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Sedmera D, Kvasilova A, Eckhardt A, Kacer P, Penicka M, Kocka M, Schindler D, Kaban R, Kockova R. Fibrosis and expression of extracellular matrix proteins in human interventricular septum in aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:367-379. [PMID: 38347221 PMCID: PMC11045568 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Valvular heart disease leads to ventricular pressure and/or volume overload. Pressure overload leads to fibrosis, which might regress with its resolution, but the limits and details of this reverse remodeling are not known. To gain more insight into the extent and nature of cardiac fibrosis in valve disease, we analyzed needle biopsies taken from the interventricular septum of patients undergoing surgery for valve replacement focusing on the expression and distribution of major extracellular matrix protein involved in this process. Proteomic analysis performed using mass spectrometry revealed an excellent correlation between the expression of collagen type I and III, but there was little correlation with the immunohistochemical staining performed on sister sections, which included antibodies against collagen I, III, fibronectin, sarcomeric actin, and histochemistry for wheat germ agglutinin. Surprisingly, the immunofluorescence intensity did not correlate significantly with the gold standard for fibrosis quantification, which was performed using Picrosirius Red (PSR) staining, unless multiplexed on the same tissue section. There was also little correlation between the immunohistochemical markers and pressure gradient severity. It appears that at least in humans, the immunohistochemical pattern of fibrosis is not clearly correlated with standard Picrosirius Red staining on sister sections or quantitative proteomic data, possibly due to tissue heterogeneity at microscale, comorbidities, or other patient-specific factors. For precise correlation of different types of staining, multiplexing on the same section is the best approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1024, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Kvasilova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Eckhardt
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1024, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kacer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Penicka
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Matej Kocka
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Schindler
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ron Kaban
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kockova
- Na Homolce Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, 150 30, Prague, Czech Republic
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Danial P, Moiroux-Sahraoui A, Nelly A, Pontailler M, Gaudin R, Lansac E, Pavy C, Bonnet D, Vouhé P, Raisky O. Outcomes of aortic valve repair in children stratified by complexity: Which outcome for which lesion? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:1533-1542.e6. [PMID: 38008207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic valvuloplasty frequency has significantly increased over the past 15 years. Surgical repair varies in complexity depending on valvular lesions. Our aim is to report results on the whole spectrum of aortic valvuloplasty techniques. METHODS All children who consecutively underwent aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis and/or aortic insufficiency between January 2006 and December 2020 at Necker Sick Children's Hospital (Paris, France) were included in a retrospective cohort study. Aortic valvuloplasty techniques were classified into 3 difficulty levels: (1) simple repair, corresponding to commissurotomy and/or shaving in aortic stenosis (AS) in neonates (group 1) and children >1 month (group 2); (2) intermediate-complexity repair, corresponding to commissuroplasty, leaflet resuspension, and fenestration closure in aortic insufficiency (leaflet prolapse in connective tissue disease, isolated leaflet prolapse and Laubry-Pezzi groups); and (3) complex repair requiring a pericardial patch to restore a functional aortic valve in mixed aortic valve disease (bicuspidization with neocommissure and cusp extension groups). RESULTS During the study period, 324 children underwent aortic valvuloplasty. Survival and freedom from aortic valve reintervention at 10 years were, respectively, 86.1% and 50.9% in neonates with AS, 95.2% and 71.7% in children >1 month with AS, 93.8% and 79.5% in leaflet prolapse in connective tissue disease, 97.7% and 91.9% in isolated leaflet prolapse, 100% and 88% in those with Laubry-Pezzi syndrome, 97.4% and 84.8% in bicuspidization with neocommissure, and 100% and 54.2% in the cusp extension. CONCLUSIONS Durability of aortic valvuloplasty techniques is satisfactory and offers the possibility to delay the Ross procedure, regardless of the lesion's complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichoy Danial
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France; INI-CRCT, F-CRIN, Nancy, France
| | - Alexander Moiroux-Sahraoui
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Asma Nelly
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Pontailler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Régis Gaudin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Carine Pavy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Vouhé
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Raisky
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
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Roslan A, Soon CK, Sin TY, Aktifanus ATJ, Ling SS, Boon WK, Rusani BI, Hadi HA, Kolanthaivelu J, Yahaya SA, Dillon J, Yunus AM. Surgical aortic valve replacement etiologies, hemodynamics, and outcomes in 1346 patients from the Malaysian heart centre. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:3. [PMID: 38167451 PMCID: PMC10762830 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the characteristics and outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) both isolated and in combination with other cardiac surgery in Malaysia from 2015 to 2021. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 1346 patients analyzed on the basis of medical records, echocardiograms and surgical reports. The overall sample was both considered as a whole and divided into aortic stenosis (AS)/aortic regurgitation (AR)-predominant and similar-severity subgroups. RESULTS The most common diagnosis was severe AS (34.6%), with the 3 most common etiologies being bicuspid valve degeneration (45.3%), trileaflet valve degeneration (36.3%) and rheumatic valve disease (12.2%). The second most common diagnosis was severe AR (25.5%), with the most common etiologies being root dilatation (21.0%), infective endocarditis (IE) (16.6%) and fused prolapse (12.2%). Rheumatic valve disease was the most common mixed disease. A total of 54.5% had AS-predominant pathology (3 most common etiologies: bicuspid valve degeneration valve, degenerative trileaflet valve and rheumatic valve disease), 36.9% had AR-predominant pathology (top etiologies: root dilatation, rheumatic valve disease and IE), and 8.6% had similar severity of AS and AR. Overall, 62.9% of patients had trileaflet valve morphology, 33.3% bicuspid, 0.6% unicuspid and 0.3% quadricuspid. For AS, the majority were high-gradient severe AS (49.9%), followed by normal-flow low-gradient (LG) severe AS (10.0%), paradoxical low-flow (LF)-LG severe AS (6.4%) and classical LF-LG severe AS (6.1%). The overall in-hospital and total 1-year mortality rates were 6.4% and 14.8%, respectively. Pure severe AS had the highest mortality. For AS-predominant pathology, the etiology with the highest mortality was trileaflet valve degeneration; for AR-predominant pathology, it was dissection. The overall survival probability at 5 years was 79.5% in all patients, 75.7% in the AS-predominant subgroup, 83.3% in the AR-predominant subgroup, and 87.3% in the similar-severity subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The 3 most common causes of AS- predominant patients undergoing SAVR is bicuspid valve degeneration, degenerative trileaflet valve and rheumatic and for AR-predominant is root dilatation, rheumatic and IE. Rheumatic valve disease is an important etiology in our SAVR patients especially in mixed aortic valve disease. Study registration IJNREC/562/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslannif Roslan
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chong Kee Soon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tey Yee Sin
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tantawi Jauhari Aktifanus
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soh Si Ling
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wong Kian Boon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Beni I Rusani
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hafidz Abd Hadi
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jayakhanthan Kolanthaivelu
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaiful Azmi Yahaya
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeswant Dillon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alwi M Yunus
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Malahfji M, Saeed M, Zoghbi WA. Aortic Regurgitation: Review of the Diagnostic Criteria and the Management Guidelines. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1373-1380. [PMID: 37715804 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The evaluation of aortic regurgitation (AR) has advanced from physical examination and angiography towards evidence based non-invasive quantitative methods, primarily with echocardiography and more recently with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). This review highlights the guidelines and recent evidence in the diagnosis and management of AR; and outlines future areas of research. RECENT FINDINGS Contemporary large cohorts of AR patients studied with echocardiography and CMR suggest that the left ventricular remodeling and systolic function triggers for intervention may be lower than previously recommended in the guidelines and emphasize the importance of LV volumes in risk stratification. Important gaps of knowledge in the quantitation of AR severity and patient risk stratification were fulfilled recently. Potential thresholds for intervention using ventricular volumes and CMR quantitative findings were recently described. The criteria for what constitutes hemodynamically significant AR and the optimal timing of intervention AR deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan Malahfji
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6550 Fannin Street, Smith Tower - Suite 1801, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mujtaba Saeed
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6550 Fannin Street, Smith Tower - Suite 1801, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William A Zoghbi
