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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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Hiep NT, Kwon J, Hong S, Kim N, Guo Y, Hwang BY, Mar W, Lee D. Enantiomeric Isoflavones with neuroprotective activities from the Fruits of Maclura tricuspidata. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1757. [PMID: 30741971 PMCID: PMC6370789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven pairs of enantiomeric isoflavones (1a/1b–7a/7b) were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of Maclura tricuspidata (syn. Cudrania tricuspidata), and successfully separated by chiral high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures and absolute configurations of the enantiomeric isoflavones were established on the basic of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculation methods. Compounds 1, 1a, and 1b exhibited neuroprotective activities against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (ODG/R)-induced SH-SY5Y cells death with EC50 values of 5.5 µM, 4.0 µM, and 10.0 µM, respectively. Furthermore, 1, 1a, and 1b inhibited OGD/R-induced reactive oxygen species generation in SH-5Y5Y cells with IC50 values of 6.9 µM, 4.5 µM, and 9.5 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Hiep
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Extraction Technology, Vietnam National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- Natural Constituents Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Hong
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongchon Mar
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YJ. Optimization of Jirisan Mountain Cudrania tricuspidata leaf substance extraction across solvents and temperatures. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:48-60. [PMID: 30151304 PMCID: PMC6054090 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to optimize the extraction of beneficial substance from Cudrania tricuspidata leaves grown at Jirisan Mountain in South Korea by three different solvents depending on extraction time and at different temperature. Methods The total phenolic contents were determined by the method reported by Sánchez-Moreno et al. The total flavonoid contents were analyzed by Slinkard and Singleton. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method reported by Blois Results The extraction yield for each solvent is 9.05–14.1%, 2.17–5.67%, and 2.3–3.9% for D.W., ethanol, and hexane, respectively. The overall results were maximized for the extract obtained with D.W. for 5 min at 100°C. The average phenol contents were 77.11, 45.64, and 0.343 mg/g at 100°C in water, 78°C in ethanol, and 68°C in hexane, respectively. The flavonoid contents were the highest in the materials extracted with D.W., and were increased with increasing temperature, regardless of the extraction solvents, whether water (green), polar organic ethanol, or nonpolar organic hexane. In the ethanol extract, the flavonoid contents are increased gradually from 5.66 mg/g to 7.73 mg/g. The total flavonoid contents were proportional to the concentrations of the water extracts, ranging from 4.14 mg/g to 48.89 mg/g. The antioxidative activities of the water-extracted compounds are generally increased with increasing temperature from 42.5% to 85.5%. Those of the hexane extracts are increased slowly from 3.79% to 8.8%, while those of ethanol extracts are increased from 29.8% to 47.4%. Conclusion The extraction yields were dependent upon solvents for extraction as well as extraction time and the temperature. The optimal extraction time was 5 min and the extraction yields were increased with increasing temperature excepted hexane. Of the three tested extraction solvents, the greenest solvent of water shows excellent results, suggesting that water is among the most effective solvents for natural sample extractions for general medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Lifestyle, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
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Hong S, Kwon J, Hiep NT, Sim SJ, Kim N, Kim KH, Lee D, Mar W. The isoflavones and extracts from Maclura tricuspidata fruit protect against neuronal cell death in ischemic injury via induction of Nox4-targeting miRNA-25, miRNA-92a, and miRNA-146a. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Salmas RE, Gulhan MF, Durdagi S, Sahna E, Abdullah HI, Selamoglu Z. Effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and pollen on renal injury in hypertensive rat: An experimental and theoretical approach. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:304-314. [PMID: 28833317 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE; active compound in propolis), and pollen on biochemical oxidative stress biomarkers in rat kidney tissue inhibited by Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The biomarkers evaluated were paraoxonase (PON1), oxidative stress index (OSI), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). TAS levels and PON1 activity were significantly decreased in kidney tissue samples in the L-NAME-treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of TAS and PONI were higher in the L-NAME plus propolis, CAPE, and pollen groups compared with the L-NAME-treated group. TOS, ADMA, and NF-κB levels were significantly increased in the kidney tissue samples of the L-NAME-treated group (P < 0.05). However, these parameters were significantly lower in the L-NAME plus propolis, CAPE, and pollen groups (P < 0.05) compared with rats administered L-NAME alone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the binding energy of CAPE within catalytic domain of glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme as well as its inhibitory mechanism was determined using molecular modeling approaches. In conclusion, experimental and theoretical data suggested that oxidative alterations occurring in the kidney tissue of chronic hypertensive rats may be prevented via active compound of propolis, CAPE administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fuat Gulhan
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Sahna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Huda I Abdullah
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
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Xin LT, Yue SJ, Fan YC, Wu JS, Yan D, Guan HS, Wang CY. Cudrania tricuspidata: an updated review on ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology ofCudrania tricuspidata, and the limitations of the studies on this species were also discussed so as to serve as the basis for further research and development of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ya-Chu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100038
