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Maraninchi M, Calabrese A, Nogueira JP, Castinetti F, Mancini J, Mourre F, Piétri L, Bénamo E, Albarel F, Morange I, Dupont-Roussel J, Nicolay A, Brue T, Béliard S, Valéro R. Role of growth hormone in hepatic and intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:712-723. [PMID: 34462238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma concentrations of hepatic- and intestinally-derived triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Excess of TRL is the driving cause of atherogenic dyslipidemia commonly occurring in insulin-resistant individuals such as patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Interestingly, growth hormone (GH)-deficient individuals display similar atherogenic dyslipidemia, suggesting an important role of GH and GH deficiency in the regulation of TRL metabolism. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the direct and/or indirect role of GH on TRL metabolism. METHODS We investigated the effect on fasting and postprandial hepatic-TRL and intestinal-TRL metabolism of short-term (one month) withdrawal of GH in 10 GH-deficient adults. RESULTS After GH withdrawal, we found a reduction in fasting plasma TRL concentration (significant decrease in TRL-TG, TRL-cholesterol, TRL-apoB-100, TRL-apoC-III and TRL-apoC-II) but not in postprandial TRL response. This reduction was due to fewer fasting TRL particles without a change in TG per particle and was not accompanied by a change in postprandial TRL-apoB-48 response. Individual reductions in TRL correlated strongly with increases in insulin sensitivity and decreases in TRL-apoC-III. CONCLUSION In this relatively short term 'loss of function' human experimental model, we have shown an unanticipated reduction of hepatic-TRL particles despite increase in total body fat mass and reduction in lean mass. These findings contrast with the atherogenic dyslipidemia previously described in chronic GH deficient states, providing a new perspective for the role of GH in lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maraninchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Anastasia Calabrese
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Juan-Patricio Nogueira
- Docencia e Investigacion, Hospital Central de Formosa, Salta 555, Formosa CP 3600, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Gutnisky 3200, Formosa CP 3600, Argentina
| | - Frédéric Castinetti
- INSERM, U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, France and AP-HM, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Julien Mancini
- INSERM, IRD, UMR1252, SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille F-13273, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Public Health Department (BIOSTIC), Marseille, F-13385, France
| | - Florian Mourre
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Léa Piétri
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Eric Bénamo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital d'Avignon Henri Duffaut, 205 rue Raoul Follereau, Avignon 84000, France
| | - Frédérique Albarel
- INSERM, U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, France and AP-HM, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Isabelle Morange
- INSERM, U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, France and AP-HM, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Jeanine Dupont-Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Alain Nicolay
- APHM, Laboratory of Endocrine Biochemistry, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Brue
- INSERM, U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, France and AP-HM, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Sophie Béliard
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France
| | - René Valéro
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, University Hospital La Conception, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, 147 boulevard Baille, Marseille 13005, France.
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Forbes S, Godsland IF, Taylor-Robinson SD, Bell JD, Thomas EL, Patel N, Hamilton G, Parker KH, Marshall I, Gray CD, Bedford D, Caslake M, Walker BR, Johnston DG. A history of previous gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse changes in insulin secretion and VLDL metabolism independently of increased intrahepatocellular lipid. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2021-33. [PMID: 23760677 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously reported a high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM). We wanted to confirm that intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) is associated with pGDM independently of adiposity and determine: (1) if VLDL metabolism is dysregulated; and (2) the extent to which NAFLD and IHCL account for the dysmetabolic phenotype in pGDM. METHODS We analysed data from a cohort of 234 women (114 with pGDM) and identified effects of pGDM on lipid and glucoregulation that were independent of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. We then measured IHCL by MR spectroscopy in a representative subgroup (n = 36) and conducted detailed metabolic studies (IVGTT, VLDL apolipoprotein B [apoB] kinetics and palmitate