1
|
Kim JH, Byeon SM, Bae TS, Jang YS, Lee MH, Ahn SG. Impact of liner treatment on the translucency of CAD/CAM multi-colored lithium disilicate and multi-layered zirconia implant-supported crowns, and evaluation of fracture strength of ceramic crowns. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00998-y. [PMID: 39375252 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the optical properties of liner-treated CAD/CAM Multi-colored lithium disilicate (Amber Mill Direct; AMD) and multi-layered zirconia (Omega multi; OM) implant-supported crowns, as well as their effect on the fracture strength of Ti or Zr abutments to which they were applied. After sintering AMD and OM ceramic blocks, they were classified into three groups: untreated, liner-treated, and liner-treated with added color. Optical properties were evaluated by analyzing color differences using background materials to assess translucency and the masking ability of liner-treated ceramics. Subsequently, the fracture strength of implant-supported crowns applied to Ti or Zr abutments was measured, and statistical analysis was conducted using Weibull statistics. Untreated AMD exhibited the highest translucency. Liner treatment reduced translucency in both ceramics, while color-added liner treatment increased translucency. Liner-treated AMD showed greater color difference compared to OM, whereas color-added liner treatment reduced the color difference. Fracture strength was highest in Ti abutment-OM crowns (548.03 N) and lowest in Zr abutment-AMD crowns (283.58 N). Additionally, the Weibull coefficient was over twice as high in Ti abutment-AMD crowns (m = 17.500). Color liners can adjust the high translucency of lithium disilicate ceramics to block discoloration, providing natural tooth-like color and enabling the creation of esthetic restorations. Furthermore, lithium disilicate ceramic crowns applied to Ti abutments exhibited high Weibull coefficients and fracture strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Byeon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Geun Ahn
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Z, Huang X, Lyu J, Yang X, Tan J, Liu X. Optical properties of monolithic zirconia fabricated with nanoparticle jetting. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:464.e1-464.e8. [PMID: 38796354 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Excellent optical properties are essential for esthetic dental materials. However, the translucency and color masking ability of zirconia fabricated with nanoparticle jetting (NPJ), a type of printed zirconia, are unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the translucency and color masking ability of zirconia fabricated using NPJ. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 90 specimens with thicknesses of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mm were fabricated using high translucent milled zirconia (HT), low translucent milled zirconia (LT), and NPJ. CIELab values (L*, a*, and b*) of the specimens over 7 backgrounds, black, white, VitaB1, VitaA2, VitaA4, gold alloy (Au), and titanium (Ti), were obtained using a spectral radiometer. The relative translucency parameter (RTP) and color difference (∆E) of specimens over VitaB1, VitaA4, Au, and Ti were determined using VitaA2 as the control with the CIEDE2000 color difference equation. The normality of the data distribution was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Differences among groups were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) post hoc test (α=.05). The ∆E of specimens was analyzed according to perceptibility (∆E=0.8) and acceptability (∆E=1.8) thresholds using the 1 sample t test. The correlation between RTP and ∆E and RTP/∆E and thickness was examined using the Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed in translucency and color masking ability among HT, LT, and NPJ (P<.05). The RTP value was the lowest for zirconia fabricated with NPJ (P<.001) and highest for HT (P<.001). Monolithic zirconia fabricated with NPJ had lower ∆E values than those of HT and LT for the same thickness and background (P<.05). A positive correlation was found in RTP and ∆E (P<.001). A negative correlation was observed in RTP and thickness (P<.001) and ∆E and thickness across a constant background (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Zirconia fabricated with NPJ was less translucent and had a greater color masking ability for discolored backgrounds than HT and LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Zhu
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jizhe Lyu
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianguo Tan
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Clinical Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ellakany P, Aly NM, Alameer ST, Alshehri T, Fouda SM. Assessment of color stability and translucency of various CAD/CAM ceramics of different compositions and Thicknesses: An in vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:1019-1024. [PMID: 39035562 PMCID: PMC11255938 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Translucency and optical characteristics significantly affect the aesthetics of ceramic restorations. The introduction of new virgilite crystals to novel ceramic advanced lithium disilicate through a matrix firing process enhances the material's strength and aesthetic quality according to the manufacturer. Materials and Methods Four types of CAD/CAM ceramics; lithium disilicate (LD), leucite reinforced (LR), advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) exposed to different staining solutions (tea, cola, coffee, and distilled water). Each ceramic type had 120 specimens, divided into subgroups based on thickness (0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm). Color changes (ΔE00) and translucency parameters (TP00) were measured after thermocycling, and spectrophotometry was employed to evaluate ΔE00 and TP00 after 1, 7, and 30 days of exposure to the staining solutions. Results ZLS exhibited the lowest color stability, while lithium LD and ALD displayed the highest. Thickness significantly affected color stability, with 0.5 mm thickness showing the least change. The duration of exposure also impacted color changes, with 30 days causing the most significant shift. LD demonstrated the highest translucency. Coffee and tea induced more pronounced reductions in translucency and color stability compared to the control group. Conclusions Material structure, thickness, staining solution, and exposure duration significantly influenced the color stability and translucency of CAD/CAM ceramics, with LD and ALD demonstrating superior color stability and LD exhibiting the highest translucency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shahad T. Alameer
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alshehri
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salama AA, Shehab KA, Bushra SS, Hamza FS. The effect of aging on the translucency of contemporary zirconia generations: in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:744. [PMID: 38937719 PMCID: PMC11212148 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The translucency of different zirconia generations at each time point after thermocycling aging is still lacking. METHODS Four zirconia materials were used with a total of 60 samples produced from monolithic third generation (5Y) 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystalline ceramic and fourth generation zirconia (4Y) 4 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystalline ceramic, represented by [group1:[CM-5Y] Ceramill Zolid fx (3rd generation zirconia) (Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria), group 2:[CM-4Y] Ceramill Zolid HT + (4th generation zirconia) (Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria), group 3:[CC-5Y] Cercon XT/ML (Dentsply Sirona, Germany) (3rd generation), and group 4:[CC-4Y] Cercon HT/ML (Dentsply Sirona, Germany) (4th generation)]. The L*a*b* figures were measured by using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after 10,000, 30,000, and 50,000 cycles of thermocycling. At each interval, the translucency of the samples was estimated by using the translucency formula CIEDE2000. The Scheffe post-hoc compared differences among each of the four materials. The Repeated measures ANOVA tested the differences between the materials at each of the different thermocycling intervals (p < .001). Data analyses were evaluated at a significance level of p < .05 (CI 95%). RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed that at baseline the third and fourth generation's zirconia showed statistically significant differences in translucency (P < .001). Translucency values at baseline and after thermocycling exhibited statistically significant changes (p = .003). At each of the time interval; CM-4Y had the highest translucency values followed by CM-5Y, CC-4Y and CC-5Y had the least translucency values. CONCLUSIONS The third and fourth generations of zirconia displayed different translucencies. Thermocycling affected the translucency of both third and fourth generations of zirconia. At each of the time intervals group 2:[CM-4Y] had the highest TP followed by group1:[CM-5Y], while, group 3:[CC-5Y] and group 4:[CC-4Y] had the least TP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Salama
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Karim A Shehab
- Lecturer of Orthodontics, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif Samir Bushra
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faisal Safwat Hamza
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rizk A, Abdou A, Ashraf R, Omar S. Effect of multiple firings on optical and mechanical properties of Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate glass-ceramic of varying thickness. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:370. [PMID: 38869624 PMCID: PMC11176229 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of multiple firings on color, translucency, and biaxial flexure strength of Virgilite-containing (Li0.5Al0.5Si2.5O6) lithium disilicate glass ceramics of varying thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty discs were prepared from Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate blocks. Discs were divided according to thickness (n = 30) into T0.5 (0.5 mm) and T1.0 (1.0 mm). Each thickness was divided according to the number of firing cycles (n = 10); F1 (Control group): 1 firing cycle; F3: 3 firing cycles, and F5: 5 firing cycles. The discs were tested for color change (ΔE00) and translucency (TP00) using a spectrophotometer. Then, all samples were subjected to biaxial flexure strength testing using a universal testing machine. Data were collected and statistically analyzed (α = 0.5). For chemical analysis, six additional T0.5 discs (2 for each firing cycle) were prepared; for each firing cycle one disc was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and another disc was subjected to Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Repeated firing significantly reduced the translucency of F3 and F5 compared to F1 in T0.5 (p < 0.001), while for T1.0 only F5 showed a significant decrease in TP00 (p < 0.001). For ΔE00, a significant increase was recorded with repeated firings (p < 0.05) while a significant decrease resulted in the biaxial flexure strength regardless of thickness. CONCLUSIONS Repeated firings had a negative effect on both the optical and mechanical properties of the Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate glass ceramics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Repeated firings should be avoided with Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate ceramics to decrease fracture liability and preserve restoration esthetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Rizk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Fixed Prosthodontics Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reem Ashraf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Sarah Omar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su C, Lu ZC, Ji X, Yu H. Optical properties of recycled zirconia for dental applications. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:1237.e1-1237.e7. [PMID: 38418303 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM While waste zirconia can be recycled, whether the optical properties of recycled zirconia match those of commercially available zirconia is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the optical properties of recycled zirconia by assessing its color, translucency, and opalescence across different thicknesses and shades. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty specimens were prepared from 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal blocks (Lava Plus; 3M ESPE) (group C); 60 other specimens were prepared from waste blocks of the same zirconia (group R). The specimens were further categorized into 4 subgroups (n=15) based on their thicknesses (1.0 mm or 1.5 mm) and shades (A1 or A3). Specimen color was measured with a spectrophotometer (Easyshade Advance 4.0; Vita ZahnFabrik). The parameters of color difference (ΔE00), translucency (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence (OP) were calculated. Grain size analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α=.05). RESULTS Significant differences in translucency and opalescence were observed between groups C and R in all specimens (P<.001). Group R exhibited a range of TP (4.89 to 11.27), CR (0.74 to 0.91), and OP (3.36 to 8.65) values. The ΔE00 values between groups C and R ranged from 13.99 to 21.31. Both thickness and shade significantly affected the ΔE00 values (P<.001). The grain size in group C was not significantly different from that in group R (F=0.364, df=1, P=.555). The TP and OP values of group R decreased with increasing thickness (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Recycled zirconia was less translucent and opalescent than commercially available zirconia. The color difference between commercially available and recycled zirconia exceeded the acceptable threshold, even when using the same staining procedure. Recycled zirconia exhibited reduced translucency and opalescence with increasing thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Postgraduate student, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cen Lu
