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Dudley JS, Murphy CR, Thompson MB, McAllan BM. Uterine cellular changes during mammalian pregnancy and the evolution of placentation. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1381-1400. [PMID: 34514493 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many different forms of nutrient provision in viviparous (live bearing) species. The formation of a placenta is one method where the placenta functions to transfer nutrients from mother to fetus (placentotrophy), transfer waste from the fetus to the mother and respiratory gas exchange. Despite having the same overarching function, there are different types of placentation within placentotrophic vertebrates, and many morphological changes occur in the uterus during pregnancy to facilitate formation of the placenta. These changes are regulated in complex ways but are controlled by similar hormonal mechanisms across species. This review describes current knowledge of the morphological and molecular changes to the uterine epithelium preceding implantation among mammals. Our aim is to identify the commonalities and constraints of these cellular changes to understand the evolution of placentation in mammals and propose directions for future research. We compare and discuss the complex modifications to the ultrastructure of uterine epithelial cells and show that there are similarities in the changes to the cytoskeleton and gross morphology of the uterine epithelial cells, especially of the apical and lateral plasma membrane of the cells during the formation of a placenta in all eutherians and marsupials studied to date. We conclude that further research is needed to understand the evolution of placentation among viviparous mammals, particularly concerning the level of placental invasiveness, hormonal control and genetic underpinnings of pregnancy in marsupial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Dudley
- School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Christopher R Murphy
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael B Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bronwyn M McAllan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Laird MK, Hansen VL, McAllan BM, Murphy CR, Thompson MB. Uterine epithelial remodelling during pregnancy in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae): Implications for mammalian placental evolution. J Anat 2020; 236:1126-1136. [PMID: 32052440 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pregnancy involves remodelling of the uterine epithelium to enable placentation. In marsupials, such remodelling has probably played a key role in the transition from ancestral invasive placentation to non-invasive placentation. Identifying uterine alterations that are unique to marsupials with non-invasive placentation can thus elucidate mechanisms of marsupial placental evolution. We identified apical alterations to uterine epithelial cells prior to implantation in Monodelphis domestica, a member of the least derived living marsupial clade (Didelphidae) with invasive (endotheliochorial) placentation. We then compared these traits with those of Macropus eugenii (Macropodidae) and Trichosurus vulpecula (Phalangeridae), both with non-invasive placentation, to identify which alterations to the uterine epithelium are ancestral and which facilitate secondarily evolved non-invasive placentation. In M. domestica, remodelling of the uterine epithelium involves reduced cellular heterogeneity and development of uterodome-like cells, suggesting that similar alterations may also have occurred in the marsupial common ancestor. These alterations also overlap with those of both T. vulpecula and Ma. eugenii, suggesting that the placental shift from invasive to non-invasive placentation in marsupials involves essential, conserved characteristics, irrespective of placental mode. However, unique apical alterations of both T. vulpecula and Ma. eugenii, relative to M. domestica, imply that lineage-specific alterations underpin the evolutionary shift to non-invasive placentation in marsupials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K Laird
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria L Hansen
- Animal BioScience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Bronwyn M McAllan
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher R Murphy
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael B Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mendoza-Rodríguez CA, González-Mariscal L, Cerbón M. Changes in the distribution of ZO-1, occludin, and claudins in the rat uterine epithelium during the estrous cycle. Cell Tissue Res 2004; 319:315-30. [PMID: 15558325 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During the estrous cycle, the endometrium epithelium experiences marked cellular structural changes. For fertilization to proceed, maintenance of an adequate uterine environment by ovarian hormones is essential. Epithelial cells lining the uterine lumen are associated with each other by tight junctions (TJs), which regulate the passage of ions and molecules through the paracellular pathway. The aim of the present study was to assess by confocal immunofluorescence the distribution pattern of the TJ proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudins 1-7 in the rat uterus during the estrous cycle. Our results reveal that on proestrus, the day when mating takes place, ZO-1, occludin, and claudins 1 and 5 are located in the TJs, while claudins 3 and 7 display a basolateral distribution. In contrast, on