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Pordeus Batista LA, Vieira-Junior WF, Pacheco RR, Mori AA, Sundfeld D, Pini NIP. Color alteration with ceramic veneers according to the tooth type and preparation step: A clinical analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:100-107. [PMID: 35843750 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Achieving accurate tooth color is important in esthetic dental treatments; however, clinical studies evaluating how ceramic veneer procedures affect color alterations are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the color alteration during treatment with ceramic veneers and to correlate these changes with the tooth treated and veneer thickness. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten patients who underwent esthetic treatment were enrolled as participants. Color analysis with the VITA spectrophotometer was performed at baseline, after tooth preparation, immediately after cementation (Final 1), and after 6 to 12 months of follow-up (Final 2). Data of L∗, a∗, b∗, shade guide unit (SGU), ΔEab, ΔE00, and variation in SGU (ΔSGU) were obtained. Thickness of the veneer was also recorded. Each participant was considered as a statistical block, and the mean results for each tooth (maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines) were presented. Data were evaluated by the mixed model for repeated measures and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (L∗, a∗, b∗), generalized linear models (thickness, ΔEab, ΔE00, SGU), Friedman test (ΔSGU), and the Pearson test was used to correlate veneer thickness and color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔSGU) (α=.05). RESULTS Among the teeth treated, no differences were found in ceramic thicknesses. The mean thickness was 1.03 mm for central incisors, 0.96 for lateral incisors, and 0.89 for canines. The b∗ values increased significantly after preparation and decreased after cementation (P<.001). For ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔSGU, there was no statistically significant difference between the types of tooth at each respective time of analysis (P>.05). Regardless of the tooth, a decrease in the SGU score was detected after cementation (P=.015). After tooth preparation, there was significant correlation (P<.05) between ceramic thickness and ΔSGU (r=0.36). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with ceramic veneers resulted in color change, mainly with respect to the b∗ axis (yellow), producing objective differences in the ΔE analysis. Although ceramic thickness correlated with the VITA scale change (ΔSGU) after tooth wear or preparation, ceramic thickness did not differ among tooth types and did not correlate with changes in color parameters after cementation. (P>.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz André Pordeus Batista
- Master student in Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Ingá University Center (Uningá), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rocha Pacheco
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Division Director of Clinical Essentials and Simulation, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Mich
| | - Aline Akemi Mori
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Ingá University Center (Uningá), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sundfeld
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Ingá University Center (Uningá), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Ingá University Center (Uningá), Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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An H. Ceramic veneer shade evaluation using a multicolored 3D-printed model-A case report. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:415-420. [PMID: 37737648 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article demonstrates the use of a multicolored 3D-printed model for laboratory shade evaluation of ceramic veneers. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS A young female patient presented with peg lateral incisors and diastemata between her maxillary incisors. Four ceramic veneers for her maxillary incisors were fabricated using a digital workflow. A multicolored 3D-printed model was manufactured using material jetting technology. The multicolored model and try-in pastes were used to evaluate and adjust the shade of the veneers. Clinically acceptable color matching was achieved, the veneers were delivered without further chairside shade adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Successful color evaluation and adjustment were achieved using the combination of multicolored 3D-printed model and try-in pastes. The use of this approach saved time for stump shade taking and fabrication of tooth-colored dies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A multicolored 3D-printed model can be a useful tool for color evaluation and adjustment of ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongseok An
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Soares PM, Pereira GKR, Bacchi A. Resin composite layering on discolored substrates ensures masking ability for monolithic ceramics. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:860-868. [PMID: 37209028 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resin composite layering on discolored substrates to obtain masking ability with monolithic ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups (n = 8) of computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) monolithic ceramics, shade A1, with thicknesses of 1.0 and 1.5 mm, were tested: feldspathic (FC), leucite-reinforced (LC), lithium disilicate-reinforced (LD), and translucent zirconia (5YSZ). Five substrates were used: A1 (used as reference), A3.5, C4, and coppery and silvery metals. The substrates were separated as non-layered or layered (with flowable opaque resin composite (FL), white opaque restorative resin composite (WD), and A1-shaded opaque restorative resin composite (A1D)). Resin composite layers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm were tested. The try-in paste, shade A1, was used as a luting agent. Translucency parameter (TP00 ) was assessed for the ceramics. Color differences (∆E00 ) were assessed for the restorative ceramics and resin composite layers over discolored substrates with the CIEDE2000 formula. The results were compared statistically, and descriptively with acceptability (AT, 1.77) and perceptibility (PT, 0.81) thresholds. RESULTS Feldspathic showed the highest TP00 (for both ceramic thicknesses) and LD the lowest (for 1.5 mm of ceramic thickness) (P < 0.001). For substrate A3.5, layering with 1.0 mm of A1D or WD ensured ∆E00 below PT for all ceramics tested (P < 0.001). The use of 0.5 mm of FL or 1.0 mm of A1D associated with ceramics LC, LD, and 5YSZ ensured ∆E00 below AT for substrates C4 and coppery metal (P < 0.001). Silvery background layered with 0.5 mm of FL presented ∆E00 below AT for all ceramics and ∆E00 below PT for lithium disilicate of 1.0 mm of thickness (∆E00 = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS Layering severely discolored substrates with selected opaque resin composites ensures masking ability for restoration with CAD/CAM monolithic ceramics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Severely discolored substrates are predictably restored with monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics by performing a previous layering of the substrate with opaque resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Machado Soares
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Atais Bacchi
- MSciD Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry (FACPP), Fortaleza, Brazil
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Assaf A, Azer SS, Sfeir A, Al-Haj Husain N, Özcan M. Risk Factors with Porcelain Laminate Veneers Experienced during Cementation: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4932. [PMID: 37512206 PMCID: PMC10381715 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) depends on many clinical and technical factors, from planning to execution, among which adhesive cementation is of significant importance. This procedure carries many risk factors if not optimally executed. The objective of this study was to document the clinical parameters affecting successful cementation procedures with a focus on the adhesive strength, integrity, and esthetics of the PLVs. A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, complemented by a hand search using predefined keywords. Articles published in English between 1995 and 2023 were selected. According to this review, the success and longevity of PLVs rely in great part on the implementation of a precise cementation technique, starting from field isolation, adequate materials selection for adhesion, proper manipulation of the materials, the seating of the veneers, polymerization, and elimination of the excess cement. Several clinical steps performed before cementation, including treatment planning, preparation, impression, and adequate choice of the restorative material, could affect the quality of cementation. Scientific evidence suggests careful implementation of this process to achieve predictable outcomes with PLVs. The short- and long-term clinical success of adhesively luted PLVs is tributary to a deep understanding of the materials used and the implementation of clinical protocols. It is also contingent upon all the previous steps from case selection, treatment planning, and execution until and after the cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Assaf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Shereen S Azer
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentisry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Moecke SE, Silva AGDCS, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Optical properties of esthetic temporary cements and final restoration color. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:461-470. [PMID: 37115140 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opaque cements can be esthetically unfavorable and alternative translucent materials have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color interference of a new translucent cement compared with conventional materials, in association with interim restoration with different thickness and shades. METHODS Bis-acryl composite disks were prepared in 2 thicknesses (1.2 mm, 0.6 mm) and 3 shades (A3.5, A2, bleached) to simulate the restorations. Cementation over dentin disks was performed with 1 translucent cement (Provicol QM Aesthetic; VOCO), 2 conventional cements (Provicol; VOCO, Temp-Bond NE; Kerr Dental), and 1 transparent liquid (polyethylene glycol 400). The difference between the color of the specimens cemented with the transparent liquid and that of the specimens cemented with each cement was calculated (ΔEab). The data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (5%). RESULTS Significant differences were observed for all factors and some interactions (P < .05). For Provicol QM Aesthetic, the shade and thickness did not influence the ΔEab. For Provicol and Temp-Bond NE, the lighter and thinner the specimen, the higher the ΔEab. Only Provicol QM Aesthetic had smaller means than the perceptibility threshold. Temp-Bond NE and Provicol had higher values than the acceptability threshold for some combinations. CONCLUSIONS The highly translucent cement had less color interference than the conventional materials. The thickness and resin shade only affected the results for the opaque cements. The thinner specimens and the lighter shades had higher color interference. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The use of a more translucent cement can produce a smaller color interference on the esthetic outcome of interim restorations.