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6550 Fannin Street, Smith Tower - Suite 1801, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Assmann AK, Goschmer D, Sugimura Y, Chekhoeva A, Barth M, Assmann A, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. A Role for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonists in Counteracting the Degeneration of Cardiovascular Grafts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 79:e103-e115. [PMID: 34654784 PMCID: PMC8728763 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aortic valve replacement for severe stenosis is a standard procedure in cardiovascular medicine. However, the use of biological prostheses has limitations especially in young patients because of calcifying degeneration, resulting in implant failure. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, was shown to decrease the degeneration of native aortic valves. In this study, we aim to examine the impact of pioglitazone on inflammation and calcification of aortic valve conduits (AoC) in a rat model. Cryopreserved AoC (n = 40) were infrarenally implanted into Wistar rats treated with pioglitazone (75 mg/kg chow; n = 20, PIO) or untreated (n = 20, controls). After 4 or 12 weeks, AoC were explanted and analyzed by histology, immunohistology, and polymerase chain reaction. Pioglitazone significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory markers and reduced the macrophage-mediated inflammation in PIO compared with controls after 4 (P = 0.03) and 12 weeks (P = 0.012). Chondrogenic transformation was significantly decreased in PIO after 12 weeks (P = 0.001). Calcification of the intima and media was significantly reduced after 12 weeks in PIO versus controls (intima: P = 0.008; media: P = 0.025). Moreover, echocardiography revealed significantly better functional outcome of the AoC in PIO after 12 weeks compared with control. Interestingly, significantly increased intima hyperplasia could be observed in PIO compared with controls after 12 weeks (P = 0.017). Systemic PPAR-gamma activation prevents inflammation as well as intima and media calcification in AoC and seems to inhibit functional impairment of the implanted aortic valve. To further elucidate the therapeutic role of PPAR-gamma regulation for graft durability, translational studies and long-term follow-up data should be striven for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kathrin Assmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Goschmer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Yukiharu Sugimura
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Agunda Chekhoeva
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Assmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Ninomiya K, Yahagi K, Asami M, Tanaka T, Tomii D, Tanaka J, Komiyama K, Yokozuka M, Miura S, Aoki J, Tanabe K. Corroborative Autopsy Findings for Current Concerns After Implantation of Self-Expandable Transcatheter Heart Valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 13:261-262. [PMID: 31883722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ninomiya
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yahagi
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Asami
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daijiro Tomii
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Komiyama
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Yokozuka
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Miura
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Aoki
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Tanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu W, Liu M, Wang B, He L, Li Y, Xie M. Involvement of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve Mimicking a Mass in Takayasu Arteritis. J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37:2955-2958. [PMID: 29665041 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Manwei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuman Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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Vriz O, Bertin N, Bossone E, Palatini P. Aortic Diameters and Mild Functional Aortic Regurgitation in Hypertensive and Normotensive People: Do They Carry the Same Meaning? J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37:2171-2180. [PMID: 29451314 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between the aortic root diameter and aortic regurgitation in hypertensive and normotensive people is still disputed, and the underlying mechanisms remain to be clearly elucidated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the aortic root diameter and trivial to mild functional aortic regurgitation in never-treated hypertensive patients with a new diagnosis compared with healthy normotensive participants. METHODS A total of 182 hypertensives and 232 age-matched normotensives were included in the study. Anthropometric and office blood pressure (BP) measurements, echocardiography, and a carotid stiffness assessment were performed in all of the participants. Aortic measures for the annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta were taken in late diastole according to the leading-edge method. RESULTS The mean age of all participants was 52 years. Hypertensive patients had a significantly higher body surface area, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure (P < .0001) than normotensive participants. Annulus and sinotubular junction diameters adjusted for confounders and indexed to the body surface area were significantly higher in normotensives than in hypertensives. The prevalence of functional aortic regurgitation was higher in hypertensives (34.8% versus 15.4%; P < .0001). Among the hypertensives, no difference in aortic diameters was found between patients with or without functional aortic regurgitation, whereas normotensives with functional aortic regurgitation had larger aortic root diameters. Aging and BP among the hypertensives were the main determinants of functional aortic regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive patients had a smaller indexed aortic root diameter than normotensive participants but had a higher prevalence of trivial to mild functional aortic regurgitation. The aging process is the main determinant of functional aortic regurgitation in both groups, but high BP also plays an important role in hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Cardiology and Emergency Department, Sant'Antonio Hospital, San Daniele del Friuli, Italy
| | - Nicole Bertin
- Cardiology and Emergency Department, Sant'Antonio Hospital, San Daniele del Friuli, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Department of Cardiology, Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast Hospital, Heart Department, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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9
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Wilhelm CM, Truxal KV, McBride KL, Kovalchin JP, Flanigan KM. Natural history of echocardiographic abnormalities in mucopolysaccharidosis III. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:131-134. [PMID: 29735373 PMCID: PMC7202061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type III, Sanfilippo Syndrome, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. MPS I and II patients often develop cardiac involvement leading to early mortality, however there are limited data in MPS III. The objective of this study is to describe cardiac abnormalities in a large group of MPS III patients followed in a longitudinal natural history study designed to determine outcome measures for gene transfer trials. METHODS A single center study of MPS III patients who were enrolled in the Nationwide Children's Hospital natural history study in 2014. Two cardiologists reviewed all patient echocardiograms for anatomic, valvular, and functional abnormalities. Valve abnormalities were defined as abnormal morphology, trivial mitral regurgitation (MR) with abnormal morphology or at least mild MR, and any aortic regurgitation (AR). Abnormal left ventricular (LV) function was defined as ejection fraction < 50%. Group comparisons were assessed using two-sample t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. RESULTS Twenty-five patients, 15 Type A and 10 Type B MPS III, underwent 45 echocardiograms. Fifteen patients (60%) demonstrated an abnormal echocardiographic finding with age at first abnormal echocardiogram within the study being 6.8 ± 2.8 years. Left-sided valve abnormalities were common over time: 7 mitral valve thickening, 2 mitral valve prolapse, 16 MR (8 mild, 8 trivial), 3 aortic valve thickening, and 9 AR (7 mild, 2 trivial). Two patients had asymmetric LV septal hypertrophy. No valvular stenosis or ventricular function abnormalities were noted. Incidental findings included: mild aortic root dilation (2), bicommissural aortic valve (1), and mild tricuspid regurgitation (3). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with Sanfilippo A and B demonstrate a natural history of cardiac involvement with valvular abnormalities most common. In short-term follow up, patients demonstrated only mild progression of abnormalities, none requiring intervention. Valvular disease prevalence is similar to MPS I and II, but appears less severe. These findings raise no specific concerns for gene transfer trials in patients in this age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Wilhelm
- Divisions of Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Kristen V Truxal
- Divisions of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kim L McBride
- Divisions of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John P Kovalchin
- Divisions of Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Departments of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Cheng CL, Chang HH, Wang WC, Huang PJ, Lin SY. New morphological classification of congenital quadricuspid aortic valve and its histopathologic features. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 35:8-11. [PMID: 29729634 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 52-year-old male patient who had a quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) associated with aortic regurgitation (AR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). A new accessory cusp (ACC) with maximum thickness than other cusps was located between right coronary cusp (RCC) and left coronary cusp (LCC). The histopathological features revealed markedly thickened and distorted cusp architecture with fibrosis and/or myxomatous degeneration in both non-coronary cusp (NCC) and ACC. Two equal sizes for larger cusps (RCC and NCC) and two equal sizes for smaller cusps (LCC and ACC) were obtained. This QAV belonged to type C QAV of Hurwitz's classification, but also suggested as a modified type III of Jagannath's classification or a new type V of Nakamura's classification by locating ACC between RCC and LCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aortic Valve/abnormalities
- Aortic Valve/physiopathology
- Aortic Valve/transplantation
- Aortic Valve Insufficiency/pathology
- Aortic Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology
- Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery
- Biopsy
- Echocardiography, Doppler, Color
- Echocardiography, Transesophageal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/classification
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery
- Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Li Cheng
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Huang Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsin Chu, Taiwan.