- P. R. China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Bennett LE. Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:181-214. [PMID: 24915402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen S Patten
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- b CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee , Victoria , British Columbia , Australia
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Kwon SB, Kim MJ, Yang JM, Lee HP, Hong JT, Jeong HS, Kim ES, Yoon DY. Cudrania tricuspidata Stem Extract Induces Apoptosis via the Extrinsic Pathway in SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150235. [PMID: 26960190 PMCID: PMC4784787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this study is the anti-cancer effects of Cudrania tricuspidata stem (CTS) extract on cervical cancer cells. The effect of CTS on cell viability was investigated in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells and HaCaT human normal keratinocytes. CTS showed significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in cervical cancer cells. However, there was no cytotoxic effect of CTS on HaCaT keratinocytes at concentrations of 0.125-0.5 mg/mL. Based on this cytotoxic effect, we demonstrated that CTS induced apoptosis by down-regulating the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes. Apoptosis was detected by DAPI staining, annexin V-FITC/PI staining, cell cycle analysis, western blotting, RT-PCR, and JC-1 staining in SiHa cervical cancer cells. The mRNA expression levels of extrinsic pathway molecules such as Fas, death receptor 5 (DR5), and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were increased by CTS. Furthermore, CTS treatment activated caspase-3/caspase-8 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). However, the mitochondrial membrane potential and expression levels of intrinsic pathway molecules such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and cytochrome C were not modulated by CTS. Taken together, these results indicate that CTS induced apoptosis by activating the extrinsic pathway, but not the intrinsic pathway, in SiHa cervical cancer cells. These results suggest that CTS can be used as a modulating agent in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Bom Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Je Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Mo Yang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America
| | - Hee-Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Heon-Sang Jeong
- Agriculture, Life and Environments Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Eun Suk Kim
- Chungcheongbukdo Bio CS, Osong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Therapeutic efficacy of a polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps sinensis on hypertensive rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nile SH, Kim DH. HPLC Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Cudrania tricuspidata. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata is a plant used in folk medicine in Korea for treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study the leaf and shoot extract was studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. The extract with predominant phenolics was quantified using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), and anti-inflammatory activity by diene-conjugate and β-glucuronidase assays. The average antioxidant effects of C. tricuspidata extracts (1–2 mg/mL) revealed significant activity of 32.5% to 50.2% (ABTS) and 24.2 to 40.5% (FRAP) compared with Trolox, having 55.1% (ABTS) and 42.6% (FRAP) activity, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities showed as 26.5% to 40.5% (DC) and 40.2% to 70.2% (βG) inhibition compared with the control {phenylbutazone; 42.1% (DC) and 80.2% (βG) inhibition, respectively}. The XO inhibitory activity of the plant extract revealed 90.5% inhibition of that of the control (allopurinol) (97% inhibition at 100 μg/mL concentration). The kinetic parameters of XO inhibition revealed a noncompetitive type of inhibition, where, K m and V max of C. tricuspidata extracts (25 to 100 μg/mL) were 0.25 mM/mL and 0.040, 0.036, 0.032, and 0.030 (μg/min), while for the positive control K m and V max the values were 0.30 mM/mL and 0.045 (μg/min), respectively. Results suggest that C. tricuspidata can be exploited against diseases associated with free radical formation and xanthine oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul-143701, South Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul-143701, South Korea
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Kim OK, Nam DE, Jun W, Lee J. Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Activities of C
udrania Tricuspidata
Leaf Extract Against Acute HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 Korea
| | - Da-Eun Nam
- Department of Medical Nutrition; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
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Alkaloids in Erythrina by UPLC-ESI-MS and In Vivo Hypotensive Potential of Extractive Preparations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:959081. [PMID: 26356581 PMCID: PMC4556073 DOI: 10.1155/2015/959081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythrina species are used in popular medicine as sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. In this work, we investigated the chemical composition of extracts obtained from leaves of E. falcata and E. crista-galli. The hypotensive potential of E. falcata and the mechanism of action were also studied. The extracts were obtained by maceration and infusion. The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical constituents were studied performing a chromatographic analysis by UPLC-ESI-MS. For in vivo protocols, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the invasive hemodynamic monitoring method. Different concentrations of extracts and drugs such as L-NAME, losartan, hexamethonium, and propranolol were administrated i.v. The results of total phenolic contents for E. falcata and E. crista-galli were 1.3193-1.4989 mgGAE/mL for maceration and 0.8771-0.9506 mgGAE/mL for infusion. In total flavonoids, the content was 7.7829-8.1976 mg RE/g for maceration and 9.3471-10.4765 RE mg/g for infusion. The chemical composition was based on alkaloids, suggesting the presence of erythristemine, 11β-methoxyglucoerysodine, erysothiopine, 11β-hydroxyerysodine-glucose, and 11-hydroxyerysotinone-rhamnoside. A potent dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed for E. falcata, which may be related to the route of β-adrenergic receptors.
