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Ziaeipour S, Norouzian M, Abbaszadeh HA, Aliaghaei A, Nazarian H, Karamian A, Tabeie F, Naserzadeh P, Abdi S, Abdollahifar MA, Paktinat S. Photobiomodulation therapy reverses spermatogenesis arrest in hyperthermia-induced azoospermia mouse model. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:114. [PMID: 37103593 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Testicular heat stress leads to impairment of spermatogenesis in mammals. Involved mechanism in this vulnerability to heat-induced injury remains unclear, and research is being conducted to find an approach to reverse spermatogenesis arrest caused by hyperthermia. Recently, different studies have utilized photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) therapy for the improvement of sperm criteria and fertility. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of PBMT on the improvement of spermatogenesis in mouse models of hyperthermia-induced azoospermia. A total of 32 male NMRI mice were equally divided into four groups consisting of control, hyperthermia, hyperthermia + Laser 0.03 J/cm2, and hyperthermia + Laser 0.2 J/cm2. To induce scrotal hyperthermia, mice were anesthetized and placed in a hot water bath at 43 °C for 20 min for 5 weeks. Then, PBMT was operated for 21 days using 0.03 J/cm2 and 0.2 J/cm2 laser energy densities in the Laser 0.03 and Laser 0.2 groups, respectively. Results revealed that PBMT with lower intensity (0.03 J/cm2) increased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in hyperthermia-induced azoospermia mice. At the same time, low-level PBMT reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and lipid peroxidation levels in the azoospermia model. These alterations accompanied the restoration of spermatogenesis manifested by the elevated number of testicular cells, increased volume and length of seminiferous tubules, and production of mature spermatozoa. After conducting experiments and analyzing the results, it has been revealed that the use of PBMT at a dosage of 0.03 J/cm2 has shown remarkable healing effects in the heat-induced azoospermia mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ziaeipour
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Amin Karamian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Paktinat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
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Byrne PG, Anastas ZM, Silla AJ. A test for plasticity in sperm motility activation in response to osmotic environment in an anuran amphibian. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9387. [PMID: 36203626 PMCID: PMC9526115 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that selection will favor phenotypic plasticity in sperm traits that maximize fertilization success in dynamic fertilization environments. In species with external fertilization, osmolality of the fertilization medium is known to play a critical role in activating sperm motility, but evidence for osmotic-induced sperm plasticity is limited to euryhaline fish and marine invertebrates. Whether this capacity extends to freshwater taxa remains unknown. Here, we provide the first test for plasticity in sperm-motility activation in response to osmotic environment in an anuran amphibian. Male common eastern froglets (Crinia signifera) were acclimated to either low (0 mOsmol kg-1) or high (50 mOsmol kg-1) environmental osmolality, and using a split-sample experimental design, sperm were activated across a range of osmolality treatments (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 ± 2 mOsmol kg-1). Unexpectedly, there was no detectable shift in the optimal osmolality for sperm-motility activation after approximately 13 weeks of acclimation (a period reflecting the duration of the winter breeding season). However, in both the low and high acclimation treatments, the optimal osmolality for sperm-motility activation mirrored the osmolality at the natural breeding site, indicating a phenotypic match to the local environment. Previously it has been shown that C. signifera display among-population covariation between environmental osmolality and sperm performance. Coupled with this finding, the results of the present study suggest that inter-population differences reflect genetic divergence and local adaptation. We discuss the need for experimental tests of osmotic-induced sperm plasticity in more freshwater taxa to better understand the environmental and evolutionary contexts favoring adaptive plasticity in sperm-motility activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G. Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and LifesciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Zara M. Anastas
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and LifesciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Aimee J. Silla
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and LifesciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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Marčeta T, Locatello L, Alban S, Hassan MSA, Azmi NNNM, Finos L, Badocco D, Marin MG. Transgenerational effects and phenotypic plasticity in sperm and larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus under ocean acidification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106208. [PMID: 35635983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In marine organisms, differing degree of sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) is expected for each life stage, and disturbance at one stage can carry over into the following stage or following generation. In this study we investigated phenotypic changes of sperm and larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in response to different pH conditions (8.0, 7.7, 7.4) experienced by the parents during gametogenesis. In sperm from two-months exposed males, sperm motility, velocity, ATP content, ATP consumption and respiration rate were evaluated at three pH values of the activating medium (8.0, 7.7 and 7.4). Moreover, larvae from each parental group were reared at pH 8.0 and 7.7 for 20 days and larval mortality and growth were then assessed. Sperm motility and respiration rate were not affected either by exposure of males to low pH or by the post-activation pH. Sperm velocity did not differ among post-activation pH values in all sperm groups, but it decreased slower in sperm developed under acidified conditions, suggesting the presence of positive carryover effect on sperm longevity. This positive carryover effect of exposure of males to low pH values was highlighted also for the sperm ATP content, which was higher in these groups of sperm. ATP consumption rate was affected by post-activation pH with higher values at pH 8.0 in sperm from males maintained at control condition and pH 7.7 while the energy consumption appeared to be differently modulated at different experimental conditions. A negative carry over effect of OA was observed on survival of larvae from parents acclimated at pH 7.4 and additive negative effects of both parental and larval exposure to low pH can be suggested. In all groups of larvae, decreased somatic growth was observed at low rearing pH, thus larvae from parents maintained at low pH did not show an increased capability to cope with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Marčeta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), CNR, Venezia, Italy
| | - Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1/N, Fano 61032, Italy
| | - Silvia Alban
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Mohamad Sofi Abu Hassan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | | | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy.
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Chen DM, Moore MG, Willis EL, Kouba AJ, Kouba CK. The impact of time and environmental factors on the mitochondrial vesicle and subsequent motility of amphibian sperm. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111191. [PMID: 35321851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For amphibian species that display external fertilization in an aquatic environment, hypoosmotic shock to sperm cells can quickly result in damage to cellular structure and function. This study sought to determine how fertilization media osmolality, temperature, and time impact the stability of the mitochondrial vesicle's association with the sperm head and thus motility and quality of forward progression. The presence of the mitochondrial vesicle and its relationship with sperm motility and quality of forward progression were analyzed in sperm samples from the Fowler's toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) (n = 10) when held for six hours under two temperatures and four osmolalities. Results indicated that the presence of the mitochondrial vesicle is needed for sperm motility over time (p < 0.001), where higher osmolalities (p < 0.001) and lower temperatures (p < 0.001) correlated with maintaining the vesicle attachment to the spermatozoa. The higher osmolality of spermic urine was the most important factor for maintaining higher quality of forward progressive motility (p < 0.01) of spermatozoa. Sperm samples held at 4 °C and 40 mOsm/kg had the longest half-life for motility (540 min) and quality of forward progression (276 min), whereas sperm held at 22 °C and 2.5 mOsm/kg had the shortest half-life for motility (7 min) and quality of forward progression (18 min). Special attention should be given to the osmolality and temperature of fertilization solutions, or breeding tank water, when developing cold storage protocols for toad sperm or reproducing animals to ensure the retention of the mitochondrial vesicle for maximum fertilization capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Chen
- Mississippi State University, Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, College of Forest Resources, 775 Stone Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Marian G Moore
- Conservation and Research Department, Memphis Zoological Society, 2000 Prentiss Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Erin L Willis
- Conservation and Research Department, Memphis Zoological Society, 2000 Prentiss Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Andrew J Kouba
- Mississippi State University, Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, College of Forest Resources, 775 Stone Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Carrie K Kouba