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11
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Nicolo F, Romeo F, Lio A, Bovio E, Scafuri A, Bassano C, Polisca P, Pellegrino A, Nardi P, Chiariello L, Ruvolo G. Long-Term Results of Aortic Root Surgery in Marfan Syndrome Patients: A Single-Center Experience. J Heart Valve Dis 2017; 26:397-404. [PMID: 29302938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The study aim was to compare long-term results of Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients affected by aortic root disease undergoing aortic root replacement with the Bentall or David operation. METHODS Since 1994, a total of 59 patients has been followed at the authors' Marfan Center, having undergone either a Bentall operation (Bentall group, n = 30) or a David operation (David group, n = 29). RESULTS No operative mortality was recorded. After 20 years (mean follow up 97 ± 82 months; range 1 to 369 months) no prosthesis-related major bleeding or thromboembolic events had been observed; the 20-year survival was 94 ± 6% in the Bentall group, and 100% in the David group (p = 0.32). Freedom from reintervention for aortic valve dysfunction was 100% in the Bentall group, and 75 ± 13% in the David group (p = 0.04). This inter-group difference became relevant after the first eight-year period of follow-up, and was mainly associated with a particular familiar genetic phenotype involving three out of four reoperated patients. Freedom from all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, prosthetic valve-related complications, and reintervention on any aortic segment was 69 ± 12% in the Bentall group, and 67 ± 14% in the David group (p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS The Bentall and David operations are both associated with satisfactory long-term results in MFS patients. The low rate of valve prosthesis-related complications suggested that the Bentall operation would continue to be a standard surgical treatment. The reimplantation technique, adopted for less-dilated aortas, provides satisfactory freedom from reoperation. Careful attention should be paid to the reimplantation technique in patients affected by a serious familiar genetic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicolo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy. Electronic correspondence:
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lio
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bovio
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Scafuri
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Bassano
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Polisca
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pellegrino
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Nardi
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit and Marfan Center, Tor Vergata University Policlinic, Rome, Italy
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12
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Marsit O, Royer O, Drolet MC, Arsenault M, Couet J, Morin S, Levine RA, Pibarot P, Beaudoin J. Early Activation of Growth Pathways in Mitral Leaflets Exposed to Aortic Regurgitation: New Insights from an Animal Model. J Heart Valve Dis 2017; 26:281-289. [PMID: 29092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Mitral leaflet enlargement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) has been identified as an adaptive mechanism potentially able to prevent functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in response to left ventricular (LV) dilatation. The timing of valve enlargement is not known, and the related mechanisms are largely unexplored. METHODS AR was induced in 58 rats, and another 54 were used as sham controls. Animals were euthanized at different time points after AR creation (48 h, one week, and three months), and AR severity, FMR and LV dilatation were assessed using echocardiography. Mitral valves were harvested to document the reactivation of embryonic growth pathways. RESULTS AR animals had increased LV dimensions and mitral annulus size. No animal developed FMR. No change in leaflet length or thickness was seen at 48 h; however, anterior mitral leaflets were longer and thicker in AR animals at one week and three months. Molecular changes were present early (at 48 h and at one week), with positive staining for transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which suggested active matrix remodeling. Increased gene expression for collagen 1, TGF-β1, α-SMA and MMP-2 was found in the mitral valve at 48 h and at one week, but after three months their expression had returned to normal. CONCLUSIONS This model of AR induces active expansion and thickening of the mitral leaflets. Growth signals are expressed acutely, but not at three months, which suggests that most of this enlargement occurs at an early stage. The stimulation of valvular growth could represent a new strategy for the prevention of FMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ons Marsit
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Royer
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Drolet
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Arsenault
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Couet
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Morin
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Beaudoin
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Electronic correspondence:
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13
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Romanyuk OM, Klymyshyn YI, Artemenko EO, Rudenko NM, Yemets IM. [PULMONARY AUTOGRAFT OPERATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS]. Klin Khir 2017:19-21. [PMID: 30272904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Experience of performance of a pulmonary autograft operation (PAO, оperation of Ross) was analyzed, results were estimated, the ways of overcoming a procedure conduction problems were determined. Remote result was investigated in 151 patients: the aortal valve stenosis was diagnosed in 99 (65.6%) patients, insufficiency - in 42 (27.8%), combined aortal valve failure - in 10 (6.6%). Hospital lethality have constituted 3.6%, and a general one – 7.9%. Reoperations were performed in 52 patients. PAO constitutes one of surgical procedures for the aortal valve failure in children of different age. Improvement of surgical technique and application of a new procedures have promoted improvement of the investigation results – lethality lowering from 15.1 to 0.8%. Application of surgical modifications with the aortal radix strengthening have reduced the reoperations on neaortal valve risk trustworthy.
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14
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Іvanyuk AV, Glagola MD, Loskutov OA, Darvish GI, Тоdurov BM. [Not Available]. Klin Khir 2016:40-43. [PMID: 30479112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigation objective was to improve the immediate results of surgical treatment of the aortal valve failure, applying minimization of operative trauma and, accordingly, rapid functional rehabilitation of patients. The aortal valve prosthesis, using minimally invasive access, was conducted in 44 patients. There was proved, that conduction of ministernotomy for strict indications is effective and have significant advantages, com' paring with classic median sternotomy, because it provides minimal surgical trauma, preservation of the thoracic cage frame, and better cosmetic effect.
