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Crumlish L, Wallace SJ, Copley A, Rose TA. Exploring the measurement of pediatric cognitive-communication disorders in traumatic brain injury research: A scoping review. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1207-1227. [PMID: 36303459 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize information about the constructs measured, measurement instruments used, and the timing of assessment of cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs) in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) research. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Scoping review conducted in alignment with Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework and reported per the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Inclusion criteria: (a) cohort description, case-control, and treatment studies; (b) participants with TBI aged 5-18 years; (c) communication or psychosocial outcomes; and (d) English full-text journal articles. The first author reviewed all titles, abstracts, and full-text articles; 10% were independently reviewed. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Following screening, a total of 687 articles were included and 919 measurement instruments, measuring 2134 unique constructs, were extracted. The Child Behavior Checklist was the most used measurement instrument and 'Global Outcomes/Recovery' was the construct most frequently measured. The length of longitudinal monitoring ranged between ≤3 months and 16 years. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We found considerable heterogeneity in the constructs measured, the measurement instruments used, and the timing of CCD assessment in pediatric TBI research. A consistent approach to measurement may support clinical decision-making and the efficient use of data beyond individual studies in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Crumlish
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wallace
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, Australia
| | - Anna Copley
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tanya A Rose
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, Australia
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2
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Back to School: Academic Functioning and Educational Needs among Youth with Acquired Brain Injury. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091321. [PMID: 36138630 PMCID: PMC9497748 DOI: 10.3390/children9091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth with a history of traumatic or non-traumatic acquired brain injury are at increased risk for long-lasting cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, and physical sequelae post-injury. Such sequelae have great potential to negatively impact this population’s academic functioning. Consistently, poorer academic achievement and elevated need for educational supports have been well-documented among youth with a history of acquired brain injury. The current paper reviews the literature on neuropsychological, psychiatric, and academic outcomes of pediatric acquired brain injury. A discussion of special education law as it applies to this patient population, ongoing limitations within the field, and a proposal of solutions are also included.
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Mitchell RJ, Cameron CM, McMaugh A, Lystad RP, Badgery-Parker T, Ryder T. The impact of childhood injury and injury severity on school performance and high school completion in Australia: a matched population-based retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 34563157 PMCID: PMC8464154 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exploring the impact of injury and injury severity on academic outcomes could assist to identify characteristics of young people likely to require learning support services. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised for an injury compared to young people not hospitalised for an injury by injury severity; and to examine factors influencing scholastic performance and school completion. Method A population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised for an injury during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) on the National Assessment Plan for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for injured young people compared to matched peers. Results Injured young people had a higher risk of not achieving the NMS compared to their matched peers for numeracy (ARR: 1.12; 95%CI 1.06–1.17), reading (ARR: 1.09; 95%CI 1.04–1.13), spelling (ARR: 1.13; 95%CI 1.09–1.18), grammar (ARR: 1.11; 95%CI 1.06–1.15), and writing (ARR: 1.07; 95%CI 1.04–1.11). As injury severity increased from minor to serious, the risk of not achieving the NMS generally increased for injured young people compared to matched peers. Injured young people had almost twice the risk of not completing high school at year 10 (ARR: 2.17; 95%CI 1.73–2.72), year 11 (ARR: 1.95; 95%CI 1.78–2.14) or year 12 (ARR: 1.93; 95%CI 1.78–2.08) compared to matched peers. Conclusions The identification of characteristics of young people most likely to encounter problems in the academic environment after sustaining an injury is important to facilitate the potential need for learning support. Assessing learning needs and monitoring return-to-school progress post-injury may aid identification of any ongoing learning support requirements. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02891-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Cate M Cameron
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Services District, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne McMaugh
- The Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reidar P Lystad
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tim Badgery-Parker
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tayhla Ryder