- PhD Candidate, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiong Ji
- Postgraduate student, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Associate Professor and Associate Dean, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China, and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alshahrani AM, Lim CH, Wolff MS, Janal MN, Zhang Y. Current speed sintering and high-speed sintering protocols compromise the translucency but not strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Dent Mater 2024; 40:664-673. [PMID: 38378371 PMCID: PMC11015968 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impacts of speed and high-speed sintering on the densification, microstructure, phase composition, translucency, and flexural strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). METHODS A total of 162 disc-shaped specimens (n = 18) were cold-isostatically pressed from 3YSZ (Zpex), 4YSZ (Zpex 4), and 5YSZ (Zpex Smile) powders (Tosoh Corporation) and sintered according to the following protocols: conventional (control, ∼12 h), speed (∼28 min for 3YSZ; ∼60 min for 4YSZ and 5YSZ), and high-speed (∼18 min) sintering. Dimensions of zirconia specimens after sintering and polishing (1-μm diamond grit finish) were Ø13.75 × 1 mm. Density, microstructure, phase content, translucency parameter, and biaxial flexural strength were evaluated using Archimedes', SEM, XRD, spectrophotometric, and piston-on-3-ball methods, respectively. Data were analyzed with either one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS For all YSZ compositions, conventional sintering yielded the highest density followed by speed then high-speed sintering. All sintering protocols resulted in similar strength values; however, speed and high-speed sintering protocols afforded significantly lower translucency relative to conventional sintering. XRD analysis revealed similar spectra for YSZs sintered by various protocols. The speed sintered specimens had the smallest grain size whereas the high-speed sintered 5YSZ possessed the largest grain size among all groups. SEM examination of all YSZ compositions revealed that the average pore size was an order of magnitude smaller than the average grain size. SIGNIFICANCE Speed and high-speed sintering of YSZs yield similar strength but diminished density and translucency relative to their conventionally sintered counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Alshahrani
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chek Hai Lim
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark S Wolff
- Morton Amsterdam Dean, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Johani H, Alhotan A, Alhijji S, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. Staining and bleaching susceptibility of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics with different thicknesses, translucencies, and fabrication methods. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:530.e1-530.e11. [PMID: 38262839 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The influence of different thicknesses, translucencies, and fabrication methods on the spectrophotometric and topographical properties of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics (ZLSs) for dental restorations remains unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of thicknesses, translucencies, and fabrication methods on the color stability, translucency parameter, opalescence parameter, whiteness stability, transmitted irradiance, light transmittance, opacity, gloss, and roughness of ZLSs exposed to coffee staining and bleaching treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two pressable ZLSs (VITA AMBRIA, VA and Celtra Press, CP) and 2 machinable ZLSs (VITA Suprinity, VS and Celtra Duo, CD) were examined at high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) levels in 2 thicknesses (n=160). The specimens were evaluated at baseline, after coffee staining, and after bleaching. The color stability (ΔE2000), translucency parameter (TP), opalescence parameter (OP), whiteness index (WID), and whiteness stability (ΔWID) were measured with a spectrophotometer. Transmitted irradiance (It), light transmission (T), and opacity (O) were obtained from a light-polymerizing unit and a polymerization light collection device. Roughness stability (ΔSa%) was determined with an optical profilometer, and gloss stability (ΔGU%) was recorded with a gloss meter. Data of ΔCIE2000, ΔWID, ΔSa%, and ΔGU% were analyzed by 4-way ANOVA, and data of the TP, OP, WID, It, T, and O were analyzed by repeated 4-way ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS VS-HT exceeded the ΔCIE2000 acceptability threshold after coffee staining and bleaching protocols. Pressable ZLSs exhibited greater color stability than machinable ZLSs. The 1-mm-thick VA, CP, and CD materials exceeded the ΔWID perceptibility threshold after bleaching. The highest TP and OP was displayed by the 1-mm-thick CP after bleaching. ΔGU increased after water storage and decreased after coffee staining and bleaching. ΔSa% significantly increased after bleaching (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The color stability and other spectrophotometric properties of ZLSs depended on material thickness. The effects of ZLS fabrication methods and translucency levels on their measured properties were inconsistent. Subjecting 1-mm-thick ZLS materials to acidic media adversely impacted their stainability and surface texture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Johani
- PhD student, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK.
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Assistant Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alhijji
- Assistant Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Full Professor, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Julian Satterthwaite
- Full Professor, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stevens CD, Renné WG, Vág J. Translucency of chairside monolithic zirconias using different sintering ovens: An in vitro investigation. J Dent 2024; 142:104839. [PMID: 38216029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the translucency of several monolithic zirconias (MZ) processed in various sintering ovens designed for single-visit, chairside use. METHODS Discs (n = 40) from zirconia blocks were fabricated for each MZ at manufacturer-recommended minimal thicknesses, as provided in each material's instructions for use: IPS e.max ZirCAD LT (ZLT); CEREC Zirconia+ (CZ+); 3M Chairside (3M); KATANA Zirconia (KT). Groups (n = 10) were sintered following manufacturer instructions for each oven: CEREC SpeedFire, Ivoclar CS4, Ivoclar CS6, and Ivoclar S2 (laboratory furnace control). Specimens were highly polished on one side and glazed on the other. Each side was measured with a spectrophotometer against white and black backgrounds to determine translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR) values. Results for TP and CR for each material and oven combination were compared with a linear mixed model. Oven precision was evaluated using the Kruskall-Wallis test. RESULTS Glazed specimens were more translucent than polished ones (p < 0.001). ZLT and CZ+ were more translucent than 3M and KT regardless of the sintering oven (p < 0.01). Several oven/material combinations reached or exceeded the S2 oven TP: CS4 with CZ+ and 3M; CS6 with ZLT and KT (p < 0.01). SpeedFire was significantly less precise (p < 0.05) and produced lower TP values for ZLT, CZ+, and KT (p < 0.01). Results for TP and CR were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS MZ surface finish, material thickness, and oven used all had a significant effect on translucency. Some chairside-oriented solutions produced results with translucency equal to conventionally processed zirconia. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The translucency of a ceramic restoration is an important factor in determining its esthetics. Clinicians desiring the most esthetic outcomes with monolithic zirconia should be aware of the significant effects that surface finishing, material thickness, and the sintering oven used can have on restoration translucency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - János Vág
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Çakır Kılınç NN, Yıldız P. Do mouthwashes affect the optical properties of resin cement? BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:275. [PMID: 38403580 PMCID: PMC10894495 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes on the optical properties of resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and 60 resin cement discs (6x2mm) were produced from 4 different brands of resin cement (Panavia V5, Estecem II, RelyX Veneer, NX3) with the help of a Teflon mould. The discs were divided into 4 subgroups, 1 of which served as the control group, to be immersed in mouthwashes after measuring the initial L, a, and b values on white and black backgrounds. Colour measurements were repeated after the 1st and 7th days. The collected data were used to calculate the ∆E00 value to measure colour stability, the translucency parameter (TP00), and the contrast ratio parameter (CR) to compare translucency change. Data were statistically analysed using mixed-design analysis of ANOVA and the Bonferroni-Dunn test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for dependent results (α = 0.05). RESULTS On the ∆E00, TP00, and CR parameters; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times were found to be statistically significant. The ∆E00 (colour difference) parameter; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times was found to be statistically significant. The TP00; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times were found to be statistically significant. The CR parameter; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times was found to be statistically significant. In the Estecem II (Tokuyama) group, the means of Listerine Cool Mint (Johnson & Johnson) was above acceptable limits in both time periods. In the Panavia V5 (Kuraray Noritake) group, the color change was above acceptable limits in all time periods and in all mouthwash groups. Among the resin materials used, Estecem II (Tokuyama) shows the most color change. Listerine Cool Mint (Johnson & Johnson) caused more color change than other mouthwashes at all times. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study; the colour stability and translucency value of resin cement depend on both the resin cement content and the mouthwash. Long-term use of mouthwash may adversely affect the optical properties of the resin cement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should take into account the fact that mouthwash use and the composition of the resin cement employed will have an impact on the colour of laminate veneers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pınar Yıldız
- Nimet Bayraktar Oral and Dental Health Center, Kayseri, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aydoğdu HM, Yıldız P, Ünlü DG. A comparative study of translucency and color perception in monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate veneers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23789. [PMID: 38192772 PMCID: PMC10772169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramic laminate veneers which are a conservative approach to restoring anterior teeth, combining minimal preparation and esthetics. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the thickness of monolithic zirconia laminate veneers on their optical properties and color perception, comparing them to lithium disilicate. A total of 60 laminate veneers were prepared using two ceramic materials, divided into three groups for each material (n = 10) with thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm. CIELab color parameters of the veneers were measured using a spectrophotometer and translucency parameters were calculated. The veneers were cemented onto uniform dies and final L, a, b values of the restorations were measured. The color difference between the different thicknesses was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni HSD post hoc tests were conducted to compare the color parameters (α = 0.05). The results showed that both material type (p < 0.001) and thickness (p < 0.001) influenced translucency values. The translucency values of zirconia veneers were significantly lower than those of lithium disilicate. The color differences (ΔE00) resulting from thickness changes (0.5-1.0 mm) were near or below the perception threshold for lithium disilicate, but distinct for zirconia restorations. In conclusion, monolithic zirconia veneers demonstrated lower translucency compared to lithium disilicate. Changing the material thickness affected the translucency of both materials, but not the color perception only for zirconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Murat Aydoğdu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Pınar Yıldız