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15
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Miura K, Katoh H. Structural and Histochemical Alterations in the Aortic Valves of Elderly Patients: A Comparative Study of Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation, and Normal Valves. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:6125204. [PMID: 27747234 PMCID: PMC5056004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6125204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) and regurgitation (AR) by comparing differences in mechanical and biochemical alterations. We applied scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) to measure the speed of sound (SOS) through valves to estimate the elasticity and monitor sensitivity to protease treatment, as the SOS is correlated with the stiffness of materials, which is reduced after digestion by proteases. The fibrosa of both the AS and AR groups were stiffer than the fibrosa of the normal group. The AR group displayed significantly stiffer fibrosa than the AS group, with the exception of calcified areas. The AS group showed significantly decreased SOS values following protease digestion, whereas the AR showed little reduction. The AS group presented type III collagen in the fibrosa and the ventricularis. In the AR group, both type I collagen and type III collagen coexisted in the fibrosa and the ventricularis. Upon immunostaining for advanced glycation end-products, the AS group showed sparse, weak staining, whereas the AR group presented a strong, band-like positive reaction in the fibrosa. In conclusion, tissue remodelling associated with damage and repair is associated with AS pathogenesis, whereas static chemical alterations with slow collagen turnover induce AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Katoh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Hamatani Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Nagai T, Sugano Y, Kanzaki H, Yasuda S, Fujita T, Kobayashi J, Anzai T. Pathological Investigation of Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis, Compared with Atherosclerotic Tricuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis and Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve Regurgitation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160208. [PMID: 27479126 PMCID: PMC4968844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital bicuspid aortic valve (CBAV) is the main cause of aortic stenosis (AS) in young adults. However, the histopathological features of AS in patients with CBAV have not been fully investigated. Methods and Results We examined specimens of aortic valve leaflets obtained from patients who had undergone aortic valve re/placement at our institution for severe AS with CBAV (n = 24, CBAV-AS group), severe AS with tricuspid aortic valve (n = 24, TAV-AS group), and severe aortic regurgitation (AR) with CBAV (n = 24, CBAV-AR group). We compared the histopathological features among the three groups. Pathological features were classified using semi-quantitative methods (graded on a scale 0 to 3) by experienced pathologists without knowledge of the patients’ backgrounds. The severity of inflammation, neovascularization, and calcium and cholesterol deposition did not differ between the CBAV-AS and TAV-AS groups, and these four parameters were less marked in the CBAV-AR group than in the CBAV-AS (all p<0.01). Meanwhile, the grade of valvular fibrosis was greater in the CBAV-AS group, compared with the TAV-AS and CBAV-AR groups (both p<0.01). In AS patients, thickness of fibrotic lesions was greater on the aortic side than on the ventricular side (both p<0.01). Meanwhile, thickness of fibrotic lesions was comparable between the aortic and ventricular sides in CBAV-AR patients (p = 0.35). Conclusions Valvular fibrosis, especially on the aortic side, was greater in patients with CBAV-AS than in those without, suggesting a difference in the pathogenesis of AS between CBAV and TAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hamatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Bosmans B, Collas V, Verhoelst E, Paelinck B, Vander Sloten J, Bosmans J. Morphological Characteristics and Calcification of the Native Aortic Valve and the Relation to Significant Aortic Regurgitation after CoreValve TAVI. J Heart Valve Dis 2016; 25:410-416. [PMID: 28009942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a frequent and life-limiting complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The study aim was to relate post-TAVI AR, using a self-expandable stent, to detailed baseline anatomical and morphological characteristics of the native aortic valve. METHODS A total of 82 patients (40 males, 42 females; mean age 80 ± 7 years) who received a Medtronic CoreValve implant was included. Aortic root morphology, aortic annulus and implant size mismatch, implant position, extent of aortic annulus and leaflet calcification, the connected sub-annular calcification volume, and their distribution were quantified based on computed tomography scan analysis. AR following TAVI was quantified using standardized angiography and echocardiography. RESULTS The mean logistic EuroSCORE of all patients was 16.9 ± 11.1%. According to angiography and echocardiography, 41% and 39% respectively, of the patients had AR grade ≥2. The two methods correlated moderately (Spearman's ρ = 0.51, p <0.001). The maximal diameter of the native annulus was larger in patients with significant AR after TAVI based on echocardiography (28.0 mm versus 26.8 mm, p = 0.059). Excessive calcification, especially on the left coronary cusp, was present in patients with significant AR, based on angiography (AR ≥II 71.0 mm3 versus AR <II 26.3 mm3, p = 0.001) as well as on echocardiography (AR ≥II 59.9 mm3 versus AR <II 34.0 mm3, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Of the evaluated characteristics, a larger volume of calcification (especially on the left coronary cusp) is most related to the development of significant AR (grade II-IV) following implantation, when quantified by both angiography and echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Bosmans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- Materialise N.V., Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic correspondence:
| | - Valérie Collas
- University of Antwerp, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Paelinck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jos Vander Sloten
- KULeuven, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Bosmans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
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Petit CJ, Gao K, Goldstein BH, Lang SM, Gillespie SE, Kim SIH, Sachdeva R. Relation of Aortic Valve Morphologic Characteristics to Aortic Valve Insufficiency and Residual Stenosis in Children With Congenital Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Balloon Valvuloplasty. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:972-9. [PMID: 26805657 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve morphology has been invoked as intrinsic to outcomes of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) for congenital aortic valve stenosis. We sought to use aortic valve morphologic features to discriminate between valves that respond favorably or unfavorably to BAV, using aortic insufficiency (AI) as the primary outcome. All patients who underwent BAV at 2 large-volume pediatric centers from 2007 to 2014 were reviewed. Morphologic features assessed on pre-BAV echo included valve pattern (unicuspid, functional bicuspid, and true bicuspid), leaflet fusion length, leaflet excursion angle, and aortic valve opening area and on post-BAV echo included leaflet versus commissural tear. Primary end point was increase in AI (AI+) of ≥2°. Eighty-nine patients (median age 0.2 years) were included in the study (39 unicuspid, 41 functional bicuspid, and 9 true bicuspid valves). Unicuspid valves had a lower opening area (p <0.01) and greater fusion length (p = 0.01) compared with functional and true bicuspid valves. Valve gradient pre-BAV and post-BAV were not different among valve patterns. Of the 16 patients (18%) with AI+, 14 had leaflet tears (odds ratio 13.9, 3.8 to 50). True bicuspid valves had the highest rate (33%) of AI+. On multivariate analysis, leaflet tears were associated with AI+, with larger opening area pre-BAV and lower fusion length pre-BAV. AI+ was associated with larger pre-BAV opening area. Gradient relief was associated with reduced angle of excursion. Valve morphology influences outcomes after BAV. Valves with lesser fusion and larger valve openings have higher rates of leaflet tears which in turn are associated with AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Petit
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Kevin Gao
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bryan H Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean M Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott E Gillespie
- Department of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sung-In H Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ritu Sachdeva
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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19
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de Meester de Ravenstein C, Bouzin C, Lazam S, Boulif J, Amzulescu M, Melchior J, Pasquet A, Vancraeynest D, Pouleur AC, Vanoverschelde JLJ, Gerber BL. Histological Validation of measurement of diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis by myocardial extravascular volume fraction from Modified Look-Locker imaging (MOLLI) T1 mapping at 3 T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:48. [PMID: 26062931 PMCID: PMC4464705 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium (Gd) Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) has been proposed as a non-invasive method for assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Yet only few studies used 3 T CMR to measure ECV, and the accuracy of ECV measurements at 3 T has not been established. Therefore the aims of the present study were to validate measurement of ECV by MOLLI T1 mapping by 3 T CMR against fibrosis measured by histopathology. We also evaluated the recently proposed hypothesis that native-T1 mapping without contrast injection would be sufficient to detect fibrosis. METHODS 31 patients (age = 58 ± 17 years, 77% men) with either severe aortic stenosis (n = 12) severe aortic regurgitation (n = 9) or severe mitral regurgitation (n = 10), all free of coronary artery disease, underwent 3 T-CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and pre- and post-contrast MOLLI T1 mapping and ECV computation, prior to valve surgery. LV biopsies were performed at the time of surgery, a median 13 [1-30] days later, and stained with picrosirius red. Pre-, and post-contrast T1 values, ECV, and amount of LGE were compared against magnitude of fibrosis by histopathology by Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS The average amount of interstitial fibrosis by picrosirius red staining in biopsy samples was 6.1 ± 4.3%. ECV computed from pre-post contrast MOLLI T1 time changes was 28.9 ± 5.5%, and correlated (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) strongly with the magnitude of histological fibrosis. By opposition, neither amount of LGE (r = 0.17, p = 0.36) nor native pre-contrast myocardial T1 time (r = -0.18, p = 0.32) correlated with fibrosis by histopathology. CONCLUSIONS ECV determined by 3 T CMR T1 MOLLI images closely correlates with histologically determined diffuse interstitial fibrosis, providing a non-invasive estimation for quantification of interstitial fibrosis in patients with valve diseases. By opposition, neither non-contrast T1 times nor the amount of LGE were indicative of the magnitude of diffuse interstitial fibrosis measured by histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe de Meester de Ravenstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Siham Lazam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jamila Boulif
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mihaela Amzulescu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Julie Melchior
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Agnès Pasquet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - David Vancraeynest
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Catherine Pouleur
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Louis J Vanoverschelde
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10 / 2806, B-1200, Woluwe St. Lambert, Belgium.