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Azevedo R, Rosário P, Martins J, Rosendo D, Fernández P, Núñez JC, Magalhães P. From the Hospital Bed to the Laptop at Home: Effects of a Blended Self-Regulated Learning Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234802. [PMID: 31795431 PMCID: PMC6926898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hospitalization poses diverse challenges to school-aged youth well-being and their educational path. Some inpatients, due to the hospitalization duration, frequency or the needed recovery period at home, may struggle when returning to school. To help youth cope with this challenge, several hospitals have been implementing educational interventions tailored to the school-aged children and adolescents needs. Nevertheless, pediatric inpatients with short stays and/or with a recovery period at home usually do not benefit from these interventions. Therefore, the present study implemented a blended intervention (i.e., face-to-face and online) with the aim of training self-regulated learning competences with hospitalized school-aged adolescents with short hospital stays. The intervention was delivered on a weekly basis for eight individual sessions using a story-tool. Results showed the efficacy of the intervention in promoting adolescent's use of, perceived instrumentality of, and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning strategies. Overall, there was a differentiated impact according to the participants' age, grade level, grade retention, and engagement in the intervention. These findings support previous research indicating that hospitals can play an important role as educational contexts even for inpatients with short stays. The blended format used to deliver the self-regulation learning (SRL) training also may be an opportunity to extend these interventions from the hospital to the home context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Azevedo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-052 Braga, Portugal; (P.R.); (J.M.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Rosário
- Department of Applied Psychology, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-052 Braga, Portugal; (P.R.); (J.M.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Juliana Martins
- Department of Applied Psychology, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-052 Braga, Portugal; (P.R.); (J.M.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Daniela Rosendo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-052 Braga, Portugal; (P.R.); (J.M.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Paula Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n., 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (P.F.); (J.C.N.)
| | - José Carlos Núñez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n., 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (P.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Politécnica y Artística de Paraguay, Mayor Sebastián Bullo s/n, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Paula Magalhães
- Department of Applied Psychology, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-052 Braga, Portugal; (P.R.); (J.M.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
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Ferraracci J, Anzalone C, Bridges RM, Moore RD, Decker SL. QEEG correlates of cognitive processing speed in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injuries. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2019; 10:247-257. [PMID: 31613642 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2019.1675523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and cognitive measures have been used to understand the underlying brain changes that occur in individuals after experiencing a traumatic brain injury, however, research exploring the relationship between qEEG patterns and cognitive test performance is scarcely studied in school-aged populations. The purpose of the present study was to explore first, the neuropsychological and academic deficits in young individuals with TBI; and second, the underlying relationship between qEEG patterns and cognitive test performance. Analyses included 21 school-aged participants whom have experienced a recent TBI and 15 school-aged participants whom have never experienced a TBI. Mean subtest and composite scores were compared and regression analyses were used to determine whether alpha band and beta band qEEG coherence values predicted processing speed measures. Results suggest that young individuals who experienced a recent TBI exhibit general deficits in cognition and academic skills beyond what would be expected in the general population. Further, beta band coherence with the frontal brain regions significantly predicted processing speed scores, providing evidence of a relationship between qEEG patterns and processing speed. This outlines a relatively inexpensive method for utilizing neural connectivity to verify cognitive deficits for school-aged individuals with a recent TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ferraracci
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Rachel M Bridges
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Davis Moore
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Scott L Decker
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Early Elementary School Outcome in Children With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury Before Age 6 Years. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2019; 34:111-121. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dollman AK, Figaji AA, Schrieff-Elson LE. Academic and Behavioral Outcomes in School-Age South African Children Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:121. [PMID: 29326559 PMCID: PMC5733492 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children who have sustained severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) demonstrate a range of post-injury neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae, which may have adverse effects on their academic and behavioral outcomes and interfere with school re-entry, educational progress, and quality of life. These post-TBI sequelae are exacerbated within the context of a resource-poor country like South Africa (SA) where the education system is in a somewhat precarious state especially for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Objectives: To describe behavioral and academic outcomes of a group of school-aged SA children following severe TBI. Methods: The sample included 27 school-age children who were admitted to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RXH), SA, between 2006 and 2011 for closed severe TBI and who received intracranial monitoring. We collected behavioral data using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and academic information sourced from the BRIEF, CBCL, medical folders, and caregivers. Analyses include descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation matrices. Results: The descriptive results show that (1) more than half of the participants experienced clinically-significant behavioral problems across the CBCL scales, (2) the working memory BRIEF subscale appeared to be the most problematic subdomain, (3) two thirds of the sample were receiving some form of, or were in the process of being placed in, special needs education, (4) there was a three-fold increase in the use of special education services from pre- to post-injury, and (5) more than half (n = 16) of the sample repeated at least one grade after returning to school post-injury. Correlation analyses results suggest that children with increased externalizing behavioral problems and executive dysfunction are more likely to repeat a grade post-injury; and that children with executive dysfunction post-TBI are more likely to require some form of special educational services. Conclusion: While there is a vast amount of literature on pediatric TBI (pTBI) academic and behavioral outcomes, little literature exists on the pTBI population from the developing world and SA specifically. This is important to address given unique challenges that face the country and its educational system, and its implications for the management and care of children post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee K Dollman
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anthony A Figaji
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh E Schrieff-Elson
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shaw DR. A systematic review of pediatric cognitive rehabilitation in the elementary and middle school systems. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 39:119-23. [PMID: 27341366 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy (CRT) is efficacious in remediating cognitive deficits, and has been demonstrated to be effective in a school setting. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on pediatric CRT as it relates to successful re-integration of TBI survivors into the school system and community. METHODS This systematic review of the literature suggests that social re-integration strategies which incorporate problem-solving, reasoning, self-awareness, and positive social skills within a developmental framework are the most effective techniques for Pediatric CRT. RESULTS Children and adolescents with cognitive impairments benefit from a holistic approach to rehabilitation which incorporates developmental, social, and emotional considerations, as well as, cognitive rehabilitation techniques. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review identifies several avenues for effective therapeutic interventions for school aged TBI survivors. Many are supported by laboratory based efficacy studies. Future research should investigate optimal ages for particular treatments, as well as, the effectiveness of treatments across different social settings.
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TBI and Concussions in Student Athletes: How do Severity of Injury, Age, and Gender Influence Recovery. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40817-015-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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de Kloet AJ, Gijzen R, Braga LW, Meesters JJL, Schoones JW, Vliet Vlieland TPM. Determinants of participation of youth with acquired brain injury: A systematic review. Brain Inj 2015; 29:1135-1145. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1034178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Roscigno CI, Fleig DK, Knafl KA. Parent management of the school reintegration needs of children and youth following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:523-33. [PMID: 24969697 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.933896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE School reintegration following children's traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still poorly understood from families' perspectives. We aimed to understand how both unique and common experiences during children's school reintegration were explained by parents to influence the family. METHODS Data came from an investigation using descriptive phenomenology (2005-2007) to understand parents' experiences in the first five years following children's moderate to severe TBI. Parents (N = 42 from 37 families in the United States) participated in two 90-min interviews (first M = 15 months; second M = 27 months). Two investigators independently coded parents' discussions of school reintegration using content analysis to understand the unique and common factors that parents perceived affected the family. RESULTS Parents' school negotiation themes included the following: (1) legal versus moral basis for helping the child; (2) inappropriate state and local services that did not consider needs specific to TBI; and (3) involvement in planning, implementing and evaluating the child's education plan. Parents perceived that coordinated and collaboration leadership with school personnel lessened families' workload. Families who home-schooled had unique challenges. CONCLUSIONS School reintegration can add to family workload by changing roles and relationships and by adding to parents' perceived stress in managing of the child's condition. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury is assumed to be the primary cause of children's morbidities post-injury. Despite laws in the United States meant to facilitate children's school reintegration needs, parents often perceived that policies and practices differed from the intentions of laws and added to the family workload and stress. The school environment of the child (physical, cultural or psychological setting) plays an important long-term role in shaping family roles, relationships and management of the child's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia I Roscigno