- Ministry of Health Nimet Bayraktar Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Damla Güneş Ünlü
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nuh Naci Yazgan University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li CY, Jeong KS, Shin JS, Shim JS, Ryu JJ. Translucency and Strength of Lithium Disilicate for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing at Different Thermal Temperatures and Thicknesses: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:396. [PMID: 38255564 PMCID: PMC10820003 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
To manufacture dental restorations composed of lithium disilicate (LD) through the computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) process, thermal refinement is an essential process that can affect the optical and mechanical properties of ceramics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the translucency and flexural strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic for CAD/CAM using different thermal refinement schedules and thicknesses by measuring the total transmission of light through the specimen and calculating the peak load of the specimen until fracture in a piston-on-three-ball test, respectively. The results showed that a lower translucency was exhibited in thicker specimens, and the flexural strength decreased in the order of 1.0, 0.5, and 2.0 mm (p < 0.05). The lithium disilicates thermally refined at a heat of 820 degrees were shown to have the highest biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that it is possible to adjust transparency and strength according to the clinical situation by choosing an appropriate thickness and thermal refinement process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Li
- Department of Medicine, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (C.-Y.L.); (K.-S.J.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Kyung-So Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (C.-Y.L.); (K.-S.J.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Seob Shin
- Department of Medicine, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (C.-Y.L.); (K.-S.J.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Ji-Suk Shim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Ryu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Olcay EO, Diken Turksayar AA, Demirel M, Donmez MB, Şahmalı SM. Effect of partially stabilized zirconia thickness on the translucency and microhardness of resin cement. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:94-99. [PMID: 35256184 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Partially stabilized zirconia has been introduced as a more translucent iteration. However, knowledge of the effect of the thickness of partially stabilized zirconia on the microhardness of resin cement is sparse. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of thickness and material type on the translucency of partially stabilized zirconia and the microhardness of the resin cement polymerized beneath. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were prepared from 2 translucent zirconias with different yttrium content (Ceramil Zolid HT+ [HT] and Ceramil Zolid FX [SHT]) and a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (e.max CAD [EX]) of different thicknesses (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) (n=10). Color coordinates were recorded by using a spectrophotometer, and the relative translucency parameter (RTP) was calculated by using the CIEDE2000 formula. The microhardness of the resin cement polymerized under ceramic specimens was measured. Two-way analysis of variance, the Tukey honestly significant difference, and independent samples t tests were used to analyze the data (α=.05). RESULTS Material type (P<.001), thickness (P<.001), and their interaction significantly affected the RTP (P=.001) and hardness values (P<.001). Regardless of the thickness, EX had the highest RTP (P≤.027), and the resin cements polymerized under EX showed the highest microhardness (P≤.002). However, the difference between HT and SHT for RTP (P≥.082) and resin cement hardness (P≥.984) was not significant. Specimens of 0.5 mm resulted in higher RTP (P≤.001) and resin cement hardness (P≤.006) than the 1.5- and 2-mm specimens of each ceramic. CONCLUSIONS Increasing material thickness reduced the translucency of the partially stabilized zirconia and the hardness of the resin cements polymerized beneath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emin Orkun Olcay
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Almira Ada Diken Turksayar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Munir Demirel
- PhD student, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey; Visiting Researcher, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Univeristy of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sevil Meral Şahmalı
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farah RI, Alblihed IA, Aljuoie AA, Alresheedi B. Light Polymerization through Glass-ceramics: Influence of Light-polymerizing Unit's Emitted Power and Restoration Parameters (Shade, Translucency, and Thickness) on Transmitted Radiant Power. Contemp Clin Dent 2024; 15:35-43. [PMID: 38707663 PMCID: PMC11068246 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_124_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This in vitro study assessed light transmission through ceramic discs varying in shade, translucency, and thickness using light-polymerizing units with different radiant power/flux (RP) outputs. Methods Disc-shaped specimens (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm) were made from high and low-translucency glass-ceramic ingots (IPS e.max Press) in shades A1 and A4, totaling 60 discs. Two light-polymerizing units with different power outputs were used, and their emission spectra were verified. The transmitted RP values for each ceramic specimen were measured and irradiance and radiant energy influx were calculated. Differences between the light-polymerizing units and the influence of the three ceramic parameters were evaluated using an independent-samples t-test and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (α = 0.05). Results A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean transmitted RP values between the two light-polymerizing units. Furthermore, the three-way ANOVA test showed a significant effect of shade, translucency, and thickness, as well as a significant interaction between each pair of variables and all three variables on the transmitted RP (P < 0.05). Conclusions Despite the significant attenuation in the transmitted RP, especially in ceramics with higher shade chromaticity and thickness and lower translucency, the calculated minimal irradiance values for both light-polymerizing units (their emitted power ≥ 500 mW) were greater than the minimum recommended irradiance threshold (100 mW/cm2). However, the exposure duration needs to be increased to provide the resin with sufficient radiant exposure for adequate polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ra’fat I. Farah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alblihed
- Medical City, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhareth A. Aljuoie
- Medical City, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alresheedi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu J, Chen S, Anniwaer A, Xu Y, Huang C. Effects of background color and restoration depth on color adjustment potential of a new single-shade resin composite versus multi-shade resin composites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1328673. [PMID: 38130823 PMCID: PMC10733480 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1328673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of background color and restoration depth on color adjustment potential of a new single-shade resin composite versus multi-shade resin composites. Two multi-shade resin composites (Spectrum TPH3 and Clearfil AP-X) marked A2 shade and a new single-shade resin composite (Charisma Diamond One) were tested. Four base shades (A1, A2, A3, and A3.5) of the same resin composite (Filtek Z250) were selected as different background colors. Dual specimens with 1-, 2-, and 3-mm restoration depth and single specimens of all materials were fabricated. CIE color coordinates were measured using a spectrophotometer, then color differences (∆E00) and translucency parameter (TP00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Independent observers performed visual scoring. CAP-I and CAP-V values were calculated according to ΔE00 and visual scoring. The results revealed that CAP-I and CAP-V were significantly affected by resin composite type, background color, and restoration depth. CAP-I and CAP-V decreased as restoration depth increased at the same background color for all materials. Charisma Diamond One had the highest CAP-I and CAP-V values at all background colors and restoration depths, with the highest TP00 value. These findings demonstrated that color adjustment potential was dependent on resin composite type, background color, and restoration depth, so shade selection is indispensable for multi-shade resin composites. Charisma Diamond One exhibited the highest color adjustment potential and the most pronounced color shifting, contributing to simplifying the process of shade selection and improving the efficiency of clinical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giugliano TS, Zhang Y, Janal MN, Lim CH, Smith RM, Choi M. In vitro comparison of physical characteristics of milled versus printed zirconia discs. J Prosthodont 2023:10.1111/jopr.13778. [PMID: 37776103 PMCID: PMC10980599 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the dimensional accuracy, translucency, and biaxial flexural strength of milled zirconia (MZ) versus 3D-printed zirconia (PZ) discs. MATERIALS & METHODS A circular disc measuring 14.0 mm in diameter and 1.20 mm in thickness was designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software. The resulting standard tessellation language (STL) file was used both as a control and to fabricate 36 zirconia (3Y-TZP) disc specimens (n = 36): 18 were milled (group MZ) and 18 were 3D-printed (group PZ). The diameter and thickness of each disc were measured using a digital caliper. Translucency was evaluated using a calibrated dental colorimeter. The flexural strength was determined using the piston-on-three-ball biaxial flexure test. All measurements were done by one blinded examiner. The statistical significance level was set to α = 0.05. RESULTS The MZ discs had significantly more accurate dimensions than the PZ discs in both diameter and thickness when compared to the control CAD software-designed disc. The MZ discs exhibited significantly higher translucency (translucency parameter (TP) = 16.95 ±0.36 vs. 9.24 ±1.98) and biaxial flexural strength (996.16 ±137.37 MPa vs. 845.75 ±266.16 MPa) than the PZ discs. Finally, MZ possessed a significantly higher Weibull modulus relative to PZ. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the milled specimens achieved better dimensional accuracy and were more translucent, stronger, and less prone to failure than printed specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Giugliano
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Chek Hai Lim
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ruby M. Smith
- Post-Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Mijin Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vichi A, Zhao Z, Mutahar M, Paolone G, Louca C. Translucency of Lithium-Based Silicate Glass-Ceramics Blocks for CAD/CAM Procedures: A Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6441. [PMID: 37834578 PMCID: PMC10573117 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Amid chairside CAD/CAM materials, the use of lithium-based silicate glass-ceramics (LSGC) has been steadily increasing. This review aims to report on the translucency of these materials and the variables used to measure it. An electronic search was performed within the PubMed database within the period between 2 June 2011 and 11 September 2022. English-language papers investigating the translucency of IPS e.max CAD, Celtra Duo, Suprinity PC, Initial LiSi Block, Amber Mill, N!ce, and CEREC Tessera LSGC CAD/blocks were included in the search strategy. After an initial retrieval of 160 papers, the application of exclusion criteria, and the screening of abstracts and then of full texts, 33 papers were included in the study. The retrieved materials, with different degrees of translucency (LT, HT), were IPS e.max CAD (n = 33), Suprinity PC (n = 8), and Celtra Duo (n = 1). Concerning the examined colors, the most used was A2 (n = 20), followed by A1 (n = 8) and A3 (n = 2). The translucency parameter (TP) was the most used method (n = 30) with respect to the contrast ratio (CR) (n = 11) to assess translucency. Five papers measured both. Several specimens' thicknesses (0.5-4 mm) were investigated, with 1 mm (n = 23) being the most frequently analyzed. While a general tendency could be identified, conflicting results among different papers were reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vichi
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK (C.L.)
| | - Zejiao Zhao
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK (C.L.)
| | - Mahdi Mutahar
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK (C.L.)
