA binding proved that the UV-pH titration method combined with an
in silico support can be used as a medicinal chemistry tool to assist
rational molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Dargó
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Műegyetem rakpart 3 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary.,Chemistry Department , Gedeon Richter Plc. , Gyömrői út. 19-21 , 1107 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2 , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kristóf Simon
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Műegyetem rakpart 3 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Judit Müller
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory II , Gedeon Richter Plc. , Gyömrői út. 19-21 , 1107 Budapest , Hungary
| | - György T Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Műegyetem rakpart 3 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary.,Chemistry Department , Gedeon Richter Plc. , Gyömrői út. 19-21 , 1107 Budapest , Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy , University of Szeged , 6720 Szeged , Hungary
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Ronzetti M, Baljinnyam B, Yasgar A, Simeonov A. Testing for drug-human serum albumin binding using fluorescent probes and other methods. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:1005-1014. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1534824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ronzetti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Bolormaa Baljinnyam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Schmid CL, Kennedy NM, Ross NC, Lovell KM, Yue Z, Morgenweck J, Cameron MD, Bannister TD, Bohn LM. Bias Factor and Therapeutic Window Correlate to Predict Safer Opioid Analgesics. Cell 2017; 171:1165-1175.e13. [PMID: 29149605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biased agonism has been proposed as a means to separate desirable and adverse drug responses downstream of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets. Herein, we describe structural features of a series of mu-opioid-receptor (MOR)-selective agonists that preferentially activate receptors to couple to G proteins or to recruit βarrestin proteins. By comparing relative bias for MOR-mediated signaling in each pathway, we demonstrate a strong correlation between the respiratory suppression/antinociception therapeutic window in a series of compounds spanning a wide range of signaling bias. We find that βarrestin-biased compounds, such as fentanyl, are more likely to induce respiratory suppression at weak analgesic doses, while G protein signaling bias broadens the therapeutic window, allowing for antinociception in the absence of respiratory suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen L Schmid
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nicole M Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nicolette C Ross
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kimberly M Lovell
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Zhizhou Yue
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jenny Morgenweck
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Industry Perspective on Contemporary Protein-Binding Methodologies: Considerations for Regulatory Drug-Drug Interaction and Related Guidelines on Highly Bound Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3442-3452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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