- Mississippi State University, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 32 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Zhang G, Dai X. Antiaging effect of anthocyanin extracts from bilberry on natural or UV-treated male Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1640-1648. [PMID: 36187878 PMCID: PMC9516408 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins from bilberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) are one of the most abundant sources of polyphenols and are widely used in the food, medicine and cosmetics industries due to their antioxidation properties, but few studies have investigated their antiaging properties. Based on our previous examination, the effect of anthocyanin extracts from bilberry (BANCs) on several characteristics of natural and UV-treated male Drosophila melanogaster, including their lifespan, fecundity, and antioxidant capacity, was studied, and the related mechanisms were preliminary explored. The results indicated that BANCs can effectively prolong the average and maximum lifespan and improve the reproductive capacity and antioxidant capacity of natural and UV-treated flies. In particular, BANCs significantly changed the growth cycle, sex ratio and content of ROS in the fat bodies of the offspring and decreased the expression levels of antioxidant- and autophagy-related genes in UV-treated flies. Collectively, the results demonstrate that BANC supplementation in the medium effectively alleviated the aging process, and this effect was not directly correlated with the antioxidant and autophagy signaling pathways in the body of D. melanogaster. BANCs can prolong the lifespan, and improve the reproductive and antioxidant capacity flies. BANCs changed the growth cycle, sex ratio and content of ROS in fat bodies for UV-treated flies. BANCs decreased the expression levels of antioxidant- and autophagy-related genes in UV-treated flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Gambardella C, Marcellini F, Falugi C, Varrella S, Corinaldesi C. Early-stage anomalies in the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) as bioindicators of multiple stressors in the marine environment: Overview and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117608. [PMID: 34182396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The morphological anomalies of the early development stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, caused by exposure to environmental stressors, are used as biomarker in ecotoxicological and ecological investigations. Here, we reviewed the available literature and classified the embryo and larval anomalies identified so far, to highlight potential commonalities or differences related to the biological action of the different stressors and their ecological impact. Morphological anomalies are influenced by a) the developmental stage of exposure to stressors; b) the intensity of the stress; c) the intra- and inter-cellular mechanisms affected by the exposure to environmental agents. The classification and analysis of embryo and larvae anomalies, either observed by the authors of this review and reported in literature, indicate that sea urchin abnormalities, caused by exposure to different stressors, can be very similar among them and classified into 18 main types, which can occur individually or mixed. All anomalies can be used to calculate an Index of Contaminant Impact to assess the impact of multiple stressors and to identify relationships between morphological anomalies and compromised biological mechanisms. This approach could be useful for a first screening of the presence of potential stressors impairing the growth and development of the early life stages of marine organisms, thus providing a relevant advancement for in future monitoring activities devoted to assess the health status in coastal marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche - Istituto per Lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carla Falugi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Varrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, Dell'Ambiente e Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, Dell'Ambiente e Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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Vitt S, Mehlis-Rick M, Bakker TCM, Rick IP. Enhanced ambient UVB radiation affects post-mating, but not pre-mating sexual traits in a fish. Oecologia 2019; 190:355-366. [PMID: 31134331 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting shallow aquatic habitats currently experience increasing levels of solar ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). UVB causes damage on cellular and molecular levels and can affect associated life-history traits either through direct exposure or indirectly through oxidative stress generation. We examined UVB effects on pre- and post-mating sexual traits in three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Adult, reproductively non-active males were assigned to two exposure treatments under semi-natural conditions in an outdoor experiment; one group received natural radiation (UVBnormal) whilst the other group received additional UVB (UVBenhanced). After two months, colour metrics were used to quantify male breeding colouration as pre-mating trait. At the post-mating stage, sperm morphology, number and movement as well as testes mass were determined. Males did not significantly differ in sexual ornamentation between treatments, but UVBenhanced fish had smaller testes as well as fewer and shorter sperm than UVBnormal fish. Sperm movement was not significantly different between treatments. However, in UVBenhanced males, linear and progressive movement of sperm was positively correlated with sperm morphology (head-to-tail length ratio), whereas in UVBnormal males this relationship was negative (but not significant). Additionally, there was a significant treatment by body condition interaction concerning head-to-tail length ratio, i.e. head-to-tail length ratio increased with condition in UVBnormal males whereas there was no relationship in UVBenhanced fish. Our findings reveal that increased UVB levels influence post-mating fitness-relevant traits in males whilst having no significant impact on pre-mating sexual traits, suggesting selective UVB-effects at the gamete level with consequences for reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitt
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marion Mehlis-Rick
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theo C M Bakker
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingolf P Rick
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Qin F, Shen T, Li J, Qian J, Zhang J, Zhou G, Tong J. SF-1 mediates reproductive toxicity induced by Cerium oxide nanoparticles in male mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:41. [PMID: 30894193 PMCID: PMC6427857 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have potential application for use in biomedical and in various consumer products. However, it is largely unclear whether CeO2 NPs have effects on male reproductive function. Methods In this study, male mice were examined for toxicity, if any, following chronic oral administration of CeO2 NPs for 32 days. In each animal, epididymides were examined for sperm motility and DNA integrity. Bloods were tested for testosterone levels. Testicular tissues were collected to determine the element Ce content, the daily sperm production (DSP), marker enzymes such as ACP, G6PD, γ-GT and SDH, mRNA expression levels of steroidogenesis genes Star, P450scc, P450c17, 3β-Hsd, and 17β-Hsd, as well as steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) gene/protein levels. Results The results showed that CeO2 NPs (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) increased the element Ce content in testis, the testis histopathological patterns and sperm DNA damage whereas decreased the testis weight, DSP and sperm motility. There were also remarkable reduction in testosterone levels and marker enzymes activities, down-regulated mRNA expression levels of several steroidogenesis genes such as Star, P450scc, P450c17, 3β-Hsd, and 17β-Hsd, as well as altered gene and protein expressions of SF-1. Conclusion These results reveal the male reproductive toxicity of chronic exposure of CeO2 NPs in mice, hinting that the utilization of CeO2 NPs need to be carefully evaluated about their potential reproductive toxicity on the human health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0474-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenju Qin
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China. .,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jinlin Li
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Miller JS, Bose APH, Fitzpatrick JL, Balshine S. Sperm maturation and male tactic-specific differences in ejaculates in the plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:434-445. [PMID: 30701548 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus, a species with alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), we investigated how sperm maturation shapes sperm competitive abilities. We compared sperm performance and morphology before and after final sperm maturation by sampling sperm from the testes and stripped ejaculates of guarders and sneakers. In accordance with sperm competition risk theory, ejaculates from sneaker males had three times as much sperm as ejaculates from guarder males and sneaker males produced faster swimming sperm than guarder males, but this was only the case after final sperm maturation had occurred. Additionally, fully mature sperm found in ejaculates had larger heads and midpieces than sperm found in the testes. These results emphasize the important role played by non-sperm components of an ejaculate in mediating sperm performance and potentially also morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Miller
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aneesh P H Bose