| | - Gaetano Paolone
- Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chris Louca
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu Z, Tian J, Wei D, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Di P. Effects of thickness and polishing treatment on the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:579. [PMID: 37598167 PMCID: PMC10440033 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials for prosthetic is gaining popularity in dentistry. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of thickness and roughening treatment on the optical properties of contemporary CAD-CAM restorative materials. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM materials in response to different thicknesses and roughening treatments. METHODS Six dental CAD-CAM materials, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, LS), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic, VE), resin-nano ceramic glass-ceramic (LAVA Ultimate, LU), polymethyl methacrylate (Telio CAD, TE), and two zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (VITA Suprinity, VS, and Celtra Duo, CD), in shade A2 were prepared as 12 × 12mm2 specimens of four thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm) (N = 240, n = 10). After three different treatments (polished, roughened by SiC P800-grit, and SiC P300-grit), the translucency parameter (TP00) and opalescence parameter (OP) were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The surface roughness was analyzed with a shape measurement laser microscope. The data were analyzed using a MANOVA, post hoc Tukey-Kramer test, the t test, and regression analysis (α = .05). RESULTS The TP00 and OP were significantly influenced by material type, thickness and roughening treatment (P < .05). TP00 showed a continues decline with increasing thicknesses, while the variations of OP were material-dependent. TP00 ranged from 37.80 (LS in 0.5mm) to 5.66 (VS in 2.0mm), and OP ranged from 5.66 (LU in 0.5mm) to 9.55 (VS in 0.5mm). The variations in TP00 of all materials between adjacent thicknesses ranged from 2.10 to 15.29, exceeding the acceptable translucency threshold except for LU. Quadratic and logarithmic regression curves exhibited the best fit for TP00 among the materials. Compared to polished specimens, rougher specimens exhibited lower TP00 and higher OP in all materials except for LS (P < 0.05). Roughening with P300-grit decreased TP00 and OP by an average of 2.59 and 0.43 for 0.5mm specimens, and 1.26 and 0.25 for 2.0mm specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Variations in translucency caused by thickness and roughening treatment were perceptible and may be clinically unacceptable. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of CAD-CAM materials based on their distinct optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Wu
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiehua Tian
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Donghao Wei
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ping Di
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cho MH, Seol HJ. Effect of High-Speed Sintering on the Optical Properties, Microstructure, and Phase Distribution of Multilayered Zirconia Stabilized with 5 mol% Yttria. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5570. [PMID: 37629861 PMCID: PMC10456241 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As dental 5 mol% yttria-stabilized (5Y-) zirconia demand high esthetics, it is necessary to clarify how the optical properties are affected by high-speed sintering, which is not yet fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of high-speed sintering on the translucency and opalescence parameters (TP and OP, respectively), as well as their related microstructure and phase distribution, using two types of multilayered 5Y-zirconia. Multilayered 5Y-zirconia (Cercon xt ML, Lava Esthetic) were cut layer-by-layer, followed by conventional and high-speed sintering. The TP and OP values were subsequently obtained using a spectrophotometer, and field emission scanning electron microscopy images were used to analyze the average grain size. The phase fractions were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Regardless of the zirconia type, the TP was slightly lowered by high-speed sintering in all the layers except the dentin layer (DL) for Lava Esthetic (p < 0.05). The OP decreased by high-speed sintering in the DL for Cercon xt ML and in all the layers for Lava Esthetic (p < 0.05). The decrease in translucency after high-speed sintering was attributed to a decrease in the yttria-rich t'-phase with low tetragonality, along with an increase in the yttria-lean t-phase with high tetragonality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Cho
- Department of Dental Lab, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Joung Seol
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Queiroz ME, Maluly-Proni AT, Tsutsumi MSC, Dallazen E, de Castro-Hoshino LV, de Souza M, Baesso ML, Dos Santos PH. Influence of thickness and degree of opacity of lithium disilicate on the degree of conversion and bond strength of resin cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105934. [PMID: 37257313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of various opacities and thicknesses of lithium disilicate on the degree of conversion (DC) of two resin cements and on their bond strength (BS) to the ceramic. Two hundred and forty ceramic samples of lithium disilicate with high translucency (HT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO) were obtained from IPS e. max CAD in five different thicknesses. Light-cured and dual-cured resin cements were used for DC (n = 9) and BS (n = 8). Cement samples were light-cured under ceramic samples and analyzed using a Raman confocal spectrometer to determine the DC. For BS, resin cement cylinders were fabricated using ceramic samples which were thsen subjected to a microshear bond strength test. The mean values were provided for statistical analysis. The increase in thickness resulted in a decrease in DC for both cements under all experimental conditions, but only affected the BS of the light-cured cement for the MO ceramic. Comparing the opacities, the most translucent ceramics with particular thicknesses exhibited higher DC values than the less translucent ceramics. The LT and MO ceramics with certain thicknesses exhibited the highest BS values than the HT. The dual-cured cement generally showed highest values in both analyses than the light-cured cement. A thicker and more opaque ceramic material can reduce the DC of the cement. The BS decreases with the increasing thickness of the more-opaque ceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Elias Queiroz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Maluly-Proni
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sati Cantalejo Tsutsumi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Dallazen
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Monique de Souza
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry - UofT, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mekled S, Elwazeer S, Jurado CA, White J, Faddoul F, Afrashtehfar KI, Fischer NG. Ultra-Translucent Zirconia Laminate Veneers: The Influence of Restoration Thickness and Stump Tooth-Shade. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3030. [PMID: 37109865 PMCID: PMC10145317 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the final shade of translucent zirconia laminate veneers with varying thicknesses over teeth with different shades. Seventy-five chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) shade A1 third-generation zirconia dental veneers, with thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.75 mm, and 1.00 mm, were placed on resin composite teeth with shades ranging from A1 to A4. The laminate veneers were divided into groups based on thickness and background shade. All restorations were evaluated with a color imaging spectrophotometer, to map the veneer surface from A1 to D4. Regardless of the thickness or background shade, all dental veneers showed color alteration from the original shade. Veneers with 0.5 mm thickness tended to display the B1 shade, while veneers with 0.75 mm and 1.0 mm thickness primarily exhibited the B2 shade. The thickness of the laminate veneer and background shade significantly modified the original shade of the zirconia veneer. One-way analysis of variance was performed and a Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the significance between the three veneer thicknesses groups. The results indicated that the thinner restorations showed higher values with the color imaging spectrophotometer, suggesting that thinner veneers may result in more consistent color matching. This study underscores the importance of carefully considering thickness and background shade when selecting zirconia laminate veneers, to ensure optimal color matching and overall aesthetic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Mekled
- Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Salma Elwazeer
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Carlos A. Jurado
- The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James White
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Faddy Faddoul
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Evidence-Based Practice Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman College of Dentistry, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, AE, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, BE, Switzerland
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman City P.O. Box 346, AE, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicholas G. Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Translucency of CAD/CAM and Printable Composite Materials for Permanent Dental Restorations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061443. [PMID: 36987234 PMCID: PMC10053127 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the translucency of CAD/CAM and printable composite materials for fixed dental prostheses (FDP). Eight A3 composite materials (7 CAD/CAM and 1 printable) for FPD were used to prepare a total of 150 specimens. CAD/CAM materials, all characterized by two different opacity levels, were: Tetric CAD (TEC) HT/MT; Shofu Block HC (SB) HT/LT; Cerasmart (CS) HT/LT; Brilliant Crios (BC) HT/LT; Grandio Bloc (GB) HT/LT; Lava Ultimate (LU) HT/LT, Katana Avencia (KAT) LT/OP. The printable system was Permanent Crown Resin. 1.0 mm-thick specimens were cut from commercial CAD/CAM blocks using a water-cooled diamond saw, or 3D printed. Measurements were performed using a benchtop spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Contrast Ratio (CR), Translucency Parameter (TP), and Translucency Parameter 00 (TP00) were calculated. One Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test for post hoc were performed for each of the translucency system. The tested materials exhibited a wide range of translucency values. CR ranged from 59 to 84, TP from 15.75 to 8.96, TP00 from 12.47 to 6.31. KAT(OP) and CS(HT) showed, respectively, the lowest and highest translucency for CR, TP and TP00. Due to the significant range of reported translucency values, clinicians should exercise caution when choosing the most appropriate material, especially considering factors such as substrate masking, and the necessary clinical thickness.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dolve E, Ben-Izhack G, Meirowitz A, Erel H, Rosner O, Biadsee A, Lugassy D, Shely A. The Light Reflection Changes of Monolithic Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate after Using Two External Staining Kits following by Thermocycling. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2057. [PMID: 36903172 PMCID: PMC10004587 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes of light reflection% on two materials (monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate) after using two external staining kits following by thermocycling. METHODS Specimens were sectioned from monolithic zirconia (n = 60) and lithium disilicate (n = 60) then divided into six groups (n = 20). Two different types of external staining kits were used and applied to the specimens. The light reflection% was measured before staining, after staining and after thermocycling using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS The light reflection% of zirconia was significantly higher compared to lithium disilicate at the beginning of the study (p = 0.005), after staining with kit 1 (p = 0.005) and kit 2 (p = 0.005) and after thermocycling (p = 0.005). For both materials, the light reflection% was lower after staining with Kit 1 compared to kit 2 (p < 0.043). After thermocycling, the light reflection% of lithium disilicate increased (p = 0.027) and was unchanged with Zirconia (p = 0.527). CONCLUSIONS There is a difference between the materials regarding light reflection% as the monolithic zirconia showed higher light reflection% comparing lithium disilicate throughout the entire experiment. For lithium disilicate, we recommend using kit 1 as we found that, after thermocycling, the light reflection% of kit 2 was increased.
Collapse
|
24
|
Schweiger J, Erdelt KJ, Graf T, Sciuk T, Edelhoff D, Güth JF. The Fracture Load as a Function of the Material Thickness: The Key to Computing the Strength of Monolithic All-Ceramic Materials? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1997. [PMID: 36903110 PMCID: PMC10004144 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The thickness of a material has a significant impact on its fracture load. The aim of the study was to find and describe a mathematical relationship between the material thickness and the fracture load for dental all-ceramics. In total, 180 specimens were prepared from a leucite silicate ceramic (ESS), a lithium disilicate ceramic (EMX), and a 3Y-TZP zirconia ceramic (LP) in five thicknesses (0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 mm; n = 12). The fracture load of all specimens was determined using the biaxial bending test according to the DIN EN ISO 6872. The regression analyses for the linear, quadratic, and cubic curve characteristics of the materials were conducted, and the cubic regression curves showed the best correlation (coefficients of determination (R2): ESS R2 = 0.974, EMX R2 = 0.947, LP R2 = 0.969) for the fracture load values as a function of the material thickness. A cubic relationship could be described for the materials investigated. Applying the cubic function and material-specific fracture-load coefficients, the respective fracture load values can be calculated for the individual material thicknesses. These results help to improve and objectify the estimation of the fracture loads of restorations, to enable a more patient- and indication-centered situation-dependent material choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Schweiger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kurt-Jürgen Erdelt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Sciuk
- Thomas Sciuk, Private Practice Dr Thomas Sciuk, Prinzregentenstrasse 8, 86150 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Edelhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Frederik Güth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Venturini AB, Dapieve KS, de Kok P, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF, Kleverlaan CJ. Effect of the region of the CAD/CAM block on the flexural strength and structural reliability of restorative materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105597. [PMID: 36459706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the region (internal or external) of the CAD/CAM block influences the mechanical performance of restorative materials. Blocks of different CAD/CAM materials (Composites: KAV - Katana Avencia; LULT - LULT Ultimate; Ceramics: ENAM - Vita Enamic; NICE - N!CE; EMP - IPS Empress CAD; VMII - Vita Mark II; EMAX - IPS e.max CAD) were selected, and direct resin composite blocks (APX - Clearfil AP-X; FSUP - Filtek Supreme) were built using the incremental technique on a mold from one of the CAD/CAM blocks. All blocks were sectioned into bar-shaped specimens (1 × 1 × 14 mm), which were separated into two groups according to the region of the block (inside or outside). 3-point bending tests were performed following ISO 6872:2015 and flexural strength data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Weibull module and characteristic strength were also calculated. In general, the mean flexural strength values were not statistically different (p > 0.05) between the inside and outside regions of each material, except for LULT (inside > outside) and EMAX (outside > inside). Comparing the materials, a similar strength (only discrete variations) was observed for inside, outside or merged (inside and outside data assembled together) regions: EMAX > KAV = LULT > NICE = APX > EMP = ENAM = VMII ≥ FSUP (merged condition). Characteristic strength at 63.2% failure probability and at 5% failure probability generally corroborates such observations. There were no statistical differences for Weibull module data (inside, outside, or merged), except for KAV and NICE (outside > inside). Thus, the region from where the restoration is milled within the CAD/CAM block generally does not influence the mechanical performance hereof (flexural strength, failure probability, risk of premature failures, and mechanical reliability) of the material, except for LULT and EMAX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Borin Venturini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Paul de Kok