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
The quadricuspid aortic valve is a very rare congenital defect that may be an isolated entity or associated with a multitude of cardiovascular abnormalities. Isolated cases usually manifest late in life with the complication of aortic regurgitation, which can be delayed by early valve replacement. We present a case of quadricuspid aortic valve associated with truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and interrupted aortic arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Franco
- Department of radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Simon Gabriel
- Department of radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Stefan G Ruehm
- Department of radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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21
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Todurov BM. [Expediency of application of miniinvasive access in prosthesis of aortal valve]. Klin Khir 2015:20-22. [PMID: 26072536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The literature data, concerning expediency of miniinvasive access in aortal valve prosthesis for its failures of various etiologies, are analyzed. Advantages and failures, occurring while its application, are discussed. Own clinical observation of successful conduction of operative intervention for aortal valve failure, using miniinvasive access, is adduced.
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22
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Abstract
This retrospective study attempted to establish the prevalence of multiple-valve involvement in Marfan syndrome and to compare echocardiographic with histopathologic findings in Marfan patients undergoing valvular or aortic surgery. We reviewed echocardiograms of 73 Marfan patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery from January 2004 through October 2009. Tissue histology was available for comparison in 29 patients. Among the 73 patients, 66 underwent aortic valve replacement or the Bentall procedure. Histologic findings were available in 29 patients, all of whom had myxomatous degeneration. Of 63 patients with moderate or severe aortic regurgitation as determined by echocardiography, 4 had thickened aortic valves. The echocardiographic findings in 18 patients with mitral involvement included mitral prolapse in 15. Of 11 patients with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation as determined by echocardiography, 4 underwent mitral valve repair and 7 mitral valve replacement. Histologic findings among mitral valve replacement patients showed thickened valve tissue and myxomatous degeneration. Tricuspid involvement was seen echocardiographically in 8 patients, all of whom had tricuspid prolapse. Two patients had severe tricuspid regurgitation, and both underwent repair. Both mitral and tricuspid involvement were seen echocardiographically in 7 patients. Among the 73 patients undergoing cardiac surgery for Marfan syndrome, 66 had moderate or severe aortic regurgitation, although their valves manifested few histologic changes. Eighteen patients had mitral involvement (moderate or severe mitral regurgitation, prolapse, or both), and 8 had tricuspid involvement. Mitral valves were most frequently found to have histologic changes, but the tricuspid valve was invariably involved.
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23
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Valente AS, Alencar P, Santos AN, Lobo RADM, de Mesquita FA, Guimarães AG. Supravalvular aortic stenosis in adult with anomalies of aortic arch vessels and aortic regurgitation. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 28:545-9. [PMID: 24598962 PMCID: PMC4389441 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20130088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The supravalvular aortic stenosis is a rare congenital heart defect being very
uncommon in adults. We present a case of supravalvular aortic stenosis in adult
associated with anomalies of the aortic arch vessels and aortic regurgitation, which
was submitted to aortic valve replacement and arterioplasty of the ascending aorta
with a good postoperative course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acrisio Sales Valente
- São Raimundo Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence address: Acrisio Sales Valente, Rua Alberto Feitosa
Lima 180 - apt. 602 - Guararapes - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil - Zip code 60810-018.
E-mail:
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24
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Trifunovic D, Vujisic-Tesic B, Bozic V, Petrovic M, Ostojic M. Ruptured giant mitral valve aneurysm: an unexpected finding in a diabetic patient with dyspnea and new-onset atrial fibrillation. J Heart Valve Dis 2014; 23:506-510. [PMID: 25803977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitral valve aneurysm (MVA) is a rare valve disease. The case is reported of pathologically proven MVA in a 61-year-old diabetic male with chronic alcoholic liver disease who presented with dyspnea and new-onset atrial fibrillation, without clinical elements of current or recent infection. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 'cystic' formation of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) with mild mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic regurgitation (AR) hitting the AML. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed clearly that the formation on the AML was a valve aneurysm, and depicted the site of aneurysm rupture with an additional jet of MR through the rupture. Following mitral valve replacement, pathology of the excised valve showed chronic bacterial endocarditis with calcified bacterial colonies, myxomatous changes with fibrinoid dissection of lamina fibrosa, and neovascularization of the leaflet. The mechanisms of MVA formation are discussed, together with its potential complications, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic strategies. The present case emphasizes that MVA is often a remnant of endocarditis, even when the latter is clinically silent and undiagnosed. The importance of chronic AR directed towards the AML as a predisposing condition for MVA formation is also underlined in this case. The superiority of TEE in providing a full exploration of the mitral valve morphology is verified.
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25
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Jackson V, Petrini J, Eriksson MJ, Caidahl K, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A. Aortic dimensions in relation to bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve pathology. J Heart Valve Dis 2014; 23:463-472. [PMID: 25803973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The relationship between aortic valve pathology and the aortic root and ascending aortic dimensions in cardiac surgery patients is unclear, and its clarification was the objective of this study. METHODS The severity of valve pathology, whether aortic valve stenosis (AS) or aortic valve regurgitation (AR), and the aortic dimensions (aortic root and ascending aorta) were prospectively evaluated with echocardiography in 500 consecutive patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) who had undergone surgery due to aortic valve and/or ascending aortic disease. RESULTS The distribution of valve pathology was similar in TAV and BAV patients when the aorta was non-dilated. However, when the aorta was dilated, AS was seen predominantly in BAV patients (n = 76) compared to TAV patients (n = 2). In TAV and BAV patients with non-dilated aortas, an increased severity of valve pathology was associated with smaller dimensions of the aortic root and the ascending aorta. In TAV and BAV patients with dilated aortas, an increase in the severity of AR was associated with a decreasing dimension of the ascending aorta but an increasing dimension of the aortic root. In BAV patients with aneurysm, the severity of AS was associated with a decreased dimension of the aortic root and the ascending aorta. CONCLUSION Patients with AS and ascending aortic dilatation almost exclusively have a BAV. An increasing severity of valve pathology was related to decreasing dimensions of the aortic root and the ascending aorta, and the pattern was strikingly similar in TAV and BAV patients. The high frequency of ascending aortic dilatations in BAV patients cannot be explained by the valve pathology.