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Institute for Biology, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - John L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Zoology, Ethology Division, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Duan M, Xiong D, Yang M, Xiong Y, Ding G. Parental exposure to heavy fuel oil induces developmental toxicity in offspring of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:109-119. [PMID: 29730404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the toxic effects of parental (maternal/paternal) exposure to heavy fuel oil (HFO) on the adult reproductive state, gamete quality and development of the offspring of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Adult sea urchins were exposed to effluents from HFO-oiled gravel columns for 7 days to simulate an oil-contaminated gravel shore, and then gametes of adult sea urchins were used to produce embryos to determine developmental toxicity. For adult sea urchins, no significant difference in the somatic size and weight was found between the various oil loadings tested, while the gonad weight and gonad index were significantly decreased at higher oil loadings. The spawning ability of adults and fecundity of females significantly decreased. For gametes, no effect was observed on the egg size and fertilization success in any of the groups. However, a significant increase in the percentage of anomalies in the offspring was observed and then quantified by an integrative toxicity index (ITI) at 24 and 48 h post fertilization. The offspring from exposed parents showed higher ITI values with more malformed embryos. The results confirmed that parental exposure to HFO can cause adverse effects on the offspring and consequently affect the recruitment and population maintenance of sea urchins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mengye Yang
- School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Grinnell College, 1115 8th Ave, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Guanghui Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
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Poli F, Locatello L, Rasotto MB. Seminal fluid enhances competitiveness of territorial males' sperm in a fish with alternative male reproductive tactics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.175976. [PMID: 29844197 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.175976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common adaptation to sperm competition in males is represented by an increase in the sperm number and/or quality released at mating, to raise their probability of egg fertilization. However, rapidly mounting evidence highlights that seminal fluid may directly influence the competitive fertilization success of a male by affecting either own and/or rival sperm performance. In the black goby, Gobius niger, an external fertilizer with guard-sneaker mating tactics and high sperm competition level, sneaker ejaculates contain less seminal fluid and more sperm, that are also of better quality, than those of territorial males. However, territorial males gain a higher paternity success inside natural nests. Here, we ask whether the seminal fluid can contribute to the reproductive success of territorial males by enhancing their sperm performance and/or by decreasing that of sneaker males. Using sperm and seminal fluid manipulation and in vitro fertilization tests, we found that own seminal fluid influences the velocity and fertilization ability of sperm only in territorial males, making them as fast as those of sneakers and with a similar fertilization rate. Moreover, both sneaker and territorial sperm remain unaffected by the seminal fluid of rival males. Thus, black goby males respond to the different level of sperm competition faced by differential allocation of sperm and non-sperm components of the ejaculate, with sneakers primarily investing in sperm of intrinsic high quality and territorial males relying on the effect of seminal fluid to increase the lower intrinsic quality of their sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Poli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria B Rasotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
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12
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Vladimirovich Moskvin S, Ivanovich Apolikhin O. Effectiveness of low level laser therapy for treating male infertility. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2018; 8:7. [PMID: 29806585 PMCID: PMC5992952 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2018080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In half of the cases, the infertility of the couple is due to the disorder of the male fertility. The leading factors that cause male infertility are urogenital infections, disorders of the immune system, testicular and prostate pathology, as well as endocrine disorders. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a very effective physical therapy method, used in many areas of medicine, including obstetrics and gynaecology, andrology and urology; and it is recommended as an integral part of the complex treatment of infertility. The literature review showed that LLLT is beneficial in treating male infertility. Laser can significantly improve the survival, motility and speed of movement of spermatozoa. Laser therapy of patients with prostatitis and vesiculitis can eliminate infiltrative-exudative changes, improve reproductive and copulatory functions. Local illumination of red (635 nm) and infrared (904 nm) spectra should be combined with intravenous laser blood illumination (ILBI) of red (635 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vladimirovich Moskvin
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O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine under the Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow 121165 Russia
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13
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Erraud A, Bonnard M, Duflot A, Geffard A, Danger JM, Forget-Leray J, Xuereb B. Assessment of sperm quality in palaemonid prawns using Comet assay: methodological optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11226-11237. [PMID: 28326483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to adapt the Comet assay in spermatozoa of the marine prawn Palaemon serratus to use it as a marker of sperm quality. Indeed, due to the characteristics of their spermatozoa, the measurement of DNA integrity is one of the few markers which can be transferred to crustaceans to assess the quality of their semen. In the first step, the methods of collecting and maintaining spermatozoa were optimized. Cell survival was estimated during kinetics of preservation (i.e. 1, 2, 4 and 8 h) in various suspension media to define artificial seawater (ASW) as optimal. Several methods in the releasing of spermatozoa from the spermatophore of prawns were estimated with regard to their incidence both on the efficiency of extraction and the survival of cells. Pipetting up and down turned out to be the most successful and the least invasive technique. Secondly, the transfer of Comet assay was optimized by studying various times in both cell lysis (i.e. 1, 6, 18 h) and DNA denaturation (i.e. 15, 30 and 45 min), after in vitro exposure of spermatozoa to an H2O2 gradient as model genotoxicant. Results revealed that a minimum of 1 h in cell lysis and 15 min of DNA denaturation were sufficient to obtain valuable results, linked with a low compaction of DNA in spermatozoa of Palaemon sp. Finally, the sensitivity of P. serratus spermatozoa was assessed after in vitro exposures to model genotoxicants displaying various modes of interaction with DNA (i.e. UV-C, 13.3-79.5 J m-2; H2O2, 5-10 μM and MMS, 0.5-5 mM) and some environmental contaminants known or suspected to be genotoxic (i.e. cadmium and diuron, 0.015-1.5 μg L-1; carbamazepine, 0.1-10 μg L-1) for invertebrates. The low variability of the baseline level of DNA strand breaks recorded in controls highlighted the robustness of the method. P. serratus spermatozoa displayed significant DNA damage from the lowest doses tested for all model genotoxicants, but conversely, no genotoxic effect of tested environmental contaminants was observed. These results, which are discussed according to the protocol tested in the present study and the comparison with literature data, could suggest a difference in the response or sensitivity of spermatozoa to environmental genotoxicity between invertebrate species, and therefore the interest of Palaemonidae prawns in ecogenotoxicology. In conclusion, the present study underlines the potential of the Comet assay as a marker to assess the contamination impact on the sperm quality in Palaemonidae prawns in view to a potential application for in situ biomonitoring surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Erraud
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Marc Bonnard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Michel Danger
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Joëlle Forget-Leray
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Benoît Xuereb
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France.
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Hassan MM, Li X, Qin JG. Improvement of post-thaw sperm survivals using liquid nitrogen vapor in a spermcasting oyster Ostrea angasi. Cryobiology 2017; 78:1-7. [PMID: 28803845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Low survival of cryopreserved sperm impedes the application of cryopreservation technique in spermcasting oyster species. This study developed a simple method of liquid nitrogen vapor freezing to improve post-thaw sperm survival in the spermcasting oyster Ostrea angasi. The results indicate that the permeable cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG) were non-toxic to sperm up to 20% concentration and 90 min exposure whereas methanol at 10% or higher was toxic to sperm for any exposure over 30 min. Among the treatments with permeable cryoprotectants, 15% EG produced the highest post-thaw sperm motility. Sperm motility was further improved by the addition of non-permeable cryoprotectants (trehalose and glucose), with 15% EG + 0.2 M trehalose resulting in the highest post-thaw sperm motility among all the combinations evaluated. The durations of 20, 30 and 60 min equilibrations produced a higher post-thaw sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) than 10 min. Higher post-thaw motility and PMI were achieved by freezing sperm at the 8 cm height from the liquid nitrogen surface than at the 2, 4, 6, 10 or 12 cm height. Holding sperm for 10 min in liquid nitrogen vapor produced higher post-thaw motility and PMI than for 2, 5 or 20 min. The cryopreservation protocol developed in this study improved both post-thaw motility and PMI of O. angasi sperm at least 15% higher than those cryopreserved using programmable freezing method. Liquid nitrogen vapor freezing might have greater applicability in improving post-thaw sperm quality of spermcasting oyster species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubul Hassan
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Aquatic Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, SA 5024, Australia.