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kanout C. Evaluation of the Translucency Properties for CAD/CAM Full Ceramic Crowns Fabricated From Glass Ceramics (E.max) or High Translucency Zirconia (Lava Plus): A Clinical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34935. [PMID: 36938259 PMCID: PMC10019550 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nowadays, cosmetic demands are the first reason to visit dental clinic. However, most ceramic prostheses need an excessive removal of the dental structure, whether for full crowns or veneer preparation. With the innovation in ceramic materials, high translucent zirconia that demands minimal preparation with high aesthetic results was used for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Full ceramic crown fabrication. The objective of this study was to compare the translucency properties of CAD/CAM full ceramic crowns fabricated from glass ceramics (E.max) and high translucency zirconia (Lava plus, 3M EPSE). Material and methods The sample consisted of 60 full ceramic crowns divided into two groups; the first group consisted of 30 IPS E.max CAD/CAM full ceramic crowns, while the second one consisted of 30 high translucent zirconia CAD/CAM full ceramic crowns. Translucency for both groups was evaluated directly after cementation by observing the blue light passing through the prostheses. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to study the difference in translucency between the two study groups. Results IPS E.max CAD showed a higher translucency compared to lava plus high translucency zirconia; in addition, this difference was statistically significant (p=0.028). Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, we found that the translucency of dental ceramic was affected by the ceramic material. As IPS E.max CAD was significantly higher in terms of translucency compared to High Translucent Zirconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaza Kanout
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kang S, Ryu SY, Kim KM, Park SH. Effect of thickness on the translucency of resin-based composites and glass-ceramics. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:30-41. [PMID: 36244738 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of thickness (1, 2, 3, and 4 mm) on the translucency of resin-based composites (RBCs) and glass-ceramics, and compare the influence of the thickness of those materials on the translucency parameter (TP) value. The materials were divided into two groups, eight RBCs in Group 1 and five glass-ceramics in Group 2 and TP, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* were compared. Statistically significant differences were present in the 2, 3, and 4 mm in the TP, in the 2 and 4 mm in ΔL*, and in all thicknesses in Δa* and Δb* betweent the two groups. The TP of RBCs and glass-ceramics decreased as thickness increased, especially from 1 mm to 2 mm. The TP values of the RBCs were more significantly decreased as the thickness of the material increased from 2 mm to 4 mm than those of the glass-ceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Kang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Seung-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Toma FR, Porojan SD, Vasiliu RD, Porojan L. The Effect of Polishing, Glazing, and Aging on Optical Characteristics of Multi-Layered Dental Zirconia with Different Degrees of Translucency. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020068. [PMID: 36826868 PMCID: PMC9967825 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Considering that the appearance of a dental material is an important factor that contributes to the success of prosthetic restorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optical properties and color changes among the layers of three commercial zirconias, to compare the aspect of the polished and glazed surfaces before and after aging and to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal degradation on their aesthetics. (2) Methods: Forty-eight plate-shaped samples were sectioned from presintered blocks of each multilayer translucent zirconia with different Yttrium content: Ceramill Zolid fx ML (5 mol%) = CeZ, STML (4 mol%) = STM, IPS e.maxZirCAD CEREC/in Lab MT Multi (4 mol% + 5 mol%) = IPZ. The samples were sintered according to the recommendation of each manufacturer, and half (24) of them were polished and the other half (24) glazed on one of the surfaces. Each type was equally divided into one control and one aging group, and, for each material, this resulted in four groups (n = 12): polished-control, polished-autoclaved glazed-control, and glazed-autoclaved. The artificial aging was carried out with an autoclave and distilled water at 134 °C, 0.2 MPa for 1 h, and for optical parameters (TP, CR, OP) and color change (ΔE*) measurements on a black and white background in a CIE L*a*b* color system, a spectrophotometer was used. The specimens were evaluated in incisal, cervical, and medium areas on polished and glazed samples before and after the aging stage. Statistical analysis was achieved with a two-way ANOVA test, the unpaired t-test, and the paired t-test. (3) Results: Before and after aging, the mean TP values for polished samples were higher than the glazed ones. After aging, the mean TP values increased for all groups (except polished CeZ), and significant differences were reported for polished STM, IPZ. After LTD, the opalescence registered an increase for almost all groups (except polished CeZ, polished and glazed IPZ-medium area), and significant differences were reported for almost all groups (except STM-incisal, IPZ-cervical, medium areas). The levels of color change were between extremely slight to perceivable. (4) Conclusions: Optical properties of the selected multilayer zirconia were influenced by polishing and glazing as surface treatment and affected by artificial aging (CeZ the least); perceivable color changes for polished STM, IPZ were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Roxana Toma
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Daniel Porojan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee WF, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Peng PW. Effect of thickness of externally characterized stains on optical properties of high-translucency zirconia. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:165-171. [PMID: 36125622 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is insufficient information about the effects of the thickness of externally characterized stains or glazes on CIELAB color parameters and the translucency parameter (TP) of 5 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ). The present study evaluated the effect of a thickness reduction of the externally characterized or glazed layer on its CIE2000 color parameters and TP00 of 5Y-PSZ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight specimens were sectioned from 5Y-PSZ blanks. Three brands of powdered stains (namely VI, SH, and IV) and a glaze (GL) were used to extrinsically stain the specimen surfaces (n = 7 per group). After measuring the final thickness and color, specimens of each group were carefully ground and finally polished. The reduced thickness was carefully controlled in decrements of 0.02 mm on the characterized stains or glazed layers at each reduction cycle until the surface of the un-stained zirconia was exposed. The CIELAB color parameters of specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer. Subsequently, differences in lightness (∆L'), chroma (∆C'), and hue (∆H'), and TP00 values and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula to determine differences between the specimen and the un-stained zirconia at each reduction cycle. A paired-samples t-test, two-way mixed-design analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS There were no significant differences in lightness, chroma, hue, or TP00 values before or after glazing or after each reduction cycle of the glazed layer. Mean ΔE00 values ranged between 20.94 and 33.55 after applying the externally characterized stains. With a decreased thickness of the characterized stain layer, there were observed that significant decreases in ∆L', ∆H', ∆C', and ΔE00, and significant increases in TP00. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the thickness of externally characterized stains decreased the lightness and caused the alternation of chroma and hue, whereas these phenomena were not observed in the glazed group. There was a slight change of CIE2000 color parameters and TP00 when the thickness of the characterized layer exceeded 0.06 mm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The application and thickness of externally characterized stains can sensitively affect CIE2000 color parameters and translucency of 5Y-PSZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Lee
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- School of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Naohiko Iwasaki
- School of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Pei-Wen Peng
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Supornpun N, Oster M, Phasuk K, Chu TMG. Effects of shade and thickness on the translucency parameter of anatomic-contour zirconia, transmitted light intensity, and degree of conversion of the resin cement. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:213-219. [PMID: 34116838 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Anatomic-contour zirconia prostheses are usually cemented with resin cement. However, information regarding the effects of the zirconia shade and thicknesses on the translucency of the prosthesis, the intensity of the transmitted light beneath the prosthesis, and the subsequent degree of conversion in the resin cement is sparse. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the translucency parameter in 3 anatomic-contour zirconia specimens of 2 shades at 5 different thicknesses and to investigate the transmitted light intensity and degree of conversion of the resin cement beneath the ceramic specimens by using a traditional zirconia and a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic as controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ceramic specimens from 1 anatomic-contour zirconia in a generic shade (CAP FZ) and 2 anatomic-contour zirconias in A2 shade (Zirlux and Luxisse) were used. Lithium disilicate in HT A2 shade (IPS e.max CAD) and traditional zirconia in a generic shade (CAP QZ) were used as controls. A total of 125 ceramic specimens (n=25) were fabricated to a final specimen dimension of 12×12 mm and in thicknesses of 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0 mm according to the manufacturers' recommendations. The CIELab color space for all specimens placed against a white and black background was measured with a spectrophotometer (CM-2600D), and the translucency parameters were calculated for the materials at various thicknesses. A light-polymerizing unit (DEMI LED) was used to polymerize the resin cement (Variolink II) placed beneath the ceramic specimens. Transmitted light intensity from the polymerization unit beneath the ceramic specimens was measured by using a spectrophotometer (MARC Resin Calibrator), and the transmittance of each specimen was calculated. The coefficient of absorption of each material was calculated from the regression analysis between the natural log of transmittance and specimen thickness. The degree of conversion of resin cement was measured by using a Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA (α=.05). The relationship between the transmittance and the translucency parameter was evaluated by plotting the transmittance against the translucency parameter value of each specimen. RESULTS The translucency parameter decreased with increasing thickness in all 5 material groups. All anatomic-contour zirconia had lower translucency parameters than e.max CAD (P<.001). The same results were found for the intensity of the transmitted light (P<.001). Both A2 shade anatomic-contour zirconia (Zirlux and Luxisse) showed significantly lower light transmittance than a generic shade anatomic-contour zirconia (CAP FZ) (P<.001). The coefficients of absorption were found to range from 0.63 to 1.72 mm-1, and reflectance from 0.10 to 0.25. The results from the degree of conversion of resin cement after polymerization through 1 to 2 mm of specimens showed a significantly higher degree of conversion in the e.max group than in all other groups (P<.001). The correlation between translucency parameter and the intensity of the transmitted light suggested that the relationship was shade dependent. CONCLUSIONS The translucency parameter and the transmitted light intensity of ceramic material were influenced by the type of ceramic and the shade and thickness of the ceramic. The combined effects of layer thickness and the intensity of the transmitted light in the A2 shade anatomic-contour zirconia (Zirlux and Luxisse) resulted in a lower degree of conversion in resin cement than in a generic shade anatomic-contour zirconia (CAP FZ) at layer thicknesses of 1.75 and 2 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noppamath Supornpun
- Resident, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Molly Oster
- Dental student, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Kamolphob Phasuk
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park JH, Bang HJ, Choi NH, Park EJ. Translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia; comparison with conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:324-333. [PMID: 36452362 PMCID: PMC9672692 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.5.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia compared to conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three types of zirconia blocks with different yttria contents (3Y, 4Y, 5.5Y) and LS blocks (Rosetta SM) were used. Ten specimens for each group were fabricated with 10 mm diameter, with both 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (± 0.02 mm). All groups of zirconia specimens were sintered and polished according to the manufacturer's instructions. To calculate the translucency parameter (TP), CIELAB value was measured with a spectrophotometer on black and white backgrounds. To investigate the color masking abilities, background shades of A2, normal dentin, discolored dentin, and titanium were used. The color difference (ΔE) was calculated with the CIELAB values of A2 shade background as a reference compared with the values in the various backgrounds. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were conducted (P < .05). RESULTS The TP values of zirconia specimens increased as the yttria content increased. All materials used in the study were able to adequately mask normal dentin shade (ΔE < 5.5), but were incapable of masking severely discolored dentin (ΔE > 5.5). On the titanium background, all materials of 1.5 mm thickness were able to mask the background shade, but with a thickness of 0.8 mm, only 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ were able to mask titanium background. CONCLUSION All zirconia materials and lithium disilicate specimens used in this study were unable to adequately mask the shade of severely discolored dentin. It is recommended to use 3Y-TZP or 4Y-PSZ with a sufficient thickness of 0.8 mm or more to mask titanium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hee Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nak-Hyun Choi
- Yonsei Design Dental Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
da Silva AO, Fiorin L, Faria ACL, Ribeiro RF, Rodrigues RCS. Translucency and mechanical behavior of partially stabilized monolithic zirconia after staining, finishing procedures and artificial aging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16094. [PMID: 36167885 PMCID: PMC9515067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) has been widely used to manufacture indirect monolithic restorations, and the effect of finishing procedures on the optical and mechanical properties of these materials are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of staining, polishing and glazing on surface roughness, crystalline phase content, microhardness, fracture toughness, dynamic elastic modulus, three-point flexural strength, strain distribution, color (∆E00/∆L/∆a/∆b), and translucency before and after artificial accelerated aging (water spray and ultraviolet) of 5Y-PSZ. Bar-shaped and rectangle-shaped specimens of the 5Y-PSZ were prepared and divided into six groups, according to finishing procedure: GC (control), GS (staining), GG (glazing), GSG (staining and glazing), GP (polishing), GSP (staining and polishing). There was a significant difference between groups for surface roughness (p < 0.05), dynamic elastic modulus (p = 0.007), microhardness (p = < 0.05), ∆E00 (p = 0.010), and ∆a (p = 0.008). GC presented higher cubic phase content, and the stained groups (GS, GSG and GSP) presented higher monoclinic content. The different finishing procedures affected roughness, dynamic elastic modulus, microhardness, and color of 5Y-PSZ; polishing being the finish that provides minors changes to the 5Y- PSZ. Accelerated artificial aging caused color change, regardless of finishing procedure used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Fiorin
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Claudia Lapria Faria
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Han SH, Shimada Y, Sadr A, Tagami J, Tabata T, Nakagawa H, Yang SE. Effects of Material Thickness and Pretreatment on the Interfacial Gap of Translucent Zirconia Restorations with Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Oper Dent 2022; 47:535-548. [DOI: 10.2341/21-024-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose
The first objective was to determine if the dual-curing of self-adhesive resin cement (SAC) with reduced light penetrating through zirconia had an effect on interfacial gap of zirconia restorations. The second purpose was to examine whether pretreatment methods for universal adhesive affected interfacial gap. The last aim was to compare the microhardness of SAC polymerized under different zirconia thicknesses.