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Kim DW, Lee KT, Kwon J, Lee HJ, Lee D, Mar W. Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by 5,7-Dihydroxychromone: Activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Life Sci 2015; 130:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Cardioprotective effects of methanol/methylene chloride extract of Vitex cienkowskii (Verbebaceae) in l-NAME induced hypertension in rats. Eur J Integr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bajpai VK, Sharma A, Baek KH. Antibacterial mode of action of Cudrania tricuspidata fruit essential oil, affecting membrane permeability and surface characteristics of food-borne pathogens. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang G, Lee K, Lee M, Ham I, Choi HY. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by chloroform fraction of Cudrania tricuspidata in RAW 264.7 macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:250. [PMID: 23228109 PMCID: PMC3575384 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cudrania tricuspidata extract is an important traditional herbal remedy for tumors, inflammation, gastritis, and liver damage and is predominantly used in Korea, China, and Japan. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract have not yet been conclusively proved. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of the CHCl3 fraction (CTC) of a methanol extract of C. tricuspidata on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. RESULTS We observed that the protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 enzymes were markedly inhibited by CTC in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CTC reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the C. tricuspidata extract could modulate macrophage-mediated inflammatory functions such as the overproduction of cytokines, NO, and PGE2. The CTC was found to be the active fraction in this context.
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Inhibitory Activities of Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves on Pancreatic Lipase In Vitro and Lipolysis In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:878365. [PMID: 23365603 PMCID: PMC3529879 DOI: 10.1155/2012/878365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To identify effective herb to treat obesity, we screened 115 herbal extracts for inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase (triacylg-ycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) activity in vitro. Of the extracts tested, Cudrania tricuspidata leaves exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect on lipase activity with an IC50 value of 9.91 μg/mL. Antilipid absorption effects of C. tricuspidata leaves were examined in rats after oral administration of lipid emulsions containing 50 or 250 mg C. tricuspidata/kg body weight. Plasma triacylglycerol levels 2 h after the oral administration of emulsions containing C. tricuspidata were significantly reduced compared to the untreated group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that C. tricuspidata leaves may be useful for the treatment of obesity.