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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15
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Hassan MM, Li X, Liu Y, Qin JG. Sperm cryopreservation in the spermcasting Australian flat oyster Ostrea angasi by a programmable freezing method. Cryobiology 2017; 76:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Falkenberg LJ, Havenhand JN, Styan CA. Sperm Accumulated Against Surface: A novel alternative bioassay for environmental monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 114:51-57. [PMID: 26763685 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the impacts of changes in water quality on broadcast spawning aquatic organisms is a key aspect of environmental monitoring. Rapid assays of reproductive potential are central to this monitoring, and there is a need to develop a variety of methods to identify responses. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study that assesses whether quantification of "Sperm Accumulated Against Surface" (SAAS) of tissue culture well-plates could be a rapid and simple proxy measure of fertilisation success. Our results confirm that motile sperm (but not immotile sperm) actively accumulate at surfaces and that the pattern of accumulation reflects fertilisation success in the model oyster species Crassostrea gigas. Furthermore, we confirm these patterns of SAAS for another marine species, the polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa, as well as for a freshwater species, the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. For all species considered, SAAS reflected changes in sperm performance caused by experimentally manipulated differences in water quality (here, salinity). These findings indicate that SAAS could be applied easily to a range of species when examining the effects of water quality. Measurement of SAAS could, therefore, form the basis of a rapid and reliable assay for bioassessments of broadcast spawning aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Falkenberg
- School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, University College London, Torrens Building, 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Jon N Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, 452 96, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Craig A Styan
- School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, University College London, Torrens Building, 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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17
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Fabbrocini A, D'Adamo R, Del Prete F, Maurizio D, Specchiulli A, Oliveira LFJ, Silvestri F, Sansone G. The sperm motility pattern in ecotoxicological tests. The CRYO-Ecotest as a case study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 123:53-59. [PMID: 26318919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental stressors inevitably lead to an increasing need for innovative and more flexible monitoring tools. The aim of this work has been the characterization of the motility pattern of the cryopreserved sea bream semen after exposure to a dumpsite leachate sample, for the identification of the best representative parameters to be used as endpoints in an ecotoxicological bioassay. Sperm motility has been evaluated either by visual and by computer-assisted analysis; parameters concerning motility on activation and those describing it in the times after activation (duration parameters) have been assessed, discerning them in terms of sensitivity, reliability and methodology of assessment by means of multivariate analyses. The EC50 values of the evaluated endpoints ranged between 2.3 and 4.5ml/L, except for the total motile percentage (aTM, 7.0ml/L), which proved to be the less sensitive among all the tested parameters. According to the multivariate analyses, a difference in sensitivity among "activation" endpoints in respect of "duration" ones can be inferred; on the contrary, endpoints seem to be equally informative either describing total motile sperm or the rapid sub-population, as well as the assessment methodology seems to be not discriminating. In conclusion, the CRYO-Ecotest is a multi-endpoint bioassay that can be considered a promising innovative ecotoxicological tool, characterized by a high plasticity, as its endpoints can be easy tailored each time according to the different needs of the environmental quality assessment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Fabbrocini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina (FG), Italy.
| | - Raffaele D'Adamo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina (FG), Italy
| | | | - Daniela Maurizio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina (FG), Italy
| | | | - Luis F J Oliveira
- Instituto Oceanográfico - USP, São Paulo, Brazil; The Capes Foundation - Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fausto Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi Federico II, Napoli, Italy; FIPERJ - Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Angra dos Reis (RJ), Brazil
| | - Giovanni Sansone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Gambardella C, Costa E, Piazza V, Fabbrocini A, Magi E, Faimali M, Garaventa F. Effect of silver nanoparticles on marine organisms belonging to different trophic levels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 111:41-9. [PMID: 26065810 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are increasingly used in a wide range of consumer products and such an extensive use raises questions about their safety and environmental toxicity. We investigated the potential toxicity of Ag-NPs in the marine ecosystem by analyzing the effects on several organisms belonging to different trophic levels. Algae (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum), cnidaria (Aurelia aurita jellyfish), crustaceans (Amphibalanus amphitrite and Artemia salina) and echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus) were exposed to Ag-NPs and different end-points were evaluated: algal growth, ephyra jellyfish immobilization and frequency of pulsations, crustaceans mortality and swimming behavior, and sea urchin sperm motility. Results showed that all the end-points were able to underline a dose-dependent effect. Jellyfish were the most sensitive species, followed by barnacles, sea urchins, green algae, diatoms and brine shrimps. In conclusion, Ag-NPs exposure can influence different trophic levels within the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Costa
- CNR - ISMAR, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuele Magi
- DCCI, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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19
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Won EJ, Han J, Lee Y, Kumar KS, Shin KH, Lee SJ, Park HG, Lee JS. In vivo effects of UV radiation on multiple endpoints and expression profiles of DNA repair and heat shock protein (Hsp) genes in the cycloid copepod Paracyclopina nana. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:1-8. [PMID: 26001085 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on energy acquisition and consumption, the copepod Paracyclopina nana was irradiated with several doses (0-3kJ/m(2)) of UV. After UV radiation, we measured the re-brooding success, growth pattern of newly hatched nauplii, ingestion rate, and assimilation of diet. In addition, we checked the modulated patterns of DNA repair and heat shock protein (hsp) chaperoning genes of P. nana. UV-B radiation induced a significant reduction (7-87%) of the re-brooding rate of ovigerous females, indicating that UV-induced egg sac damage is closely correlated with a reduction in the hatching rate of UV-irradiated ovigerous female offspring. Using chlorophyll a and stable carbon isotope incubation experiments, we found a dose-dependent decrease (P<0.05) in food ingestion and the rate of assimilation to the body in response to UV radiation, implying that P. nana has an underlying ability to shift its balanced-energy status from growth and reproduction to DNA repair and adaptation. Also, expression of P. nana base excision repair (BER)-associated genes and hsp chaperoning genes was significantly increased in response to UV radiation in P. nana. These findings indicate that even 1kJ/m(2) of UV radiation induces a reduction in reproduction and growth patterns, alters the physiological balance and inhibits the ability to cope with UV-induced damage in P. nana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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20
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de Araujo Leite JC, de Castro TMX, Barbosa-Filho JM, de Siqueira-Junior JP, Marques-Santos LF. Photoprotective effect of coumarin and 3-hydroxycoumarin in sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 146:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Byrne PG, Dunne C, Munn AJ, Silla AJ. Environmental osmolality influences sperm motility activation in an anuran amphibian. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:521-34. [PMID: 25586700 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that selection will favour sperm traits that maximize fertilization success in local fertilization environments. In externally fertilizing species, osmolality of the fertilization medium is known to play a critical role in activating sperm motility, but there remains limited evidence for adaptive responses to local osmotic environments. In this study, we used a split-sample experimental design and computer-assisted sperm analysis to (i) determine the optimal medium osmolality for sperm activation (% sperm motility and sperm velocity) in male common eastern froglets (Crinia signifera), (ii) test for among-population variation in percentage sperm motility and sperm velocity at various activation-medium osmolalities and (iii) test for among-population covariation between sperm performance and environmental osmolality. Frogs were obtained from nine populations that differed in environmental osmolality, and sperm samples of males from different populations were subjected to a range of activation-medium osmolalities. Percentage sperm motility was optimal between 10 and 50 mOsm kg(-1) , and sperm velocity was optimal between 10 and 100 mOsm kg(-1) , indicating that C. signifera has evolved sperm that can function across a broad range of osmolalities. As predicted, there was significant among-population variation in sperm performance. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between activation-medium osmolality and environmental osmolality, indicating that frogs from populations with higher environmental osmolality produced sperm that performed better at higher osmolalities in vitro. This finding may reflect phenotypic plasticity in sperm functioning, or genetic divergence resulting from spatial variation in the strength of directional selection. Both of these explanations are consistent with evolutionary theory, providing some of the first empirical evidence that local osmotic environments can favour adaptive sperm motility responses in species that use an external mode of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Byrne
- The Institute for Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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22