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26
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Kochtebane N, Passefort S, Choqueux C, Ainoun F, Achour L, Michel JB, Bäck M, Jacob MP. Release of leukotriene B4, transforming growth factor-beta1 and microparticles in relation to aortic valve calcification. J Heart Valve Dis 2013; 22:782-788. [PMID: 24597398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Aortic stenosis, the most frequent valvulopathy in the Western world, is characterized by an important extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and a process of calcification in the aortic valves. One physiopathological assumption is that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts through ECM remodeling and plays a role in calcification, implicating also microparticles (MPs). Another recent notion is the active involvement of inflammatory mediators in the calcification process of aortic stenosis. METHODS A total of 105 aortic valves was collected from patients suffering from calcified aortic stenosis with either tricuspid valve (AS) or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), rheumatic aortic stenosis (RA), endocarditis, or aortic regurgitation (AR). Each valve was incubated for 24 h in culture medium and the supernatants (conditioned media) were used to measure the concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and TGF-beta1 and to quantify the number of MPs released. Valvular calcification was evaluated using biphotonic absorptiometry. RESULTS LTB4 concentrations were significantly higher in media conditioned by AS valves compared to those conditioned by RA and endocarditis valves. In addition, LTB4 concentrations correlated significantly with the calcium content of the aortic valves. In contrast, the concentrations of TGF-beta1 and MPs in the conditioned media did not differ significantly between the various groups of valves, and there was no significant correlation between calcification and either TGF-beta1 or the number of MPs released from the aortic valves. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that inflammatory signaling through LTB4 may be more closely linked to calcification and aortic stenosis than signaling through TGF-beta1 and MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlah Kochtebane
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
| | - Stéphanie Passefort
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Christine Choqueux
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Fadela Ainoun
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Magnus Bäck
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Jacob
- INSERM UMR698, Cardiovascular Haematology, Bio-Engineering and Remodeling, Paris, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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27
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Mangner N, Schuler G, Linke A. Echocardiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Minerva Cardioangiol 2013; 61:393-405. [PMID: 23846007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a feasible and effective therapeutic option for patients with severe aortic stenosis and high operative risk or relative contraindications for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Patient selection plays a crucial role in the success of TAVI. Echocardiography is a mainstay during the whole process starting with the very important morphological evaluation and accurate measurement of the aortic root, followed by guiding the procedure and detecting possible complications, and ending with serial assessment of the patient's heart and the implanted prosthesis. This present article reviews the role of echocardiography before, during, and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mangner
- University of Leipzig - Heart Center Leipzig Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology Leipzig, Germany -
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28
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Dainese L, Guarino A, Micheli B, Biagioli V, Polvani G, Maccari F, Volpi N. Aortic valve leaflet glycosaminoglycans composition and modification in severe chronic valve regurgitation. J Heart Valve Dis 2013; 22:484-490. [PMID: 24224410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The surgical segments of aortic valve leaflets from patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation were analyzed (by percentage and structure) for their content of complex polysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and compared with control segments. METHODS The GAG, hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) and disaccharide contents were determined in segments (leaflet, root attachment region and belly) of aortic valve leaflets (non-coronary, left coronary and right coronary) using a multi-analytical approach. RESULTS The aortic valve leaflets showed the presence of HA and CS/DS, with an overall charge density of -0.51-0.55. The CS/DS polymers showed a 4-sulfated/6-sulfated ratio of -0.70-0.77 in the belly, and -1.60-1.72 in commissure parts (-/+124%). The total amount of GAGs was -1.60-2.40 microg/mg of tissue. A significant increase in sulfated GAGs was observed in all valve parts in patients suffering from severe aortic insufficiency, as well as an increase in the 4-sulfated/6-sulfated ratio in the leaflet belly (-/+102%). CONCLUSION It is speculated that differences in 4-sulfated/6-sulfated ratio determined in the belly and leaflet attachment region-commissure parts of the leaflets may correlate with the tensile or compressive loading of normal aortic valve regions. At the same time, it may be assumed that the increase in sulfated GAGs and 4-sulfated/6-sulfated ratio in the leaflet belly of valves taken from patients suffering severe aortic insufficiency was consistent with an altered matrix microstructure capable of influencing the hydration of these pathological tissues, and of conditioning their mechanical weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dainese
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Milan, Italy
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29
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Lukach PM. [Experience of application of aortal mechanical and biological valves]. Klin Khir 2013:33-34. [PMID: 23718031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Immediate results of implantation of mechanical and biological prosthesis of aortal valve in men and women, aged 60-75 yrs old, were analyzed. Improvement was noted in all the patients, not depending on the implanted valve kind and the concurrent diseases present. There was noted, that while presence of general tendency for improvement, in the women the trustworthy enhancing of the output fraction was absent.
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30
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Dahiya A, Bolen M, Grimm RA, Rodriguez LL, Thomas JD, Marwick TH. Development of a consensus document to improve multireader concordance and accuracy of aortic regurgitation severity grading by echocardiography versus cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110:709-14. [PMID: 22651878 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend a multiparametric echocardiographic assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR). However, the absence of a hierarchical weighting of discordant parameters could cause interobserver variability. In the present study, we sought to define and improve the interobserver variability of AR assessment. Seventeen level 3 readers graded 20 randomly selected patients with AR. The readers also provided a usefulness score for each parameter, depending on its influence on their decision of the AR severity grade. A consensus strategy was subsequently formulated and validated against cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a separate group of 80 patients. The readers were updated with the consensus document and recalibrated using the same cases. Agreement was statistically assessed using Randolph's free-marginal multirater kappa. At baseline, no uniform approach was used to combine the individual parameters, contributing to the interobserver variability (overall kappa 0.5). A consensus strategy to categorize AR severity was developed in which the left ventricular volume took precedence over the other parameters and was used to differentiate chronic severe AR from less severe categories. Recalibration of the readers using this consensus strategy improved concordance (kappa increased to 0.7). The new strategy also improved the accuracy relative to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, as evidenced by full agreement on severe AR between the consensus document-based grading and AR severity defined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the separate validation group of 80 patients. In conclusion, grading of chronic AR using a multiparametric approach has suboptimal consistency between readers and a left ventricular volume-based consensus document improved concordance and accuracy.
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31
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Parikh A, Ali F. Quadricuspid aortic valve with aortic regurgitation. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2012; 112:565. [PMID: 22904253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Parikh
- Plaza Medical Center of Fort Worth, 900 8th Ave, Fort Worth, TX 76104-3902, USA.