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Dental Luting Cements: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041619. [PMID: 36838607 PMCID: PMC9961919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer's instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.
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Meister J, Kaschuba N, Romer M, Bourauel C. Influence of Cementation on the Aesthetical Appearance of Full-Ceramic Restorations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1236. [PMID: 36770241 PMCID: PMC9919653 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental ceramics as restorative materials requires corresponding luting materials (cements) that, in turn, influence the visual appearance of the restoration. Due to the high light transmission through the ceramics, the cements can affect the color perception of the dental restoration. This study aims to investigate the optical effects of various cements on the visual appearance of full-ceramic restorations. Three fixing polymer resins (Bifix SE (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhafen, Germany), BreezeTM (Pentron Clinical, West Collins Orange, CA, USA), and PanaviaTM F. 2.0 (Kuraray, Noritake, Osaka, Japan)), with layer thicknesses of 50, 100, 200, and 250 µm, were applied onto a ceramic base model (0.4 mm thick), and irradiated with laser light of wavelengths 532, 632.8, and 1064 nm. Light intensities and scattering effects of light of various wavelengths were angle-dependent, analyzed using a goniophotometer with perpendicular light incidence on the sample specimen (base model plus luting material). In addition, the transmitted power of the light through the sample specimen was determined as a function of the layer thickness. With increasing layer thickness, power losses of respectively 30% for Bifix SE and BreezeTM in the visible spectral range were comparable, whereas PanaviaTM F. 2.0 showed a power loss of ca. 44% here. For the near-infrared range, the power losses for all cements were 25%. This could be confirmed by the interpretation of the line widths. Moreover, the line widths for thin cement layer thicknesses (50 and 100 µm) in the visible spectral range displayed only a redistribution of light by scattering, which does not affect color perception at all. In addition, at 200 and 250 µm, absorption occurred which causes a change in color perception. Within the scope of this study, it could be shown that for thin-layer thicknesses of the cement applied here, there is no adverse optical effect on the aesthetic visual appearance of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Meister
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Center of Applied Medical Laser Research and Biomedical Optics (AMLaReBO), Bonn University, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | | | | | - Christoph Bourauel
- Center of Applied Medical Laser Research and Biomedical Optics (AMLaReBO), Bonn University, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Oral Technology, Bonn University, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Color Assessment of Feldspathic Ceramic with Two Different Thicknesses, Using Multiple Polymeric Cements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020397. [PMID: 36679277 PMCID: PMC9864571 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes of feldspathic ceramics CEREC Blocs (Dentsply Sirona, Milford, DE, USA) when cemented with different luting agents, while varying the ceramic thickness. Seventy ceramic discs of feldspathic ceramic (A2 shade) were obtained with 0.5 and 0.8 mm thicknesses. Seventy composite discs (A3 shade) 1 mm in thickness were used as substrates. After being polished and conditioned, the ceramic and composite discs were cemented with different resin cements and a flowable composite: Variolink® Esthetic Light, Neutral and Warm (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); RelyXTM Veneer B0.5, Translucent and A3 Opaque/yellow shades (3M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA); G-aenial® Universal Flow A2 (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgium). Color difference (ΔE) was determined using a spectrophotometer. A two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method with a 95% confidence interval. Variolink® Neutral showed the highest ΔE (15.12 ± 0.71) and RelyXTM Veneer A3 the lowest value (1.59 ± 0.33). There are no statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses for Variolink® Light (p = 0.230) and RelyXTM Veneer B0.5 (p = 0.318) cements. The feldspathic ceramic final color is influenced by the cement used and the ceramic thickness. The use of different cements in a thin ceramic has a clinically significant impact on the final esthetic result.
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Kavut İ, Uğur M. The effect of amine-free initiator system and polymerization type on long-term color stability of resin cements: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:426. [PMID: 36153495 PMCID: PMC9508776 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study evaluated the effect of amine-free initiator system and polymerization type on long-term color change of amine-free light-cure and dual-cure resin cements. METHODS Sixty disk-shaped specimens (10 × 1 mm) were prepared from six different amine-free resin cements; NX3 Nexus light-cure (LC) and dual-cure (DC), Variolink Veneer (LC) and Variolink II (DC), Relyx Veneer (LC) and Rely X Ultimate (DC). A feldspathic porcelain specimen (12 × 14 × 0.8 mm) was obtained from a CAD/CAM block (Cerec Blocks; Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany) for color testing. The feldspathic specimen was placed on the resin cement disk and all measurements were performed without cementation. A spectrophotometer was used for color measurements. Specimens were subjected to thermal aging (5 °C and 55 °C; 5000 and 20,000 cycles). Specific color coordinate differences (ΔL, Δa, and Δb) and the total color differences (ΔE00) were calculated after immersion in distilled water for different periods. Normality of data distribution was tested by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data were statistically in a model of repeated measures, using multivariate tests and Tukey's multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS ∆E00 values of resin cements were influenced by cycle periods, significantly (p < 0.05). The highest ΔE00 values for long term were obtained in the NX3 (DC) (3.49 ± 0.87) and the lowest in the NX3 (LC) (1.41 ± 0.81). NX3 (LC), Variolink (DC), RELY X (LC) resin cements showed clinically acceptable color change after long-term aging (∆E00 < 1.8). CONCLUSION Light-cure resin cements should be preferred for long-term color stability of full ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- İdris Kavut
- grid.411703.00000000121646335Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uğur
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
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Okutan Y, Kandemir B, Donmez MB, Yucel MT. Effect of the thickness of CAD-CAM materials on the shear bond strength of light-polymerized resin cement. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12892. [PMID: 35969188 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the thickness of computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative materials on the bond strength of light-polymerized resin cement. Ninety specimens were prepared from three different CAD-CAM materials (a leucite-based glass-ceramic [Empress CAD], a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network [Vita Enamic], and a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic [Vita Suprinity]) in different thicknesses (1, 2, and 3 mm). One surface of each specimen was treated by using a single-step self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime). Light-polymerized resin cement was bonded to treated surfaces by exposure to a light-emitting diode curing unit from the untreated side of the samples. Shear bond strength (SBS) between the ceramic and the resin cement was measured by using a universal testing machine. The leucite-based glass-ceramic had higher SBS values than the other materials at each thickness. For each material, 1 mm-thick specimens had the highest SBS values. The difference between the SBS values of 2 mm- and 3 mm-thick polymer-infiltrated ceramic network was nonsignificant, whereas the SBS values of 2 mm-thick leucite-based glass-ceramic and the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic were significantly higher than those of the corresponding 3 mm-thick specimens. The choice of the material and its thickness may be highly important for clinical success when light-polymerized resin cements are used for cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Okutan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Banucicek Kandemir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Munir Tolga Yucel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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The Effect of Feldspathic Thickness on Fluorescence of a Variety of Resin Cements and Flowable Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The shade of resin-based materials and ceramic thickness influence the optical color of laminate restorations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate—in vitro—the effect of resin-based cement shade and ceramic thickness on fluorescence of feldspathic laminate veneers; (2) Methods: 180 samples of feldspathic ceramic A2 shade with two different thicknesses (0.5 and 0.8 mm) were obtained. The samples were cemented to composite resin substrates with one of the following materials in different shades (n = 10): resin cement (Variolink Esthetic in Light, Neutral and Warm shades; or RelyX Veneer in B0.5 /white, Translucent and A3 Opaque/yellow opaque shades); flowable composite resin (G-aenial Flo in A2 and A3 shades) or a pre-heated composite resin (Filtek Supreme XTE, A3 body shade). The fluorescence spectra were obtained by means of a spectrofluorometer. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Student’s t-tests were performed (α = 0.05); (3) Results: Fluorescence values were significantly influenced by the resin-based agent tested (p < 0.001), the thickness of ceramic (p < 0.001), and their interaction (p < 0.001). The lowest fluorescence values were achieved by RelyX Veneer resin cement regardless its shade and the ceramic thickness; (4) Conclusions: both the shade of resin-based agent and the feldspathic ceramic thickness influenced the fluorescence of laminate restorations.
