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Desai ND, Kelly JJ, Iyengar A, Zhao Y, Cannon BJ, Grimm JC, Patrick WL, Ibrahim M, Freas M, Siki M, Szeto WY, Bavaria JE. Midterm Results of an Algorithmic 3-Pronged Approach to Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:950-957. [PMID: 37517532 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated midterm outcomes of a 3-pronged algorithm for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) repair. Valve-sparing root reimplantation (VSRR) was performed for patients with aortic root dilatation. In those without a root aneurysm, external subannular ring (ESAR) was performed for annuli ≥28 mm and subcommissural annuloplasty (SCA) for annuli <28 mm. METHODS This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 242 patients undergoing primary BAV repair from April 29, 2004, to March 1, 2023, at a single institution. Primary end points were mortality, structural valve degeneration (SVD), which was defined as a composite of more than moderate aortic insufficiency or severe aortic stenosis, and reintervention. RESULTS The algorithm was used to treat 201 patients; of these, 130 underwent VSRR, 35 had ESAR, and 36 underwent SCA. Most were men with mean age of 43.8 years (SD, 12.0 years), which was similar between groups. Preoperative aortic insufficiency more than moderate was more common for ESAR compared with VSRR and SCA (74.3% vs 37.7% vs 44.4%, P < .001). At 30 days, mortality was 0.8% (n = 1) for VSRR and 0% for ESAR and SCA. At 6 years, overall Kaplan-Meier survival was 98.9% (95% CI, 97.3%-100%), with no differences between groups (P = .5). The cumulative incidence of SVD was 4.7% (95% CI, 0.1%-9.2%) for VSRR, 6.4% (95% CI, 0%-14.6%) for ESAR, and 0% for SCA (P = .4). Similarly, the cumulative incidence of reintervention with all-cause mortality as a competing risk was 2.2% (95% CI, 0.4%-6.9%), 6.1% (95% CI, 1%-17.9%), and 0% for VSRR, ESAR, and SCA, respectively (P = .506). CONCLUSIONS A 3-pronged algorithmic approach to BAV repair results in excellent survival and freedom from reoperation at 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesh D Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - John J Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amit Iyengar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany J Cannon
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua C Grimm
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William L Patrick
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Ibrahim
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie Freas
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Siki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph E Bavaria
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Xiang F, Chen L, Chemtob R, Roselli EE, Unai S, Vargo P, Koprivanac M, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, Firth A, Desai MY, Griffin B, Kalahasti V, Svensson LG. Long-term outcome of bicuspid aortic valve repair using figure-of-8 hitch-up stitches. JTCVS Tech 2024; 24:27-40. [PMID: 38835563 PMCID: PMC11145234 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To maximize successful repair of bicuspid aortic valves by adding figure-of-8 hitch-up stitches at commissures. Methods From 2000 to 2022, bicuspid aortic valve repair was performed on 1112 patients at Cleveland Clinic, with 367 patients receiving figure-of-8 hitch-up stitches along with classical techniques, including Cabrol suture, cusp plication, raphe resection, and valve-sparing root replacement. Operative outcomes, repair durability, and survival were assessed in the figure-of-8 hitch-up stitches cohort, and outcomes were compared among 195 balancing-score-matched patient pairs who underwent bicuspid aortic valve repair with and without figure-of-8 hitch-up stitches. Results Patients who underwent bicuspid aortic valve repair with figure-of-8 stitches had an operative mortality of 0.3% (1 of 367) and in-hospital reoperation for aortic valve dysfunction of 1.1% (4 of 367). At 10 years, prevalence of severe aortic regurgitation was 8.6%, mean gradient 24 mm Hg, freedom from aortic valve reoperation 75%, and survival 98%. In matched cohorts, operative mortality was similar (0.51% vs 0%; P > .9) as were morbidities, including in-hospital reoperation due to aortic valve dysfunction (1.0% vs 1.5%; P > .9). Comparable long-term outcomes were observed at 10 years (prevalence of severe aortic regurgitation of 8.7% vs 5.0% [P = .11], mean gradient 18 vs 17 mm Hg [P = .40]; freedom from aortic valve reoperation 80% vs 81% [P = .73]; and survival 99.5% vs 94.6% [P = .18]). Conclusions Figure-of-8 hitch-up stitch is a safe bicuspid aortic valve repair technique. It increases the likelihood of a successful repair without increasing risk of cusp tear and achieves satisfactory long-term survival and durability when added to classical repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Raphaelle Chemtob
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric E. Roselli
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shinya Unai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Patrick Vargo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marijan Koprivanac
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A. Marc Gillinov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eugene H. Blackstone
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeevanantham Rajeswaran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Austin Firth
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Milind Y. Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian Griffin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vidyasagar Kalahasti
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lars G. Svensson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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3
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Ehrlich T, Abeln KB, Froede L, Schmitt F, Giebels C, Schäfers HJ. Twenty-five years' experience with isolated bicuspid aortic valve repair: impact of commissural orientation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae163. [PMID: 38608189 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Repair of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) has evolved in the past 25 years. The aim of this study was to review and analyse the long-term durability of isolated BAV repair with particular focus on commissural orientation (CO). METHODS All patients who underwent BAV repair for severe aortic regurgitation between October 1998 and December 2022 were included. The study group consists of all patients operated after 2009, i.e. since CO modification. The control group includes patients who were operated before 2009. CO was classified as symmetric, asymmetric and very asymmetric. RESULTS Overall, 594 adult patients (93% male; mean age 42 years) were included. At 15 years, survival was 94.8% [standard deviation (SD): 2.2]; freedom from reoperation was 86.8% (SD: 2.3). Freedom from aortic insufficiency ≥II was 70.8% (SD: 4.7) at 15 years. Modification of CO by sinus plication was performed in 200 (33.7%) instances. Using competing risks analysis, the absence of effective height measurement (P = 0.018), very asymmetric CO (P = 0.028), the presence of calcification (P < 0.001), the use of pericardial patch (P < 0.001), the use of subcommissural sutures (P < 0.001) and preoperative endocarditis (P = 0.005) were identified as independent predictors for reoperation. Follow-up was 97% complete (4228 patient-years); mean follow-up was 7 years (SD: 5). CONCLUSIONS Isolated BAV repair leads to good survival and durability in all morphologic types if cusp repair is guided by effective height, suture annuloplasty is performed, and CO is modified using sinus plication in asymmetrical valves. Very asymmetrical valves may should be treated with a lower threshold for replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ehrlich
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Transplantation, University Hospital of Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Karen B Abeln
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Froede
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Flora Schmitt
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Giebels
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Kalra A, Das R, Alkhalil M, Dykun I, Candreva A, Jarral O, Rehman SM, Majmundar M, Patel KN, Rodes-Cabau J, Reardon MJ, Puri R. Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: Classifications, Treatments, and Emerging Transcatheter Paradigms. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2024; 8:100227. [PMID: 38283572 PMCID: PMC10818151 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2023.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital valvular malformation, which may lead to early aortic valve disease and bicuspid-associated aortopathy. A novel BAV classification system was recently proposed to coincide with transcatheter aortic valve replacement being increasingly considered in younger patients with symptomatic BAV, with good clinical results, yet without randomized trial evidence. Procedural technique, along with clinical outcomes, have considerably improved in BAV patients compared with tricuspid aortic stenosis patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The present review summarizes the novel BAV classification systems and examines contemporary surgical and transcatheter approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kalra