Methods and Materials
This study evaluated self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) after different pretreatment with universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) under different polymerization conditions. CAD/CAM inlay cavities were prepared on extracted third molars. Translucent zirconia restorations were milled using Katana UTML (Kuraray). The teeth were divided into three groups: Groups I, II, and III in which the restoration thicknesses were 1, 2, and 3 mm. Each Group had three subgroups according to different pretreatment methods. For subgroup-1, no pretreatment was done on the prepared cavity. For subgroup-2, universal adhesive was applied and light-cured before cement placement (precure method). For subgroup-3, universal adhesive was applied; however, light-curing was done after cement placement (cocure method). After thermo-cycling, the interfacial gap at the restoration-tooth interface was investigated using swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging. Finally, microhardness was measured for SAC under different zirconia thicknesses. For statistical analysis, the interfacial gap was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the effect of cavity depth and pretreatment. In terms of each cavity depth and pretreatment, the interfacial gap was compared using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s test. One-way ANOVA was also performed for comparison of the Vickers hardness results.
Results
Different thicknesses of the restoration resulted in differences in interfacial gaps except between the precure method of Groups I and II (p<0.05). The effect of universal adhesive pretreatment was different depending on the restoration thickness with exceptions in Groups I and III (p<0.05). Vickers hardness number decreased as the low radiant exposure of light was applied (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Interfacial gap of zirconia restorations can differ depending on the material thickness, pretreatment, and activation mode. Reduced light intensity penetrating through zirconia may lead to higher interfacial gap percentage and lower microhardness of the self-adhesive resin cement. Application of a universal adhesive showed similar or reduced interfacial gaps in the cement space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Han
- Seung-Hoon Han, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, St Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Y Shimada
- Yasushi Shimada, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - A Sadr
- Alireza Sadr, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington
| | - J Tagami
- Junji Tagami, DDS, PhD, professor emeritus, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - T Tabata
- Tomoko Tabata, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - H Nakagawa
- Hisaichi Nakagawa, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - S-E Yang
- *Sung-Eun Yang, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alfouzan AF, Alnafaiy SM, Alsaleh LS, Bawazir NH, Al-Otaibi HN, Taweel SMA, Alshehri HA, Labban N. Effects of background color and thickness on the optical properties of CAD-CAM resin-matrix ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:497.e1-497.e9. [PMID: 35864022 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information regarding the masking ability of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) resin-matrix ceramic materials with different compositions is scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of background color and thickness on the optical properties (color and translucency) of CAD-CAM resin-matrix ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve rectangular specimens were fabricated at a different thickness (1, 1.5, and 2 mm) (n=12) from each of the resin-matrix ceramic materials: Shofu block (SB), Lava Ultimate (LU), CERASMART (CS), VITA ENAMIC (VE), Crystal Ultra (CU), and the VITABLOCS Mark II feldspathic ceramic (VB). The color of the specimens over amalgam, titanium, enamel, and dentin backgrounds was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the color differences (ΔE∗ab) were calculated by using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 76 formula. The difference in color of the specimen over the black and white backgrounds was used to calculate the translucency parameter (TP). ANOVA was used to statistically test whether material, background, and thicknesses influenced ΔE∗ab and TP values. Post hoc comparisons were performed to determine the significant difference among the groups (α=.05). RESULTS The interaction with 2 between factors demonstrated that the material was a factor that significantly influenced ΔE∗ab (P<.001). The highest mean ±standard deviation of ΔE∗ab was recorded in the combination of VB material and 2-mm thickness (1.84 ±0.37), and the lowest with CS material with 1.5-mm thickness (0.47 ±0.24). The type of material and specimen thickness significantly influenced TP (P<.001). The highest and lowest mean ±standard deviation of TP were recorded for the 1-mm-thick CS (14.20 ±0.90) and 2-mm-thick SB (4.91 ±0.42) specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CERASMART resin-matrix ceramic and VITABLOCS Mark II feldspathic ceramic exhibited high and low masking abilities over the investigated background substrates, respectively. However, irrespective of the thickness, all study materials exhibited acceptable masking abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan F Alfouzan
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah M Alnafaiy
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama S Alsaleh
- Dental Intern, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor H Bawazir
- Dental Intern, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan N Al-Otaibi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M Al Taweel
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A Alshehri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Labban
- Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Soares PM, Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Packaeser MG, Bacchi A, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR, Rippe MP. Masking ability of implant abutment substrates by using different ceramic restorative systems. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:496.e1-496.e8. [PMID: 35985853 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information regarding the masking ability of ceramic crowns over different implant abutment materials is scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the masking ability of different monolithic or bilayer ceramic materials with different thicknesses over substrates indicated for implant restorations by using opaque and translucent evaluation pastes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens, shade A1 (VITA Classic; Ø10×1.5 to 2.5 mm), of different ceramics (a bilayer system [yttria-stabilized zirconia infrastructure+porcelain veneer: Zir+Pc] and monolithic systems [lithium disilicate under low, medium, or high translucency: LtLD, MtLD, or HtLD, respectively, and a high-translucent yttria-stabilized zirconia: HtZir]) were made (n=4). The color difference (ΔE00) was assessed by using the CIEDE2000 formula and considering the different ceramic systems over 5 implant abutment materials (A1 shade Zir [Zir A1]; white Zir [White Zir]; A1 low-translucency lithium disilicate [LD]; polyetheretherketone [PEEK]; and titanium [Ti]) when using 2 different evaluation pastes (translucent or opaque). The control comparison was the restorative material positioned over the Zir A1 substrate with a translucent evaluation paste. Statistical analysis was made by using a 2-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05) for ΔE00 data considering the restorative material and luting agent factors as their association. Additionally, ΔE00 data were qualitatively analyzed considering the acceptability and perceptibility thresholds. The translucency parameter (TP00) of each restorative material was evaluated, and data were submitted to 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS The most predictable masking ability was seen with Zir+Pc regardless of the evaluation paste used. Nevertheless, under 1.5-mm thickness, Zir+Pc did not adequately mask Ti (ΔE00>1.77). Most monolithic ceramics did not mask discolored substrates (PEEK or Ti, ΔE00>1.77). The exception was HtZir, which presented acceptable masking ability over PEEK at 2.5-mm thickness with both evaluation pastes (ΔE00<1.77). Regardless of the restorative material thickness, Zir+Pc showed the lowest (P<.05) TP00 values (TP00=3.45 at 1.5-mm thickness; TP00=2.00 at 2.5-mm thickness), and HtLD presented the highest (P<.05, TP00=23.50 at 1.5-mm thickness; TP00=13.36 at 2.5-mm thickness). HtZir showed similar TP00 to MtLD at 1.5-mm thickness and similar TP00 to Zir+Pc when used at 2.5-mm thickness (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Monolithic ceramics should be used with caution over discolored implant abutments. Bilayer systems (Zir+Pc) were the most predictable approach to adequately masking discolored substrates such as PEEK or Ti. An increased restoration thickness provided higher masking ability for all restorative materials tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Machado Soares
- PhD student, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- PhD student, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- Graduate student, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Atais Bacchi
- Professor, MSciD Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Adjunct Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- Associate Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang YJ, Chu TMG, Lin WS. Translucency parameter and color masking ability of CAD/CAM denture base materials against metal substrates. J Prosthodont 2022; 32:61-67. [PMID: 35929188 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the translucency parameters of traditional, milled, and 3D-printed denture base materials at 3 different thicknesses and the color masking ability of each material against a metallic background between different thicknesses. MATERIAL AND METHODS A traditional heat-polymerizing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (H-Lucitone) material was used as the control group. Two milled pre-polymerized resin blocks (M-Lucitone and IvoBase) and five 3D-printed denture base materials (P-Lucitone, Dentca LP, Dentca OP, Formlabs, and Kulzer) were used as experimental groups. A total of 240 samples, (n = 30, per material) were fabricated to a final specimen dimension of 12×12 mm and in thicknesses of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mm (n = 10 per thickness/material) according to the manufacturers' recommendations. The color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) in CIELab color space for all specimens placed against a white, black, and metallic background were measured with a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameters (TP00 ) at each thickness and the color differences between 1 mm and 2 mm (dE00M1-2 ) and between 2 mm and 3 mm (dE00M2-3 ) against the metallic background were calculated with the CIEDE2000 color matrix. Comparisons between the groups for differences in TP00 were made using One-way ANOVA separately for each thickness. Comparisons of groups and materials for differences in dE00M1-2 and dE00M2-3 were made using Two-way ANOVA and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences (α = .05). RESULTS The TP00 decreased with increasing thickness in all 8 material groups. All 3D-printed materials, except P-Lucitone, had higher TP00 than milled pre-polymerized resin materials (M-Lucitone and IvoBase), and traditional heat-polymerizing PMMA (H-Lucitone) material (P<.001) at all thicknesses. In the 1 mm and 2 mm thickness, heat-polymerizing acrylic resin (H-Lucitone) had the lowest TP00 , and in the 3 mm thickness, milled acrylic resin (M-Lucitone and IVOBase) had had lowest TP00 (P<.001). All material groups had significantly lower values of dE00M2-3 than dE00M1-2 (P<.001). The color differences dE00M2-3 were significantly lower in H-Lucitone, M-Lucitone, P-Lucitone, and IvoBase groups than in other materials, while the color difference of dE00M1-2 was significantly lower in H-Lucitone, P-Lucitone and Dentca LP than other materials (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study provide clinicians and dental technicians with information regarding the selection of denture base materials to achieve desired color masking outcomes, according to available prosthetic space. Thicker prostheses significantly improved the color masking abilities of denture acrylic resins against a metallic background. In a thickness of 1 and 2 mm, the heat-polymerizing acrylic resin had a lower translucency parameter and better color masking ability. When the prosthesis thickness reached 3 mm, the milled acrylic resin had a lower translucency parameter and better color masking ability. When compared to the heat-polymerizing resin and milled acrylic resin materials, except for one 3D-printing resin (P-Lucitone), the color masking abilities of the remaining 3D-printing resin materials were low, regardless of prosthesis thickness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Wang
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Professor, Associate Dean for Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Professor, Program Director, and Chair, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jeong JI, Shin HJ, Kwon YH, Seol HJ. Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties, Translucency, Opalescence, and Light Transmission Properties of Monolithic 4Y-TZP during Glazing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124357. [PMID: 35744423 PMCID: PMC9228759 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A standard cooling rate has not been established for glazing; therefore, the effects of the cooling rate on the properties of zirconia need to be evaluated to predict outcomes in clinical practice. 4Y-TZP glazed at three different cooling rates was analyzed to estimate the effect of cooling rate during glazing on the mechanical and optical properties. Hardness tests, field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, flexural strength measurement, and optical property evaluations were performed. When 4Y-TZP was glazed at a higher cooling rate (Cooling-1) than the normal cooling rate (Cooling-2), there was no significant difference in grain size, flexural strength, average transmittance, and translucency parameters. The hardness was slightly reduced. The opalescence parameter was reduced for the 2.03 mm thick specimens. When 4Y-TZP was glazed at a lower cooling rate (Cooling-3) than the normal cooling rate, there was no significant difference in hardness, grain size, flexural strength, and translucency parameters. In addition, the average transmittance and opalescence parameters were slightly reduced for the 0.52 and 2.03 mm specimens, respectively. The effects of the cooling rate during glazing on the mechanical and optical properties of 4Y-TZP appear to be minimal and clinically insignificant. Therefore, even if the cooling rate cannot be strictly controlled during glazing, the clinical outcomes will not be significantly affected.