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC , USA and
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Trenchard SO, Rust S, Bunton P. A systematic review of psychosocial outcomes within 2 years of paediatric traumatic brain injury in a school-aged population. Brain Inj 2013; 27:1217-37. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.812240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stewart Rust
- Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital
ManchesterUK
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Ball H, Howe J. How can educational psychologists support the reintegration of children with an acquired brain injury upon their return to school? EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2012.755460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to inform speech-language pathologists in the schools about issues related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury.Method: Literature review of characteristics, outcomes and issues related to the needs serving children.Results: Due to acquired changes in cognition, children with traumatic brain injury have unique needs in a school setting.Conclusions: Speech-Language Pathologists in the school can take a leadership role with taking care of children after a traumatic brain injury and coordination of medical and educational information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Haarbauer-Krupa
- Researcher, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Health Scientist, Traumatic Brain Injury Team, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA
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Thaler NS, Mayfield J, Reynolds CR, Hadland C, Allen DN. Teacher-Reported Behavioral Disturbances in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury: An Examination of the BASC-2. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2012; 1:30-7. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2012.665776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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van Tol E, Gorter JW, DeMatteo C, Meester-Delver A. Participation outcomes for children with acquired brain injury: A narrative review. Brain Inj 2011; 25:1279-87. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.613089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ratnapalan S, Rayar MS, Crawley M. Educational services for hospitalized children. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 14:433-6. [PMID: 20808470 DOI: 10.1093/pch/14.7.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Semrud-Clikeman M. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Rehabilitation and Transition to Home and School. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:116-22. [DOI: 10.1080/09084281003708985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of religious identity, gender and socioeconomic status (SES) on public attitudes towards survivors of brain injury. RESEARCH DESIGN An independent groups design was used to compare the attitudes of Northern Irish participants. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The participants were asked to complete a modified form of the Community Attitudes to Mental Illness scale. The new questionnaire replaced the original scales' emphasis on mental illness with that of brain injury. Complete data was available for 179 participants for the religious identity and gender analysis and 124 for gender and SES. Analyses of variance were conducted on these variables. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Significant differences between male and female attitudes were found along with significant interactions between religious identity and gender and SES and gender. CONCLUSIONS Religious, economic and gender-based divisions in society affect attitudes towards survivors of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Linden
- School of Psychology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, and Community Brain Injury Team, Down Lisburn Trust, Thompson House Hospital, Lisburn, Northern Ireland, UK.
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McDougall J, Servais M, Sommerfreund J, Rosen E, Gillett J, Gray J, Somers S, Frid P, Dewit D, Pearlman L, Hicock F. An evaluation of the paediatric acquired brain injury community outreach programme (PABICOP). Brain Inj 2009; 20:1189-205. [PMID: 17123936 DOI: 10.1080/02699050600975541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of a coordinated, family/community-focused programme (PABICOP) vs. a standard approach for improving outcomes for children with ABI and their families. RESEARCH DESIGN Pre-test-post-test design, with comparison group and follow-up. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Ninety-six children (64 children receiving PABICOP services and 32 children receiving standard care) participated in the study. Measures were completed at baseline and 3 and 12 months later. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Parents/caregivers with more than 10 contacts with PABICOP scored significantly higher on an ABI knowledge quiz than either parents/caregivers with 10 contacts or less or the comparison group at post-test and follow-up. Parents/caregivers with 10 contacts or less with PABICOP reported significantly greater improvements in children's school and total competence on the CBCL than either parents/caregivers with more than 10 contacts or the comparison group at post-test and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS PABICOP may be more useful for enhancing knowledge of ABI for parents/caregivers and for integrating children into the community over a 1-year period than a standard approach. The amount of service received appears to influence outcomes.