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscan Health, Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Rajiv Das
- Department of Cardiothoracic Services, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Services, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Iryna Dykun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alessandro Candreva
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Omar Jarral
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Syed M. Rehman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Monil Majmundar
- Department of Cardiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kunal N. Patel
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University Hospital, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Josep Rodes-Cabau
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Michael J. Reardon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rishi Puri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Gerdisch MW, Reece TB, Emerson D, Downey RS, Blossom GB, Singhal A, Baker JN, Fischlein TJ, Badhwar V. Early results of geometric ring annuloplasty for bicuspid aortic valve repair during aortic aneurysm surgery. JTCVS Tech 2022; 14:55-65. [PMID: 35967205 PMCID: PMC9367630 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Geometric ring annuloplasty has shown promise during bicuspid aortic valve repair for aortic insufficiency. This study examined early outcomes of bicuspid aortic valve repair associated with proximal aortic aneurysm replacement. Methods From September 2017 to November, 2021, 127 patients underwent bicuspid aortic valve repair with concomitant proximal aneurysm reconstruction. Patient age was 50.6 ± 12.7 years (mean ± standard deviation), male gender was 83%, New York Heart Association Class was 2 (1-2) (median [interquartile range]), and preoperative aortic insufficiency grade was 3 (2-4). Ascending aortic diameter was 50 (46-54) mm, and all patients had ascending aortic replacement. Forty patients had sinus diameters greater than 45 mm, prompting remodeling root procedures. A total of 105 patients had Sievers type 1 valves, 3 patients had type 0, and 7 patients had type 2. A total of 118 patients had primarily right/left fusion, 8 patients had right/nonfusion, and 1 patient had left/nonfusion. Leaflet reconstruction used central leaflet plication and cleft closure, with limited ultrasonic decalcification in 31 patients. Results Ring size was 23 (21-23) mm, and 26 of 40 root procedures were selective nonfused sinus replacements. Aortic clamp time was 139 (112-170) minutes, and bypass time was 178 (138-217) minutes. Postrepair aortic insufficiency grade was 0 (0-0) (P < .0001), and mean valve gradient was 10 (7-14) mm Hg. No early and 1 late mortality occurred. Four patients required reoperation for bleeding, and 4 patients required pacemakers. At a mean follow-up of 20 months (maximal 93), there were no valve-related complications, 5 late repair failures prompting valve replacement, and 1 death due to Coronavirus Disease 2019. Conclusions Geometric ring annuloplasty for bicuspid aortic valve repair with proximal aortic aneurysm reconstruction is safe and associated with good early outcomes. Further experience and follow-up will help inform long-term durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W. Gerdisch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Franciscan Health Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind
- Address for reprints: Marc W. Gerdisch, MD, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Franciscan Health Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46237.
| | - T. Brett Reece
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Dominic Emerson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Richard S. Downey
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Muskegon, Mich
| | - Geoffrey B. Blossom
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ohio Health Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arun Singhal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua N. Baker
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Missouri Baptist Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Theodor J.M. Fischlein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Vinay Badhwar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - BAVr Working GroupTrentoAlfredoaChikweJoannaaWeiLawrence M.bGlotzbachJason P.cJamesTimothy W.dQuinnReed D.eWolfeJ. AlanfYamaneKentarogCopeJeffrey T.gSolemaniBehzadgTakayamaHiroohRodriguezVictor M.iMurashitaTakashijVoellerRochus K.kSiMing-SinglLevackMelissamBurkeChris R.nMoonMarc R.oKraevAlexanderpJasinskiMarek J.qStavridisGeorgiosrRankinJ. ScottbCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CalifWest Virginia University, Morgantown, WVaUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahSt Joseph's Medical Center, Tacoma, WashMaine Medical Center, Portland, MaineNortheast Georgia Medical Center, Gainesville, GaPennsylvania State University, Hershey, PaColumbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NYUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, CalifUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, MoUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TennUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WashWashington University Medical Center, St Louis, MoBillings Clinic, Billings, MontWroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandOnassis Heart Center, Athens, Greece
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Alwaheidi DF, Abdalghafoor TMM, Serhan H, Kindawi A. A successful double valve repair on an interesting background: Case report. J Card Surg 2022; 37:2426-2428. [PMID: 35526129 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aortic regurgitation in a bicuspid aortic valve is a complex entity that involves not only the semilunar valve but also the structure of the aortic root which is functionally and pathologically in a very close relationship to it. Considering repairing a bicuspid valve mandates a mindful involvement of all related structures concurrently. Here, we report an interesting case of both bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve regurgitation in a patient with a history of infective endocarditis, that was successfully managed by double valve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Fa Alwaheidi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Hospital, HMC, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hatem Serhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Hospital, HMC, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Kindawi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Hospital, HMC, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Ehrlich T, Abeln KB, Froede L, Schmitt F, Burgard C, Schäfers HJ. Isolated bicuspid aortic valve repair: Experience over two decades. CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Preservation or repair of the aortic valve has evolved dynamically in the past 20 years. It leads to a high freedom from valve-related complications if an adequate valve durability can be achieved; it may possibly also improve survival. To date, little structured information is available about which valves can be repaired and which should better be replaced. Recent Findings For surgical decision-making, the size of the aortic root is important and the anatomy of the aortic valve must be considered. In the presence of root aneurysm, most tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves can be preserved. In aortic regurgitation and normal aortic dimensions, the majority of tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves can be repaired with good long-term durability. In bicuspid aortic valves, the morphologic characteristics must be taken into consideration. Unicuspid and quadricuspid aortic valves can be repaired in selected cases. Generally, cusp calcification is a sign of a poor substrate for repair; the same is true for cusp retraction and cusp destruction due to active endocarditis. They are associated with limited valve durability. Summary Using current concepts, many non-calcified aortic valves can be repaired. Modern imaging, in particular three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), should be able to define repairable aortic valves with a high probability.