Collapse
|
38
|
Translucency of a Dental Porcelain Mixed by Two Ceramic Slurry Methods: A Bayesian Comparison. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:6666931. [PMID: 35706455 PMCID: PMC9192194 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6666931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ceramics industry produces porcelain pastes using a controlled ratio of water and porcelain powder. Two methods are used to produce a dental porcelain paste: one-step mixing or incremental mixing. Objective To evaluate the optical properties of a feldspathic dental ceramic using two different ceramic paste preparation methods using a Bayesian approach. Materials and Methods Two groups of feldspathic porcelain discs, an incremental mixing group (n = 40) and a one-step mixing group (n = 40), were assessed. Groups were evaluated using spectrophotometry, and the translucency parameter (TP) of each sample was calculated. Surfaces were characterized by AFM and SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using a Bayesian approach. Results Translucency parameter values of the incremental mixing group ranged from 1.65 to 3.41, while values for the one-step mixing group ranged from 3.62 to 5.74, this difference being statistically significant. The lowest roughness was obtained on the surface of discs in the one-step mixing group. Conclusions Feldspathic porcelain with lower translucency and higher roughness was obtained using the incremental mixture method.
Collapse
|
39
|
Load-to-Failure Resistance and Optical Characteristics of Nano-Lithium Disilicate Ceramic after Different Aging Processes. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15114011. [PMID: 35683309 PMCID: PMC9182075 DOI: 10.3390/ma15114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the load-to-failure resistance and optical properties of nano-lithium disilicate (NLD) with lithium disilicate (LDS) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) in different aging processes. Thirty crowns were milled from NLD, LDS, and ZLS (n = 10). All crowns were subjected to thermomechanical aging and loaded until catastrophic failure. Ten specimens from each material were prepared in two different thicknesses (0.7 mm and 1.5 mm, n = 5), and color coordinates were measured before and after coffee thermocycling. Color differences (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP) were calculated. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Bonferroni-corrected t-tests (α = 0.05). ZLS had the highest load-to-failure resistance (p ≤ 0.002), while the difference between LDS and NLD was nonsignificant (p = 0.776). The interaction between material type and thickness affected ΔE00 (p < 0.001). Among the 0.7 mm thick specimens, ZLS had the lowest ΔE00 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 1.5 mm thick ZLS had lower ΔE00 than that of 1.5 mm thick LDS (p = 0.036). Other than ZLS (p = 0.078), 0.7 mm thick specimens had higher ΔE00 (p < 0.001). The interaction between material type, thickness, and thermocycling affected RTP (p < 0.001). Thinner specimens presented higher RTP (p < 0.001). NLD and LDS had higher RTP than ZLS (p ≤ 0.036). However, 0.7 mm thick specimens had similar RTP after coffee thermocycling (p ≥ 0.265). Coffee thermocycling reduced the RTP values of 0.7 mm thick NLD (p = 0.032) and LDS (p = 0.008). NLD may endure the occlusal forces present in the posterior region. However, long-term coffee consumption may impair the esthetics of restorations particularly when thin NLD is used.
Collapse
|
40
|
Aydın N, Karao˘glano˘glu S, Kılıçarslan MA, Oktay EA, Ersöz B. Effect of Wet and Dry Polishing Conditions by Two Finishing and Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Color Changes of Two Composite Resin Restoratives: An In Vitro Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068221084448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of wet and dry polishing systems on the resin composites’ surface roughness and color change. Materials and Methods: In the study, samples were prepared using nanoceramic (Ceram.x one) and nanohybrid (GrandioSO) resin composites. Two different finishing and polishing systems were used in the polishing of resin composites. Resin composite surfaces were finished and polished under wet and dry conditions. The initial surface roughness values (Ra) of the samples were measured using a profilometer, whereas the color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer. Then, the colors of the samples kept in coffee were measured on the 7th and 30th days. Surface roughness and color change values (ΔE00) were measured and statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test ( P < .05). Results: Wet or dry use of polishing systems did not show a statistically significant difference between the surface roughness values of the resin composite ( P < .05). Wet and dry use of polishing systems showed similar color changes on the composite resins ( P < .05). Diamond-containing spirals on composite resins showed statistically less color change than aluminum-oxide-containing discs ( P < .05). Wet or dry use of polishing systems did not reduce the color change of the composite resins below the acceptability threshold (AT). Conclusion: Wet or dry use of polishing systems on composite resins did not affect surface roughness and color change. The use of diamond-containing polishing spirals that cause less color change can increase clinical success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Numan Aydın
- Department of Restorative Dental
Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik,
Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Karao˘glano˘glu
- Department of Restorative Dental
Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik,
Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Aybala Oktay
- Department of Restorative Dental
Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik,
Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Ersöz
- Department of Restorative Dental
Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik,
Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
An In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Effect of Artificial Aging on Translucency, Contrast Ratio, and Color of Zirconia Dental Ceramic at Different Sintering Levels. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands for aesthetically pleasing dental restorations have promoted the use of materials that display superior optical properties. Zirconia-based all-ceramic systems have good optical properties, thus providing the desired esthetics for dental restorations. The altered oral conditions impact the physical properties of these materials. Multiple studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of aging on the mechanical properties of computerized-aided design and computerized-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-based zirconia; however, there is a scarcity of literature discussing the effect of aging on change in translucency, contrast ratio, and color. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of accelerated artificial aging on translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and color of CAD/CAM zirconia at different sintering temperatures. Twenty-eight rectangular-shaped specimens were obtained by CAD/CAM milling of zirconia blank. Sintering of the samples was carried out at four different temperatures 1350 °C, 1400 °C, 1450 °C, and 1500 °C, respectively. Thermocycling of the samples was performed in a thermocycler. TP, CR, and color evaluation of all the samples was done again using a Spectrophotometer. Data acquired were statistically evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test. The highest amount of change in TP was recorded for specimens sintered at 1400 °C (1.86), whereas the least change was attributed to 1350 °C (0.51). The highest change in CR was observed in specimens sintered at 1500 °C (0.0971), and the least change in CR was observed at 1450 °C (0.0086). The highest ΔE values were recorded for 1400 °C against both white (1.86) and black background (2.17), whereas the least change was attributed to 1350 °C against white (0.86) and against a black background (1.41). The changes in TP were significant, but CR did not show any significant change. ΔE values for all the experimental groups were significant, but were below the clinically perceptible range. An increase in sintering temperature increased the translucency.
Collapse
|
42
|
Comba A, Paolone G, Baldi A, Vichi A, Goracci C, Bertozzi G, Scotti N. Effects of Substrate and Cement Shade on the Translucency and Color of CAD/CAM Lithium-Disilicate and Zirconia Ceramic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1778. [PMID: 35566944 PMCID: PMC9101095 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of substrate and cement shades on the translucency and color of lithium-disilicate and zirconia CAD/CAM materials. Two light-cured resin cements (RelyX Veneer Cement; 3M; Choice 2 Veneer Cement; Bisco Dental) with a standardized thickness (0.1 mm) were tested in combination with two different monolithic CAD/CAM materials (E-Max CAD (LI2SI2O5); Ivoclar Vivadent; Katana (ZrO2); Kuraray-Noritake Dental) on two different colored composite substrates used as a dentin (Filtek Supreme XTE; 3M); for a total of 12 combinations (n = 10). The specimens’ color was measured with a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade; MHT). Measurements were taken using the CIELAB color coordinate system (L*a*b*) against black and white backgrounds. L*a*b* values were statistically analyzed for the variables Substrate, Ceramic, and Cement by applying a Three-Way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Test for post-hoc comparison (p < 0.05). Translucency Parameter (TP) and Constant Ratio (CR) were assessed to evaluate translucency; acceptability and perceptibility thresholds (ΔE00 1.8 and 0.8) were used. Statistically significant influence was found for factors ceramic material, cement shade, and substrate color (p < 0.05). Unacceptable color differences were reported for Li2Si2O5. Opacity was significantly higher when white opaque cement shade was employed. Ceramic type and cement shade significantly influenced L*a*b* color coordinates. The final translucency and color of ceramic restorations can, therefore, be influenced by ceramic material, cement shade, and substrate color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Comba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Gaetano Paolone
- Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Dental School, Vita Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Baldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessandro Vichi
- Dental Academy, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, William Beatty Building, Hampshire Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK;
| | - Cecilia Goracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bertozzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ha R, Tsuchida Y, Shiozawa M, Takahashi H. Effect of thickness on color appearance of multilayer CAD/CAM composite resin blocks. Odontology 2022; 110:664-672. [PMID: 35322319 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thickness on the color appearance and translucency parameter (TP) of multilayer CAD/CAM composite resin blocks. Four brands of A3-shade multilayer CAD/CAM composite resin blocks were examined (Katana Avencia, CERASMART Multi, KZR-CAD HR Block 4 E-va, and Block HC Hard AN). Six specimens of five thicknesses were prepared for each brand, yielding 120 specimens in total. CIEL*a*b* values were determined using a spectrophotometer against black and white backgrounds, and the TP was calculated. The color differences (ΔE00) between layers (cervical/middle/incisal) and brands for each thickness against the black background were calculated using the CIEDE2000 system. As a result, on the black background, L* of the incisal layer was greater while a* and b* were smaller than those of the cervical layer for all brands. The ΔE00 values between the cervical and middle layers (1.23-3.27) were smaller than those between the cervical and incisal layers (3.98-5.67) and those between the middle and incisal layers (3.14-5.92). TP decreased with increasing block thickness. Some TP differences between layers were significant, but they were less than 2.75. In conclusion, the color appearance of CAD/CAM blocks was significantly influenced by both the thickness and layer. L*a*b* decreased with thickness, and a negative exponential relationship between TP and thickness was observed for all layers and brands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roubing Ha
- Department of Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Maho Shiozawa
- Department of Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Course for Oral Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Masking Abilities of Dental Cad/Cam Resin Composite Materials Related to Substrate and Luting Material. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030364. [PMID: 35160353 PMCID: PMC8838689 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding treatment challenge related to aesthetic monolithic materials is to mask discolored substrates in aesthetic areas. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the substrate masking ability of different resin composite materials and the influence of their association with luting agents and substrates. Five types of 2M2 HT (high translucency) resin composite materials were selected: Vita Enamic [E] and four types of nanoparticle-filled composites Lava Ultimate [L], Cerasmart [C], Shofu HC [S], and Hyramic [H]. Resin composite Vita VM LC with different shades was used for the substrates: 2M2, 3M2, and CP2. Variolink Esthetic Try-inpastes neutral, light+, and warm+ colors were chosen to simulate the luting agent color. Optical parameters (TP (translucency), CR (contrast ratio), and OP (opalesce)) and color differences ΔE (chromatic difference) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the comparisons between the groups and establish correlations. TP average values for all materials were in the range of 21.49–24.53. OP average values were in the rage of 6.31–7.85. OP is moderate positive correlated to TP and CR is negative and strong correlated to TP. Related to materials, average color changes decrease as following: E > H > C > L > S. Referring to the tryin material, warm colors induce marked color changes of the restoration. The differences of the color changes determined by all studied substrates are significant. For the final aesthetic aspect of the restoration, it is essential to consider the underlying dental structure, luting agent, and restoration material as a whole unit. The masking ability of the investigated resin matrix ceramic materials materials shows differences, the best behavior demonstrated Shofu HC and Lava Ultimate. Marked color changes are related to high chroma substrates. For substrates with a darker color, the association with warm try-in pastes lead to marked color changes, but with neutral and light try-in pastes at most perceivable.
