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Ridha AM, Aidinis K, Suliman AH. Temperature Rise at the Pulp-Dentin Junction for a Multi-Layered Composite Restoration using the Finite Element Method. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives:
During the light-curing process of composite restoration, excessive heat can be produced, which can potentially lead to pulp necrosis (death). In this study, we aimed, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), to assess the risk of pulp damage during the light-curing process by investigating the influence of light-curing devices, under various irradiation regimes, on the temperature increase at the pulp-dentin junction, during a one-layer or multi-layered deep composite restoration.
Methods:
A Three-dimensional finite element method model of typical geometry and material properties, as commonly reported in the literature, was employed in COMSOL Multiphysics simulations in order to determine the temperature increase in the pulp. Various combinations of light intensities, durations, and irradiation regimes were investigated for the two cases, of shallow and deep multi-layered composite restoration.
Results:
Results of light-curing composite resins within enamel; indicate that the temperature rise during the curing process was within the safety margins. Results of light-curing composite resin restorations closer to the pulp with thin remaining dentin, indicate a temperature increase that could be sufficient to cause thermal injury in the pulp. Modulating the light output marginally, reduced the temperature rise while reducing the intensity and increasing the curing duration which was consistently more effective in this respect.
Conclusion:
The results clearly demonstrate that with currently adopted standard procedures, there exists a risk of thermal injury during multi-layered composite restorations with thin remaining dentin; it is thus important to establish appropriate curing regimes that would lead to minimal temperature increase during deep composite restorations and hence reduce the risk of thermal injury to the pulp.
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Tarao H, Akutagawa M, Emoto T, Takei A, Yumoto H, Tominaga T, Ikehara T, Kinouchi Y. Evaluation of Temperature Increase From Joule Heat in Numerical Tooth Model by Applying 500 kHz Current for Apical Periodontitis Treatment-Effect of Applied Voltage and Tooth Conductivity. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:224-237. [PMID: 33537989 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For apical periodontitis treatments, a new method with the insertion of an electrode into the root canal of a tooth and application of a current at 500 kHz to sterilize the area by Joule heat has attracted attention. However, few studies have quantified the temperature increase in the root canal. This study aimed to investigate the basic characteristics of the temperature increase in a simple and standard tooth model when energizing a current at 500 kHz to the numerical tooth model with typical electrical and physical properties. We developed a numerical model of a standard tooth (dentin) and periodontal tissues consisting of an alveolar bone, cortical bone, and gingiva, and physiological saline in a root canal and calculated the temperature increase inside the numerical model by a coupled analysis of current and heat when a voltage was applied across the electrodes. The calculated results for the different applied voltages showed a temperature increase at the apical portion of the root canal, which increased with the applied voltage even for the same total supplied energy. The temperature increase occurred at the apical portion of the root canal as the tooth conductivity decreased. When the tooth conductivity was high, a current passed through the dentin, which led to a decrease in the temperature at the apical portion of the root canal. However, a chemical solution with a higher conductivity in the root canal tended to increase the temperature at the apical portion of the root canal, regardless of the tooth conductivity. More efficient approaches for increasing the spatial and temporal temperature for the tooth model target are needed. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Tarao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Masatake Akutagawa
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Emoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Amane Takei
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tominaga
- Medical Corporation Tominaga Dental Clinic, Naruto, Japan.,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Ikehara
- Institute of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kinouchi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Martini AP, de Souza FI, Anchieta RB, de Almeida EO, Freitas Junior AC, Rocha EP. Influence of resin cement thickness and temperature variation on mechanical behavior of dental ceramic fragment restoration. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:409-417. [PMID: 30712384 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1560428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the stress behavior of ceramic fragment restoration, varying the thickness of the cement layer and intraoral temperature variation. A solid model of a upper lateral incisor was obtained and a defect at enamel distal/incisal edge was restored with a ceramic fragment. Based on this initial model, 4 different models (M) were built: M1 - absence of cement layer (CL) (0 μm of thickness); M2 - CL with an uniform thickness of 50 μm; M3 - CL with 50 μm at the margin of ceramics and 100 μm in the inner area far from margins; M4 - CL with 50 μm at the margin of ceramics and 200 μm in the inner area far from margins. The environment temperature changed from 5 °C to 50 °C in 4 increments. The finite element analysis was performed. Increase the cement layer thickness generated higher stress levels on ceramic surface in all temperatures, as well as on cement interface. In general hot temperature was the worst scenario for ceramic fragments integrity, since tensile and compressive stress were more intense. The maximum principal stress on ceramic fragment was found 90 MPa for M4 at 50 °C, followed for M3 (87 Mpa). For CL, the peak of stress was found for M3 at 5 °C (47 MPa). Is it possible to conclude that thick resin cement layer contribute to higher stress concentration on ceramic fragment, and extremely hot temperatures increase the risk of structural failure, since both ceramic and \cl are exposed to higher compressive and tensile stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Martini
- a Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School , Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista , Araçatuba , SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Isquierdo de Souza
- a Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School , Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista , Araçatuba , SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Bruniera Anchieta
- b School of Dentistry , Centro Universitário do Norte Paulista , São José do Rio Preto , SP, Brazil.,c Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School , Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista , Araçatuba , SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Oliveira de Almeida
- d Department of Dentistry , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Ciências Odontologicas Post Graduation Program Odontológica , Natal , RN , Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Passos Rocha
- f Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School , Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista , Araçatuba , SP , Brazil