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9
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Jawitz OK, Raman V, Anand J, Bishawi M, Voigt SL, Doberne J, Vekstein AM, Weissler EH, Turek JW, Hughes GC. Aortic valve repair with a newly approved geometric annuloplasty ring in patients undergoing proximal aortic repair: early results from a single-centre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 57:1137-1144. [PMID: 32011669 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aortic insufficiency (AI) is common in patients with proximal aortic disease, but limited options exist to facilitate aortic valve repair (AVr) in this population. This study reports 'real-world' early results of AVr using newly FDA-approved trileaflet and bicuspid geometric annuloplasty rings for patients with AI undergoing proximal aortic repair (PAR) in a single referral centre. METHODS All patients undergoing AVr with a rigid internal geometric annuloplasty ring (n = 47) in conjunction with PAR (ascending +/- root +/- arch) were included. Thirty-six patients underwent AVr with a trileaflet ring, and 11 patients underwent AVr with a bicuspid ring. The rings were implanted in the subannular position, and concomitant leaflet repair was performed if required for cusp prolapse identified after ring placement. RESULTS The median age was 58 years [interquartile range (IQR) 46-70]. PAR included supracoronary ascending replacement in 26 (55%) patients and remodelling valve-sparing root replacement with selective sinus replacement in 20 (42%) patients. Arch replacement was performed in 38 (81%) patients, including hemi-arch in 34 patients and total arch in 4 patients. There was no 30-day/in-hospital mortality. Preoperative AI was 3-4+ in 37 (79%) patients. Forty-one (87%) patients had zero-trace AI on post-repair transoesophageal echocardiography, and 6 patients had 1+ AI. The median early post-repair mean gradient was 13 mmHg (IQR 5-20). Follow-up imaging was available in 32 (68%) patients at a median of 11 months (IQR 10-13) postsurgery. AI was ≤1+ in 97% of patients with 2+ AI in 1 patient. All patients were alive and free from aortic valve reintervention at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Early results with geometric rigid internal ring annuloplasty for AVr in patients undergoing PAR appear promising and allow a standardized approach to repair with annular diameter reduction and cusp plication when needed. Longer-term follow-up will be required to ensure the durability of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Jawitz
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vignesh Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jatin Anand
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soraya L Voigt
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie Doberne
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew M Vekstein
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E Hope Weissler
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph W Turek
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - G Chad Hughes
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Schneider U, Hofmann C, Schöpe J, Niewald AK, Giebels C, Karliova I, Schäfers HJ. Long-term Results of Differentiated Anatomic Reconstruction of Bicuspid Aortic Valves. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 5:1366-1373. [PMID: 32936224 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) repair has been used in limited cohorts, but its long-term results in a large population are unknown. Objectives To analyze the long-term stability of BAV repair for survival and the factors associated with repair failure and to evaluate whether a differentiated anatomic repair approach may improve repair stability. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, 1024 patients underwent BAV repair for aortic regurgitation or aneurysm between October 1995 and June 2018, with a mean (SD) follow-up time of 56 (49) months and maximum follow-up of 271 months. Systematic modifications in technique based on anatomic principles were introduced in 2009 and applied for the last 727 patients. Data were acquired prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Exposures Repair of BAV with or without concomitant aortic replacement, as well as postoperative clinical and echocardiographic follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures Survival and incidence of reoperation or recurrent aortic regurgitation, as well as factors associated with valve repair failure. Results Among the 1024 patients in the study (920 male [89.8%]; mean [SD] age, 47 [13] years [range, 15-86 years]), the survival rate at 15 years was 82.1%. The cumulative incidence of reoperation was 30.7% (95% CI, 22.7%-38.7%) at 15 years. Cusp calcification (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.14-2.77; P = .01), asymmetric commissural orientation (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.02-3.72; P = .04), and use of a pericardial patch for cusp repair (subdistribution hazard ratio, 5.25; 95% CI, 3.52-7.82; P < .001) were associated with time to reoperation. At 10 years, the incidence of reoperation was significantly reduced among patients who received the anatomic repair concept compared with those who had undergone surgery in the earlier period (8.8% vs 24.6%; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that survival after BAV repair is excellent and that a large proportion of BAV repairs will remain stable. Repair stability can be markedly improved by an anatomic repair concept. Cusp calcification and the need for cusp repair using a patch remain the factors most strongly associated with valve failure. In those instances, valve replacement should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schneider
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christopher Hofmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jakob Schöpe
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Niewald
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Giebels
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Irem Karliova
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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11
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Youssefi P, Lansac E. Aortic annulus and the importance of annuloplasty. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 36:88-96. [PMID: 33061189 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-019-00852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic aortic insufficiency accounts for the majority of Western cases of aortic insufficiency and can be divided into the three phenotypes of isolated aortic insufficiency, dilated aortic root, and dilated ascending aorta. Each of these phenotypes is associated with a dilated annulus and/or sinotubular junction. Recent international guidelines recommend reimplantation or remodeling with aortic annuloplasty for valve-sparing root replacement, as well as consideration of aortic valve repair in cases of aortic insufficiency. A dilated aortic annulus is a major risk factor for failure of aortic valve repair procedures, indicating the need to address the annulus at the time of aortic valve or root repair. Calibrated annuloplasty should be performed at sub- and supravalular levels in order to restore the ratio of the sinotubular junction and annulus and be adapted according to the phenotype of the root and ascending aorta. Standardization of aortic valve repair techniques with use of a calibrated annuloplasty will improve dissemination of techniques and rate of aortic valve repair. Current medical evidence shows that aortic valve repair is safe, produces better quality of life, and reduces valve-related mortality compared to prosthetic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Youssefi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
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12
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Aortenklappenrekonstruktion. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-020-00390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Roselli EE. Bicuspid Valve Repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1232-1233. [PMID: 32687822 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Roselli
- Aortic Valve Center, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Desk J4-1, Cleveland, OH 44195.