metestrus day, when no sexual mating occurs and the uterine lumen is devoid of secretions, none of these proteins were detected in the TJ region, and only a diffuse cytosolic staining was observed for some of the proteins. On estrus and diestrus days, an intermediate situation was encountered, since ZO-1 localized in the TJs, whereas occludin was no longer detectable in the TJs. The distribution of claudins during these stages varied from the lowermost portion of the basolateral membrane to its apex. In conclusion, the results show that the protein composition of TJs present in the luminal epithelial cells of the uterus changes during the different days of the estrous cycle, and suggest that the expression of TJ proteins participates in providing an adequate environment for a successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adriana Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), México, DF 04510, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lopata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
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LUFT R, IKKOS D, PALMIERI G, ERNSTER L, AFZELIUS B. A case of severe hypermetabolism of nonthyroid origin with a defect in the maintenance of mitochondrial respiratory control: a correlated clinical, biochemical, and morphological study. J Clin Invest 1998; 41:1776-804. [PMID: 14467237 PMCID: PMC291101 DOI: 10.1172/jci104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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CHRISTENSEN AK, FAWCETT DW. The normal fine structure of opossum testicular interstitial cells. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1998; 9:653-70. [PMID: 13693345 PMCID: PMC2225022 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.9.3.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interstitial tissue of the opossum testis includes interstitial or Leydig cells, macrophages, and small cells which morphologically resemble mesenchymal cells. The latter are thought to give rise to mature interstitial cells. The most prominent feature of the interstitial cell cytoplasm is an exceedingly abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum. This reticulum is generally in the form of a meshwork of interconnected tubules about 300 to 450 A in diameter, but occasionally it assumes the form of flattened, fenestrated cisternae resembling those of pancreatic acinar cells, except for the lack of ribonucleoprotein particles on the surface of the membranes. The interstitial cells vary considerably in their cytoplasmic density. The majority are quite light, but some appear extremely dense, and in addition usually have a more irregular cell surface, with numerous small pseudopodia. These differences may well reflect variations in physiological state. Cytoplasmic structures previously interpreted as "crystalloids" consist of long bundles of minute parallel tubules, each about 180 A in diameter, which seem to be local differentiations of the endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondria are rod-shaped, and contain a moderately complex internal membrane structure, and also occasional large inclusions that are spherical and homogeneous. The prominent juxtanuclear Golgi complex contains closely packed flattened sacs and small vesicles. The results of the present study, coupled with biochemical evidence from other laboratories, make it seem highly probable that the agranular endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of the steroid hormones produced by the interstitial cell. This finding therefore constitutes one of the first functions of the agranular reticulum for which there is good morphological and biochemical evidence.
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FREI JV, SHELDON H. Corpus intra cristam: a dense body within mitochondria of cells in hyperplastic mouse epidermis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1998; 11:724-9. [PMID: 13894951 PMCID: PMC2225135 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The ultrastructure of the uterine epithelium has been studied in estrous, ovariectomized, pregnant, and pseudopregnant rabbits. Tissue for light microscopy was fixed in Bouin's solution and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method, and with methylene blue. Tissue for electron microscopy was fixed in 1 per cent osmium tetroxide in White's saline and embedded in Araldite. The uterine epithelium in estrus is comprised of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. After ovariectomy the epithelium becomes reduced in height and PAS-positive material disappears. Multinucleated cells are formed in the epithelium in pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and in the non-pregnant horn in unilateral pregnancy. They degenerate during the 3rd week of pseudopregnancy and during the 4th week of pregnancy in the non-pregnant horn. The formation of multinucleated cells is believed to be under hormonal control. The uterine epithelium in contact with the blastocyst changes into a "symplasma," presumably under the influence of a local (chemical?) effect produced by the blastocyst. This change is not seen in pseudopregnancy nor in the non-pregnant horn in unilateral pregnancy. A complex infolding of the basal cell membrane of the epithelium accompanies the "symplasmic" change. The remaining uterine epithelium in pregnancy shows a well developed ergastoplasm suggesting a production of secretion materials, some of which may be available for absorption by the fetus through the yolk sac or paraplacental chorion.
