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Santos J, La Fuente JM, Fernández A, Ruano P, Angulo J. LDL-c/HDL-c Ratio and NADPH-Oxidase-2-Derived Oxidative Stress as Main Determinants of Microvascular Endothelial Function in Morbidly Obese Subjects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1139. [PMID: 39334798 PMCID: PMC11444145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of obese subjects at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is required. We aimed to characterize determinants of endothelial dysfunction, the initial step to CVD, in small omental arteries of visceral fat from obese subjects. The influences of analytical parameters and vascular oxidative stress mediated by NADPH-oxidase-2 (NOX2) on endothelial function were determined. Specimens were obtained from 51 obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery and 14 non-obese subjects undergoing abdominal surgery. Obese subjects displayed reduced endothelial vasodilation to bradykinin (BK). Endothelial vasodilation (pEC50 for BK) among obese subjects was significantly and negatively associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio (r = -0.510, p = 0.0001) in both women and men, while other metabolic parameters and comorbidities failed to predict endothelial function. The vascular expression of NOX2 was upregulated in obese subjects and was related to decreased endothelial vasodilation (r = -0.529, p = 0.0006, n = 38) and increased oxidative stress (r = 0.783, p = 0.0044, n = 11) in arterial segments. High LDL-c/HDL-c (>2) and high NOX2 (above median) were independently associated with reduced endothelial function, but the presence of both conditions was related to a further impairment. Concomitant elevated LDL-c/HDL-c ratio and high vascular expression of NOX2 would exacerbate endothelial impairment in obesity and could reveal a deleterious profile for cardiovascular outcomes among obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Santos
- Unidade de Cirurgia Esofagogástrica e Tratamento Cirúrgico de Obesidade, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M La Fuente
- Serviço de Urologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Argentina Fernández
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación. Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología-IRYCIS/UFV, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ruano
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación. Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología-IRYCIS/UFV, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación. Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología-IRYCIS/UFV, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wei Z, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang S, Li Q, Zeng P, Li X, Zhang W, Duan Y, Han J, Yang X. Rosiglitazone ameliorates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis by down-regulating NF-κB-TNF-α signaling pathway in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:854-860. [PMID: 31561855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of its therapeutic targets is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), with its ligands including rosiglitazone being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, the effects of rosiglitazone on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis and the involved mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we used floxed control (PPARγfl/fl) and hepatocyte-specific PPARγ deficient (HepPPARγ KO) mice to conduct BDL to induce liver fibrosis and treated the animals with rosiglitazone. After one week of BDL, mice in BDL group displayed liver injury evidenced by increased collagen content, fibrosis area, necrosis area and apoptotic cells, and elevated alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities in serum. Interestingly, rosiglitazone ameliorated BDL-induced liver injury in PPARγfl/fl mice but not in HepPPARγ KO mice. Mechanistically, rosiglitazone reduced BDL-induced collagen content by downregulating fibrotic related genes including transforming growth factor β1, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type I α1, and decreased inflammation cytokine tumor necrosis factor α level by inhibiting phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Based on findings above, we demonstrated that rosiglitazone can ameliorate BDL-induced liver fibrosis in mice and confirmed its critical functions on fibrosis by regulating NF-κB-TNF-α pathway in a PPARγ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wei
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Kobuchi S, Fukushima K, Maeda Y, Kokuhu T, Ushigome H, Yoshimura N, Sugioka N, Takada K. Effects of bile duct stricture on the pharmacokinetics of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-7107-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T. Mechanisms underlying vascular effect of chronic resveratrol in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2010; 24 Suppl 2:S148-54. [PMID: 20013818 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, some underlying mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of chronic oral administration of resveratrol on aortic reactivity of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats were investigated. Male diabetic rats received resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, 1 week after diabetes induction. Treatment of diabetic rats with resveratrol produced a hypoglycaemic effect and there were appropriate changes regarding serum lipids. Resveratrol also attenuated the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and aortic tissues. Maximum contractile response of endothelium-intact aortic rings to KCl and phenylephrine (PE) was significantly lower in resveratrol-treated diabetic rats relative to untreated diabetics. Endothelium removal abolished the significant difference between resveratrol-treated and untreated diabetic groups regarding contractile response to KCl and PE. Meanwhile, endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly higher in resveratrol-treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic group and pretreatment with N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin (INDO) significantly attenuated these responses. Chronic treatment with resveratrol may prevent diabetes-related changes in vascular reactivity observed in diabetic rats directly and/or indirectly due to its hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects and attenuation of lipid peroxidation and through endothelial-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Roghani