turnover) and measurement of regional body fat by MRI to demonstrate effects of IHCL that were independent of a history of pGDM. RESULTS pGDM was associated with increased IHCL (p = 0.04) after adjustment for adiposity. Independently of IHCL, pGDM was associated with a lower IVGTT disposition index (p = 0.02) and acute insulin response to glucose (pGDM+/NAFLD-, 50% lower; pGDM+/NAFLD+, 36% lower; effect of pGDM, p = 0.03), increased VLDL apoB pool size (pGDM+/NAFLD-, 3.1-fold higher; pGDM+/NAFLD+, 1.2-fold higher; effect of pGDM, p = 0.02) and, at borderline significance (p = 0.05), increased rate of VLDL apoB synthesis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION pGDM is associated with increased IHCL independently of adiposity. The increased liver fat contributes to the phenotype, but pGDM status is independently associated with diminished insulin secretion and (shown for the first time) augmented VLDL metabolism. IHCL with pGDM may compound a dysmetabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Forbes
- Endocrinology Unit, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Kearney T, de Gallegos CN, Proudler A, Parker K, Anayaoku V, Bannister P, Venkatesan S, Johnston DG. Effects of short- and long-term growth hormone replacement on lipoprotein composition and on very-low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B100 kinetics in growth hormone-deficient hypopituitary subjects. Metabolism 2003; 52:50-9. [PMID: 12524662 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2003.50061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we concurrently examined the effects of 8 and 40 weeks of growth hormone replacement (GHR) on lipids, lipoprotein composition, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein (apo)B kinetics and LDL apoB kinetics. Eight weeks of GHR did not alter lipid profiles. Forty weeks of GHR increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration (P =.01), nonsignificantly reduced LDL-C (P =.06), and reduced the HDL/LDL-C ratio (P =.04). Forty weeks of GHR increased HDL free cholesterol (P =.03), total cholesterol (P =.01), and cholesterol ester (P <.01) concentrations. No other significant changes in VLDL, LDL, or HDL composition or LDL size were noted at any time. Eight weeks of GHR reduced VLDL apoB absolute secretion rate (ASR, P =.03), with nonsignificant reductions in fractional secretion rate (FSR, P =.09) and pool size (P =.09). After 40 weeks of GHR, the VLDL apoB ASR, FSR, and pool size were not significantly different from baseline. Forty weeks of GHR increased both LDL apoB FSR (P =.02) and LDL apoB ASR (P =.04), with a small decrease in pool size. Thus, GHR may have important antiatherogenic effects; HDL-C increased, LDL-C was nonsignificantly reduced, the total/HDL-C ratio was reduced, VLDL apoB production was reduced, and LDL apoB turnover was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Kearney
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Chrisoulidou A, Kousta E, Venkatesan S, Gray R, Bannister PA, Gallagher JJ, Lawrence N, Johnston DG. Effects of growth hormone treatment on very-low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B100 turnover in adult hypopituitarism. Metabolism 2000; 49:563-6. [PMID: 10831163 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(00)80028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult hypopituitarism is associated with hyperlipidemia, mainly due to an increase of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Recent studies have shown that such patients exhibit increased hepatic secretion of VLDL apolipoprotein B100 (VLDL apo B100). To examine the effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement on VLDL apo B100 turnover, 13 GH-deficient hypopituitary patients (8 women and 5 men; aged 47 +/- 3 years, mean +/- SEM; body mass index [BMI], 30 +/- 2 kg/m2) entered a double-blind placebo-controlled study for 6 months (GH 0.125 IU/kg/wk for 4 weeks, and then 0.25 IU/kg/wk). GH was subsequently used in all patients for a further 6 months. A 6-hour [1-13C] leucine infusion was administered at baseline and at 6 months. The secretion rate of VLDL apo B100 was derived by kinetic analysis following quantitation of isotopic enrichment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The GH-treated group (6 patients) demonstrated a similar fractional secretion rate (FSR) for VLDL apo B100 at 0 and 6 months. The pool size and absolute secretion rate (ASR) also were unaffected significantly by GH therapy. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group (7 patients). Treatment with GH for 6 months caused an increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (13 patients, 1.27 +/- 0.13 v 1.16 +/- 0.10 mmol/L, respectively, P = .05), whereas total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations did not change. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) increased during GH therapy (471 +/- 43 micromol/L at 6 months v 349 +/- 49 micromol/L at baseline, P < .0005). The data suggest that GH does not affect VLDL apo B100 turnover in a significant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chrisoulidou
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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