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Penn C, Watermeyer J, Schie K. Auditory disorders in a South African paediatric TBI population: some preliminary data. Int J Audiol 2009; 48:135-43. [PMID: 19283585 DOI: 10.1080/14992020802635309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
South Africa has an exceptionally high incidence of traumatic brain injury in its paediatric population but very little systematic research has been conducted on the outcome of such injury. A number of socio demographic variables influence the mechanism of injury as well as its management. This paper reports on a study documenting the educational and audiological outcomes of a group of 100 subjects who sustained their injuries prior to the age of 12 years. The hearing and communication profile of this group is considered in relation to educational outcome. An illustrative case study will demonstrate the multiple influences on outcome in this setting, as well as the need for integrated team management. In the sample, 31% had a reported hearing loss, confirmed audiologically in 14% of subjects. The majority of the sample returned to a mainstream school. However, analysis indicated that about 75% of the sample was in need of specialized education, while only 22% of that sample had received any additional support. The implications of these findings for audiological policy and practice are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Penn
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Wells R, Minnes P, Phillips M. Predicting social and functional outcomes for individuals sustaining paediatric traumatic brain injury. Dev Neurorehabil 2009; 12:12-23. [PMID: 19283530 DOI: 10.1080/17518420902773109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of models employing the classification of severity of injury, based on either GCS scores or clinical findings using standardized test scores for Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Psychology in predicting outcomes associated with paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD Medical records were reviewed to obtain GCS scores and standardized tests used in the clinically based classification of severity of injury for 30 individuals who sustained a paediatric TBI and were patients of a brain injury treatment programme. Interviews were conducted with parents to obtain current data on social participation, cognitive functioning and environmental factors. RESULTS Three variables emerged as significant predictors of outcome: age at injury, clinical ratings of injury severity and environmental factors. CONCLUSION Findings offer preliminary support for the idea that a combination of factors, including age at injury, clinical expertise and the environment, provide the best estimate of long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wells
- University of Waterloo, Psychology, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Schutz LE, Rivers KO, Schutz JA, Proctor A. Preventing Multiple-Choice Tests From Impeding Educational Advancement After Acquired Brain Injury. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2008; 39:104-9. [DOI: 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/011)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to present management strategies that can be used to breach barriers created for students with acquired brain injuries by testing the students in the multiple-choice format.
Method
This article presents a case study of a high school student with severe hydrocephalus and difficulties with state-mandated reading comprehension tests who was denied exceptional student education services because her grades were “so good.”
Result
Although an honor student who received academic awards, she was never taught how to pass the state reading test and was denied her diploma at graduation.
Implications
The cognitive obstacles posed by the multiple-choice format can be specified and treated. In-service training can help school staff and officials to recognize and serve these children promptly so that academic disability can be prevented.
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Crothers IR, Linden MA, Kennedy N. Attitudes of children towards peers with acquired brain injury (ABI). Brain Inj 2007; 21:47-52. [PMID: 17364519 DOI: 10.1080/02699050601149054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) can experience severe problems in establishing peer relationships. The attitudes peers hold toward a child with an ABI can significantly impact on their willingness to befriend. The present work sought to investigate the attitudes peers hold toward a fictional child with ABI. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Fifty children from a primary school were compared against a similar number from a secondary school. Gender was evenly split across both groups. A vignette describing a young boy acquiring a brain injury, and his subsequent change in behaviour, was presented to the children. The Friendship Activity Scale (FAS) was then used to judge how likely the children were to befriend the fictional character. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Results showed a statistically significant interaction between gender and age [F(1, 96) 6.285, p = 0.014] with older males expressing more positive attitudes than younger males. CONCLUSION The study suggests that children with ABI are more likely to experience negative attitudes in primary school, and concludes in calling for additional research to more fully explore the social experience of children with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Crothers
- Area Brain Injury Team, Craigavon and Banbridge Community Health and Social Services Trust. Northern Ireland. UK
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Landis J, Hanten G, Levin HS, Li X, Ewing-Cobbs L, Duron J, High WM. Evaluation of the errorless learning technique in children with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 87:799-805. [PMID: 16731215 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare errorless learning with trial-and-error (T&E) learning of declarative facts in children with memory disorders secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Retrospective within-subjects concurrent treatment design. SETTING Participants' school or home. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four children, ages 6 to 18 years, with mild, moderate, or severe postacute TBI who met criteria for memory impairment. INTERVENTION Conditions consisted of an errorless learning method and a T&E method. Within a session, half the items were taught with the errorless learning method and half with the T&E method. Each child received two 1-hour sessions a week for 7 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative effectiveness of errorless learning and T&E methods for (1) initial learning and (2) retention over time for learned items. RESULTS There was an advantage for T&E on initial learning. In children with mild, but not moderate or severe TBI, 2-day retention was better with the errorless learning technique; 7-day retention was better with errorless learning in young children with mild TBI. Seventy-seven-day retention revealed an advantage for errorless learning in younger children with severe TBI. CONCLUSIONS Findings did not support errorless learning as a generalized intervention for learning difficulties after TBI or identify specific age- or injury-severity groups that benefited from this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Landis
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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