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Final Colour of Ultratranslucent Multilayered Zirconia Veneers, Effect of Thickness, and Resin Cement Shade. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2555797. [PMID: 35692584 PMCID: PMC9177338 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2555797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Aesthetic restorations should be able to mimic the natural colour depth of teeth, affected by several factors including material properties. There is a lack of information regarding the effect of cement shade and material thickness on the final colour of ultratranslucent multilayered zirconia veneers. Objectives This study evaluated the effect of ceramic thickness and resin cement shade on the final colour of different layers of ultratranslucent multilayered (UTML) zirconia veneers. Methods This in vitro study produced 90 rectangular-shaped specimens with nonsintered Katana UTML monolithic zirconia (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan), shade A1 blocks. Ceramic samples were prepared in two groups of 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm thicknesses, 45 of each (a: 8 × 11 × 0.5 mm; b: 8 × 11 × 0.7 mm). Specimens of each thickness were further divided into 5 groups: universal, clear, brown, white, and opaque (n = 9). Each adhesive resin cement (Panavia V5) was applied between the ceramic samples and composite substrate. The colour values were measured using a spectrophotometer in baseline and after resin cement application according to the CIELab system. For all samples, ΔE00 values were obtained. Data were evaluated with SPSS 25 using the three-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05). Results The factors of cement shade, ceramic thickness, and ceramic layers have statistically significant effect on ΔE00 values (p < 0.001). The results showed lower ΔE00 values with thicker ceramic veneers. Tukey test results showed that the opaque and brown shade had a significantly greater ΔE00 values comparing to universal (p = 0.004), clear, and white shades (p < 0.001). Conclusion The colour change was greater in lower ceramic thickness. Different shades of resin cement and layers of UTML zirconia differently affected the final colour.
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Al-Wahadni AM, Abu Al-Addous AM, Nattress BR, Jum'ah A. Color Changes Associated with Sandblasting, Hydrofluoric Acid Etching, and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation of Milled Feldspathic Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Oper Dent 2022; 47:330-336. [PMID: 35604832 DOI: 10.2341/20-213-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate color changes in milled feldspathic porcelain laminate veneers following hydrofluoric acid etching (HFA), sandblasting (SB), or Er:YAG laser irradiation (LI). METHODS AND MATERIALS Disc-shaped specimens (thickness=1 mm, diameter=8 mm) were milled from feldspathic porcelain blocks (n=40). Glazed specimens were randomly assigned to four subgroups (n=10 each) according to surface treatment: negative control, HFA, SB, and LI. A layer of translucent, light-cured resin cement (thickness=0.1 mm) was then applied following silanization. The color was characterized by the L*, a*, and b* uniform color space (CIE) using a reflection spectrophotometer. CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) was calculated to determine the color difference between each surface treatment and negative control groups. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests. RESULTS There were no significant differences in CIEL* and CIEb* coordinates between negative control and all surface treatment groups (p≥0.108). The SB group demonstrated significantly lower mean CIEa* (higher greenish hue) compared to other groups (p≤0.003). HFA exhibited significantly higher CIEa* (closer to red) when compared to LI (p=0.039). LI induced the smallest overall color change compared to negative control (ΔE00=1.43 [1.07]). However, the differences in ΔE00 values were not statistically significant (p=0.648). CONCLUSIONS The tested surface treatments did not affect the lightness or the yellowness of the 1-mm-thick milled feldspathic porcelain veneers. However, sandblasting resulted in a significant increase in the greenish hue. The Er:YAG laser resulted in the closest ΔE00 (1.43) to the 50:50% perceptibility threshold (ΔE00=1.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Al-Wahadni
- Ahed M Al-Wahadni, BDS, MDSC, PhD (Clin), FFDRCSI, FDSRCPSG, professor of prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - A M Abu Al-Addous
- Ahmad M Abu Al-Addous, BDS, MClinDent, specialist prosthodontist, Private Dental Practice, Amman, Jordan
| | - B R Nattress
- Brian R. Nattress, BChD, PhD, MRD RCSEd, FDS RCSEd, FFDTEd, professor of restorative dentistry, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Jum'ah
- *Ahmad A Jum'ah, BDS, MSc, MRD RCSEd, PhD (Clin), department chair, associate professor, and consultant of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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14
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Juntavee N, Juntavee A, Phetpanompond S. Masking ability of different ceramics upon various underlying structures. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:430-439. [PMID: 35118796 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate masking ability of different types and thicknesses of ceramics upon various substructures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Discs (Ø 12 mm, thickness 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 mm) were prepared from Bruxzir-Anterior® (Bc), Celtra-DUO® (Cc), and Vita-Suprinity® (Vc) (n = 15/group). Substructures (2 mm thickness) were prepared from natural dentine (Ds), tetracycline-stained dentine (Ts), zirconia (Zs), resin composite (Rs), and cast metal (Ms). A spectrophotometer was used to measure the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of a specimen. Masking ability was determined from the color difference (∆E00 ) of ceramics between before- and after combining with substructure using ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). ∆E00 value was compared with acceptable clinical threshold (∆E00 = 1.8) and an ideal threshold (∆E00 = 0.8). RESULTS Type-thickness of ceramics and substructures were significantly affected ∆E00 . Ts significantly influenced ∆E00 more than Rs, Ms, Zs, and Ds. No significant ∆E00 upon Ms and Zs was indicated. Bc completely masked Ts and Rs if thickness was ≥0.6 mm, and Zs, Ms, and Ds if ≥0.4 mm. Cc completely masked Ts and Rs if thickness was >1.6 mm, and Zs, Ms, and Ds if >1.4 mm. Vc completely masked Ts if thickness was >1.4 mm, Rs and Ms if >1.2 mm, and Zs and Ds if >1 mm. CONCLUSION Ts is the most influential substructure impact on color appearance, requiring a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm Bc, 1.2 mm Vc, or 1.6 mm Cc to be perfectly masked. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Masking ability was significantly influenced by the type and thickness of ceramic material and underlying structure. Monolithic zirconia had a significantly higher masking ability than lithium silicate/phosphate glass ceramic. Ts indicated the most influencial substructure impacting the color appearance of ceramic restoration, which require a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm Bc, 1.2 mm Vc, or 1.6 mm Cc to achieve ideal masking capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwut Juntavee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apa Juntavee
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirintana Phetpanompond
- Division of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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15
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Gomes C, Martins F, Reis JA, Albacete-Martinez CP, Maurício PD. Final esthetic result of ceramic restorations cemented with different colors of cement. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:257-261. [PMID: 35001545 PMCID: PMC8874060 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color changes of lithium disilicate ceramics when cemented with different brands of cement by varying the thickness of the ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty ceramic discs, shade A2, were fabricated with 0.5 and 0.8 mm thickness. Forty composite resin discs, shade A3, were also produced. The ceramic samples were cemented to the composite resin discs, with two colors of resin cement, Neutral and Warm. A spectrophotometer evaluation was made. Translucency and color change analysis was performed by calculating the ΔE. A two-way analysis of variance test and multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS There are statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses with different brands of cement (p < .001). In addition, using the translucency analysis it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses in both types of cement (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The use of different cementation materials on lithium disilicate ceramics appears to have little visible influence at the clinical level. Different ceramic thicknesses have a clinically visible influence on the final restoration color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gomes
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Murcia, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz (Ciiem), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
| | - Francisco Martins
- Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz (Ciiem), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Reis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz (Ciiem), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Durão Maurício
- Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz (Ciiem), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
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Jurado CA, El-Gendy T, Hyer J, Tsujimoto A. Color stability of fully- and pre-crystalized chair-side CAD-CAM lithium disilicate restorations after required and additional sintering processes. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:56-62. [PMID: 35284052 PMCID: PMC8891683 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate shade changes in fully- and pre-crystalized CAD-CAM lithium disilicate crowns after the required and additional firing processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and five crowns of shade A1 with high translucency were milled out of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate blocks and categorized as follows (n = 15): (1) restorations fabricated from Straumann n!ce with no additional sintering process; (2) restorations fabricated from Straumann n!ce with one additional sintering process; (3) restorations fabricated from Straumann n!ce with two additional sintering processes; (4) restorations fabricated from Amber Mill with one sintering process; (5) restorations fabricated from Amber Mill with two sintering processes; (6) restorations fabricated from IPS e.max CAD with one sintering process; (7) restorations fabricated from IPS e.max CAD with two sintering processes. All restorations were evaluated with a color imaging spectrophotometer. RESULTS All restorations presented some color alteration from the original shade both after a single and after two firing processes. CONCLUSION The required and additional sintering processes for restorations fabricated with chairside CAD-CAM lithium disilicate blocks cause an alteration of the original shade selected. Shade A1 high translucency restorations tend to change to a more yellowish B1 shade after a sintering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Jurado
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Tamer El-Gendy
- A. T. Still University Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Jared Hyer
- A. T. Still University Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
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17
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Li Z, Ye H, Bai H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhou Y. Three-dimensional digital evaluation of thickness accuracy of mock-ups fabricated by silicone matrices: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:445-451. [PMID: 34588399 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although mock-ups have been widely used in dental esthetic rehabilitation, their accuracy has not been quantitatively evaluated, and the methods of fabricating mock-ups are various. This in vitro study investigated the thickness accuracy of mock-ups fabricated with different silicone matrices. METHODS Mock-ups of maxillary anterior teeth were respectively fabricated by 72 silicone matrices that were equally divided into four groups (n=18 for each group) according to two variables of the silicone matrices: labial margin position (equigingival or cover labial gingiva for 1-2 mm) and palatal notches (with or without notches on the palatal side of silicone matrices). The thickness accuracy of the mock-ups was analyzed using 3D scanning and 3D deviation analysis techniques compared with diagnostic waxing. The thickness change ratios of the mock-ups were compared using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare differences in thickness change ratios between different teeth in each group. RESULTS The thickness accuracy of the mock-ups was significantly affected by the labial margin position and the palatal notches of the silicone matrices, respectively, in the labial area and the incisal area. The most accurate mock-ups were made using silicone matrices with equigingival labial margins and palatal notches. The thickness accuracy of the mock-ups was also inconsistent on different teeth. CONCLUSIONS The mock-ups fabricated by silicone matrices were thicker than the diagnostic waxing. The application of silicone matrices to equigingival labial margins and palatal notches was beneficial to the thickness accuracy of mock-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Li
- Graduate student, Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Ye
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hefei Bai
- Graduate student, Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yijiao Zhao
- Senior engineer, Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Professor, Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Sun
- Professor, Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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18
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Çakmak G, Donmez MB, Kashkari A, Johnston WM, Yilmaz B. Effect of thickness, cement shade, and coffee thermocycling on the optical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1132-1138. [PMID: 34390305 PMCID: PMC9292539 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of thickness, cement shade, and coffee thermocycling (CTC) on the optical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) paired with different shades of a resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty ZLS specimens were prepared in two different thicknesses (0.8 and 1.5 mm) and three different resin cement shades (Tr, A2, and A3) were applied (n = 5). Color determinations were done before and after 5000 CTC by using a noncontact spectroradiometer. Color change due to CTC and relative translucency parameter (RTP) before and after CTC were calculated by using CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni-corrected t-tests(α = 0.05). RESULTS Material thickness and resin cement shade (P < 0.001) affected baseline color. Material thickness affected color difference (P = 0.025). Thickness, resin cement shade, and CTC (P ≤ 0.0001) affected RTP. The difference between the color changes of the 0.8- and 1.5-mm specimens combined with A2 shade cement after CTC was significant (P = 0.01). RTPs of all pairs decreased after CTC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cement shade and material thickness affected the baseline color. The thickness of ZLS affected the color change after CTC only with A2 resin cement and the color change was less when the ZLS was thicker. CTC reduced the translucency of all pairs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians and patients should be aware of a potential color change after long-term coffee consumption when zirconia reinforced lithium silicate is used particularly for laminate veneers with A2 shade of the tested resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Buser Foundation Scholar for Implant Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of ProsthodonticsBiruni University Faculty of DentistryIstanbulTurkey
| | - Afnan Kashkari
- Restorative and Esthetic DentistryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
| | - William M. Johnston
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic DentistryThe Ohio State University College of DentistryColumbusOhio
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of Bern, BernSwitzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityOhioUSA
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19
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Günal-Abduljalil B, Mutahhar Ulusoy M. The effect of resin cement shade and restorative material type and thickness on the final color of resin-matrix ceramics. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:75-82. [PMID: 34108295 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the effects of cement shade, restorative material type, and thickness on the final color of resin-matrix ceramics. METHODS Ninety A2 shade resin-matrix ceramic specimens were prepared from Vita Enamic, GC Cerasmart, and Lava Ultimate at 0.5 and 1.0 mm thicknesses. Sixty resin cement disks were fabricated from different shades (A1, A3O, B05, and TR) of RelyX Ultimate at 0.1 mm thickness. CIE color coordinates were measured using a spectrophotometer, and color differences (∆ E 00 ) were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed (P =0.05). RESULTS The ΔE 00 values were influenced by the cement shade, restorative material type, thickness, and their interactions ( P < 0.05). A3O cement caused clinically unacceptable values for all groups at 0.5 mm thickness and GC at 1.0 mm thickness. A1 and TR cement shades demonstrated visually perceptible but clinically acceptable values, except for VE-A1 and LU-A1 at 0.5 mm thickness. The ∆E 00 values of the B05 cement shade were lower than the visually perceptible threshold for both thicknesses except for GC at 0.5 mm thickness. CONCLUSIONS The shade of the resin cement and the type and thickness of the resin-matrix ceramic material significantly affected the resulting final color. To provide a shade matching with natural dentition and to obtain esthetic restorations, especially for the anterior teeth, the resin cement shade and resin-matrix ceramic material should be carefully selected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Mutahhar Ulusoy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10
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20