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Shin PKS, Leung JYS, Qiu JW, Ang PO, Chiu JMY, Thiyagarajan V, Cheung SG. Acute hypoxic exposure affects gamete quality and subsequent fertilization success and embryonic development in a serpulid polychaete. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:439-445. [PMID: 24661460 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia likely compromises the reproductive success of those marine organisms carrying out external fertilization because their gametes and embryos are inevitably exposed to the external environment. Hydroides elegans, a dominant serpulid polychaete in Hong Kong waters, can spawn throughout the year but the number of recruits drops during summer when hypoxia commonly occurs. This study attempted to explain such observation by investigating the gamete quality, including sperm motility, egg size, complexity and viability, after 1-h hypoxic exposure (1 mg O2 l(-1)). In addition, how gamete quality affects fertilization success and embryonic development was examined. After 1-h hypoxic exposure, sperm motility was significantly reduced, compromising fertilization success. Although the eggs remained viable, more malformed embryos and retarded embryonic development were observed. We interpreted that the harmful effect of hypoxia on embryonic development was attributed to the teratogenicity and induced oxidative stress, ultimately causing the reduction in recruitment during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K S Shin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Y S Leung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J W Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - P O Ang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - J M Y Chiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - V Thiyagarajan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - S G Cheung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Fabbrocini A, D’Adamo R, Pelosi S, Oliveira LF, Silvestri F, Sansone G. Gamete cryobanks for laboratory research: Developing a rapid and easy-to-perform protocol for the cryopreservation of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk, 1816) spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2014; 69:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Gallego V, Pérez L, Asturiano JF, Yoshida M. Sperm motility parameters and spermatozoa morphometric characterization in marine species: a study of swimmer and sessile species. Theriogenology 2014; 82:668-76. [PMID: 25016411 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biodiversity of marine ecosystems is diverse and a high number of species coexist side by side. However, despite the fact that most of these species share a common fertilization strategy, a high variability in terms of the size, shape, and motion of spermatozoa can be found. In this study, we have analyzed both the sperm motion parameters and the spermatozoa morphometric features of two swimmer (pufferfish and European eel) and two sessile (sea urchin and ascidian) marine species. The most important differences in the sperm motion parameters were registered in the swimming period. Sessile species sperm displayed notably higher values than swimmer species sperm. In addition, the sperm motilities and velocities of the swimmer species decreased sharply once the sperm was activated, whereas the sessile species were able to maintain their initial values for a long time. These results are linked directly to the species-specific lifestyles. Although sessile organisms, which show limited or no movement, need sperm with a capacity to swim for long distances to find the oocytes, swimmer organisms can move toward the female and release gametes near it, and therefore the spermatozoa does not need to swim for such a long time. At the same time, sperm morphology is related to sperm motion parameters, and in this study an in-depth morphometric analysis of ascidian, sea urchin, and pufferfish spermatozoa, using computer-assisted sperm analysis software, has been carried out for the first time. A huge variability in shapes, sizes, and structures of the studied species was found using electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Japan
| | - L Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Japan
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25
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Leite JCDA, de Vasconcelos RB, da Silva SG, de Siqueira-Junior JP, Marques-Santos LF. ATP-binding cassette transporters protect sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells against the harmful effects of ultraviolet light. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:66-83. [PMID: 24254332 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryos of marine organisms whose development occurs externally are particularly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light (bands A and B, respectively, UVA and UVB). ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are the first line of cellular defense against chemical or physical stress. The present work investigated the involvement of ABC transporters on UVA or UVB effects on eggs, spermatozoa, and embryonic cells of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter. Gametes or embryos were exposed to UVA (3.6-14.4 kJ m(-2)) or UVB (0.112-14.4 kJ m(-2)), and embryonic development was monitored by optical microscopy at different developmental stages in the presence or absence of the ABC-transporter blockers reversin205 (ABCB1 blocker) or MK571 (ABCC1 blocker). E. lucunter eggs, spermatozoa and embryos were resistant to UVA exposure. Resistance to the harmful effects of UVB was strongly associated to ABC transporter activity (embryos > eggs > spermatozoa). ABCB1 or ABCC1 blockage promoted the injurious effects of UVA on spermatozoa. ABCC1 transporter blockage increased UVB-dependent damage in eggs while ABCB1 transporter inhibition increased harmful effects of UVB in embryonic cells. ABC-transporter activity was not, however, affected by UVB exposure. In conclusion, the present study is the first report on the protective role of ABC transporters against harmful effects of UVA and UVB on sea urchin eggs and embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelmo Cássio de Araujo Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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26
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Amaral S, Redmann K, Sanchez V, Mallidis C, Ramalho-Santos J, Schlatt S. UVB irradiation as a tool to assess ROS-induced damage in human spermatozoa. Andrology 2013; 1:707-14. [PMID: 23836725 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the consequences of oxygen metabolism is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in a situation of imbalance with antioxidants can damage several biomolecules, compromise cell function and even lead to cellular death. The particularities of the sperm cell make it particularly vulnerable to ROS attack compromising its functionality, mirrored in terms of fertility outcome and making the study of the origin of sperm ROS, as well as the alterations they cause very important. In the present work, we used UVB irradiation, an easy experimental approach known as a potent inducer of ROS formation, to better understand the origin of ROS damage without any confounding effects that usually exist in disease models in which ROS are reported to play a role. To address these issues we evaluated sperm mitochondrial ROS production using the Mitosox Red Probe, mitochondrial membrane potential using the JC-1 probe, lipid peroxidation through BODIPY probe and vitality using PI. We observed that UVB irradiation leads to an increase in sperm mitochondrial ROS production and lipid peroxidation that occur previously to an observable mitochondrial dysfunction. We concluded that sperm UVB irradiation appears to be a good and easily manipulated in vitro model system to study mitochondria-induced oxidative stress in spermatozoa and its consequences, which may be relevant in terms of dissecting the action pathways of many other pathologies, drugs and contaminants, including endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amaral
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra.
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27
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Locatello L, Poli F, Rasotto MB. Tactic-specific differences in seminal fluid influence sperm performance. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20122891. [PMID: 23363633 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal fluid often makes up a large part of an ejaculate, yet most empirical and theoretical studies on sperm competition have focused on how sperm characteristics (number and quality) affect fertilization success. However, seminal fluid influences own sperm performance and may potentially influence the outcome of sperm competition, by also affecting that of rivals. As a consequence males may be expected to allocate their investment in both sperm and seminal fluid in relation to the potential level of competition. Grass goby (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus) is an external fertilizer with guard-sneaker mating tactics, where sperm competition risk varies according to the tactic adopted. Here, we experimentally manipulated grass goby ejaculates by separately combining sperm and seminal fluid from territorial and sneaker males. While sperm of sneaker and territorial males did not differ in their performance when they interacted with their own seminal fluid only, sperm of sneakers increased their velocity and fertilization rate in the presence of territorial males' seminal fluid. By contrast, sneaker males' seminal fluid had a detrimental effect on the performance of territorial males' sperm. Sperm velocity was unaffected by the seminal fluid of males employing the same tactic, suggesting that seminal fluid's effect on rival-tactic sperm is not based on a self/non-self recognition mechanism. Our findings show that cross interactions of sperm and seminal fluid may influence the fertilization success of competing ejaculates with males investing in both sperm and seminal fluid in response to sperm competition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
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28
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Silla AJ. Artificial fertilisation in a terrestrial toadlet (Pseudophryne guentheri): effect of medium osmolality, sperm concentration and gamete storage. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:1134-41. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans exhibit a greater reproductive diversity than any other vertebrate order. However, studies investigating the effects of the external fertilisation environment on fertilisation success are limited to aquatic-breeding species. This study investigated the effects of fertilisation medium osmolality, sperm concentration and short-term oocyte storage on fertilisation success in a terrestrial-breeding anuran, Pseudophryne guentheri. Split-clutch experimental designs were used to determine optimal fertilisation conditions. To determine the effect of short-term sperm storage, sperm viability was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and percentage sperm motility and velocity quantified with a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Fertilisation success was highest in media ranging in osmolality from 25 mOsm kg–1 to 100 mOsm kg–1, representing a broader range and higher optimal osmolality than previously reported for aquatic breeders. High rates of fertilisation (>75%) were achieved in relatively low sperm concentrations (2.5 × 104 mL–1). Oocytes stored in isotonic solutions (200 mOsm kg–1) retained fertilisation capacity (32%) after 8 h of storage, while sperm suspensions maintained motility (≥26%) for 13 days. Additional studies on terrestrial-breeding anurans will be required to ascertain whether the optimal fertilisation conditions reported reflect adaptations to achieve fertilisation in a terrestrial environment.