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Ko KH, Nam S. Antioxidant Activities of Volatile Aroma Components from Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.11.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bachhav SS, Bhutada MS, Patil SD, Baser B, Chaudhari KB. Effect of Viscum articulatum Burm. (Loranthaceae) in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester induced hypertension and renal dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:467-473. [PMID: 22626924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viscum articulatum Burm. is used traditionally in Chinese medicine for treating hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the methanolic extract of Viscum articulatum (MVA) against N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six groups of rats were investigated for 4 weeks as normal control, L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day), L-NAME+enalapril (15 mg/kg/day), L-NAME+L-arginine (100 mg/kg/day), L-NAME+MVA (200 mg/kg/day) and L-NAME+MVA (400 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly throughout the experimental period. The urine electrolytes concentration, cardiac mass index, serum nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)) level, serum creatinine level and lipid profile were determined. RESULTS Treatment with MVA (200 and 400 mg/kg) or enalapril delayed the rise in SBP produced by administration of L-NAME. None of the treatments had a significant effect on the depression of the serum NO(x) level caused by L-NAME. The serum creatinine and total cholesterol concentrations were elevated upon administration of L-NAME, and this elevation was prevented by MVA co-administration. The urine volume and urine potassium ion level were depressed by L-NAME administration and this effect being inhibited in MVA and enalapril groups. There was no cardiac hypertrophy and HR change after 28 day of L-NAME administration. CONCLUSION We conclude that MVA may have an antihypertensive effect in the NO deficient type of hypertension, which may be attributed to its diuretic, nephroprotective and hypolipidemic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Bachhav
- Department of Pharmacology, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near Karwand Naka, Shirpur, District Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
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Adaramoye OA, Nwosu IO, Farombi EO. Sub-acute effect of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME) on biochemical indices in rats: Protective effects of Kolaviron and extract of Curcuma longa L. Pharmacognosy Res 2012; 4:127-33. [PMID: 22923949 PMCID: PMC3424838 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.99071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kolaviron (KV) (biflavonoid from Garcinia kola) and extract of Curcuma longa (CL) are frequently used in folk medicine for treatment of hypertension. One of their mechanisms of action is to enhance antioxidant properties in animals. N(G)- nitro- l- arginine methyl- ester (L- NAME) is L- arginine analogue, which by binding to Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) may induce hypertension partly due to increase in tissues oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of L- NAME on some biochemical indices and the possible protective effect of KV or CL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups consisting of 6 rats each were used. One group served as control, second group received L- NAME (40 mg/kg/day). Third and fourth groups were treated with KV and CL, respectively and also received L- NAME. KV and CL were given at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. RESULTS L- NAME caused a significant (P <0.05) increase in the levels of serum urea, creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase relative to controls. L- NAME treated rats had markedly decreased hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione- S- transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Precisely, L- NAME decreased CAT, SOD, GST and GSH by 48, 52, 76 and 40%, respectively. L- NAME intoxication significantly decreased (P <0.05) renal GSH and SOD levels. Also, L- NAME caused a significant (P <0.05) induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the animals. Administration of KV or CL with L- NAME caused significant (P <0.05) inhibition of LPO and augments tissue antioxidant indices. CONCLUSION These results confirm the adverse effect of L- NAME on biochemical indices and, the ability of kolaviron or Curcuma longa to ameliorate the alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin A. Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi O. Nwosu
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Quercetin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Proliferation and Production of MMPs, COX-2, and PGE2 by Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblast. Inflammation 2012; 35:1585-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee H, Ha H, Lee JK, Seo CS, Lee NH, Jung DY, Park SJ, Shin HK. The fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata suppress development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Phytother Res 2011; 26:594-9. [PMID: 21972057 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata are a medicinal herb in Korea, known for its antiatherosclerotic and antiinflammatory effects. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the influx of lymphocytes into the dermis. Using an animal model of AD, we assessed whether C. tricuspidata suppresses the development of AD-like skin lesions. Cudrania tricuspidata was administered orally to NC/Nga mice with Dermatophagoides-farinae-induced AD-like lesions for 49 days. The effects of C. tricuspidata were assessed by measuring clinical symptoms, swelling of the skin on the back and ears, and plasma concentrations of mTARC (mouse thymus and activation regulated chemokine), histamine and immunoglobulin E (IgE). We found that C. tricuspidata (60 mg/kg/day) inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions, reduced skin dermatitis scores and inhibited the histological changes induced by repeated application of D. farinae. In addition, C. tricuspidata inhibited the increases in plasma concentrations of mTARC, histamine and IgE induced by D. farinae. These findings indicate that C. tricuspidata inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions induced by repeated applications of D. farinae in sensitized NC/Nga by suppressing plasma concentrations of mTARC, histamine and IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Lee