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Dos Santos RB, Collares K, Brandeburski SBN, Pecho OE, Della Bona A. Experimental methodologies to evaluate the masking ability of dental materials: A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1118-1131. [PMID: 34085377 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review on the masking ability of discolored substrates, analyzing the capacity and quality of the response produced by the different methodologies and techniques applied to overcome this clinical challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, without date restriction. In vitro studies, written in English, applying different methodologies to evaluate masking ability were included. The variables of interest were: type, color and thickness of the restorative and/or cement material; use of pigments in the restorative material and/or cement; color of the substrate; and background color used for the evaluations. RESULTS Database search retrieved 307 eligible papers with a final inclusion of 47 published papers. Approximately 98% of the studies used ΔE, 36% used TP, and only 6% used CR to evaluate the masking ability of restorative materials. CONCLUSIONS The most appropriate methodology to evaluate the masking ability is using color difference equations (ΔE) associated with the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE As different methodologies have been used to evaluate the masking ability of esthetic restorative materials on colored substrates, there is an urgent need to reach a consensus and propose a method, which is suggested by the present systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Brandenburg Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kaue Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzane Boa Nova Brandeburski
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Oscar E Pecho
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Sampaio CS, Belfus J, Avila A, Cordero C, Freitte M, Ferrari V, Atria PJ, Jorquera G. Effect of different fabrication steps on color and translucency of a CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1038-1044. [PMID: 34060216 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate color differences (ΔE) of different fabrication steps performed on a feldspathic ceramic and relative translucency parameter (RTP) after glazing; and to evaluate their effects on the color parameters: L*, a* and b*. MATERIAL AND METHODS Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) feldspathic maxillary right central incisor ceramic crowns (Cerec Blocs; 1.4 mm thickness) were fabricated through scanning a model preparation and milling. A total of 20 specimens were used and different parameters were compared with each other for color difference (ΔE): original block, milling, polishing, glazing and try-in cements; RTP was measured after glazing. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were evaluated after each step with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) and compared using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses were done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. RESULTS The highest ΔE value was observed for Original versus Milling group (4.73) and the lowest for Polishing versus Glazing (0.49). RTP after glazing presented a value of 12.01. L*, a*, and b* parameters were different among groups. Milling group was the one that presented more differences compared to the Original block regarding L*, a*, and b* parameters. CONCLUSIONS Different fabrication steps resulted in perceptible color differences within themselves, and L*, a*, and b* parameters changed according to each step. All milling specimens presented unacceptable color differences when compared to the other steps, and milling specimens showed all color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) statistically different compared to the Original block. A high RTP value was observed, demonstrating that, at 1.4 mm thickness, the feldspathic ceramic presented high translucency, showing that opacification of substrate might be necessary. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Different fabrication steps can greatly affect the optical properties of the feldspathic ceramic restoration studied and cause a relevant impact when compared to the ceramic block itself. Crowns evaluated right after milling presented the highest color differences. In order to obtain optical properties as close as possible to the original feldspathic ceramic block, either polishing or polishing and glazing needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sampaio
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joyce Belfus
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anai Avila
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Cordero
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Freitte
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanina Ferrari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo J Atria
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilbert Jorquera
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Liebermann A, Mandl A, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Impact of resin composite cement on color of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing ceramics. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:786-794. [PMID: 33949098 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the color of a resin composite cement (RCC) on the optical properties of different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (N = 220, thickness: 0.9 ± 0.03 mm) were fabricated from: leucite (Initial LRF Block/IPS Empress CAD), lithium disilicate (Amber Mill/IPS e.max CAD), lithium metasilicate (Celtra Duo), and lithium alumina silicate ceramic (n!ce) in translucency levels HT and LT. All specimens were bonded with an RCC (Light+/Warm+). Color was analyzed (spectrophotometer) initially as well as after bonding of RCC with CAD/CAM ceramics using CIELab and CIEDE2000. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA and t test served for analyzing (α = 0.05). RESULTS Highest impact on ΔE presented the choice of ceramic (ηp 2 = 0.155/p < 0.001), followed by translucency level (HT/LT; ηp 2 = 0.050/p = 0.001) as well as interaction between ceramic and translucency level (ηp 2 = 0.175/p < 0.001). ΔE00 was mainly influenced by the choice of ceramic (ηp 2 = 0.490/p < 0.001), the shade of resin composite (ηp 2 = 0.031/p = 0.012) as well as the interaction between ceramic and resin composite (ηp 2 = 0.258/p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RCC shades presented differential impacts on color change of CAD/CAM ceramics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Knowledge of the impact of available RCC shades on different CAD/CAM ceramics is crucial for an esthetic outcome and proper selection of ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Liebermann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alicia Mandl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hoorizad M, Valizadeh S, Heshmat H, Tabatabaei SF, Shakeri T. Influence of resin cement on color stability of ceramic veneers: in vitro study. Biomater Investig Dent 2021; 8:11-17. [PMID: 33554126 PMCID: PMC7850403 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2020.1855077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Statement of the problem Long-term success of ceramic veneers depends on the color stability of resin cement used for their cementation. Color change of cement may be seen through the ceramic and compromise esthetics. Purpose This study aimed to compare the color change of two resin cements and their visibility through the ceramic veneers after accelerated artificial aging. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, color change (ΔE) was measured in the following groups (n = 10) before and after accelerated artificial aging: group 1, IPS e.max press high translucent ceramic discs; groups 2, Variolink NLC resin cement discs; group 3, Choice 2 resin cement discs; groups 4, Variolink NLC discs bonded to e.max ceramic discs; group 5, Choice 2 disc bonded to e.max ceramic discs. Color change was measured using a spectrophotometer according to International Commission on Illumination Lab (CIELab). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results Group 2 showed the highest (ΔE = 10.4 ± 0.9) and group 1 the lowest (ΔE = 0.9 ± 0.4) color change. The color change of Variolink was significantly greater than Choice 2 either alone (p < .001) or through the ceramic discs (p < .004). The color change of both cements was lower through the ceramic veneer and this reduction was statistically significant (p < .001). Conclusion Noticeable color change may be expected in areas of cement exposure for both cements studied. Also, in case of using Variolink cement, the color change may be seen through the ceramic veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hoorizad
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Valizadeh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Heshmat
- Membership of Dental material research center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farnaz Tabatabaei