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NILSSON O, WIRSEN C. THE EFFECT OF ESTROGEN ON THE HISTOLOGY OF THE UTERINE EPITHELIUM OF THE MOUSE. IV. CHANGES IN AMOUNT OF ACID PHOSPHATASE. Exp Cell Res 1996; 31:470-4. [PMID: 14066298 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(63)90393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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ENDERS AC, ENDERS RK, SCHLAFKE S. AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE GLAND CELLS OF THE MINK ENDOMETRIUM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 18:405-18. [PMID: 14079497 PMCID: PMC2106304 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.18.2.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Portions of mink endometrium in delayed implantation, early postimplantation, and pseudo pregnancy were fixed in buffered osmium tetroxide with sucrose, or potassium permanganate. After rapid dehydration the portions of endometrium were embedded in either methacrylate or epoxy resin. Examination of the cells from the body of the glands of the endometrium of delayed implantation revealed the presence of prominent terminal bars, numerous secretion granules, and membrane discs in the apical region of the cell. In the supranuclear and infranuclear regions, mildly dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were present, and in many cells unusually large mitochondria were seen. Numerous changes were noted in the gland cells of the post implantation stage. The endoplasmic reticulum in the basal region was extensively dilated, and the nuclei were situated more centrally. Giant mitochondria were no longer present. The large secretion granules were not present, but smaller granules were seen, especially in the Golgi region. Some of the Golgi cisternae were dilated and the pattern of parallel membranes was consequently less distinct. It is suggested that gland cells in the postimplantation and pseudopregnancy stages exhibit evidence of greater secretory activity than those in the delayed implantation stage.
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OKI K, YOSHIOKA S, HAYASHI K, MASUDA M. MITOCHONDRIAL CHANGES INDUCED BY IRON ABSORPTION IN THE DUODENAL ABSORPTIVE CELLS OF RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 24:328-32. [PMID: 14326118 PMCID: PMC2106572 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.24.2.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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MULLINGER AM. THE FINE STRUCTURE OF AMPULLARY ELECTRIC RECEPTORS IN AMIURUS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 160:345-59. [PMID: 14213767 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1964.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Murphy CR. The plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells: structure and histochemistry. PROGRESS IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 1993; 27:1-66. [PMID: 8265798 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(11)80004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C R Murphy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fetaih H, Pospischil A, Waldvogel A. Electron microscopy of the endometrium of camels in normal and some diseased conditions. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1992; 39:271-81. [PMID: 1642066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructure of the camel's endometrium in normal and diseased conditions, was studied using the electron microscope. The samples were obtained from 6 normal uteri and 10 uteri with inflammatory lesions. Three ovaries of the latter 10 uteri showed ovarian cysts. All the animals were non-pregnant. No cyclic changes were taken in consideration because the camel is an induced ovulator animal. The surface and the glandular epithelium of the normal uteri consisted of one layer of tall columnar cells, resting on an undulating membrane. The free borders of cells showed microvilli, motile cilia and zeiotic blebs. Desmosomes and gap junctions were seen as means of connections between the neighboring cells. The nuclei were large, oval and situated in the lower half of the cells. Two types of mitochondria were seen. One type was small, rounded and dilated, and the other was large and elongated. Many lipid droplets and scanty glycogen granules were common findings in the normal cells. Granulated bodies similar to those described in the epithelium of the human uterus and containing acid phosphatase were found. Many other cytoplasmic organelles and granules were seen. The endometrial stroma consisted mainly of stromal cells of irregular shape, and collagen fibres. The collagen fibres were present in amounts larger than many other species. In the diseased uteri, the changes in the epithelium consisted mainly of hyperplasia of the cells and marked increase of all cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles. There was also marked increase in the number of the crossing lymphocytes through the epithelial layer. The collagen fibres of the stroma increased in amount and the stromal cells became similar in shape to the fibroblasts. A large number of mast cells as well as other types of inflammatory cells infiltrated the stroma. Non-specific bacterial infections were detected on bacteriological examination of the inflamed uteri. Neither bacteria nor other microbial agents could be seen ultrastructurally. In an uterus associated with ovarian cysts, the microvilli of its epithelium showed marked changes in their shape and length.