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Lewis C, Ford AT. Infertility in male aquatic invertebrates: a review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 120-121:79-89. [PMID: 22640873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a result of endocrine disruptor studies, there are numerous examples of male related reproductive abnormalities observed in vertebrates. Contrastingly, within the invertebrates there have been considerably less examples both from laboratory and field investigations. This has in part been due to a focus of female related endpoints, inadequate biomarkers and the low number of studies. Whether contaminant induced male infertility is an issue within aquatic invertebrates and their wider communities therefore remains largely unknown and represents a key knowledge gap in our understanding of pollutant impacts in aquatic wildlife. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding pollutants impacting male infertility across several aquatic invertebrate phyla; which biomarkers are currently being used and where the science needs to be expanded. The limited studies conducted so far have revealed reductions in sperm numbers, examples of poor fertilisation success, DNA damage to spermatozoa and inhibition of sperm motility that can be induced by a range of environmental contaminants. This limited data is mainly comprised from laboratory studies with only a few studies of sperm toxicity in natural populations. Clearly, there is a need for further studies in this area, to include both laboratory and field studies from clean and reference sites, with a focus on broadcast spawners and those with direct fertilisation. Biomarkers developed for measuring sperm quantity and quality in vertebrates are easily transferable to invertebrates but require optimisation for particular species. We discuss how sperm tracking and techniques for measuring DNA strand breaks and sperm viability have been successfully transferred from human infertility clinics to aquatic invertebrate ecotoxicology. Linking sperm toxicity and male infertility effects to higher level impacts on the reproductive biology and dynamics of populations requires a much greater understanding of fertilisation dynamics and sperm competition/limitation for invertebrate species and represents the next challenge in our understanding of male toxicity effects in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Lewis
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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30
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Abstract
Females frequently mate with several males, whose sperm then compete to fertilize available ova. Sperm competition represents a potent selective force that is expected to shape male expenditure on the ejaculate. Here, we review empirical data that illustrate the evolutionary consequences of sperm competition. Sperm competition favors the evolution of increased testes size and sperm production. In some species, males appear capable of adjusting the number of sperm ejaculated, depending on the perceived levels of sperm competition. Selection is also expected to act on sperm form and function, although the evidence for this remains equivocal. Comparative studies suggest that sperm length and swimming speed may increase in response to selection from sperm competition. However, the mechanisms driving this pattern remain unclear. Evidence that sperm length influences sperm swimming speed is mixed and fertilization trials performed across a broad range of species demonstrate inconsistent relationships between sperm form and function. This ambiguity may in part reflect the important role that seminal fluid proteins (sfps) play in affecting sperm function. There is good evidence that sfps are subject to selection from sperm competition, and recent work is pointing to an ability of males to adjust their seminal fluid chemistry in response to sperm competition from rival males. We argue that future research must consider sperm and seminal fluid components of the ejaculate as a functional unity. Research at the genomic level will identify the genes that ultimately control male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, , School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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31
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Sopinka NM, Fitzpatrick JL, Taves JE, Ikonomou MG, Marsh-Rollo SE, Balshine S. Does proximity to aquatic pollution affect reproductive traits in a wild-caught intertidal fish? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:2374-2383. [PMID: 22551188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
How chronic exposure to aquatic pollution affects reproductive traits was assessed in nesting wild-caught plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus in areas with low and high contaminant exposure on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Males in high-exposure areas had a greater degree of testicular asymmetry, sperm with shorter heads and fewer live eggs in their nests. The results of this study provide important insights into the potential consequences of contaminant exposure on the reproductive physiology of wild-caught fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Sopinka
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1 Canada.
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Fitzpatrick JL, Simmons LW, Evans JP. Complex patterns of multivariate selection on the ejaculate of a broadcast spawning marine invertebrate. Evolution 2012; 66:2451-60. [PMID: 22834744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assessing how selection operates on several, potentially interacting, components of the ejaculate is a challenging endeavor. Ejaculates can be subject to natural and/or sexual selection, which can impose both linear (directional) and nonlinear (stabilizing, disruptive, and correlational) selection on different ejaculate components. Most previous studies have examined linear selection of ejaculate components and, consequently, we know very little about patterns of nonlinear selection on the ejaculate. Even less is known about how selection acts on the ejaculate as a functionally integrated unit, despite evidence of covariance among ejaculate components. Here, we assess how selection acts on multiple ejaculate components simultaneously in the broadcast spawning sessile invertebrate Mytilus galloprovincialis using the statistical tools of multivariate selection analyses. Our analyses of relative fertilization rates revealed complex patterns of selection on sperm velocity, motility, and morphology. Interestingly, the most successful ejaculates were made up of slower swimming sperm with relatively low percentages of motile cells, and sperm with smaller head volumes that swam in highly pronounced curved swimming trajectories. These results are consistent with an emerging body of literature on fertilization kinetics in broadcast spawners, and shed light on the fundamental nature of selection acting on the ejaculate as a functionally integrated unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Fitzpatrick
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, M092, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia.
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33
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Rhee JS, Kim BM, Choi BS, Lee JS. Expression pattern analysis of DNA repair-related and DNA damage response genes revealed by 55K oligomicroarray upon UV-B irradiation in the intertidal copepod, Tigriopus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:359-68. [PMID: 22051804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation affects the genome stability of aquatic organisms by absorption of certain wavelength at the molecular level. Recently, extensive gene information has been identified from the intertidal copepod, Tigriopus japonicus. Here, we developed a 55K (54,254 genes) oligomicroarray and tested its usefulness to identify the effect of single dose of UV-B irradiation (12 kJ/m(2)) on transcriptomes of the copepod T. japonicus. A total of 35,361 spots were identified to be significantly modulated on the 55K oligomicroarray by hierarchical clustering after exposure to UV-B irradiation over 48 h (6, 12, 24, and 48 h). Of them, 1300 and 588 genes were observed to be up-regulated and down-regulated at all time points, respectively. Particularly, it was observed that several genes involved in DNA repair mechanism were significantly modulated in the UV-B-exposed T. japonicus by microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. In detail, UV-B irradiation specifically up-regulated some genes in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), base excision repair (BER), and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways. On the other hand, a majority of down-regulated genes were representatives for the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism. These results demonstrated that DNA damage would be induced by UV-B irradiation in this species, resulting in reliable induction or repression of various DNA repair mechanism on UV-B-induced DNA damage. In this report, we suggest that a high density microarray-based approach for risk assessment of UV-B irradiation would be useful to elucidate the mechanistic analysis in a non-model organism. This study could also provide a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cellular protection against UV-B-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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34
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Lécureuil C, Rougière N, Nguyen TM, Bressac C, Chevrier C. [Parasitic wasps, a model for studying male subfertility]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:76-81. [PMID: 22289834 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012281020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported an increase in male reproductive disorders due to the environment. Despite their ecological importance invertebrates have been poorly studied; they are yet affected in the same way as vertebrates by changes in the environment. Different stresses made on parasitic wasps are able to induce a male subfertility. These insects are easy to rear in the laboratory, used to control insect pests, and have other benefits presented in this article. Parasitic wasps are good models for understanding the mechanisms inducing subfertility and may provide new areas for research in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'insecte, UMR CNRS 6035, Université François Rabelais, parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