- Membership of Dental material research center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Optical effect of resin cement, abutment material, and ceramic thickness on the final shade of CAD-CAM ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 125:517.e1-517.e8. [PMID: 33239194 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM High-translucency ceramics can be influenced by the underlying structure, altering the restoration shade. How this affects color matching is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the optical effects of cement shade, ceramic type, ceramic thickness, and abutment material on the final color of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) ceramic restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two shades of resin cement (yellow, translucent), 3 types of background (titanium, white zirconia, yellow zirconia), and 3 types of high-translucent ceramic (each type shade A1 and A3) were used in this study. For the experimental groups, a total of 72 ceramic specimens were produced across 4 groups based on ceramic thickness (1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm). For the control groups, each ceramic type and shade was prepared at a thickness of 4 mm. A total of 8 resin cement specimens were produced in 4 groups based on shade by using a plastic mold (12×12×0.2 mm). To demonstrate the effect of implant abutment materials, 3 types of background were fabricated with a thickness of 2 mm. For the experimental groups, 3 specimens (ceramic, cement, and background) were sequentially placed with glycerin in the center of each background specimen. Color measurements of the experimental groups were made with a spectrophotometer and recorded in the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Lab coordinate system. The color differences (ΔE) between experimental and control groups were then calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05) was used to analyze the multiple comparisons of ceramic thickness, ceramic type, and abutment material. The Mann-Whitney U test (α=.05) was used to analyze cement shade. RESULTS Significant differences were found for different ceramic thicknesses, ceramics types, and abutment materials (P≤.001). A clinically acceptable shade (ΔE≤3) was found in 1.5- and 2.0-mm ceramics with the titanium and 2.0-mm ceramics with the yellow zirconia background. However, the color between the experimental group and the control group was similar when using the 2 cement shades (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS An increase in ceramic thickness could minimize alteration of the final shade. High-translucency ceramics, together with a resin cement, were able to successfully mask titanium with a ceramic thickness of at least 1.5 mm. However, only a ceramic with a thickness of 2.0 mm was able to mask the yellow zirconia background.
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Zago RR, Swarowsky LA, Teixeira GS, Marquezan M, Susin AH, Durand LB. Marginal staining of ultra-thin ceramic veneers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pigmentation of the resin cement at the tooth/ceramic interface compromises the esthetic and longevity of ultra-thin ceramic veneers. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate marginal staining of ultra-thin ceramic veneers cemented to intact enamel (non-prepared) and prepared enamel. Methods: Thirty-two (32) permanent central incisors were selected and randomly divided into two groups: intact enamel (IE) and prepared enamel (PE). The ceramic veneers of PE group were bonded to the prepared enamel and the ceramic veneers of IE group were cemented directly onto the intact enamel, with no preparation. Both preparation and cementation were standardized and performed by a single operator. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 8) with different immersion media - coffee and water. After an immersion period of 10 days, stereomicroscope images were made at 20X magnification of the mesial, distal, cervical and incisal surface of each specimen. Three blinded, trained and calibrated examiners evaluated the images of the resin cement interface of each surface. The data were subjected to Kruskal‑Wallis and Mann‑Whitney statistical analysis. Immersion media and enamel preparation influenced the marginal staining of the tooth/ceramic interface. Results: When immersed in coffee, prepared interfaces presented greater marginal staining than unprepared interfaces. When immersed in water, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The cementation of ultra-thin ceramic veneers onto intact enamel is associated with less marginal staining and, consequently, improved esthetics.
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Yildirim B, Recen D, Tekeli Simsek A. Effect of cement color and tooth‐shaded background on the final color of lithium disilicate and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate ceramics: An in vitro study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:380-386. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Yildirim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics Usak University Uşak Turkey
| | - Duygu Recen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry İzmir Democracy University İzmir Turkey
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Carrabba M, Vichi A, Tozzi G, Louca C, Ferrari M. Cement opacity and color as influencing factors on the final shade of metal-free ceramic restorations. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 34:423-429. [PMID: 32282998 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of opacity and color of luting cements on the final shade of metal-free restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five resin cement colors in combination with four different thicknesses of CAD/CAM ceramic materials were tested, and a composite substrate was used as dentin color reference (n = 3). Specimen color was measured with a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere before and after cementation (CIELAB). Cement and ceramic color and opacity (TP) were assessed by measuring the tested ceramic thickness as a 1-mm thick disk for each of the cement shades. The differences in color were evaluated (ΔE00 ). Data were statistically analyzed by a Two-Way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Test for post-hoc comparison (P < .05) and multiple comparison Pearson's test (P < .05); the acceptability and perceptibility threshold were evaluated. RESULTS Statistically significant influence was found for factors ceramic thickness and cement shade (P < .001). Perceptible and unacceptable color changes were induced on the final restoration by resin cements (ranging from ΔE00 = 0.69 ± 0.54 to ΔE00 = 5.53 ± 0.46), the correlation between factors became strong (r2 > 0.6) in case of mismatch between color and translucency of cement and ceramic. Only the clear shade in combination with the thickest ceramic, resulted in an imperceptible color change (ΔE00 = 0.69 ± 0.54). CONCLUSIONS The final shade of ceramic restorations can be influenced by resin cements; the magnitude of influence is related to the cement optical properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In order to influence the final shade of a ceramic restoration, a cement more opaque than the restorative material should be used. Conversely, in the case of a fitting shade of the restoration, a cement more translucent than the restoration should be used to avoid undesired changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carrabba
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Fixed Prosthodontic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Chris Louca
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Marco Ferrari
- School of Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Tuncdemir MT, Gulbahce N, Aykent F. Comparison of color stability of two laminate veneers cemented to tooth surfaces with and without preparation. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:554-559. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makbule T. Tuncdemir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryNecmettin Erbakan University Konya Turkey
| | - Nilgun Gulbahce
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of DentistryNecmettin Erbakan University Konya Turkey
| | - Filiz Aykent
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of DentistryYıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Turkey
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Arif R, Yilmaz B, Johnston WM. In vitro color stainability and relative translucency of CAD-CAM restorative materials used for laminate veneers and complete crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pissaia JF, Guanaes BKDA, Kintopp CCDA, Correr GM, da Cunha LF, Gonzaga CC. Color stability of ceramic veneers as a function of resin cement curing mode and shade: 3-year follow-up. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219183. [PMID: 31260461 PMCID: PMC6602287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of curing mode and shade of resin cements on the color stability of minimum-thickness ceramic veneers after a three-year storage time in distilled water was evaluated in this study. Ninety-six 0.5-mm-thick feldspathic ceramic veneers (Mark II) were luted onto resin composite substrates (Filtek Z350 XT, shade A2E) with two light-cured (NX3 Light-cure and AllCem Veneer) and dual-cured resin cements (NX3 dual-cure and AllCem) in various shades. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer at the following times: 1h and 24h; 7, 30, and 180 days; and 1, 2, and 3 years. Data for color difference (ΔEab) light-cured and dual-cured resin cements were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). For the light-cured cements, the ΔEab values were as follows: NX3-Yellow (2.37±1.35) = ACV-A1 (2.40±1.21) = ACV-Trans (2.52±1.46) = ACV-E-Bleach M (2.56±1.42) = NX3-White (2.69±1.49) = NX3-Clear (2.98±1.68). The lowest ΔE values were found for 1 h (0.61±0.36)a, followed by 24 h (1.15±0.55)b and 30 days (2.48±1.11)c. One year, 180 days, and 2 and 3 years presented higher ΔEab values (3.34±0.94, 3.52±1.04, 3.52±0.95 and 3.55±1.14, respectively)d. For the dual-cured cements, the ΔEab values varied as follows: NX3-Clear (2.32±1.24)a = NX3-Yellow (2.37±1.32)a = NX3-White (2.76±1.43)a < AC-Trans (3.77±1.91)b = AC-A3 (4.13±2.11)b < AC-A1 (5.38±2.92)c. Considering time, the lowest ΔEab values were found for 1 h (0.48±0.25)a, followed by 24 h (2.13 ±0.83)b, 30 days (3.54±1.31)c, and 180 days (3,70±1.73)c. The follow-up times of 1 (4.43±2.15)d, 2 (5.02±1.74)e, and 3 years (4.90±2.12)e presented higher ΔEab values. This study demonstrated that light-cured resin cements were less susceptible to color change than dual-cured cements. After 2 years of follow-up, all cements presented ΔEab values above the acceptability threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janes Francio Pissaia