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14
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Si MS, Conte JV, Romano JC, Romano MA, Andersen ND, Gerdisch MW, Kupferschmid JP, Fiore AC, Bakhos M, Bonilla JJ, Burke JR, Rankin JS, Wei LM, Badhwar V, Turek JW. Unicuspid Aortic Valve Repair Using Geometric Ring Annuloplasty. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1359-1366. [PMID: 32619617 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unicuspid aortic valves (Sievers type 2 bicuspid) are characterized by major fusion and clefting of the right-left coronary commissure, and minor fusion of the right-noncoronary commissure. Repair has been difficult because of two fusions, variable relative sinus sizes, and peripheral leaflet deficiencies or tears after balloon valvuloplasty. METHODS Twenty unicuspid aortic valves patients underwent valve repair in nine institutions. Right-left major fusion and right-noncoronary minor fusion occurred in 17 of 20 (85%). Commissurotomy was performed on the minor fusion, and a bicuspid annuloplasty ring with circular base geometry and two 180-degree subcommissural posts was sutured beneath the annulus, equalizing the annular circumferences of the fused and nonfused cusps. The nonfused leaflet was plicated, and the cleft in the major fusion was closed linearly until leaflet effective heights and lengths became greater than 8 mm and equal, respectively. RESULTS Average age (mean ± SD) was 22.3 ± 12.3 years (range, 13 to 58), 12 of 20 (60%) were symptomatic, 10 of 20 (50%) required aortic aneurysm resection. Pre-repair hemodynamic data included mean systolic valve gradient 25.8 ± 12.9 mm Hg, aortic insufficiency grade 2.9 ± 1.2, and annular diameter 24.7 ± 3.3 mm. No mortality or major complications occurred. Post-repair annular (ring) size was 20.5 ± 1.3 mm, mean gradient fell to 16.2 ± 5.9 mm Hg, and aortic insufficiency grade decreased to 0.1 ± 0.3 (P < .001). At an average follow-up of 11 months (range, 1 to 22), all 20 patients were asymptomatic and had returned to full activity. CONCLUSIONS Aortic ring annuloplasty reduced annular diameter effectively, recruiting more leaflet to midline coaptation. Minor fusion commissurotomy and annular remodeling to 180-degree commissures converted UAV repair to a simple and reproducible procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John V Conte
- Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew C Fiore
- St Louis University Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
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15
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Ehrlich T, de Kerchove L, Vojacek J, Boodhwani M, El-Hamamsy I, De Paulis R, Lansac E, Bavaria JE, El Khoury G, Schäfers HJ. State-of-the art bicuspid aortic valve repair in 2020. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:457-464. [PMID: 32380025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) frequently require surgical intervention for aortic regurgitation (AR) and/or aneurysm. Valve-preserving surgery and repair of regurgitant BAVs have evolved into an increasingly used alternative to replacement. Anatomic predictors of possible repair failures have been identified and solutions developed. Using current techniques most non-calcified BAVs can be preserved or repaired. Excellent repair durability and freedom from valve-related complications can be achieved if all pathologic components of aortic valve and root including annular dilatation are corrected. Anatomic variations must be addressed using tailored approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ehrlich
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Laurent de Kerchove
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain and Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Vojacek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Hradec K0ralove, Czech Republic
| | - Munir Boodhwani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Ismail El-Hamamsy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn Scholl of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Departement of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Joseph E Bavaria
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Gebrine El Khoury
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain and Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Schäfers HJ. The 10 Commandments for Aortic Valve Repair. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2019; 14:188-198. [DOI: 10.1177/1556984519843909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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17
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David TE. Almost All Incompetent BAV Should Be Repaired. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:661-663. [PMID: 30980931 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The short answer to this topic is "No, most incompetent bicuspid aortic valve should not be repaired." Aortic valve repair certainly plays an important role in the management of incompetent bicuspid aortic valve of young patients, and the selection criteria are like those for incompetent tricuspid aortic valve. The tissue that makes the cusps should normal or have minor abnormalities easily corrected by surgery such as plication of the free margin. In addition, the anatomic orientation of the conjoint and the normal cusps should be approximately at 180°. If the root is dilated, reimplantation of the aortic valve is likely the most reproducible approach, and if the root is not dilated but the annulus is, a subannular annuloplasty and correction of the cusp prolapse is adequate. Most patients with incompetent bicuspid aortic valve have malformed, fibrotic and calcified cusps and replacement with either pulmonary autograft or a mechanical aortic valve in young patients and a bioprosthetic aortic valve are likely to provide better long-term outcomes than aortic valve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirone E David
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Matsushima S, Karliova I, Gauer S, Miyahara S, Schäfers HJ. Geometry of cusp and root determines aortic valve function. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 36:64-70. [PMID: 33061186 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-019-00813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aortic valve is the functional unit of cusp and root. Various geometrical and functional analyses for the aortic valve unit have been executed to understand normal valve configuration and improve aortic valve repair. Different concepts and procedures have then been proposed for reparative approach, and aortic valve repair is still not standardized like mitral valve repair. It has become apparent, however, that interpretation of the geometry of the aortic cusp and root and its appropriate application to operative strategy lead to creating a functioning aortic valve. Herein, the aortic valve geometry and its clinical implications are reviewed to provide information for the selection of appropriate operative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Matsushima
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland Germany
| | - Irem Karliova
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland Germany
| | - Simon Gauer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland Germany
| | - Shunsuke Miyahara
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland Germany
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19
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Miyahara S, Schneider U, Morgenthaler L, Schäfers HJ. (Almost) All Nonstenotic Bicuspid Aortic Valves Should Be Preserved or Repaired. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:656-660. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Intraoperative Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71617-6_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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21