Collapse
|
45
|
Firoz F, Vafaee F, Farmany A, Farhadian M, Ebrahimi S. Effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles on optical behavior of feldspathic porcelain. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2021.1895385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Firoz
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Vafaee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Implant Research, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soodabe Ebrahimi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Graf T, Schweiger J, Güth JF, Sciuk T, Schubert O, Erdelt KJ. Arithmetic Relationship between Fracture Load and Material Thickness of Resin-Based CAD-CAM Restorative Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010058. [PMID: 35012080 PMCID: PMC8747289 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the long-term behavior of computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) resin-based composites are sparse. To achieve higher predictability on the mechanical behavior of these materials, the aim of the study was to establish a mathematical relationship between the material thickness of resin-based materials and their fracture load. The tested materials were Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (GC), Enamic (EN), and Telio CAD (TC). For this purpose, 60 specimens were prepared, each with five different material thicknesses between 0.4 mm and 1.6 mm (N = 60, n = 12). The fracture load of all specimens was determined using the biaxial flexural strength test (DIN EN ISO 6872). Regression curves were fitted to the results and their coefficient of determination (R2) was computed. Cubic regression curves showed the best R2 approximation (LU R2 = 0.947, GC R2 = 0.971, VE R2 = 0.981, TC R2 = 0.971) to the fracture load values. These findings imply that the fracture load of all tested resin-based materials has a cubic relationship to material thickness. By means of a cubic equation and material-specific fracture load coefficients, the fracture load can be calculated when material thickness is given. The approach enables a better predictability for resin-based restorations for the individual patient. Hence, the methodology might be reasonably applied to other restorative materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Graf
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)69-6301-4787; Fax: +49-(0)69-6301-3711
| | - Josef Schweiger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (J.S.); (O.S.); (K.-J.E.)
| | - Jan-Frederik Güth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Thomas Sciuk
- Private Practice Thomas Sciuk, Prinzregentenstraße 8, 86150 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Oliver Schubert
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (J.S.); (O.S.); (K.-J.E.)
| | - Kurt-Jürgen Erdelt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (J.S.); (O.S.); (K.-J.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ellakany P, Madi M, Aly NM, Al-Aql ZS, AlGhamdi M, AlJeraisy A, Alagl AS. Effect of CAD/CAM Ceramic Thickness on Shade Masking Ability of Discolored Teeth: In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413359. [PMID: 34948965 PMCID: PMC8704777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shade matching is a common challenge that dentists face during fabrication of esthetic dental restoration. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the masking ability of two types of CAD/CAM ceramics for gaining high esthetic prosthesis. This in vitro study used a total sample size of 66 lithium disilicate (LD) and leucite reinforced (LR) CAD/CAM ceramics sub-grouped into three thicknesses: 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm. Nine shades of natural dentin die materials were prepared as a replica of the underlying tooth structure. The difference in color (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) were assessed for both tested ceramics at the three thicknesses. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the three thicknesses of each ceramic, followed by multiple pairwise comparisons between both ceramics. LR had significantly higher ΔE than LD at all thicknesses used unlike the case in TP. Thickness of 0.5 mm exhibited the highest ΔE and TP, while 1.5 mm thickness showed the lowest ΔE and TP in both ceramics. Increase in ceramic thickness had a great impact on both color masking ability of the underlying tooth structure and its translucency. The higher the ceramic thickness, the better the masking ability and the lower the translucency was reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-4781-2107
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
| | - Zainb S. Al-Aql
- Dental Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 22230, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maher AlGhamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman AlJeraisy
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adel S. Alagl
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cho MH, Seol HJ. Effect of Cooling Rate during Glazing on the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Monolithic Zirconia with 3 mol% Yttria Content. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7474. [PMID: 34885629 PMCID: PMC8658760 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glazing is the final heat treatment process in the manufacturing of a monolithic zirconia prosthesis. Herein, the effect of cooling rate during zirconia glazing was investigated. A 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal was glazed at the general cooling rate suggested by the manufacturer, as well as at higher and lower cooling rates, and the differences in flexural strength, hardness, optical properties, and crystal structure were evaluated. A higher cooling rate did not affect the flexural strength, hardness, grain size, optical properties, or crystal structure; however, the Weibull modulus decreased by 1.3. A lower cooling rate did not affect the flexural strength, optical properties, or crystal structure; however, the Weibull characteristic strength increased by 26.7 MPa and the Weibull modulus increased by 0.9. The decrease in hardness and the increase in grain size were statistically significant; however, the numerical differences were negligible. This study revealed that a lower cooling rate provides more reliable flexural strength. Therefore, glazing can proceed at a general cooling rate, which takes 3-4 min; however, glazing at a lower cooling rate will provide a more consistent flexural strength if desired, despite being time-consuming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Cho
- Department of Dental Lab, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan-si 54538, Jeonbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Joung Seol
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Effect of Veneering and Hydrothermal Aging on the Translucency of Newly Introduced Extra Translucent and High Translucent Zirconia with Different Thicknesses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7011021. [PMID: 34722770 PMCID: PMC8553453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7011021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of veneering and aging on the translucency of newly introduced extra and high translucent zirconia with different thickness. Materials and Methods One hundred forty disk-shaped specimens were fabricated from two translucent zirconia blocks (VITA YZ XT and VITA YZ HT), and they are milled with CAD/CAM system. Then, specimens were divided into nonveneered (XT, HT) and veneered groups (XTV, HTV). Nonveneered groups were prepared with four different thicknesses (0.5-1-1.5-2 mm). Veneered groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 10) for veneering with base dentin ceramic with thicknesses of 0.5 + 0.5, 0.5 + 1, and 0.5 + 1.5 mm. A spectrophotometer was used to calculate the translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR) of all specimens before and after aging. Statistical analysis was performed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (p < 0.05). Results TP values were significantly affected by thickness of specimens (p < 0.001). VITA YZ XT was significantly found more translucent than VITA YZ HT. The highest translucency was observed in the XT-0.5 mm group. There is no significant difference between translucency of the veneered and nonveneered groups in the same thickness for XT. On the contrary, veneering significantly affected translucency of HT. TP values significantly decreased after aging for all groups. After aging, translucency value difference before and after aging was the highest in the XT-0.5 mm group whereas the HTV-2 mm group showed the lowest difference after aging. TP decreased significantly as thickness of specimen increases regardless of the material type. Extra translucent and nonveneered zirconia groups are more prone to hydrothermal aging. Conclusions The translucency parameter of zirconia ceramics was significantly influenced by both material type and veneering. Also, extra translucent and nonveneered zirconia groups are more susceptible to hydrothermal aging.
Collapse
|
50
|
Alayad AS, Alqhatani A, Alkatheeri MS, Alshehri M, AlQahtani MA, Osseil AEB, Almusallam RA. Effects of CAD/CAM ceramics and thicknesses on translucency and color masking of substrates. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:761-768. [PMID: 34803331 PMCID: PMC8589623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the translucency and masking of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate with lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and hybrid composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty disc-shaped specimens were fabricated using Enamic, Celtra Duo, IPS E.max CAD, and Suprinity. Twelve groups were prepared according to material type and thickness (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm). The specimens were tested over five substrates: composite resin-A3.5 shade (A3.5 control group), zirconia-A1 shade (ZR), nickel-chromium alloy (NC), black (B), and white (W). A spectrophotometer operating at wavelengths from 360 to 750 nm and a view-area size of 9.53 mm was used for color measurement. RESULTS Mean color difference values (ΔΕ) were found to be lowest in Suprinity and highest in IPS E.max. CAD. Color difference values were significantly related to substrate shade. The A3.5 substrate revealed the significantly lowest ΔΕ values of all the substrates (P = 0.05). Regarding the translucency parameters for ceramics of different thicknesses, a significant difference was observed among all groups except in Suprinity. CONCLUSIONS Different ceramic types with different thicknesses and substrate strongly affect translucency and masking. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Fabricating durable aesthetic restorations that also meets patients' expectations is among the most significant challenges in dentistry. With high demand for more natural restorations, ceramics based on computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM) became popular and exhibited excellent results. However, various factors such as abutment shade, luting cement color, and ceramic type, thickness, and translucency may affect the prosthesis shade. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of these factors on the final shades of CAD/CAM-based ceramic restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saeed Alayad
- Restorative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqhatani
- Prosthodontics Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Alkatheeri
- Restorative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshehri
- Consultant in Restorative Dentiatry, King Khalid Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. AlQahtani
- Prosthodontics Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|