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Caldwell GS, Fitzer S, Gillespie CS, Pickavance G, Turnbull E, Bentley MG. Ocean acidification takes sperm back in time. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2011.574842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vitiello V, Carlino PA, Del Prete F, Langellotti AL, Sansone G. Effects of cooling and freezing on the motility of Ostrea edulis (L., 1758) spermatozoa after thawing. Cryobiology 2011; 63:118-24. [PMID: 21856295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of temperature, cryoprotectant agents and freezing curves on sperm motility of Ostrea edulis. All phases of cryopreservation were studied (evaluation of semen motility pattern, choice of cryoprotectants and freezing rates) to restore after thawing the motility characteristics distinctive of fresh semen. To assess the temperature effects on sperm motility, semen was activated using four different temperatures (25, 18, 10 and 3°C). Sperm aliquots were maintained inactive at these temperatures for 1 and 3h, then activated with FSW at same temperature of conservation. Sperm was activated and incubated to 3°C with dimethylsulfoxide (Me(2)SO), ethylene glycol (EG), 1-2 propylene glycol (PG) (5%, 7%, 10% and 15% final concentrations), glycerol (GlOH; 5%, 10% and 15% final concentrations) and methanol (MetOH; 4% and 10% final concentrations) for 10, 20 and 30min. A first evaluation of freezing rates was made by testing four freezing curves: -1, -3, -6 and -10°C/min. Then, an optimization was made by testing four freezing curves: -2.5, -3.0, -3.5 and -4°C/min. The selected temperature for short term conservation has been 3°C, because only this temperature has allowed good sperm motility conservation after 3h of dry-storage; this is a time sufficient to conduct cryopreservation procedures. The sperm showed a particular sensitivity to GlOH and PG to all tested concentrations and to 15% Me(2)SO. EG and MetOH to all concentrations and Me(2)SO to concentrations lower than 15% have not shown significant toxic effects. The freezing rate -3°C/min using 15% EG has shown an highest percentage of RVF (rapid, vigorous and forward) spermatozoa (class 3, about 75% of fresh semen) and an highest sperm motility duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vitiello
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Laboratorio di Criobiologia, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Liu G, Innes D, Thompson RJ. Quantitative analysis of sperm plane circular movement in the blue mussels Mytilus edulis, M. trossulus and their hybrids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 315:280-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lamare M, Burritt D, Lister K. Ultraviolet radiation and echinoderms: past, present and future perspectives. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2011; 59:145-187. [PMID: 21724020 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385536-7.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is general consensus that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) negatively impacts many marine species. Echinoderms are ubiquitous within the marine environment, with members of the phyla often long-lived and numerically dominant within the benthic macrofauna, consequently the impact of UVR on the population dynamics of these organisms will influence marine communities and ecosystems. Research to date has shown that exposure of echinoderms to solar UVR can, affect reproduction and development, change behaviour, cause numerous biochemical and physiological changes and potentially cause increased mutation rates, by causing DNA damage. There is also considerable evidence that echinoderms utilise several different mechanisms to protect themselves against excessive UVR and subsequent UVR-induced damage. However, these protective mechanisms may pose conflicting selection pressures on echinoderms, as UVR is an additional stressor in oceans subjected to anthropogenic-induced climate change. This review summarises our knowledge of the effects of UVR on the Echinodermata. We outline the research conducted to date, highlight key studies on UVR that have utilised echinoderms and look to the future of UVR research in a rapidly changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Fabbrocini A, Di Stasio M, D'Adamo R. Computerized sperm motility analysis in toxicity bioassays: a new approach to pore water quality assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1588-1595. [PMID: 20537390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity of computerized sperm motility analysis in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as the endpoint in toxicity bioassays. The tested matrices were pore water samples collected in an agriculture-impacted Mediterranean lagoon, Lake Varano (Italy). Two standardized bioassays were also conducted as controls, the P. lividus spermiotoxicity test and the Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®) test. VCL (curvilinear velocity), VSL (straight line velocity), VAP (average path velocity), and the percentage of rapid spermatozoa recorded by the Sperm Class Analyzer® system showed high sensitivity and discrimination ability, to a degree comparable with the larval development endpoint of the spermiotoxicity test. The test evaluated in this study requires small volumes of matrices, involves minimal sample manipulation, and can easily be extended to many other bioindicator species. It may therefore be considered a promising "quick response tool" following hazardous events that may adversely affect an aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Fabbrocini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina, via Pola 4, 71010 Lesina (FG), Italy.
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40
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Fitzpatrick JL, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Evans JP. Linking sperm length and velocity: the importance of intramale variation. Biol Lett 2010; 6:797-9. [PMID: 20484233 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection imposed through sperm competition is commonly thought to promote the evolution of longer sperm, since sperm length is assumed to be positively associated with sperm swimming velocity. Yet, the basis for this assumption remains controversial, and there is surprisingly little intraspecific evidence demonstrating such a link between sperm form and function. Here, we show that sperm length and velocity are highly correlated in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma, but importantly we report that failure to account for within-male variation in these sperm traits can obscure this relationship. These findings, in conjunction with the mounting evidence for extremely high levels of intra-specific variance in sperm traits, suggest that a functional link between sperm morphology and velocity may be more prevalent than what current evidence suggests. Our findings also suggest that selection for faster swimming sperm may promote the evolution of longer sperm, thereby supporting recent findings from macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Fitzpatrick
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia.
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41
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Torres ERS, Abad C, Piñero S, Proverbio T, Marín R, Proverbio F, Camejo MI. Effect of ultraviolet C irradiation on human sperm motility and lipid peroxidation. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:187-93. [PMID: 20201647 DOI: 10.3109/09553000903419288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation of aqueous solutions is known to be a good source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study is to examine the effect of increasing doses of UVC irradiation, in the presence and absence of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), on human sperm motility and lipid peroxidation of its membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human sperm samples were irradiated with UVC light (254 nm) for different periods of time. A computer-assisted semen analysis of sperm motility was carried out after UV irradiation. The percentage of motile sperm (%MOT), progressive motility, straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL) and the percentage of linearity (%LIN) were evaluated. The level of lipid peroxidation of sperm membranes was estimated by measurement of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS UVC irradiation of human spermatozoa produced a diminution of the sperm motility (%MOT, progressive motility, VSL, VCL, %LIN), viability and, concomitantly, an increase of the level of lipid peroxidation of the sperm membranes. The observed effects of the UVC irradiation were prevented by addition of the antioxidant BHT, indicating that the effects of UVC on the tested sperm parameters are mediated by an important rise in lipid peroxidation of the sperm membrane. CONCLUSION Lipid peroxidation of the human sperm plasma membrane leads to a decrease in the sperm motility (%MOT, progressive motility, VSL, VCL, %LIN) and viability. The protective effect of BHT on the UVC-irradiated sperm cells indicates the effects of ROS on sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen R S Torres
- Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Departamento de Biología de Organismos, Caracas, Venezuela
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42
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Dziminski MA, Roberts JD, Simmons LW. Sperm morphology, motility and fertilisation capacity in the myobatrachid frog Crinia georgiana. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:516-22. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm traits have been found to vary between individuals within populations in a variety of taxa. Sperm motility, morphometry and viability may be expected to have important effects on male fertility, although previous studies have found varying patterns, especially in external fertilisers. In the present study, we examined the effects of sperm swimming velocity, the proportion of motile spermatozoa, sperm head and tail length and the proportion of live spermatozoa on fertilisation success in the externally fertilising myobatrachid frog Crinia georgiana using IVF techniques and by controlling sperm numbers. We found no effect of any of the sperm traits we measured on IVF success. Neither did we find any relationship between sperm morphology and sperm performance. There was a negative relationship between sperm viability and male body size, which could be a function of age or an alternative tactic of differential investment in spermatozoa by smaller-sized males using sneak tactics in multiple matings. In contrast with most externally fertilising aquatic organisms, high rates of fertilisation appear to be achieved in C. georgiana with relatively low sperm swimming speeds.
