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Matsuda Y, Kosugi T, Yamanaka M, Fukumori T, Inoue A, Horiki M, Matsunuma R, Kataoka Y, Kitamura H, Kataoka K, Matsuoka H, Tokoro A, Inoue Y. Expectations of respiratory physicians from psychologists in palliative care for patients with non-cancer respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2021; 60:309-317. [PMID: 34872885 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological symptoms are common in patients with non-malignant respiratory disease (NMRD). Psychologists can likely play a role in NMRD palliative care. We aimed to explore the expectations of respiratory physicians from psychologists in NMRD palliative care. METHODS An ad hoc questionnaire was developed based on a free-descriptive questionnaire survey among respiratory physicians from four hospitals in Japan. Using this questionnaire, we surveyed respiratory physicians from eight hospitals in Japan and assessed their expectations of psychologists' support and outcomes. Expectations were compared between physicians with and without experience of working with psychologists. RESULTS The quantitative questionnaire was completed by 129 physicians. Data analysis from 108 participants revealed that the highly expected support included "getting early information on patients' psychological distress" (97.2%) and "counseling family members regarding anxiety caused by changes in patient's condition" (96.3%). Physicians also expected "relief in patient's psychological distress" (96.3%) and "providing the psychological support that families need" (95.4%) from psychologists. Compared to physicians with experience of working with psychologists, those without expected more in terms of "giving specific advice on the way of communication and psychological support" (p = 0.035) and "providing psychological support for difficult-to-handle patients and families on behalf of other medical staff" (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory physicians may expect relief of psychological distress experienced by patients and their families from psychologists by getting information about their distress and providing psychological support. These results may be useful for psychologists to provide palliative care for patients with NMRD in collaboration with respiratory physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Matsuda
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan; Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan.
| | - Takako Kosugi
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Masako Yamanaka
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan
| | - Takaki Fukumori
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Horiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsunuma
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Min-Iren Asukai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsuoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Habikino, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokoro
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan; Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
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Pei C, Liu C, Wang Y, Cheng D, Li R, Shu W, Zhang C, Hu W, Jin A, Yang Y, Wan J. FeOOH@Metal-Organic Framework Core-Satellite Nanocomposites for the Serum Metabolic Fingerprinting of Gynecological Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10831-10835. [PMID: 32237260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput metabolic analysis is of significance in diagnostics, while tedious sample pretreatment has largely hindered its clinic application. Herein, we designed FeOOH@ZIF-8 composites with enhanced ionization efficiency and size-exclusion effect for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS)-based metabolic diagnosis of gynecological cancers. The FeOOH@ZIF-8-assisted LDI-MS achieved rapid, sensitive, and selective metabolic fingerprints of the native serum without any enrichment or purification. Further analysis of extracted serum metabolic fingerprints successfully discriminated patients with gynecological cancers (GCs) from healthy controls and also differentiated three major subtypes of GCs. Given the low cost, high-throughput, and easy operation, our approach brings a new dimension to disease analysis and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Pei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rongxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Weikang Shu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Jin
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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Pei C, Liu C, Wang Y, Cheng D, Li R, Shu W, Zhang C, Hu W, Jin A, Yang Y, Wan J. FeOOH@Metal–Organic Framework Core–Satellite Nanocomposites for the Serum Metabolic Fingerprinting of Gynecological Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Pei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic OncologyRenji Hospital Shanghai 200001 P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200001 P. R. China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Rongxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Weikang Shu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Wenli Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Aihua Jin
- Institute of Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
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Abstract
AbstractBackgroundCancer of the vulva is rare, it is a disease commonly diagnosed in elderly women, however, the incidence in younger women is rising. Many patients diagnosed and treated for vulval cancer face physical, social, sexual and psychological challenges. It is essential that therapy radiographers and members of the wider multidisciplinary team understand such challenges in order to provide patient centred care.AimThis review aims to highlight the key psycho-social issues experienced by patients with cancer of the vulva, identifying implications for practice in order to improve the holistic care for this patient group.MethodA search of English literature was performed using Medline, Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Search terms included, vulva or vulval cancer, psychosocial, psychosexual impact and quality of life. Articles were excluded if they focussed on cancers other than gynaecological and vulval cancers.Results and ConclusionsAlthough there are numerous reports on the psychological and psychosocial problems faced by gynaecological cancer patients; there was a paucity of literature pertaining to patients with cancer of the vulva, this is consistent with previous research. Studies show a significant negative, psychosocial impact experienced by these women. Common themes being isolation, loneliness, stigmatisation and lack of information for patients and their carers, themes spanning over three decades. Nevertheless, it is important to be aware of the findings from recent studies consistent with patient’s needs, highlighting that listening to women’s narratives on living with cancer of the vulva is essential if we are to help with the psychosocial issues experienced by these women. They underline a necessity to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public, to improve holistic support for this particular group of women. This is particularly important in the radiotherapy setting as many of these women undergo lengthy courses of treatment and the appropriately trained therapeutic radiographer can play a vital role in addressing the physical and psychosocial problems.