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Maria Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Sakai T, Sato T, Hisanaga R, Shinya A, Takemoto S, Yoshinari M. Optical properties and flexural strength of translucent zirconia layered with high-translucent zirconia. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:368-377. [PMID: 30814456 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the optical properties and flexural strength of translucent TZP layered with high-translucent PSZ using resin cement of various shades. Zirconia specimens (translucent TZP; Zpex and high-translucent PSZ; ZpexSmile) were 13 mm in diameter, layered at thickness ratios of 0.3/0.7, 0.5/0.5, and 0.7/0.3 mm (ZpexSmile/Zpex), and then luted using resin cement of 3 shades. Monolithic specimens of both were used as controls. CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and translucency parameter (TP) were evaluated as optical properties. Biaxial flexural strength was also determined as a mechanical evaluation. The a* and b* values of layered specimens varied depending on the shade of cement. TP values were not affected by shade of cement and thickness ratio. The biaxial flexural strength was intermediate value between both monolithic specimens. The layering method of zirconia with various translucencies using resin cement of different shades can improve color expression while maintaining clinically sufficient flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sakai
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Akimasa Shinya
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Shinji Takemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iwate Medical University
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Influence of interim cements on the optical properties of interim restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:821-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Giti R, Barfei A, Mohaghegh M. The influence of different shades and brands of resin-based luting agents on the final color of leucite-reinforced veneering ceramic. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:284-289. [PMID: 30983841 PMCID: PMC6445440 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different shades and brands of resin-based luting agents on the final color of a leucite-reinforced veneering ceramic. Methods This in-vitro study was done on 36 ceramic discs (IPS Empress I, 11 × 0.5 mm, A2 shade) and 36 cement disks (11 × 0.2 mm) made of Panavia SA Cement Plus (Kuraray Medical Inc.) and Choice2 (Bisco Inc., Schumburg) brands in translucent, universal A2, and opaque shades (n = 6 per each color in each resin cement brand). Color parameters (CIEL*a*b*) of ceramic specimens were calculated without and with each brand/shade of resin-based luting agents by using a spectrophotometer, and put into CIELab formula. The color differences (ΔE) between the two sets of measurements were calculated and analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Both the resin-based luting agent shade (P < 0.001) and brand (P = 0.023) significantly affected the color differences. ΔE values were significantly different between Panavia-opaque and Choice2-opaque (P < 0.001). No significant difference existed between ΔE of the two brands in A2 (P = 0.178) and translucent shades (P = 0.079). The ΔE values of Panavia-A2 was significantly different from the translucent and opaque shades of the same brand. Moreover, the ΔE of Choice2-translucent shade was significantly lower than that of A2 and opaque shades. The ΔE values were higher than the clinically-acceptable threshold in all groups (ΔE > 3.7) except for Choice2-translucent (ΔE = 3.37). Conclusions The final color of leucite-reinforced veneering ceramic can be affected by the same shades of resin-based luting agents from different brands and different shades of resin-based luting agents from the same brand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Giti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Barfei
- Undergraduate Student, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Mohaghegh
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Diniz RS, Albuquerque LFBD, Tavarez RDJR, Moffa EB, Lago ADN, Gonçalves LM. Correspondence between try-in pastes and resin cements, and color stability of bonded lithium disilicate disks. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e009. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Perroni AP, Kaizer MR, Della Bona A, Moraes RR, Boscato N. Influence of light-cured luting agents and associated factors on the color of ceramic laminate veneers: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1610-1624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gürdal I, Atay A, Eichberger M, Cal E, Üsümez A, Stawarczyk B. Color change of CAD-CAM materials and composite resin cements after thermocycling. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:546-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kilinc H, Turgut S. Optical behaviors of esthetic CAD-CAM restorations after different surface finishing and polishing procedures and UV aging: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Lee SM, Choi YS. Effect of ceramic material and resin cement systems on the color stability of laminate veneers after accelerated aging. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gunal B, Ulusoy MM. Optical properties of contemporary monolithic CAD-CAM restorative materials at different thicknesses. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:434-441. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gunal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Mersin10 Turkey
| | - M. Mutahhar Ulusoy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Mersin10 Turkey
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BARBON FJ, MORAES RR, CALZA JV, PERRONI AP, SPAZZIN AO, BOSCATO N. Inorganic filler content of resin-based luting agents and the color of ceramic veneers. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e49. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rizzante FAP, Locatelli PM, Porto TS, Borges AFS, Mondelli RFL, Ishikiriama SK. Physico-mechanical properties of resin cement light cured through different ceramic spacers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 85:170-174. [PMID: 29902777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the micro hardness, color stability/ΔE, and degree of conversion/DC of a resin cement light cured through different ceramic spacers. Lithium-disilicate ceramic samples were obtained from IPS E-max CAD blocks (HT A1) and IPS in-Ceram (transparent neutral); and divided in 7 groups (n = 8 for each test): CTR/control group; 06 M/0.6 mm monolithic; 12 M/1.2 mm monolithic; 20 M/2.0 mm monolithic; 06B/0.4 + 0.2 mm bilayered; 12B/1.0 + 0.2 mm bilayered; 20B/1.8 + 0.2 mm bilayered. The resin cement (Variolink veneer) was light cured through the ceramic spacers. The resin cement samples were evaluated for ΔE using a spectrophotometer after 24 h, 7days and after aging (24 h in water at 60 °C). Knoop microhardness and DC tests were conducted immediately after light curing, after 24 h and 7days. All experimental groups showed similar microhardness values, although being lower than CTR group. Similar results were observed after 7days. ΔE was similar between all groups after 24 h (except for 12B and 20B), and increased for all groups after 7days and after artificial aging, especially for thicker and bilayer groups. Only 06 M showed values similar to CTR group. DC values were similar to all groups immediately after light curing, increasing after 24 h and 7days. After 7days, only group 20B showed lower DC than CTR group. A tendency of higher DC could be observed for monolithic and thinner ceramics. All test results showed strong correlation (0.9987). Ceramic interposition can reduce mechanical and physical properties of resin cements, especially with thicker and bilayered ceramics. Group 06 M showed the best ΔE overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante
- Department of Comprehensive Care - School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Paula Minatel Locatelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Soares Porto
- Department of Comprehensive Care - School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Tabatabaian F. Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:276-287. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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43