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fetaih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Roberts DK, Lavia LA, Walker N, Anderson K. Induction of nucleolar changes in rat luminal cells by single injection or low-dose infusion of estradiol. Steroids 1988; 51:123-41. [PMID: 3242164 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(88)90189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolar area of rat uterine luminal epithelial cells was measured for 41 h after beginning either of two dosage regimens of estradiol (E2): a single injection of 1.0 microgram E2 or a continuous infusion of E2 at a rate of 1.0 microgram/24 h. In response to a single injection of E2, mean nucleolar area was significantly elevated above control levels by 10 h. Nucleolar morphology showed slight changes, but the fibrillar component was always associated with 2-3 fibrillar centers by 10 h. In response to a continuous infusion of E2, mean nucleolar area was elevated by 10 h, reached a maximum by 18 h, and remained relatively constant thereafter. Nucleolar morphology showed significant changes by 10 h; the fibrillar component was commercially denser. Bivariate histograms of nuclear versus nucleolar areas showed a bimodal distribution after both injection and infusion, suggesting that two size classes of nuclei existed after estrogen stimulation. The results suggest that: 1) a continuous infusion of E2 at a rate of 1.0 microgram/24 h was more effective in inducing larger increases in nucleolar area and transcription than a single injection of 1.0 microgram E2 at time 0; 2) using analysis of nuclear and nucleolar areas two subpopulations of cells were identified; and 3) continuous infusion of E2 produced a steady state of ribosome production and cytoplasmic transport by 18 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wesley Medical Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita 67214
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Lavia LA, Roberts DK, Walker NJ, Anderson K. Rat luminal cell nuclear area changes correlated with uterine growth responses induced by a low dose infusion or injection of estradiol-17 beta. Steroids 1985; 45:519-37. [PMID: 3835730 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(85)90017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rat uterine luminal epithelial cells (LEC) responded differently when exposed to an injection of 1.0 microgram estradiol-17 beta (E2) compared to a continuous infusion of E2 at the rate of 1.0 microgram/24 hours. After injection or beginning infusion, LEC mean nuclear area significantly decreased by 4 h, then increased thereafter. After injection, nuclear area distributions were determined at each time point. The percentage of large nuclei (greater than 40 mu 2) decreased by 4h postinjection and remained a relatively small proportion of the population, while the percentage of nuclei of 20-30 mu 2 areas increased throughout the experiment. During infusion, the percentage of large nuclei decreased by 4h after pump implantation, then increased. Only infusion induced sustained, increased uterine protein content, DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity. This study suggests that E2 treatment modality induces differences in nuclear size in target cells as well as in biochemical parameters.
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Murphy CR, Martin B. Freeze-fracture cytochemistry with polymyxin B. A study on the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1984; 80:327-31. [PMID: 6330004 DOI: 10.1007/bf00495412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The peptide antibiotic polymyxin B, has been used as a label in a freeze-fracture cytochemical study of anionic phospholipids in the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells. The reagent produces mainly circular lesions visible on both P and E faces of fractured membranes. IMPs are found to be associated with lesions and we consider the possible association of integral membrane proteins with anionic phospholipids as well as the mechanisms of lesion formation.
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Lescoat D, Saboureau M, Segalen J, Chambon Y. Scanning electron microscopic study of hedgehog uteri. Tissue Cell 1984; 16:195-202. [PMID: 6539965 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(84)90044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural studies of hedgehog uteri (Erinaceus europaeus L.) have been made using animals in anestrus, in estrus and in estrus after sojourn of a week with a male. In estrus and anestrus the uterine epithelium is homogeneous, regularly interrupted by orifices of glands. It is composed of microvillous cells only. Microvilli decrease in number and length in anestrus. A new type of cell, a ciliated cell, appears after copulation. Probable correlation of ultrastructural aspects of endometrium with hormonal situation is discussed.
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Rambo CO, Szego CM. Estrogen action at endometrial membranes: alterations in luminal surface detectable within seconds. J Cell Biol 1983; 97:679-85. [PMID: 6885915 PMCID: PMC2112573 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.97.3.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological effects of estrogen on the luminal surfaces of rat endometrial cells were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Ovariectomized rats were injected intravenously with estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta), 0.5 micrograms/0.25 ml per 100 g body wt. At various intervals thereafter, the lumen of a uterine horn was flushed with buffered 2% glutaraldehyde and then prepared for scanning electron microscopy by conventional methods. In control rats that had received an equivalent volume of placebo vehicle, the luminal cell surface was characterized by short, sparse microvilli (MV) and, in most cells, a single, central cilium. At 30 s after E2 beta injection, the number of MV was significantly increased. By 1 min, MV density was further increased and MV were frequently clustered; also, the central cilium of many cells was no longer evident. Similar results were obtained after exposure to diethylstilbestrol for 30 s to 1 min, whereas neither a subthreshold dose of E2 beta nor a dose of the relatively inactive congener E2 alpha equivalent to a saturating concentration of E2 beta gave statistically significant responses in surface changes by the present criteria. After 3-7 min of E2 beta exposure, MV had increased greatly in length and density. These effects underwent dramatic regression by 15-30 min after E2 beta treatment, with distinct diminution of microvillar lengths and numbers, reduction of clustering, and reappearance of the central cilium in many cells. This was succeeded at 1 h by a renewed surge of surface activity. These results are consistent with cumulative evidence for rapid alterations of the surface membrane of estrogen-sensitive cells in response to physiological levels of active hormone. Whether these responses in the luminal surfaces are primary, or are secondary reflections of receptor-mediated membrane alterations at the basolateral blood-front, remains to be determined.