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Schäfer S, Bickmeyer U, Koehler A. Measuring Ca2+-signalling at fertilization in the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris: alterations of this Ca2+-signal by copper and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:261-9. [PMID: 19460461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During fertilization, eggs undergo a temporary rise in the intracellular concentration of free Ca(2+) ions. Using the membrane permeable acetoxymethylester of the fluorescent calcium indicator dye Fura-2, Fura-2 AM, the Ca(2+)-signal at fertilization was not detectable in eggs of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. However, after treatment of the eggs with Fura-2 AM in combination with MK571, an inhibitor for multidrug resistance associated proteins, clear Ca(2+)-signals at fertilization could be measured without microinjection of the dye. We used this methodology to detect possible alterations of Ca(2+)-signalling at fertilization by exposure of eggs to environmental pollutants. For this purpose, the heavy metal copper, the bromophenol 2,4,6-tribromophenol, the organic compound bisphenol A and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene were tested for their potential to inhibit fertilization success of P. miliaris. Copper and 2,4,6-tribromophenol showed a dose-dependent effect on fertilization rates of P. miliaris and significantly inhibited fertilization at 6.3 microM Cu(2+) and 1 microM 2,4,6-tribromphenol. Bisphenol A significantly inhibited fertilization success at 438 microM while phenanthrene had no effect up to 56 microM. 6.3 microM copper and 100 microM 2,4,6-tribromophenol significantly increased the Ca(2+)-signal at fertilization. This alteration may contribute to the reduced fertilization rates of P. miliaris after exposure to copper and 2,4,6-tribromophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schäfer
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Helmholtz Association, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Fitzpatrick JL, Craig PM, Bucking C, Balshine S, Wood CM, McClelland GB. Sperm performance under hypoxic conditions in the intertidal fish Porichthys notatus. CAN J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/z09-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen) exposure generally leads to decreased reproductive capacity, exhibited by reductions in testicular mass, reproductive hormones, and sperm swimming speed. However, in many fish species, reproduction occurs either periodically or exclusively under hypoxic conditions. In this study we assessed how hypoxia influences sperm performance in the plainfin midshipman ( Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854), a species that lives in intertidal nests that become hypoxic during low tides. We exposed sperm from the same male to normoxic or hypoxic conditions and compared sperm characteristics and oxygen consumption between treatments. Sperm exposed to hypoxic water swam faster and consumed more oxygen than sperm swimming in normoxic conditions. Sperm swimming speed was positively related with oxygen consumption. For each male, the percentage of motile spermatozoa did not differ between treatments, suggesting that the same number of sperm were active but their performance was dependent on the dissolved oxygen content in the water. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of sperm competition and fertilization success under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Paul M. Craig
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Carol Bucking
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Chris M. Wood
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Grant B. McClelland
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
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Nahon S, Castro Porras VA, Pruski AM, Charles F. Sensitivity to UV radiation in early life stages of the Mediterranean sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:1892-1900. [PMID: 19157510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis was used to investigate the impact of relevant levels of UV-B radiation on the early life stages of a common Mediterranean free spawning benthic species. Sperm, eggs and embryos were exposed to a range of UV radiation doses. The resulting endpoints were evaluated in terms of fertilisation success, development and survival rates. Above a weighted UV radiation dose of 0.0029 kJ m(-2), fertilisation capability of irradiated sperm decreased rapidly. The exposure of the eggs to 0.0175 kJ m(-2) and more led to delayed and inhibited development with ensuing embryonic morphological abnormalities. One-day old larvae remained strongly sensitive to UV radiation as shown by the 50% decrease of the larval survival rate for a dose of 0.025 kJ m(-2) UVR. The elevated sensitivity of embryos to experimental UVR went along with a lack of significant amount of sunscreen compounds (e.g., mycosporine-like amino acids) in the eggs. The present results demonstrated that gamete viability and embryonic development may be significantly impaired by solar UV radiation in S. granularis, compromising in this way the reproduction of the species. Unless adaptive behavioural reproductive strategies exist, the influence of ambient UV radiation appears as a selective force for population dynamics of broadcast spawners in the shallow benthic Mediterranean environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nahon
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, LOBB, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66651, Banyuls/mer, France
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Pruski AM, Nahon S, Escande ML, Charles F. Ultraviolet radiation induces structural and chromatin damage in Mediterranean sea-urchin spermatozoa. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 673:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nahon S, Charles F, Pruski AM. Improved Comet assay for the assessment of UV genotoxicity in Mediterranean sea urchin eggs. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:351-359. [PMID: 18418869 DOI: 10.1002/em.20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gametes and embryos of broadcast spawners are exposed to a wide range of chemical and physical stressors which may alone, or in conjunction, have serious consequences on reproductive outcomes. In this study, two Mediterranean echinoid species, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis, were chosen as models to study the genotoxicity of UV radiation (UVR) on the eggs of broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates. The single cell gel electrophoresis, or Comet assay, was successfully adapted to assess DNA strand breakage in sea urchin eggs. The results demonstrated that the genetic material of sea urchin eggs is susceptible to environmentally realistic UV exposure. The induction of DNA damage in the irradiated unfertilized eggs suggests that the previously described defense mechanisms in sea urchin eggs do not completely protect the egg's DNA against UV toxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that UV-impairment of the genetic integrity of the eggs might have a role in postfertilization failures and abnormal embryonic development. Although both species were vulnerable to UVR, embryonic development was less dramatically impaired in P.Lividus. This observation supports the postulation that species inhabiting shallower environments possess more efficient mechanisms to overcome UV-induced DNA alterations. The present demonstration of the utility and sensitivity of the Comet assay to evaluate DNA integrity in eggs from marine invertebrates opens new perspectives for monitoring the long-term effects of environmental exposure on populations and for the routine screening of substances for genotoxicity in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nahon
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, LOBB, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66651, Banyuls/mer, France
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Zan-Bar T, Bartoov B, Segal R, Yehuda R, Lavi R, Lubart R, Avtalion RR. Influence of Visible Light and Ultraviolet Irradiation on Motility and Fertility of Mammalian and Fish Sperm. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:549-55. [PMID: 16356145 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of visible light irradiation on sperm motility, fertility, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were investigated and compared in ram and fish (tilapia). BACKGROUND DATA Low-energy visible light has previously been found to modulate various processes in different biological systems. In the literature, it is accepted that the first step following visible light irradiation is the formation of ROS by endogenous cellular photosensitizers. METHODS Sperm of ram and tilapia were irradiated with various light sources (400-800 nm white light, 660 nm red light, 360 nm blue light, 294 nm UV), and their motility and fertility rates were measured. The amount of ROS generated by irradiation was estimated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. RESULTS Sperm taken from tilapia showed higher motility and fertility following red and white light irradiation. In contrast, the motility and fertility of ram sperm were slightly increased only by red light. A negative effect on motility and fertility of sperm of both species was obtained following irradiation with UV and blue light. The amount of ROS produced in irradiated tilapia sperm was much higher than that of ram sperm. CONCLUSIONS The results show that different wavelengths differentially affect tilapia and ram sperm motility and fertilization. The difference in response to the various light sources might be explained by the different amounts of ROS formation by ram and tilapia, which are in agreement with the physiology of fertilization appropriate to each of these species. Based on these results, it is suggested that in vitro fertilization in mammals should be performed in darkness or at least under red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zan-Bar
- Life Sciences Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Dietrich GJ, Szpyrka A, Wojtczak M, Dobosz S, Goryczko K, Zakowski L, Ciereszko A. Effects of UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide on DNA fragmentation, motility and fertilizing ability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1809-22. [PMID: 15921734 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of DNA integrity is essential for protection of sperm quality. This study examined, with the use of comet assay, DNA fragmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa subjected to UV irradiation (2,075 microW/cm(2), 0-15 min) or oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0-20mM). Sperm motility and fertilizing ability were also measured. A dramatic increase in DNA fragmentation was recorded after 5 min UV irradiation but no significant changes in sperm motility were observed at this time. Longer irradiation resulted in a decrease in motility parameters and further increase of DNA fragmentation. UV irradiation caused a clear decrease in the percentage of eyed embryos and most of the embryos did not hatch. When highly diluted sperm suspensions (50,000-fold) were exposed to 0.1mM H(2)O(2) evident increase in DNA fragmentation was observed. On the other hand, when more concentrated sperm suspensions (diluted only 40-fold) were employed (in order to conduct motility and fertilization measurements at the same time) 1-20mM H(2)O(2) caused only moderate increase in DNA fragmentation and dose-dependent decline in sperm motility and fertilizing ability. This suggests that toxic effects of H(2)O(2) were primarily related to inhibition of sperm motility. Our results demonstrate that comet assay can be used for monitoring the effectiveness of fish sperm DNA inactivation by UV irradiation. Therefore, the comet assay together with sperm motility analysis can be applied in optimization works of gynogenetic procedures in fish. Lack of effectiveness of H(2)O(2) in inducing major DNA fragmentation suggests presence of mechanisms of antioxidative defense in rainbow trout spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Dietrich
- Semen Biology Group, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, Poland
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