- Herbal Medicine EBM Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Lee HJ, Do JR, Kwon JH, Kim HK. Physiological Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of Cudrania tricuspidata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.7.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lee JK, Kang DG, Lee HS. Vascular relaxation induced by aqueous extract of Lespedeza cuneata via the NO-cGMP pathway. J Nat Med 2011; 66:17-24. [PMID: 21607822 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. (ALC) induced vasorelaxation of phenylephrine precontracted aorta in a dose-dependent manner. This effect disappeared in the absence of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) blocked ALC-induced vascular relaxation. Incubation of endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings with ALC increased cGMP production. ALC-induced cGMP production was blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. ALC-induced vascular relaxation was also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamil or diltiazem, but was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, atropine, or propranolol. The results suggest that ALC dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyoung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Kang DH, Kim JW, Youn KS. Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Fermented Mulberry (Cudrania tricuspidata) Fruit. and Inhibitory Actions on Elastase and Tyrosinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.11002/kjfp.2011.18.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lee EG, Yun HJ, Lee SI, Yoo WH. Ethyl acetate fraction from Cudrania tricuspidata inhibits IL-1beta-stimulated osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of MAPKs, c-Fos and NFATc1. Korean J Intern Med 2010; 25:93-100. [PMID: 20195410 PMCID: PMC2829423 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2010.25.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The present study was performed to determine the effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Cudrania tricuspidata (EACT) on interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation. METHODS Bone marrow cells were harvested from 6-week-old male imprinting control region mice, and the differentiation of osteoclasts from these cells was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and resorption pit formation assay. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated p38, phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, NF-kappaB (p65), IkappaBalpha, c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) expression was examined by immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS EACT inhibits IL-1beta-stimulated RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. EACT also inhibits IL-1beta-stimulated RANKL-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EACT may be involved in the inhibition of bone loss by preventing osteoclast formation and may be used to manage bone destruction in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Wan-Hee Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
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Chang SH, Jung EJ, Lim DG, Oyungerel B, Lim KI, Her E, Choi WS, Jun MH, Choi KD, Han DJ, Kim SC. Anti-inflammatory action of Cudrania tricuspidata on spleen cell and T lymphocyte proliferation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:1221-6. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.9.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study examined whether an extract of Cudrania tricuspidata shows anti-proliferative effects in anti-CD3/CD28-mediated spleen and CD4+CD25− T cells and decreases the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in anti-CD3/CD28-mediated CD4+CD25− T cells. The proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-mediated spleen cells and CD4+CD25− T cells was effectively suppressed by C. tricuspidata. This extract, however, did not show cytotoxicity in spleen cells under conditions where the antigen was not stimulated using CCK-8 analysis. C. tricuspidata also decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ by selective inhibition of this extract on proliferating cells in anti-CD3/CD28-mediated CD4+CD25− T cells. These results suggest that C. tricuspidata may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation through the inhibitory action of T cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Chang
- Department of Surgery and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Poognap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138–736, Korea
- Gyeong-gi Regional Research Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung-city, Gyeonggi-do 456–749, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jung
- Department of Surgery and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Poognap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138–736, Korea
| | - Dong Gyun Lim
- Department of Surgery and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Poognap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138–736, Korea
| | - Baatartsogt Oyungerel
- Gyeong-gi Regional Research Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung-city, Gyeonggi-do 456–749, Korea
| | - Kwan Il Lim
- Taepyung Oriental Medicine Clinic, Shindang-dong, Jung-Ku, Seoul 236–423, Korea
| | - Erk Her
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Danwol dong, Chungju 380–701, Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Danwol dong, Chungju 380–701, Korea
| | - Myung Ha Jun
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Danwol dong, Chungju 380–701, Korea
| | - Kang Duk Choi
- Gyeong-gi Regional Research Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung-city, Gyeonggi-do 456–749, Korea
| | - Duck Jong Han
- Department of Surgery and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Poognap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138–736, Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Poognap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138–736, Korea