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Murphy CR, Rogers AW. Effects of ovarian hormones on cell membranes in the rat uterus. III. The surface carbohydrates at the apex of the luminal epithelium. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1981; 3:305-20. [PMID: 6175417 DOI: 10.1007/bf02785116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histochemical techniques, including radioisotope histochemistry, have been used to investigate the nature of the surface carbohydrates at the apex of cells of the luminal epithelium of the rat uterus under various hormonal conditions. Binding of ruthenium red was quantitatively similar in ovariectomized rats without further treatment and in those given three daily injections of progesterone. Ruthenium red binding was significantly lower after 3 days treatment with estradiol, and also after 3 days treatment with progesterone with an additional dose of estradiol on day 3, a regime known to produce an epithelium receptive to the implanting blastocyst. Binding of concanavalin A (con A), whether studied by electron microscope histochemistry after incubation of tissue with con A-horseradish peroxidase, or by light microscope autoradiography after incubation with 3H-con A, was not statistically different in any of the four groups of rats. The results with ruthenium red show a reduction in net negative charge of the carbohydrates on the apical cell membrane in conditions permitting implantation: this change is not due to variations in the amounts of the neutral carbohydrates, mannose and glucose, as demonstrated by con A.
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Murphy CR, Swift JG, Mukherjee TM, Rogers AW. Effects of ovarian hormones on cell membranes in the rat uterus. II. Freeze-fracture studies on tight junctions of the lateral plasma membrane of the luminal epithelium. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1981; 3:57-69. [PMID: 6167362 DOI: 10.1007/bf02782153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-fracture techniques have been used to study tight junctions on the lateral plasma membrane of cells of the luminal epithelium of the rat uterus under various hormonal regimes. Tight junctions from ovariectomized control rats extended some 0.5 micron down the lateral membrane and the junctional strands often formed a network of closely packed, circular compartments. Following treatment of rats with estrogen for 3 days the tight junctional region still extended 0.5 micron down the lateral membrane, but the strands ran more parallel to the apical surface. They did not enclose circular compartments. After treatment with progesterone, either alone or with estrogen in such a way as to condition the ovariectomized uterus for implantation, a third pattern of junctional organization emerged. In these animals the junctional region extended 1.1 micron down the lateral membrane and the strands frequently crosslinked, enclosing compartments of varying and irregular size and shape. Our observations suggest that ovarian hormones could regulate the contents of the uterine lumen by altering the structure and extent of the tight junctions which connect the epithelial cells enclosing the lumen.
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Ferland S, Hugon JS. Organ culture of adult mouse intestine. I. Morphological results after 24 and 48 hours of culture. IN VITRO 1979; 15:278-87. [PMID: 222669 DOI: 10.1007/bf02618952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Explants of adult mouse intestine have been maintained in organ culture for 24 to 48 hr. The best results have been obtained with a mixture of DMEM-HEPES medium and NCTC-135 enriched with 10% fetal bovine serum. The morphology of the mucosa is well preserved at the light and electron microscopic level: absorbing cells exhibit an increase in secondary lysosomes; goblet cells and Paneth cells remain active; numerous mitoses are observed in the crypts; and vigorous re-epithelization takes place on the margin of the explants.
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Hafez ES, Ludwig H, Metzger H. Human endometrial fluid kinetics as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 122:929-38. [PMID: 1155527 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Segments of human endometrium, obtained during different stages of the menstrual cycle, were fixed in glutaraldehyde, processed by critical point drying, coated with carbon and gold, than observed with a scanning electron microscope under magnifications varying from 20 to 200,000. The endometrium was basically made of two different types of cells: secretory nonciliated cells and ciliated cells. Different types of secretory cells at different stages of secretory cycles were observed. The endometrial secretion is apocrine: the apical cell membrane of the endometrial cell ruptures, releasing secretory material. The rupture of cells within a given segment of the endometrium is asynchronous. Development of aptical microvilli, synthesis, storage, and release of endometrial secretory granules, and ciliogenesis are hormone dependent. The response of the ciliated and secretory cells of the endometrium varies throughout the menstrual cycle. This is particularly noted in cell specialization, the development of apical microcilli, and ciliogenesis.