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Schneider U, Feldner SK, Hofmann C, Schöpe J, Wagenpfeil S, Giebels C, Schäfers HJ. Two decades of experience with root remodeling and valve repair for bicuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 153:S65-S71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Schneider U, Hofmann C, Aicher D, Takahashi H, Miura Y, Schäfers HJ. Suture Annuloplasty Significantly Improves the Durability of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:504-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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24
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Roselli EE. Invited Commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:90-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Rergkliang C, Chittithavorn V, Chetpaophan A, Vasinanukorn P. Surgery for Aortic Insufficiency Associated with Ventricular Septal Defect. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 13:61-4. [PMID: 15793054 DOI: 10.1177/021849230501300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve repair in children is a challenge. We have adopted a technique of single aortic cusp extension with an autologous pericardial strip in patients diagnosed with severe aortic insufficiency (AI) associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The purpose of this study was to report the short-term outcomes. Seven patients were operated on between January 2002 and December 2003. The mean age was 11.28 ± 2.1 years (range 8–14 years). The VSD was closed with a synthetic patch. Aortic cusp extension was performed at the right coronary cusp in 6 patients and the remainder had a non-coronary cusp extension. The mean diastolic arterial pressure increased from 35.71 ± 6.09 to 74.28 ± 7.31 mm Hg after the operation ( p < 0.001). The postoperative grade of AI was trivial in 4 patients, mild in 1 patient and non-existent in 2 patients. The mean follow-up period was 12.85 ± 6.12 months (range 2–20 months). This technique is very effective in patients with severe AI associated with a VSD. However, long-term durability will need to be carefully followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chareonkiat Rergkliang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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26
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Chotivatanapong T, Chaiseri P, Kasemsarn C, Yotthasurodom C, Sungkahapong V, Cholitkul S. Aortic Valve Reconstruction: Midterm Results from Central Chest Hospital. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/021849230000800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From September 1994 to September 1999, 50 patients underwent successful aortic valve reconstruction. Four were lost to follow-up, there were 2 early and 2 late deaths. The remaining 35 males and 11 females (mean age, 39.1 years) were followed up for 1 to 61 months (mean, 30.75 months). Most had rheumatic disease (27), the others had infective endocarditis (16) or degenerative disease (3). There was isolated aortic valve disease in 22 cases, double-valve disease in 16, triple-valve disease in 7, and 1 other. Preoperative aortic regurgitation was severe in most cases and the mean ejection fraction was 55.3%. Surgical procedures included subcommissural annuloplasty (14), cusp thinning (13), commissurotomy (10), and free-edge unrolling (10). Cusp extension with autologous pericardium was performed in 9 patients and aortic valve replacement with autologous pericardium in 22. Nine patients needed aortic valve replacement at a mean of 15.8 months postoperatively. The other 33 patients experienced marked improvements in aortic valve function. Aortic valve reconstruction is recommended in selected patients but reoperation remains an important problem. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the role of this operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praditchai Chaiseri
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Division Central Chest Hospital Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Choosak Kasemsarn
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Division Central Chest Hospital Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Vibhan Sungkahapong
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Division Central Chest Hospital Nonthaburi, Thailand
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27
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Kunihara T. Annular management during aortic valve repair: a systematic review. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 64:63-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-015-0602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Furukawa H, Tanemoto K. Current topics on bicuspid aortic valve: clinical aspects and surgical management. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 21:314-21. [PMID: 26095042 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.ra.15-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) has been identified as the most common heart valve anomaly and is considered to be a heritable disorder that affects various cardiovascular disorders, including aortopathy. Current topics regarding the clinical management of BAV including surgical strategies with or without concomitant aortic repair or replacement are attracting interest, in addition to the pathological and morphological aspects of BAV as well as aortopathy. However, surgical indications are still being debated and are dependent on current clinical guidelines and surgeons' preferences. Although clinical guidelines have already been established for the management of BAV with or without aortopathy, many studies on clinical management and surgical techniques involving various kinds of subjects have previously been published. Although a large number of studies concerning the clinical aspects of BAV have been reviewed in detail, controversy still surrounds the clinical and surgical management of BAV. Therefore, surgeons should carefully consider valve pathology when deciding whether to replace the ascending aorta. In this review, we summarized current topics on BAV and the surgical management of diseased BAV with or without aortopathy based on previous findings, including catheter-based interventional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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29
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Žáček P, Vojáček J, Dominik J, Harrer J. A history of the surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation. COR ET VASA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The key for successful valve repair is full understanding of the regurgitant mechanism and sufficient evaluation of the valve. Currently, multidetector computed tomography has been introduced for evaluation. The aortic valve can be analyzed in details preoperatively. The main causes of aortic regurgitation (AR) in the adult population are degenerative leaflet change and annulus dilatation. Restoration to normal structure can be accomplished mainly by plication. Central leaflet plication near the Arantius nodule is a simple technique for redundant tissue. For leaflet deficiency, pericardial patch plasty may be an option. No universal technique exists for plication of the aortic annulus. The valve-sparing aortic root replacement firmly stabilizes the ventriculo-aortic junction (VAJ) and assures repair durability even in patients with mild to moderate root dilatation. Subcommissural annuloplasty (Cabrol stitch) does not seem sufficient for the prevention of VAJ dilatation. Circumferential annuloplasties may have a greater potential. However, convenient device for annular plication is still in development. The bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital heart valve lesion. A basic technique is free margin plication of the fused leaflet. Aortic root dilatation may contribute to AR severity. Valve-sparing aortic root replacement may improve repair durability. Considering the great advances in valve repair, young patients with AR should be informed that valve repair is a promising option for surgical treatment.