- Department of Physiology and Medical Research Center, School of Medicine and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Thabut D, Tazi KA, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Aller M, Farges O, Guimont MC, Tellier Z, Guichard C, Ogier-Denis E, Poynard T, Moreau R, Lebrec D. High-density lipoprotein administration attenuates liver proinflammatory response, restores liver endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and lowers portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2007; 46:1893-906. [PMID: 17918268 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In patients with cirrhosis, endotoxic shock is a major complication of portal hypertension, which is related partly to intrahepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) down-regulation. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), whose plasma levels are reduced in cirrhosis, have an anti-inflammatory effect by neutralizing circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and they increase eNOS activity in endothelial cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) administration on the LPS-induced proinflammatory response, intrahepatic eNOS regulation, and portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats. Cirrhotic and control rats were pretreated with rHDL or saline and challenged with LPS or saline. The neutralization of LPS in HDL was assessed by the measurement of HDL-bound fluorescent LPS levels. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels were measured. The expression of hepatic TNFalpha, LBP, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and caveolin-1 (a major eNOS inhibitor) and the activity of protein kinase B (Akt; a major eNOS activator) and eNOS were determined. The portal pressure was measured. The plasma HDL levels were significantly lower in cirrhotic rats than in control rats. In cirrhotic rats, the plasma levels of HDL-bound fluorescent LPS were 50% lower than those in controls, and they were restored after rHDL administration. The plasma TNFalpha levels were significantly higher in LPS-challenged cirrhotic rats than in controls and significantly decreased after rHDL administration. rHDL administration decreased hepatic TNFalpha, LBP, iNOS, and caveolin-1 expression, restored hepatic eNOS and Akt activity, and significantly lowered the portal pressure and intrahepatic vascular resistance. CONCLUSION In cirrhotic rats, rHDL administration decreases the hepatic proinflammatory signals induced by LPS, restores the hepatic eNOS activity, and lowers the portal pressure. This suggests that the decrease in circulating HDL in cirrhosis plays a role in the excessive proinflammatory response and intrahepatic eNOS down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Thabut
- INSERM, U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon CRB3, Paris 75018, France.
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Jessen N, Buhl ES, Schmitz O, Lund S. Impaired insulin action despite upregulation of proximal insulin signaling: novel insights into skeletal muscle insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2006; 45:797-804. [PMID: 17046094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Disturbance in glucose metabolism is a common feature in liver diseases and this is associated with skeletal muscle insulin resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. To characterize skeletal muscle insulin resistance associated with liver disease, we examined muscles from animals after an acute, 5 weeks perturbation of the common bile duct. Clinical findings, elevated plasma levels of liver enzymes and histological examinations confirmed cirrhosis. METHODS/RESULTS : Cirrhotic animals were insulin resistant and this was associated with reduced glucose transport into muscles. Interestingly, activity in the proximal part of the insulin signaling cascade was not decreased, as evinced by increased activity of key enzymes in the signal to glucose transport. Expression of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, was normal. So together these results indicate that signaling downstream of PKB/Akt and/or the translocation of GLUT4 is impaired in skeletal muscle from cirrhotic animals. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in an animal model of liver cirrhosis whole body insulin resistance is associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Unlike other common forms of insulin resistance, muscles from cirrhotic animals have increased activity in the proximal insulin signaling cascade. This emphasizes the fact that skeletal muscle insulin resistance associated with liver cirrhosis is a unique entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Jessen
- Medical Research Laboratory and Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus (NBG), DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Liu KZ, Man A, Shaw RA, Liang B, Xu Z, Gong Y. Molecular determination of liver fibrosis by synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:960-7. [PMID: 16806057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an adaptive response to various injuries and may eventually progress to cirrhosis. Although there are several non-invasive methods available to monitor the progression of liver fibrogenesis, they cannot reliably detect fibrosis in its early stages, when the process can be stopped or reversed by removing or eliminating the underlying etiological agent that cause the hepatic injury. In this study, early fibrosis alterations were characterized biochemically, morphologically, and spectroscopically in a rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model. Progressive elevations in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and bilirubin levels in the BDL rats were found indicating the dynamic deterioration of hepatocellular function. Immunofluorescence microscopy using monoclonal anti-collagen III antibody further revealed abnormal intertwined networks of collagen fibres surrounding the portal areas and extending into the lobules towards the central veins in all BDL samples starting from week one. Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy of liver sections was exploited to generate false color spectral maps based upon a unique and strong collagen absorption at 1340 cm(- 1), revealing a collagen distribution that correlated very well with corresponding images provided by immunofluorescence imaging. We therefore suggest that infrared microspectroscopy may provide an additional and sensitive means for the early detection of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Zhi Liu
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 1Y6.
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