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Golding DW, Whittle AC. "Secretory end-feet"--axon terminals of unusual cytological character and probable neuroglandular significance in Nereis (Polychaeta; Annelida). JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1975; 50:264-76. [PMID: 163909 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(75)80056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bogitsh BJ, Wikel SK. Schistosoma mansoni: ultrastructural observations on the small intestine of murine host. Exp Parasitol 1974; 35:68-79. [PMID: 4360849 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(74)90008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Datsis SA. Intramitochondrial filamentous inclusions in chronic glomerulonephritis. BEITRAGE ZUR PATHOLOGIE 1973; 149:396-407. [PMID: 4358866 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-8165(73)80115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Knowles JC, Weavers B, Cooper EH. Accumulation of calcium in the intramitochondrial dense bodies in mice. Exp Cell Res 1972; 73:230-3. [PMID: 4338681 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abro A, Kvinnsland S. Immunocytological studies on an estradiol sensitive antigen in the cervicovaginal epithelium of neonatal mice. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1972; 133:559-69. [PMID: 4563117 DOI: 10.1007/bf00307136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sansone G, Swartzendruber DC, Snyder F. Inclusions in mitochondria of preputial glands from mice: a combined biochemical and morphologic study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 201:401-9. [PMID: 4191181 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rowlatt C. Subepithelial fibrils associated with the basal lamina under simple epithelia in mouse uterus: possible tropocollagen aggregates. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1969; 26:44-51. [PMID: 5775374 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(69)90034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bradbury PC, Trager W. The fine structure of the mature gametes of haemoproteus columbae kruse. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1968; 15:89-102. [PMID: 4966880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Krone HA, Rickers K. [Electron microscopic picture of the rat endometrium in the spontaneous and experimental cycle. Contribution to the biology of growth and differentiation]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1968; 206:10-24. [PMID: 5695186 DOI: 10.1007/bf00679709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hirosawa K. Electron microscopic studies on pigment granules in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata yakui). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1968; 88:187-203. [PMID: 4972310 DOI: 10.1007/bf00703907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Die Orthologie und Pathologie der Zelle im elektronenmikroskopischen Bild. STOFFWECHSEL UND FEINSTRUKTUR DER ZELLE I 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-88276-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Cavazos F, Green JA, Hall DG, Lucas FV. Ultrastructure of the human endometrial glandular cell during the menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967; 99:833-54. [PMID: 5587396 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(67)90399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Pick J. Pigment, abnormal mitochondria and laminar bodies in human sympathetic neurons. An electron microscopical study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1967; 82:118-35. [PMID: 4881287 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ultrastructure of spontaneous vaginal keratinization in hanging-drop organ culture (Balb/cCrgl MICE). Cell Tissue Res 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00320861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Silva DG. The fine structure of multivesicular cells with large microvilli in the epithelium of the mouse colon. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1966; 16:693-705. [PMID: 5954548 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(66)80015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pollard I, Martin L, Shorey CD. The effects of intravaginal oestradiol-3:17-beta on the cell structure of the vaginal epithelium of the ovariectomized mouse. Steroids 1966; 8:805-23. [PMID: 5965950 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(66)91011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kurosumi K, Matsuzawa T, Watari N. Mitochondrial inclusions in the snake renal tubules. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1966; 16:269-77. [PMID: 5929366 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(66)80062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hugon J, Maisin JR, Borgers M. Delayed ultrastructural changes in duodenal crypts of x-irradiated mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1966; 10:113-22. [PMID: 4162594 DOI: 10.1080/09553006614550171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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FAINSTAT T, CHAPMAN GB. Microvilli of endometrial epithelium in relation to ovoimplantation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965; 91:852-61. [PMID: 14261043 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(65)90465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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�ber das Vorkommen multivesicul�rer Einschlussk�rper (?Multivesicular bodies?) im Vaginalepithel der Ratte. Cell Tissue Res 1965. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00340090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Harkness RD. The physiology of the connective tissues of the reproductive tract. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH 1964; 2:155-211. [PMID: 5334761 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-6751-0.50010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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FUXE K, NILSSON O. The effect of estrogen on the histology of the uterine epithelium of the mouse. Exp Cell Res 1963; 32:109-17. [PMID: 14094017 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(63)90072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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