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31
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David TE. Current readings: Aortic valve-sparing operations. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 26:231-8. [PMID: 25527017 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 2 decades since aortic valve-sparing operations were introduced to preserve the aortic valve in patients with aortic root aneurysm. Remodeling of the aortic root is physiologically superior to reimplantation of the aortic valve, mostly because it preserves the aortic annulus movement during the cardiac cycle. However, several comparative studies have shown that reimplantation of the aortic valve has provided more stable aortic valve function than remodeling of the aortic root. This difference in outcomes is largely because of patients׳ selection. Remodeling of the aortic root has been associated with high failure rates in patients with aneurysms associated with genetic syndromes and bicuspid aortic valves with dilated aortic annulus, but it has provided excellent long-term results in older patients with aortic root aneurysms secondary to ascending aortic aneurysms and normal aortic annulus. Thus, both techniques are useful in preserving the aortic valve. With either technique, restoration of normal aortic annulus and cusp geometry is the single most important technical aspect of these operations. In addition to having a competent valve with no or trivial aortic insufficiency at the end of the operation, there must be no cusp prolapse and the coaptation level of the cusps has to be well above the level of the nadir of the aortic annulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirone E David
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery of Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at Toronto, General Hospital; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada..
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32
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Técnicas de reparación valvular aórtica. CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Holubec T, Zacek P, Jamaliramin M, Emmert MY, Tuna M, Nedbal P, Dominik J, Harrer J, Falk V, Vojacek J. Valve cuspidity: a risk factor for aortic valve repair? J Card Surg 2014; 29:585-92. [PMID: 24919866 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze short- and mid-term results after aortic valve (AV) repair with particular regard to the impact of valve cuspidity (bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valve). METHODS One hundred patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) undergoing aortic valve repair between November 2007 and October 2012 were included in the study. Sixty patients had bicuspid AV (BAV group; 11 females) and 40 patients had tricuspid AV (TAV group; 13 females). AR > grade 2 was present in 47 (78%) patients in the BAV and in 35 (88%) patients in the TAV group. Follow-up was complete in 100% and median was 25 months. RESULTS Isolated aortic valve repair was performed in 27 (45%) of BAV patients and in six (15%) of TAV patients. Replacement of the ascending aorta and/or aortic root was performed in 33 (55%) of BAV patients and in 34 (86%) of TAV patients. There was no death within 30 days postoperatively, while two patients died (TAV group) during the follow-up period. There was no statistical difference between BAV and TAV groups with regard to the survival (100 ± 0% vs. 95 ± 4%, p = 0.102), the three-year freedom from AV-related reoperation (90 ± 5% vs. 89 ± 6%, p = 0.456), and the three-year freedom from AR grade > 2 (86 ± 6% vs. 82 ± 7%, p = 0.866), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates no difference in mid-term results after regurgitant bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve repair, suggesting that bicuspid valve may not be a risk factor for aortic valve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Holubec
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Technische Durchführung der Aortenklappenrekonstruktion. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-013-1070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Ozaki S, Kawase I, Yamashita H, Uchida S, Nozawa Y, Takatoh M, Hagiwara S, Kiyohara N. Reconstruction of bicuspid aortic valve with autologous pericardium--usefulness of tricuspidization. Circ J 2014; 78:1144-51. [PMID: 24614492 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the surgical treatment of bicuspid aortic valve with original aortic valve reconstruction. METHODS AND RESULTS Aortic valve reconstruction was done in 102 patients with bicuspid aortic valve from April 2007 through September 2011. Thirty-four patients with ascending aortic diameter >45 mm underwent hemi-arch aortic replacement concomitantly. Seventy-seven patients had aortic stenosis, and 25 had aortic regurgitation (AR). Mean age was 63.7±10.0 years old. There were 55 men and 47 women. Harvested pericardium is treated with 0.6% glutaraldehyde solution. The distance between commissures is measured with an original sizing instrument. For bicuspid valve with raphe, the raphe is considered as a commissure in order to measure the distance between each commissure. Without a raphe, we create a new annular margin and commissure using coronary ostium and the sizing instrument as a guide. Then, pericardium is trimmed with original template. Three cusps are sutured independently. The preoperative averaged peak pressure gradient of 71.1±39.0 mmHg was decreased to 16.2±8.8, 13.3±6.0, and 13.9±5.6 mmHg, respectively 1 week, 1 year, and 3 years after operation. AR was trivial. One reoperation was recorded. Mean follow-up was 733 days. There were 5 late mortalities. No thromboembolic event was recorded. CONCLUSIONS Medium-term results were excellent. Tricuspidization gave good opening and closure of aortic valve with excellent hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Ozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
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Aicher D, Schäfers HJ. Aortic valve repair--current status, indications, and outcomes. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [PMID: 23200074 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve repair is a new development with old roots. In the past 20 years, marked progress has been made in understanding the normal anatomy of the aortic valve and the interrelation between cusps and root. Aortic dilatation is the single most frequent pathogenetic factor in aortic regurgitation, accompanied by cusp pathology, that is, prolapse or congenital anomaly in most industrialized countries. Frequently, aortic and cusp pathology coexist. Different operative techniques have been established for correction of aortic and cusp pathology. Experience has shown that the combined application of repair procedures will lead to good results if normal valve and cusp configuration is achieved. Some congenital anomalies may require design alteration of the aortic valve. Low-operative mortality rates have been reported consistently. When adequate repair durability is achieved, the incidence of valve-related complications is lower than what has been reported for valve replacement. Aortic valve repair is currently in transition from surgical improvisation to a reproducible operation and an option for many patients with aortic regurgitation. Current research focuses on some special aspects, such as stabilization of the basal ring, ideal material and technique for cusp replacement, and more objective information on ideal valve configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aicher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Aicher D, Schneider U, Schmied W, Kunihara T, Tochii M, Schäfers HJ. Early results with annular support in reconstruction of the bicuspid aortic valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 145:S30-4. [PMID: 23260458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repair of the bicuspid aortic valve may be performed in aortic regurgitation and aneurysm. Dilatation of the atrioventricular junction has been identified as a risk factor for repair failure, and we have used suture annuloplasty to correct atrioventricular junction enlargement. The objective was to compare the early results of aortic repair with and without annuloplasty. METHODS Between November 1995 and January 12, a total of 559 patients were treated with bicuspid aortic valve repair for predominant regurgitation (n = 389), aortic aneurysm (n = 158), or acute dissection (n = 12). Isolated valve repair (aortic valve repair) was performed for aortic valve regurgitation with preserved aortic dimensions (n = 208) and sinotubular junction remodeling plus valve repair for aortic aneurysm and preserved root size (n = 116). Root remodeling was used for dilatation involving the root (n = 235). In 193 patients, dilatation of the atrioventricular junction (>27 mm) was corrected with suture annuloplasty. RESULTS Hospital mortality was 0.5% (n = 3); 2 patients required pacemaker implantation. Reoperation was necessary for recurrent regurgitation (n = 54) or stenosis (n = 2); 10-year freedom from reoperation was 82% but was inferior after isolated valve repair (70%, P = .007) compared with the 2 other techniques. Application of suture annuloplasty improved 3-year freedom from reoperation after isolated repair (84%) to 92% (P = .07). In all groups, the proportion of patients with no or trivial regurgitation was significantly higher with annuloplasty. CONCLUSIONS Preservation of the bicuspid aortic valve is feasible in many patients. Long-term stability of the repaired valves is good; the negative impact of a dilated atrioventricular junction can be reduced by suture annuloplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aicher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Fattouch K, Murana G, Castrovinci S, Nasso G, Mossuto C, Corrado E, Ruvolo G, Speziale G. Outcomes of aortic valve repair according to valve morphology and surgical techniques. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012; 15:644-50. [PMID: 22761124 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivs195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of aortic valve morphology and different surgical aortic valve repair techniques on long-term clinical outcomes. METHODS Between February 2003 and May 2010, 216 patients with aortic insufficiency underwent aortic valve repair in our institution. Ages ranged between 26 and 82 years (mean 53 ± 15 years). Aortic valve dysfunctions, according to functional classification, were: type I in 55 patients (25.5%), type II in 126 (58.3%) and type III in 35 (16.2%). Sixty-six patients (27.7%) had a bicuspid valve. Aortic valve repair techniques included sub-commissural plasty in 138 patients, plication in 84, free-edge reinforcement in 80, resection of raphe plus re-suturing in 40 and the chordae technique in 52. Concomitant surgical procedures were CABG in 22 (10%) patients, mitral valve repair in 12 (5.5%), aortic valve-sparing re-implantation in 78 (36%) and ascending aorta replacement in 69 (32%). Mean follow-up was 42 ± 16 months and was 100% complete. RESULTS There were six early deaths (2.7%). Overall late survival was 91.5% (18 late deaths). There were 15 (6.9%) late cardiac-related deaths. NYHA functional class was ≤ II in all patients. At follow-up, 28 (14.5%) patients had recurrent aortic insufficiency ≥ grade II. The freedom from valve-related events was significantly different between bicuspid and tricuspid valve implantation (P < 0.01), between type I + II and type III (P < 0.001) dysfunction and between the chordae technique and plication, compared to free-edge reinforcement (P < 0.01). Statistically-significant differences were found between patients who underwent aortic valve repair plus root re-implantation, compared to those who underwent isolated aortic valve repair (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Aortic valve repair including aortic annulus stabilization is a safe surgical option with either tricuspid or bicuspid valves; even more so if associated with root re-implantation. Patients with calcified bicuspid valves have poor results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Fattouch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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de Kerchove L, Vismara R, Mangini A, Fiore GB, Price J, Noirhomme P, Antona C, El Khoury G. In vitro comparison of three techniques for ventriculo-aortic junction annuloplasty. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41:1117-23; discussion 1123-4. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezr237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Murugesan C, Rao P, Banakal SC, Appajaiah CB, Muralidhar K, Rao PV, Shetty DP. Unusual Short-Axis Aortic Valve View. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011; 25:199-201. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Aicher D, Kunihara T, Abou Issa O, Brittner B, Gräber S, Schäfers HJ. Valve Configuration Determines Long-Term Results After Repair of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Circulation 2011; 123:178-85. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.934679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Reconstruction of the regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve has been performed for >10 years, but there is limited information on long-term results. We analyzed our results to determine the predictors of suboptimal outcome.
Methods and Results—
Between November 1995 and December 2008, 316 patients (age, 49±14 years; male, 268) underwent reconstruction of a regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve. Intraoperative assessment included extent of fusion, root dimensions, circumferential orientation of the 2 normal commissures (>160°, ≤160°), and effective height after repair. Cusp pathology was treated by central plication (n=277), triangular resection (n=138), or pericardial patch (n=94). Root dilatation was treated by subcommissural plication (n=100), root remodeling (n=122), or valve reimplantation (n=2). All patients were followed up echocardiographically (cumulative follow-up, 1253 years; mean, 4±3.1 years). Clinical and morphological parameters were analyzed for correlation with 10-year freedom from reoperation with the Cox proportional hazards model. Hospital mortality was 0.63%; survival was 92% at 10 years. Freedom from reoperation at 5 and 10 years was 88% and 81%; freedom from valve replacement, 95% and 84%. By univariable analysis, statistically significant predictors of reoperation were age (hazard ratio [HR]=0.97), aortoventricular diameter (HR=1.24), effective height (HR=0.76), commissural orientation (HR=0.95), use of a pericardial patch (HR=7.63), no root replacement (HR=3.80), subcommissural plication (HR=2.07), and preoperative aortic regurgitation grade 3 or greater. By multivariable analysis, statistically significant predictors for reoperation were age (HR=0.96), aortoventricular diameter (HR=1.30), effective height (HR=0.74), commissural orientation (HR=0.96), and use of a pericardial patch (HR=5.16).