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Lee YJ, Kim S, Lee SJ, Ham I, Whang WK. Antioxidant activities of new flavonoids from Cudrania tricuspidata root bark. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:195-200. [PMID: 19280148 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, hydroxybenzyl flavonoid glycosides (6-p-hydroxybenzyl kaempferol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside named cudranian 1 and 6-p-hydroxybenzyl quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside named cudranian 2), and 3 known flavonoids (kaempferol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and aromadendrin) were isolated from root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. These compounds showed remarkable radical scavenging effects against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and anti-lipid peroxidation efficacy on human low-density lipoprotein by TBARS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Afkir S, Nguelefack TB, Aziz M, Zoheir J, Cuisinaud G, Bnouham M, Mekhfi H, Legssyer A, Lahlou S, Ziyyat A. Arbutus unedo prevents cardiovascular and morphological alterations in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats Part I: cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic effects of Arbutus unedo in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:288-295. [PMID: 18191352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition is associated with functional abnormalities of the heart and kidney. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chronic treatment with Arbutus unedo leaf (AuL) or root (AuR) aqueous extracts can prevent these alterations. Six groups of rats were used: control group received tap water; N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME) group treated with L-NAME at 40 mg/kg/day; AuL and AuR groups received simultaneously L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) and Au leaves or roots extract at the same concentration 250 mg/kg/day; l-arginine and enalapril groups received simultaneously L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) and l-arginine at 50mg/kg/day or enalapril at 15 mg/kg/day. Treatment of rats during 4 weeks with L-NAME caused an increase of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) accompanied by a ventricular hypertrophy, an impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, an increase of the cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and a decrease of water, sodium and potassium excretion. The co-administration of AuL or AuR extracts with L-NAME reduces the development of increased SBP, ameliorates the vascular reactivity as well as the baroreflex sensitivity and normalizes the renal function. AuR reduces the ventricular hypertrophy but AuL do not. Enalapril associated with L-NAME reverses the majority of alterations induced by L-NAME while l-arginine only lightly ameliorates the vascular reactivity. These results show that chronic treatment with Arbutus extract regress the development of hypertension and ameliorate cardiovascular and renal functions in NO deficient hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Afkir
- UFR Physiologie et Pharmacologie, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, BP 717, Bd Mohamed VI, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
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Shi L, Fu YL, Chen KS. A novel water-soluble alpha-(1-->4)-glucan from the root of Cudrania tricuspidata. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:298-301. [PMID: 17498890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CTPS-01, a water-soluble polysaccharide, was obtained from the root of Cudrania tricuspidata and estimated to have an average molecular weight of 5.9 x 10(3) and to be composed of glucose residues, solely. It contains an average repeating unit of decasaccharide, having a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues, to which a side chain consisting of terminal and 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues is attached at position O-6 of the branching residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, China.
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Park KH, Park YD, Han JM, Im KR, Lee BW, Jeong IY, Jeong TS, Lee WS. Anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory activities of catecholic xanthones and flavonoids isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5580-3. [PMID: 16919944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catecholic xanthones and flavonoids 1-13 were isolated from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata. Compounds 1 and 3-8 exhibited significant antioxidant activity against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay. Among them, prenylated flavonoids 10-12 showed an inhibitory effect on the NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells. Also, compounds 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, and 11 preferentially inhibited hACAT-2 than hACAT-1, whereas compounds 3, 4, 6, and 8 showed a similar specificity against hACAT-1 and -2. However, flavonoids 10, 12, and 13 dominantly inhibited hACAT-2, not hACAT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hun Park
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Insect Resources Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 3806, Republic of Korea
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Kang DG, Cao LH, Lee JK, Choi DH, Kim SJ, Lee H, Kim JS, Lee HS. Endothelium-dependent induction of vasorelaxation by the butanol extract of Phellinus igniarius in isolated rat aorta. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2006; 34:655-65. [PMID: 16883636 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06004181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The butanol extract of Phellinus igniarius (BPI) induced relaxation of the phenylephrin e-precontracted rat aorta in a dose-dependent manner, and its effect was abolished by the removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin1-one (ODQ) inhibited the vascular relaxation induced by BPI. BPI-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by the addition of verapamil or diltiazem, while the relaxant effect of BPI was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolol. Incubation of endothelium-intact rat aorta with BPI increased the production of cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that BPI dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway, with the possible involvement of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Research Institute (MeRRI), Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Kang DG, Lee JK, Choi DH, Sohn EJ, Moon MK, Lee HS. Vascular relaxation by the methanol extract of Sorbus cortex via NO-cGMP pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:860-4. [PMID: 15863894 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The methanol extract of Sorbus commixta cortex (MSC) induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta in a dose-dependent manner, which was disappeared by removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the vascular relaxation induced by MSC. MSC-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamil or diltiazem, while the relaxant effect of MSC was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolol, respectively. Incubation of endothelium-intact carotid arteries or of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with MSC increased the production of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Moreover, MSC-induced cGMP production was effect was blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. These results suggest that MSC dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway, possible involvement of L-type Ca(2+) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Lee BW, Lee JH, Lee ST, Lee HS, Lee WS, Jeong TS, Park KH. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5548-52. [PMID: 16203143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 08/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The new catecholic xanthone, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-5,6-(2,2-dimethylchromeno)-xanthone (1), was isolated from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata together with seven known xanthones. The structures were fully characterized by analysis of physical and spectral (UV, IR, mass, and NMR) data. Relationships between the structural characteristics of xanthones and their antioxidant activities (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical) were studied. Among the range of catecholic xanthones, 6,7-dihydroxyl xanthones (3-8) exhibited a strong scavenging effect on the DPPH radical. When one of the catecholic hydroxyl groups was protected as in compounds 1 and 2, DPPH radical scavenging activity was markedly decreased (IC(50)>200microM). DPPH activities were consistent with electrochemical response by cyclic voltammetry. Interestingly, compounds (1, 2) which had the weak activities on DPPH, exhibited both potent superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The strong activity on the hydroxyl radical of compounds (1, 2) could be rationalized by their chelating effect with iron (Fe(2+)) due to a redshift of its complex. The catecholic xanthones (3-8), being able to convert quinone methide intermediate, showed potent cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines (HT-29, HL-60, SK-OV3, AGS, and A549). In particular, compounds 3, 6, and 7 had strong cytotoxic activities against AGS (LD(50)<5microM). DNA fragmentation patterns induced by catecholic xanthones revealed that tumor cell death was due to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Yin MH, Kang DG, Choi DH, Kwon TO, Lee HS. Screening of vasorelaxant activity of some medicinal plants used in Oriental medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 99:113-117. [PMID: 15848029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hexane, ethylacetate (EtOAC), and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts of medicinal plants traditionally used in the East Asia, such as China, Korea, and Japan were screened for their vasorelaxant activity using isolated rat aorta. Among the 60 solvent-extracts from 20 medicinal plants, hexane and n-BuOH extracts of Diospyros kaki and Polygonum aviculare, hexane, EtOAC, and n-BuOH extracts of Magnolia liliflora, n-BuOH extract of Sorbus commixta, and EtOAC and n-BuOH extracts of Selaginella tamariscina were found to exhibit distinctive vasorelaxant activity. The activity disappeared by removal of functional endothelium or pre-treatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which is an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. These findings suggest that the medicinal plants relax vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide. These results will be useful to further analyze those medicinal plants that contain the vasorelaxant activity in order to identify the active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao Yin
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine and Medicinal Resources Research Institute (MeRRI), Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Kang DG, Sohn EJ, Lee YM, Lee AS, Han JH, Kim TY, Lee HS. Effects of bulbus Fritillaria water extract on blood pressure and renal functions in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 91:51-56. [PMID: 15036467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2003] [Revised: 10/29/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats produces renal vasoconstriction, renal dysfunction, and hypertension. The present study was aimed at investigating whether Bulbus Fritillaria water extract (BFWE) ameliorates NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. Treatment of rats with L-NAME (60 mg/l drinking water, 4 weeks) caused a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). The NO concentration in plasma and NO productions in the vascular tissues of the L-NAME-treated group were significantly reduced as compared with those in the control, whereas the expressions of NOS proteins were not altered. BFWE restored SBP to normal level in the L-NAME-treated hypertensive rats. Moreover, BFWE was able to preserve the vascular NO production and plasma NO metabolites concentration without changes of the expression NOS proteins. The renal functional parameters including urinary volume, sodium excretion, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were significantly restored in rats co-treated with BFWE and L-NAME compared to the L-NAME-treated group. Taken together, these results suggest that BFWE prevents the increase of SBP in the L-NAME-induced hypertension that may have been caused by enhanced generation of vascular NO and amelioration of renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Hangbang Brain Disease Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Tedeschi E, Menegazzi M, Yao Y, Suzuki H, Förstermann U, Kleinert H. Green tea inhibits human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by down-regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha activation. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:111-20. [PMID: 14722242 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea has been reported to show anti-inflammatory properties because of its inhibitory effects on the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Because the inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases, we have focused our attention on the regulation of iNOS expression by green tea in two different human epithelial cell lines, alveolar A549/8 and colon DLD-1 cells. With the use of electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we found a green tea-mediated down-regulation of the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha (STAT-1alpha), but not of nuclear factor-kappaB. This down-regulation of the STAT-1alpha DNA binding was shown to result from reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STAT-1alpha protein and not from antioxidative effects of the green tea extract. Green tea extract inhibited human iNOS expression in a concentration-dependent manner, quantified in terms of iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein, and nitric oxide production in both cell lines. This inhibitory effect of green tea resulted from transcriptional inhibition as shown in reporter gene experiments. These data suggest that green tea extracts may be promising at least as an auxiliary anti-inflammatory principle in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tedeschi
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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