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Influence of Prior Psychiatric Disorders on the Treatment Course of Gynaecological Cancer - A Nationwide Cohort Study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 31:115-123. [PMID: 30502094 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the influence of pre-existing psychiatric disorder on the choice of treatment in patients with gynaecological cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analyses were based on all patients who underwent surgical treatment for endometrial, ovarian or cervical cancer who were registered in the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database in the years 2007-2014 (3059 patients with ovarian cancer, 5100 patients with endometrial cancer and 1150 with cervical cancer). Logistic regression model and Cox regression model, adjusted for relevant confounders, were used to estimate the effect of pre-existing psychiatric disorder on the course of cancer treatment. Our outcomes were (i) presurgical oncological treatment, (ii) macroradical surgery for patients with ovarian cancer, (iii) radiation/chemotherapy within 30 days and 100 days after surgery and (iv) time from surgery to first oncological treatment. RESULTS In the group of patients with ovarian cancer, more patients with a psychiatric disorder received macroradical surgery versus patients without a psychiatric disorder, corresponding to an adjusted odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval 0.62-2.41) and the chance for having oncological treatment within 100 days was odds ratio = 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.77-2.10). As for patients with endometrial cancer, all outcome estimates were close to unity. The adjusted odds ratio for oncological treatment within 30 days after surgery in patients with cervical cancer with a history of psychiatric disorder was 0.20 (95% confidence interval 0.03-1.54). CONCLUSIONS We did not find any significant differences in the treatment of ovarian and endometrial cancer in patients with pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses. When it comes to oncological treatment, we suggest that increased attention should be paid to patients with cervical cancer having a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis.
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Vartolomei L, Shariat SF, Vartolomei MD. Psychotherapeutic Interventions Targeting Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Eur Urol Oncol 2018; 1:283-291. [PMID: 31100249 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Psychological counseling is a rarely discussed need for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa). OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies that investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of professional psychotherapeutic support for PCa patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search was carried out using electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane library. The search was performed up to September 1, 2017; only articles published in English were considered. The combination of the search words "prostate cancer" with "psychotherapy" was used. Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies with psychotherapy interventions that included PCa patients; (2) patients with localized or advance disease; and (3) professional psychotherapeutic support. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We identified a total of ten studies (1067 participants). Six studies investigated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; 713 participants). Two studies used supportive psychotherapy (88 participants) and two used cognitive essential couple therapy (133 couples). Most studies came from the USA (5 studies). CBT seemed to be beneficial in African Americans, Hispanics, men with higher interpersonal sensitivity, and those with relatively high levels of stress in single studies. Couples therapies seemed beneficial for patients and their partners. Supportive psychotherapy was usually integrated into multimodal supportive treatments. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of the available studies, there is promising early evidence that specialized psychotherapeutic support for PCa patients is feasible and beneficial. Psychological intervention can significantly improve PCa patients' wellbeing after therapy. Further multicenter randomized controlled trials should focus on assessing which patients need psychotherapeutic help and which are most likely to benefit from such support, and which type of interventions are the most appropriate for each patient. PATIENT SUMMARY We report on studies comparing psychological outcomes in prostate cancer patients treated with psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic support is feasible and improves overall wellbeing and cancer-related distress in some prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Vartolomei
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Psychology, University Dimitrie Cantemir, Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mihai Dorin Vartolomei
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu Mures, Romania
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Fan SY, Lin WC, Lin IM. Psychosocial Care and the Role of Clinical Psychologists in Palliative Care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2014; 32:861-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1049909114543492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the works of clinical psychologists in palliative care in Taiwan. Methods: Clinical psychologists who were working or had experience in palliative care were recruited. A 2-stage qualitative method study was conducted, including semistructured interviews and a focus group. Results: The following 4 main themes were identified: (1) the essential nature of the psychologists’ care were caring and company; (2) the dynamic process included psychological assessment, intervention, and evaluation based on psychological knowledge; (3) they needed to modify their care using an integrative framework, by setting practical goals and using techniques with flexibility; and (4) they faced external and internal challenges in this field. Conclusion: Clinical psychologists have beneficial contributions but have to modify psychosocial care based on the patients’ needs and clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Fan
- Institute of Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Mei Lin
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Iwamitsu Y, Oba A, Hirai K, Asai M, Murakami N, Matsubara M, Kizawa Y. Troubles and Hardships Faced by Psychologists in Cancer Care. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:286-93. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses current knowledge about long-term quality of life (QOL) in survivors of gynecological cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Survivors of gynecological cancer have generally good long-term QOL, equivalent to healthy controls; however, specific deficits are more prevalent than in women without cancer. Ovarian cancer survivors have good QOL, with few physical symptoms. Psychological distress and sexual impairments exist. No differences in QOL occur between survivors of early and advanced stage disease. Cervical cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy reported more QOL impairments than survivors treated with other approaches. There were no differences on sexuality and sexual function among survival time periods. In general, cervical cancer survivors seem to have a positive attitude towards sexuality. Self-esteem is an important psychological variable in the study of long-term QOL. SUMMARY When considering specific diseases, ovarian and cervical cancers were the most researched. Endometrial cancer was underreported in recent literature. Studies addressing vulvar and vaginal cancers are lacking. Physical, psychosocial and sexuality were the most investigated QOL domains. Advances are observed in current research; however, more rigorous and larger studies are required to further understand long-term QOL. Available findings are crucial to develop interventions to support those at risk for QOL impairments.