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Lin M, Liu SB, Genin GM, Zhu Y, Shi M, Ji C, Li A, Lu TJ, Xu F. Melting Away Pain: Decay of Thermal Nociceptor Transduction during Heat-Induced Irreversible Desensitization of Ion Channels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3029-3035. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy M. Genin
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine,
NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology,
and School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | | | | | - Changchun Ji
- Department
of Acupuncture, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, PR China
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Çelik Köycü B, İmirzalıoğlu P. Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress Analysis of a Mandibular Molar Tooth Restored by Different Indirect Restorations Using a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method. J Prosthodont 2015; 26:460-473. [PMID: 26618930 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Daily consumption of food and drink creates rapid temperature changes in the oral cavity. Heat transfer and thermal stress caused by temperature changes in restored teeth may damage the hard and soft tissue components, resulting in restoration failure. This study evaluates the temperature distribution and related thermal stress on mandibular molar teeth restored via three indirect restorations using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D finite element model was constructed of a mandibular first molar and included enamel, dentin, pulp, surrounding bone, and indirect class 2 restorations of type 2 dental gold alloy, ceramic, and composite resin. A transient thermal FEA was performed to investigate the temperature distribution and the resulting thermal stress after simulated temperature changes from 36°C to 4 or 60°C for a 2-second time period. RESULTS The restoration models had similar temperature distributions at 2 seconds in both the thermal conditions. Compared with 60°C exposure, the 4°C condition resulted in thermal stress values of higher magnitudes. At 4ºC, the highest stress value observed was tensile stress (56 to 57 MPa), whereas at 60°C, the highest stress value observed was compressive stress (42 to 43 MPa). These stresses appeared at the cervical region of the lingual enamel. The thermal stress at the restoration surface and resin cement showed decreasing order of magnitude as follows: composite > gold > ceramic, in both thermal conditions. CONCLUSIONS The properties of the restorative materials do not affect temperature distribution at 2 seconds in restored teeth. The pulpal temperature is below the threshold for vital pulp tissue (42ºC). Temperature changes generate maximum thermal stress at the cervical region of the enamel. With the highest thermal expansion coefficient, composite resin restorations exhibit higher stress patterns than ceramic and gold restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Çelik Köycü
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pervin İmirzalıoğlu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Talebi M, Moghimi S, Shafagh M, Kalani H, Mazhari F. In vitro investigation of heat transfer phenomenon in human immature teeth. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 8:218-24. [PMID: 25587383 PMCID: PMC4288911 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2014.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Heat generated within tooth during clinical dentistry can cause thermally induced damage to hard and soft components of the tooth (enamel, dentin and pulp). Geometrical characteristics of immature teeth are different from those of mature teeth. The purpose of this experimental and theoretical study was to investigate thermal changes in immature permanent teeth during the use of LED light-curing units (LCU). Materials and methods. This study was performed on the second mandibular premolars. This experimental investiga-tion was carried out for recording temperature variations of different sites of tooth and two dimensional finite element models were used for heat transfer phenomenon in immature teeth. Sensitivity analysis and local tests were included in the model validation phase. Results. Overall, thermal stimulation for 30 seconds with a low-intensity LED LCU increased the temperature from 28°C to 38°C in IIT (intact immature tooth) and PIT (cavity-prepared immature tooth). When a high-intensity LED LCU was used, tooth temperature increased from 28°C to 48°C. The results of the experimental tests and mathematical modeling illustrated that using LED LCU on immature teeth did not have any detrimental effect on the pulp temperature. Conclusion. Using LED LCU in immature teeth had no effect on pulp temperature in this study. Sensitivity analysis showed that variations of heat conductivity might affect heat transfer in immature teeth; therefore, further studies are required to determine thermal conductivity of immature teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Talebi
- Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Moghimi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Shafagh
- MD, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalani
- PhD Candidate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Direct measurement of time-dependent anesthetized in vivo human pulp temperature. Dent Mater 2015; 31:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Influence of buccal cusp reduction when using porcelain laminate veneers in premolars. A comparative study using 3-D finite element analysis. J Prosthodont Res 2011; 55:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A review of heat transfer in human tooth—Experimental characterization and mathematical modeling. Dent Mater 2010; 26:501-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Rafferty BT, Janal MN, Zavanelli RA, Silva NRFA, Rekow ED, Thompson VP, Coelho PG. Design features of a three-dimensional molar crown and related maximum principal stress. A finite element model study. Dent Mater 2009; 26:156-63. [PMID: 19857888 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of clinically relevant variables on the maximum principal stress (MPS) in the veneer layer of an anatomically correct veneer-core-cement-tooth model. METHODS The average dimensions of a mandibular first molar crown were imported into CAD software; a tooth preparation was modeled by reducing the proximal walls by 1.5 mm and the occlusal surface by 2.0 mm. 'Crown systems' were composed by varying characteristics of a cement layer, structural core, and veneer solid, all designed to fit the tooth preparation. The main and interacting effects of proximal wall height reduction, core material, core thickness, cement modulus, cement thickness, and load position on the maximum stress distribution were derived from a series of finite element models and analyzed in a factorial analysis of variance. RESULTS The average MPS in the veneer layer over the 64 models was 488 MPa (range = 248-840 MPa). MPS increased significantly with the addition of horizontal load components and with increasing cement thickness. In addition, MPS levels varied as a function of interactions between: proximal wall height reduction and load position; load position and cement thickness; core thickness and cement thickness; cement thickness and proximal wall height reduction; and core thickness, cement thickness and proximal wall height reduction. CONCLUSION Rational design of veneered structural ceramics must consider the complex geometry of the crown-tooth system and integrate the influence of both the main effects and interactions among design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Rafferty
- Dept. of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, 345 24th Street, Room 804s, New York, NY 10010, USA
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