Conclusions—
Reconstruction of bicuspid aortic valve can be performed reproducibly with good early results. Recurrence and progression of regurgitation, however, may occur, depending primarily on anatomic features of the valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aicher
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.A., T.K., O.A.I., B.B., H.-J.S.) and Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, (S.G.) University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Takashi Kunihara
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.A., T.K., O.A.I., B.B., H.-J.S.) and Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, (S.G.) University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Omar Abou Issa
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.A., T.K., O.A.I., B.B., H.-J.S.) and Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, (S.G.) University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Brittner
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.A., T.K., O.A.I., B.B., H.-J.S.) and Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, (S.G.) University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gräber
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.A., T.K., O.A.I., B.B., H.-J.S.) and Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, (S.G.) University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.A., T.K., O.A.I., B.B., H.-J.S.) and Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, (S.G.) University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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Repair of regurgitant bicuspid aortic valves: A systematic approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:276-284.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ashikhmina E, Sundt TM, Dearani JA, Connolly HM, Li Z, Schaff HV. Repair of the bicuspid aortic valve: A viable alternative to replacement with a bioprosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:1395-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Correction of leaflet prolapse extends the spectrum of patients suitable for valve-sparing aortic root replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 37:1311-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Schäfers HJ, Langer F, Glombitza P, Kunihara T, Fries R, Aicher D. Aortic valve reconstruction in myxomatous degeneration of aortic valves: Are fenestrations a risk factor for repair failure? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:660-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tekumit H, Cenal AR, Tataroglu C, Uzun K, Polat A, Akinci E. Cusp shaving for concomitant mild to moderate rheumatic aortic insufficiency. J Card Surg 2009; 25:16-22. [PMID: 19874414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2009.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the early and mid-term results of patients who underwent cardiac operations due to cardiac pathologies other than aortic valve (AV) disease, but also had mild-to-moderate aortic valve insufficiency that was repaired during the same session. METHODS A total of 43 patients who underwent AV repair for mild-to-moderate aortic insufficiency between January 2003 and February 2009, in addition to the procedure performed for their main pathology necessitating the surgical intervention, were included in the present study. Cardiac function was evaluated, before and after the operation. RESULTS Hospital mortality rate was 4.6% (two patients). After the operations, significant improvements were observed in aortic insufficiency (0.57 +/- 0.50 vs. 2.86 +/- 0.48, p = 0.001), New York Heart Association class (1.08 +/- 0.28 vs. 3.03 +/- 0.44, p = 0.001), and left atrial diameter (47.37 +/- 9.28 vs. 42.35 +/- 7.02; p = 0.001). However, left ventricular end diastolic and end-systolic diameters remained unchanged. Two patients were re-operated for AV disease during the follow-up period; thus, at five years, the rate of freedom from re-operation due to AV pathology was 90.7 +/- 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS Cusp shaving is a feasible option that can be performed with low risk for concomitant aortic insufficiency.
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Jeong DS, Kim KH, Ahn H. Long-term results of the leaflet extension technique in aortic regurgitation: thirteen years of experience in a single center. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:83-9. [PMID: 19559198 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the effectiveness and durability of the leaflet extension technique for correction of aortic regurgitation (AR) and the long-term clinical results. METHODS Between March 1995 and August 2004, 41 consecutive patients were included. The mean age was 32.2 +/- 13.9 years. The causes of AR were rheumatic in 31 patients (75.5%), degenerative in 2 patients (4.9%), bicuspid aortic valve in 4 patients (9.8%), infective endocarditis in 1 patient (2.4%), and congenital in 3 patients (7.3%). Leaflet extensions were performed in three leaflets for 32 patients, two leaflets for 3 patients, and only one leaflet for 6 patients. The mean follow-up duration was 92.9 +/- 48.4 months. RESULTS There were no early deaths and 2 late deaths. One patient died of cancer and the other patient died of infective endocarditis. The cardiac-related mortality was 2.4% (1 of 41 patients). During a mean follow-up of 7 years, severe AR was detected in 1 patient and moderate AR in 6 patients (17.0%; 7 of 41 patients). The causes of recurrent AR were infective endocarditis in 3 patients, disease progression in 3 patients, and Behçet's diseases in 1 patient. We performed 6 reoperations (14.6%), 3 in patients owing to infective endocarditis, 2 in patients owing to disease progression, and 1 in a patient owing to the suture dehiscence associated with Behçet's disease. The cumulative survival was 92.6% at 13 years. Freedom from recurrent AR was 97.5% at 5 years, 81.7% at 10 years, and 68.1% at 13 years. CONCLUSIONS The long-term durability of the leaflet extension technique was acceptable. The reoperations increased with time, but pericardial leaflet dysfunction was not the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Seop Jeong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Borame Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Stewart WJ, Savage RM. Intraoperative Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-293-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Pettersson GB, Crucean AC, Savage R, Halley CM, Grimm RA, Svensson LG, Naficy S, Gillinov AM, Feng J, Blackstone EH. Toward predictable repair of regurgitant aortic valves: a systematic morphology-directed approach to bicommissural repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:40-9. [PMID: 18582633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to investigate a new approach to bicommissural repair of regurgitant aortic valves. BACKGROUND Repair of regurgitant aortic valves is not widely accepted, but interest is increasing, particularly for bicuspid valves. We hypothesize that a systematic, segmental approach to morphology and corresponding morphology-directed repair will improve decision making and success. METHODS From December 2001 to July 2007, a systematic surgical approach to valve analysis and bicommissural repair was applied prospectively to 63 consecutive patients with pure aortic valve regurgitation, mean age 40 +/- 12 years. Cusp, commissure, and root morphologies were analyzed sequentially by direct inspection. Each abnormality was corrected by corresponding morphology-directed repair procedures. Retrospectively, 2 echocardiographic indexes--of tissue pliability (change in systolic to diastolic area) and coaptation deficiency (conjoint and reference cusp heights vs. "annulus" diameter)--were developed to evaluate repairability. RESULTS Forty-two (67%) valves were repaired and 21 (33%) replaced. Regurgitation was related primarily to cusp (prolapse, restriction) and commissure (splaying) morphology; root pathology was less important. Morphology-directed repair included cusp maneuvers in all, commissural maneuvers in 71%, and root procedures in 33%. Restriction and cusp tissue deficiency limited repairability. Echocardiography reflected this in greater tissue pliability of successfully repaired valves compared with replaced ones (conjoint cusp 61 +/- 16% vs. 34 +/- 17%; reference cusp 65 +/- 16% vs. 42 +/- 16%; p = 0.0001) and less coaptation deficiency (1.06 +/- 0.24 for repaired and 1.27 +/- 0.19 for replaced valves; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Systematic segmental analysis of morphology and a logical morphology-directed surgical approach facilitate aortic valve repair. Initial application of this paradigm suggests sufficient mobile cusp tissue is a key determinant of repairability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Aicher D, Langer F, Adam O, Tscholl D, Lausberg H, Schäfers HJ. Cusp repair in aortic valve reconstruction: Does the technique affect stability? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134:1533-8; discussion 1538-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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