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32
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Pereira E, Vaz A, Ponte M, Paulo N, Ribeiro J, Fonseca C, Dias A, Fernandes D, Primo J, Vouga L, Gama V. A rare cause of acute heart failure. Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac Vasc 2012; 19:71-74. [PMID: 23814774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a rare clinical case of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) into the right ventricle, complicated with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and myocardial ischaemia. The AR was caused by a hemodynamic effect solely, in which the shunt of blood flow through the ruptured site pulled the right aortic cusp away from closure. The pathological mechanism of the AR was clearly visualized by transesophageal echocardiography. Early successful primary closure of the RSVA resulted in resolution of the associated AR without any additional procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulália Pereira
- Serviços de Cardiologia e de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/ Espinho e Serviço de Medicina Interna do Centro Hospitalar do Nordeste - Portugal
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Barre E, Redheuil A, Ladouceur M, Mousseaux E, Iserin L. Definitive diagnosis of ruptured sinus of Valsalva in a patient with ventricular septal defect using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 13:364. [PMID: 22271106 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jer307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Barre
- Faculté de Médecine Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Abstract
AIM of study Psychic trauma is described as the action of 'an emotionally overwhelming factor' capable of causing neurovegetative alterations leading to transitory or persisting bodily changes. The medico-legal concept of psychic trauma and its definition as a cause in penal cases is debated. The authors present three cases of death after psychic trauma, and discuss the definition of cause within the penal ambit of identified 'emotionally overwhelming factors'. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methodological approach to ascertainment and criterion-based assessment in each case involved the following phases: (1) examination of circumstantial evidence, clinical records and documentation; (2) autopsy; (3) ascertainment of cause of death; and (4) ascertainment of psychic trauma, and its coexisting relationship with the cause of death. RESULTS The results and assessment of each of the three cases are discussed from the viewpoint of the causal connotation of psychic trauma. In the cases presented, psychic trauma caused death, as deduced from assessment of the type of externally caused emotional insult, the subjects' personal characteristics and the circumstances of the event causing death. CONCLUSIONS In cases of death due to psychic trauma, careful methodological ascertainment is essential, with the double aim of defining 'emotionally overwhelming factors' as a significant cause of death from the penal point of view, and of identifying the responsibility of third parties involved in the death event and associated dynamics of homicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Terranova
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Italy
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35
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Erturk E, Bostan H, Eroglu A. Epidural analgesia and vaginal delivery in a patient with aortic stenosis and insufficiency. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:574-6. [PMID: 21986019 DOI: 10.1159/000330027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a successful vaginal delivery using slow infusion of epidural analgesia in a patient with both severe aortic stenosis and insufficiency. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 26-year-old primigravid patient presented to our hospital for delivery. She had aortic stenosis and insufficiency due to rheumatic fever. Although the obstetrician recommended cesarean section owing to her cardiac status, she insisted upon vaginal delivery. We performed low-dose epidural analgesia with 10 ml of 0.125% ropivacaine and 20 μg fentanyl. She had spontaneous vaginal delivery without complication. CONCLUSION This case showed that in spite of the cardiac pathology, vaginal delivery under low-dose slow infusion of epidural analgesia was successful and therefore may be a safe alternative to cesarean section for cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Erturk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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36
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Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R, Antonini-Canterin F, Vlachopoulos C, Rocchi G, Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Zamorano J, Pepi M, Breithardt OA, Plonska-Gosciniak E. Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. European Journal of Echocardiography 2010; 11:645-58. [PMID: 20823280 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Evangelista
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, P degrees Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Young LE, Helwegen MMGHJ, Rogers K, Kearns L, Schreiber C, Wood JLN. Associations between exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage, right ventricular dimensions and atrioventricular valve regurgitation in conditioned National Hunt racehorses. Equine Vet J 2010:193-7. [PMID: 17402417 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) and tricuspid (TR) and mitral valve regurgitation (MR) are conditions with high prevalence in conditioned Thoroughbreds. Stress failure of pulmonary capillaries, leading to EIPH, is most likely when pulmonary vascular pressure is increased, and mitral regurgitation can result in pulmonary venous hypertension. HYPOTHESIS There might be an association between MR and EIPH and the right ventricle (RV) of horses known to suffer repeated episodes of EIPH, as their hearts would be subject to higher pulmonary vascular pressures and cardiac output during training and hence increased RV afterload and preload. METHODS An echocardiographic and auscultation study was conducted in 121 race-fit National Hunt Thoroughbreds. Cardiac auscultation and echocardiography were performed. A guided M-mode image of the RV just below the tricuspid valve was obtained from a right parasternal location and colour flow Doppler (CFD) used to interrogate the tricuspid valve and right atrium. The mitral valve was similarly examined from the left hemithorax. Severity of TR and MR by CFD was graded. Binary data on EIPH, based on whether the horse was perceived to have a clinically significant problem with EIPH, were determined retrospectively for each horse by the horses' primary care veterinary surgeon from medical and other records. Data were analysed using a standard logistic regression analysis approach. RESULTS EIPH was significantly and positively associated with the systolic and diastolic dimensions of the RV (P = 0.017 and 0.011 respectively) and this association was not sensitive to the effects of age or weight. There were no significant associations between EIPH and TR or MR by auscultation or CFD (TR: auscultation P = 0.1; CFD P = 0.2 and MR: auscultation P = 0.07; CFD P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study was limited by the method used to classify EIPH, but there was no association between EIPH and horse age, weight, TR or MR in this population of Thoroughbreds. Nevertheless, RV internal dimension was greater in horses obviously affected by EIPH, suggesting that factors resulting in EIPH may directly or indirectly affect RV remodelling in athletic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Young
- Specialist Veterinary Cardiology Services, Moat End, Dunstall Green Road, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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Uretsky S, Supariwala A, Nidadovolu P, Khokhar SS, Comeau C, Shubayev O, Campanile F, Wolff SD. Quantification of left ventricular remodeling in response to isolated aortic or mitral regurgitation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010; 12:32. [PMID: 20497540 PMCID: PMC2893171 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) or mitral regurgitation (MR) relies on the accurate assessment of the severity of the regurgitation as well as its effect on left ventricular (LV) size and function. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is an excellent tool for quantifying regurgitant volumes as well as LV size and function. The 2008 AHA/ACC management guidelines for the therapy of patients with AR or MR only describe LV size in terms of linear dimensions (i.e. end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension). LV volumes that correspond to these linear dimensions have not been published in the peer-reviewed literature. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of regurgitant volume on LV volumes and chamber dimensions in patients with isolated AR or MR and preserved LV function. METHODS Regurgitant volume, LV volume, mass, linear dimensions, and ejection fraction, were determined in 34 consecutive patients with isolated AR and 23 consecutive patients with MR and no other known cardiac disease. RESULTS There is a strong, linear relationship between regurgitant volume and LV end-diastolic volume index (aortic regurgitation r2 = 0.8, mitral regurgitation r2 = 0.8). Bland-Altman analysis of regurgitant volume shows little interobserver variation (AR: 0.6 +/- 4 ml; MR 4 +/- 6 ml). The correlation is much poorer between regurgitant volume and commonly used clinical linear measures such as end-systolic dimension (mitral regurgitation r2 = 0.3, aortic regurgitation r2 = 0.5). For a given regurgitant volume, AR causes greater LV enlargement and hypertrophy than MR. CONCLUSION CMR is an accurate and robust technique for quantifying regurgitant volume in patients with AR or MR. Ventricular volumes show a stronger correlation with regurgitant volume than linear dimensions, suggesting LV volumes better reflect ventricular remodeling in patients with isolated mitral or aortic regurgitation. Ventricular volumes that correspond to published recommended linear dimensions are determined to guide the timing of surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Uretsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Azhar Supariwala
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Puspalatha Nidadovolu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Surinder S Khokhar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Cindy Comeau
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Important progress has been achieved in recent years in simulating the fluid-structure interaction around cardiac valves. An important step in making these computational tools useful to clinical practice is the development of postprocessing techniques to extract clinically relevant information from these simulations. This work focuses on flow through the aortic valve and illustrates how the computation of Lagrangian coherent structures can be used to improve insight into the transport mechanics of the flow downstream of the valve, toward the goal of aiding clinical decision making and the understanding of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Shadden
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
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40
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Strizhakov LA, Kogan DN, Fedorov DN, Krivosheev OG, Semenkova EN, Sorokin ID. [Myocarditis and fibroplastic endocarditis in Wegener's granulomatosis]. Arkh Patol 2010; 72:42-44. [PMID: 20369587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes an autopsy case of Wegener's granulomatosis with a rare variant of a cardiac lesion--the concurrence of aortic valvular disease (aortic regurgitation), fibroplastic endocarditis, and complete transverse blockade, followed by pacemaker implantation. The direct cause of death in the female patient was multiple organ dysfunction: progressive chronic heart failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute hepatorenal failure, and pancreonecrosis. The data available in the Russian and foreign literature on investigations dealing with cardiac pathology in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis are analyzed.