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Salander P. Motives that cancer patients in oncological care have for consulting a psychologist-an empirical study. Psychooncology 2010; 19:248-54. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gonçalves V, Jayson G, Tarrier N. A longitudinal investigation of psychological morbidity in patients with ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1794-801. [PMID: 19002175 PMCID: PMC2600707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer patients may experience psychological disorders due to the aggressive nature of the illness and treatment. We investigated the presence of psychological disorders longitudinally in women with a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer and the factors that predicted development and maintenance of these disorders. Patients were assessed in a prospective longitudinal study at the beginning of chemotherapy treatment, mid-treatment, end of treatment and 3 months follow-up for depression, anxiety, perceived social support, neuroticism and cognitive strategies to control unwanted thoughts. A total of 121 patients were recruited and 85 patients were assessed at all four time points. Three different longitudinal profiles of anxiety and depression caseness were found: non-cases (never cases), occasional cases (cases on at least one but not all four occasions) and stable cases (cases on all four occasions). Most of the women were occasional cases of anxiety (52%, 44), whereas for depression, the majority of women were non-cases (55%, 47). A subset of patients were stable cases of anxiety (22%, 19). Neuroticism and marital status were significant independent predictors of anxiety caseness profile. Neuroticism and use of anti-depressants were independent predictors of depression caseness profile. Social support was not related to psychological morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gonçalves
- Academic Division of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Boscaglia N, Clarke DM. Sense of coherence as a protective factor for demoralisation in women with a recent diagnosis of gynaecological cancer. Psychooncology 2007; 16:189-95. [PMID: 16869021 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demoralisation is a dysphoric mood state commonly seen in the medically ill. Its core features comprise hopelessness, helplessness, loss of purpose and meaning, despair, and existential distress. Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a quantifiable dispositional orientation that captures the character traits likely to protect against demoralisation. In this study, we hypothesised on theoretical grounds that a strong SOC would be associated with lower levels of demoralisation in the context of gynaecological cancer (GC). METHOD One hundred and twenty women with a recent (<12 months) diagnosis of GC were recruited from outpatient clinics. Participants were interviewed and completed questionnaire measures of demoralisation and SOC. A multiple regression analysis was performed using the five subscales of the Demoralisation Scale as predictor variables and SOC as the dependent variable. RESULTS Together, the five subscales of the Demoralisation Scale accounted for 60% of the variance in SOC. CONCLUSIONS The results supported the hypothesis, suggesting that SOC may be protective against demoralisation in the context of serious illness. Larger, multivariate studies that examine additional variables (such as coping) would be required to further clarify the relationship between SOC and demoralisation. In the meantime, clinicians may want to consider efforts to enhance SOC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boscaglia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Sevil U, Ertem G, Kavlak O, Coban A. The loneliness level of patients with gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16 Suppl 1:472-7. [PMID: 16515647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the loneliness levels and the variables that have an effect on the loneliness of women with a gynecological cancer diagnosis. The main questions that the study addressed were as follows: (1) What is the loneliness level of patients with gynecological cancer? and (2) What kind of relationships are there between general demographic characteristics of patients with gynecological cancer and their loneliness? This descriptive study was conducted at Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Application and Investigation Hospital, Maternity and Women Diseases Gynecology Clinic, from July to December 2002. Maternity and Women Diseases Clinic Oncology Service treated 161 patients during this time period. While all patients hospitalized between the specified dates constituted the universe of the investigation; the actual sample was 94 patients. As data collection tools, a questionnaire form, which aimed at identifying sociodemographic characteristics of patients and the features related to their diseases relevant to the literature and the UCLA-loneliness scale were used. The general loneliness mean score of women with gynecological cancer was 35.85 +/- 9.302. Women's mean scores of loneliness were affected by whether psychologic support was needed, genital organ diseases were treated, or a family member had a gynecological operation, and by the income situation. The disease of cancer, which creates the most fear and anxiety in the community, has adverse psychologic effects on both the patient and the family. In societies where men dominate, as is the case in our society, women's place in the society has been reduced to their reproductive capacity, and thus, the health of their genital organs is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sevil
- Gynecology and Obstetric Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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