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Karaman T, Altintas E, Eser B, Talo Yildirim T, Oztekin F, Bozoglan A. Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Anterior Maxillary Tooth Color Distribution According to Age and Gender. J Prosthodont 2018. [PMID: 29533497 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of age and gender on the color distribution of the right maxillary central, lateral incisors, and canine teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tooth color was measured using the VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer with a total of 202 volunteers (89 men, 113 women). The age distribution in this study was between 15 and 70 years old (average: 31). A grey background color was used to prevent background reflection while performing the color measurements. RESULTS According to the VITAPAN Classical shade guide, the tooth color distribution of the central and lateral incisors showed a maximum of A2, with a maximum of B3 for the canine teeth. When comparing the International Commission on Illumination L* , a* , and b* values (CIELab color space coordinates) of the teeth with subject gender, statistically significant differences were not found between gender and the L* and b* values (p > 0.05); however, a statistically significant difference was observed between gender and the a* values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION When the distribution ratio of tooth color was examined, different ratios were determined based on gender and age and between the maxillary central, lateral incisors, and canine teeth. A uniform tooth color should not be chosen for anterior restorations, and factors such as gender and age should be considered when making a color selection for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Karaman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Altintas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bekir Eser
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Tuba Talo Yildirim
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Faruk Oztekin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Alihan Bozoglan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Silva G, Normandes AC, Barros Júnior E, Gatti J, Maranhão K, Reis AC, Jassé F, Moura L, Barros T. Ceramic Laminate Veneers for Reestablishment of Esthetics in Case of Lateral Incisor Agenesis. Case Rep Dent 2018; 2018:4764575. [PMID: 29992059 PMCID: PMC5822870 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4764575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand of patients looking for esthetics has resulted in the development of several techniques to restore anterior teeth. Conservative treatments should always be the first therapeutic option for the solution of aesthetic problems involving morphological changes and usually provide the result that the patient expects. In this context, ceramic laminate veneers, also known as "contact lenses," are capable to provide an extremely faithful reproduction of natural teeth with great color stability and periodontal biocompatibility. Minimal or no preparation veneers are heavily advertised as the answer to patients' cosmetic needs, when properly indicated by the dentist. This paper reports a clinical case where lateral incisor agenesis was aesthetically corrected using ceramic laminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geórgia Silva
- School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joyce Gatti
- School of Dentistry, School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Kalena Maranhão
- School of Dentistry, School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cássia Reis
- School of Dentistry, School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Jassé
- School of Dentistry, School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Moura
- School of Dentistry, School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Thaís Barros
- School of Dentistry, School Superior of Amazonia (ESAMAZ), Belém, PA, Brazil
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45
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Tabatabaian F. Color in Zirconia-Based Restorations and Related Factors: A Literature Review. J Prosthodont 2018; 27:201-211. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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46
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Cengiz E, Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Karakaya I, Aktore H. Color difference of composite resins after cementation with different shades of resin luting cement. Odontology 2017; 106:181-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Perroni AP, Bergoli CD, Dos Santos MBF, Moraes RR, Boscato N. Spectrophotometric analysis of clinical factors related to the color of ceramic restorations: A pilot study. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 118:611-616. [PMID: 28385444 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Shade matching natural teeth with ceramic restorations is still an esthetic, clinical challenge. PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the influence of color-related factors on the color variation of ceramic restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Color records were obtained from 11 participants who received 38 lithium disilicate restorations. CIELab color coordinates were measured with a spectrophotometer on the ceramic restoration, tooth (baseline), prepared tooth, and luted ceramics. Color variation (ΔE00) was calculated for each variable (luting agent and restoration type, tooth substrate shade, ceramic thickness, and translucency parameters) measured at baseline on the prepared tooth and after cementation of the restorations. Confidence intervals (CI) for the means (95% CI) were calculated, and the ΔE00 values and CIELab individual color coordinates were compared for each pair of variable by using the Student t test or Welch test (α=.05). RESULTS Greater color variation values were observed between measurements obtained on the prepared tooth and luted restoration. The lower ΔE00 values were observed over darker tooth substrate measured at baseline and after luting (P=.007). CONCLUSIONS The 3 conditions evaluated presented clinically visible color differences, highlighting the importance of clinical evaluations on the visual color acceptability limits for restorations, which are usually defined in laboratory studies. The lithium disilicate ceramic showed lower masking ability over darker tooth substrate, whereas the coordinates L*, a*, and b* were cementation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Perroni
- Doctoral student, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - César D Bergoli
- Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael R Moraes
- Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Noéli Boscato
- Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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48
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Novais VR, Raposo LHA, Miranda RRD, Lopes CDCA, Simamoto PC, Soares CJ. Degree of conversion and bond strength of resin-cements to feldspathic ceramic using different curing modes. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:61-68. [PMID: 28198977 PMCID: PMC5289401 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572016-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin cements have led to great advances in dental ceramic restoration techniques because of their ability to bond to both dental structures and restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veridiana Resende Novais
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística e Materiais Odontológicos, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Oclusão, Prótese Fixa e Materiais Odontológicos, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Paulo Cézar Simamoto
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Oclusão, Prótese Fixa e Materiais Odontológicos, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística e Materiais Odontológicos, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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49
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Effect of brand and shade of resin cements on the final color of lithium disilicate ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 117:539-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Li Q. Effects of Luting Composites on the Resultant Colors of Ceramic Veneers to Intended Shade Tab. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:327-331. [PMID: 28106935 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the color differences of ceramic veneers and the intended shade tab, and evaluate the effects of luting composites on the resultant colors of ceramic veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pressable leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic discs (IPS e.max), with nominal shade A3, were fabricated with thicknesses of 1.0 mm, 0.7 mm, and 0.5 mm (n = 10/ thickness). The ceramic specimens were cemented onto a composite background (shade Dentin) using a veneer adhesive system with five colors of luting composites (RelyX). The colors of the veneer (veneer/luting/background complexes) and corresponding shade tab (A3, Vitapan) were measured using a spectrophotometer, and subsequently converted to CIE L*a*b* values. Color differences (△E) between each complex and the shade tab were calculated and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Tukey's multiple comparisons were used to evaluate the effects of luting composites on the △E values. RESULTS The means of color differences between ceramic veneers and intended shade tab were 2.50 ± 0.38, 3.17 ± 0.48, and 3.84 ± 0.63 for the 1.0 mm, 0.7 mm, and 0.5 mm thicknesses, respectively. △E values were significantly affected by the veneer thickness and the luting composite color (p < 0.001). Tukey's multiple comparison results revealed no significant differences among the luting composites in the thickness of 1.0 mm and 0.7 mm. CONCLUSIONS The color matching of ceramic veneers to the intended shade tab was not achieved in the 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm veneer thicknesses, whichever colors of the luting composites were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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