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41
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Turaev FF, Zheleznev SI. [The possibility to predict results of aortic valve prosthetics from initial anatomic and functional properties]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2010:21-26. [PMID: 20698301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The study included 394 patients selected for aortic valve prosthetics. Group 1 comprised patients with prevailing aortic stenosis (n = 165 or 41.9%), group 2 patients with prevailing aortic insufficiency (n = 229 or 58.1%). Their preoperative characteristics were arbitrary categorized as follows: circulatory disturbances (F1), anthropometric parameters (F2), central hemodynamic parameters (F3), anatomofuntional parameters (F4), left ventricular myocardium parameters (F5), valvular morphology (F6), valvular parameters (F7). Correlation analysis was used to predict surgery outcome. Excel 2000-based software was created to assess the probability of favourable outcome.
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42
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Cağdaş DN, Paç FA. A case of cardiac valvular dysplasia. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2009; 9:E22-E23. [PMID: 19965310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz N Cağdaş
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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43
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Li C, Zhang J, Li X, Zhou C, Li H, Tang H, Rao L. Quantification of chronic aortic regurgitation by vector flow mapping: a novel echocardiographic method. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009; 11:119-24. [PMID: 19933519 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Quantification of aortic regurgitation (AR) using echocardiography is challenging. A newly established echocardiographic method, vector flow mapping (VFM), can directly measure blood flow volume (FV) regardless of rheological characteristics. We intended to assess the accuracy of VFM in the quantification of chronic AR. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-one patients with chronic AR, along with 21 healthy volunteers selected as controls, underwent conventional echocardiography and estimation of aortic blood flow using quantitative Doppler and VFM. The regurgitation ratio (RegR), derived as the quotient of backward and forward aortic FV in the ascending aorta measured by VFM, increased with AR severity: 1.1 +/- 1.5% (normal), 11.4 +/- 3.8% (mild AR), 31.2 +/- 8.0% (moderate AR), and 59.3 +/- 4.7% (severe AR). In a linear regression model, RegR closely correlated with the VC width (r = 0.932) and regurgitation fraction and effective regurgitant orifice measured by the quantitative Doppler method (r = 0.929 and 0.891, respectively). The intra- and interobserver variability of RegR was 4.2 and 6.7%, respectively. There was no difference between RegR measured in the apical five-chamber view and in that in apical three-chamber view using the paired t-test (P = 0.751). CONCLUSION RegR measured by VFM, a new Doppler method allowing quantitative analysis of FV in spite of the presence of turbulent flow, is a highly reproducible parameter with good accuracy for AR quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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44
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Okamoto Y, Matsumoto M. Aortic valve prolapse and insufficiency due to elongation of a fibrous strand. J Heart Valve Dis 2009; 18:581-582. [PMID: 20099703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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45
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Lis GJ, Litwin JA, Kapelak B, Furgal-Borzych A, Gajda M, Cichocki T, Sadowski J. Development of mature lamellar bone with a hematopoietic compartment in an aortic valve homograft. J Heart Valve Dis 2009; 18:578-580. [PMID: 20099702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two foci of mature lamellar bone with features of remodeling and with an adjacent hematopoietic compartment were revealed for the first time in an aortic valve homograft by hematoxylin and eosin staining and polarized light microscopy. The valve had been obtained originally from a 52-year-old non-beating-heart donor and implanted as 'fresh antibiotic-preserved' into the left ventricular outflow tract of a 21-year-old man, but was explanted after six years due to valvular insufficiency. The areas close to bone showed the presence of cells resembling osteoblasts, osteoclasts and degenerating chondrocytes. Von Kossa staining disclosed a small area of dystrophic calcification in the vicinity of one bone fragment, whereas the second fragment was accompanied by only weak, diffuse calcification. These findings shows that the formation of ectopic mature bone with secondary development of the hematopoietic compartment can occur in a relatively short time, and suggest that initiators of the process may be present in the grafted valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz J Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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46
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Gulati A, Chan C, Viertel A, Drivas P, Prasad S. Quadricuspid aortic valve: the four-leaf clover discovered by cardiac MRI. J Heart Valve Dis 2009; 18:583-584. [PMID: 20099705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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47
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Abstract
We encountered a surgical case of aortic valve prolapse caused by a fissure formed in the commissural region and coronary cusp, and we achieved a favorable outcome. On pathologic examination, the fissured valve was found to be myxoid degeneration with ruptured elastic fibers and clustering of foamy macrophages, and it was diagnosed as an atherosclerotic change not associated with rheumatic change. The fissure appeared to develop because of hypertensive stress in a region rendered vulnerable by atherosclerosis. Although this mechanism is atypical, it should be recognized that poorly controlled hypertension can cause aortic valve prolapse and induce acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okamoto
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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48
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Dandekar UP, Watkin R, Chandra N, Santo KC, Bhudia S, Pitt M, Rooney SJ. Aortic valve replacement for Libman-Sacks endocarditis. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:669-71. [PMID: 19632441 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac involvement is a recognized complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which can involve most cardiac components, including pericardium, conduction system, myocardium, heart valves, and coronaries. Libman-Sacks (verrucous) endocarditis is the characteristic cardiac valvular manifestation. We report a patient with SLE who had severe aortic regurgitation caused by Libman-Sacks endocarditis. The patient underwent successful mechanical aortic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Dandekar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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49
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Meng Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang X. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of quinticuspid aortic valve with aortic regurgitation and dilated ascending aorta. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009; 11:28. [PMID: 19671181 PMCID: PMC2734562 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of a quinticuspid aortic valve associated with regurgitation and dilation of the ascending aorta, which was diagnosed and post-surgically followed up by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and dual source computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Meng
- Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research, Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research, Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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50
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Berry CJ, Miller JD, McGroary K, Thedens DR, Young SG, Heistad DD, Weiss RM. Biventricular adaptation to volume overload in mice with aortic regurgitation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009; 11:27. [PMID: 19671155 PMCID: PMC2731737 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic valve regurgitation is usually caused by impaired coaptation of the aortic valve cusps during diastole. Hypercholesterolemia produces aortic valve lipid deposition, fibrosis, and calcification in both mice and humans, which could impair coaptation of cusps. However, a link between hypercholesterolemia and aortic regurgitation has not been established in either species. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of aortic regurgitation in hypercholesterolemic mice and to determine its impact on the left and right ventricles. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty Ldlr-/-/Apob100/100/Mttpfl/fl/Mx1Cre+/+ ("Reversa") hypercholesterolemic mice and 40 control mice were screened for aortic regurgitation (AR) with magnetic resonance imaging at age 7.5 months. The prevalence of AR was 40% in Reversa mice, with moderate or severe regurgitation (AR+) in 19% of mice. In control mice, AR prevalence was 13% (p = 0.004 vs. Reversa), and was invariably trace or mild in severity. In-depth evaluation of cardiac response to volume overload was performed in 12 AR-positive and 12 AR-negative Reversa mice. Regurgitant fraction was 0.34 +/- 0.04 in AR-positive vs. 0.02 +/- 0.01 in AR-negative (mean +/- SE; p < 0.001). AR-positive mice had significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass and reduced ejection fraction in both ventricles. When left ventricular ejection fraction fell below 0.60 in AR-positive (n = 7) mice, remodeling occurred and right ventricular systolic function progressively worsened. CONCLUSION Hypercholesterolemia causes aortic valve regurgitation with moderate prevalence in mice. When present, aortic valve regurgitation causes volume overload and pathological remodeling of both ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Berry
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jordan D Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - KellyAnn McGroary
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel R Thedens
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Donald D Heistad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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