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Hoobehfekr S, Moghaddam HS, Shalbafan M, Hashemi MG, Pirmoradi MM, Sakenian A, Poopak A, Kashefinejad S, Yarahmadi M, Akhondzadeh S. Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:57-62. [PMID: 33247483 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tipepidine, a synthetic, non-opioid expectorant, has been shown to improve depressive-like behavior in animal models of depression. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of tipepidine combination therapy with citalopram in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 62 patients with MDD were assigned into two parallel groups to receive citalopram (up to 40 mg/day) plus placebo or citalopram plus tipepidine (30 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks. Participants were assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 6. RESULTS Fifty-six patients completed the trial. The tipepidine group showed greater improvement in HAM-D scores from baseline to all three study time points (P = 0.048 for all). The remission and response-to-treatment rates were significantly higher in the tipepidine group (53.6% and 100%) compared to the placebo group (25.0% and 75%) at the study end-point (P = 0.029 and 0.005, respectively). The remission and response times in patients in the tipepidine group were also shorter compared with the placebo group (log-rank P = 0.020 and 0.004). There was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline parameters or frequency of side-effects. CONCLUSION Tipepidine combination therapy with citalopram can effectively improve symptoms of patients with MDD in a shorter period of treatment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up treatment are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hoobehfekr
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghazizadeh Hashemi
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Pirmoradi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakenian
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Poopak
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Kashefinejad
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Yarahmadi
- Department of Health Psychology, Khorramshahr - Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Miki R, Honda I, Hamasaki R, Kawahara R, Soeda F, Shirasaki T, Misumi S, Takahama K. Effects of tipepidine on MK-801-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Brain Res 2019; 1710:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Taylor CP, Traynelis SF, Siffert J, Pope LE, Matsumoto RR. Pharmacology of dextromethorphan: Relevance to dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta®) clinical use. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:170-82. [PMID: 27139517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DM) has been used for more than 50years as an over-the-counter antitussive. Studies have revealed a complex pharmacology of DM with mechanisms beyond blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and inhibition of glutamate excitotoxicity, likely contributing to its pharmacological activity and clinical potential. DM is rapidly metabolized to dextrorphan, which has hampered the exploration of DM therapy separate from its metabolites. Coadministration of DM with a low dose of quinidine inhibits DM metabolism, yields greater bioavailability and enables more specific testing of the therapeutic properties of DM apart from its metabolites. The development of the drug combination DM hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate (DM/Q), with subsequent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for pseudobulbar affect, led to renewed interest in understanding DM pharmacology. This review summarizes the interactions of DM with brain receptors and transporters and also considers its metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties. To assess the potential clinical relevance of these interactions, we provide an analysis comparing DM activity from in vitro functional assays with the estimated free drug DM concentrations in the brain following oral DM/Q administration. The findings suggest that DM/Q likely inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also blocks NMDA receptors with rapid kinetics. Use of DM/Q may also antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly those composed of α3β4 subunits, and cause agonist activity at sigma-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joao Siffert
- Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Laura E Pope
- Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA
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De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G, Millan MJ. Expanding the repertoire of L-DOPA's actions: A comprehensive review of its functional neurochemistry. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 151:57-100. [PMID: 27389773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Though a multi-facetted disorder, Parkinson's disease is prototypically characterized by neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a severe disruption of motor function. Accordingly, L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor of dopamine (DA), is well-established as a treatment for the motor deficits of Parkinson's disease despite long-term complications such as dyskinesia and psychiatric side-effects. Paradoxically, however, despite the traditional assumption that L-DOPA is transformed in residual striatal dopaminergic neurons into DA, the mechanism of action of L-DOPA is neither simple nor entirely clear. Herein, focussing on its influence upon extracellular DA and other neuromodulators in intact animals and experimental models of Parkinson's disease, we highlight effects other than striatal generation of DA in the functional profile of L-DOPA. While not excluding a minor role for glial cells, L-DOPA is principally transformed into DA in neurons yet, interestingly, with a more important role for serotonergic than dopaminergic projections. Moreover, in addition to the striatum, L-DOPA evokes marked increases in extracellular DA in frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, the subthalamic nucleus and additional extra-striatal regions. In considering its functional profile, it is also important to bear in mind the marked (probably indirect) influence of L-DOPA upon cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the basal ganglia and/or cortex, while anomalous serotonergic transmission is incriminated in the emergence of L-DOPA elicited dyskinesia and psychosis. Finally, L-DOPA may exert intrinsic receptor-mediated actions independently of DA neurotransmission and can be processed into bioactive metabolites. In conclusion, L-DOPA exerts a surprisingly complex pattern of neurochemical effects of much greater scope that mere striatal transformation into DA in spared dopaminergic neurons. Their further experimental and clinical clarification should help improve both L-DOPA-based and novel strategies for controlling the motor and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherche Servier, Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, 78290 Croissy/Seine,Paris, France
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Soeda F, Fujieda Y, Kinoshita M, Shirasaki T, Takahama K. Centrally acting non-narcotic antitussives prevent hyperactivity in mice: Involvement of GIRK channels. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 144:26-32. [PMID: 26892760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that centrally acting non-narcotic antitussives inhibited G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel-activated currents, and that the antitussives had multiple pharmacological actions on various models of intractable brain diseases in rodents. In this study, the question of whether these antitussives inhibit drug-induced hyperactivity in mice was investigated. Antitussives, such as cloperastine and tipepidine, at cough suppressant doses, inhibited an increase in ambulation of mice neonatally treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. In addition, all antitussives studied inhibited an increase in methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice. Methylphenidate, which is used for treatment of ADHD, inhibited 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion-induced, but not methamphetamine-induced, hyperactivity in mice. By the rota-rod test, the drugs had little effect on motor coordination of the hyperactive mice. Significant correlation was found between the ameliorating effects of antitussives on methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and their inhibitory actions on GIRK channel currents (coefficient factor, 0.998). Furthermore, tertiapin, a GIRK channel blocker, prevented an increase in methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity of mice. These results demonstrated that antitussive drugs (cloperastine, tipepidine and caramiphen) possessing inhibitory action on GIRK channels inhibit drug-induced hyperactivity in mice, suggesting that such antitussives may potentially be therapeutic for patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Soeda
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujieda
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mizue Kinoshita
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shirasaki
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Jalewa J, Joshi A, McGinnity TM, Prasad G, Wong-Lin K, Hölscher C. Neural circuit interactions between the dorsal raphe nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus: an experimental and computational study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88003. [PMID: 24516577 PMCID: PMC3916338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexinergic/hypocretinergic (Ox) neurotransmission plays an important role in regulating sleep, as well as in anxiety and depression, for which the serotonergic (5-HT) system is also involved in. However, little is known regarding the direct and indirect interactions between 5-HT in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and Ox neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA). In this study, we report the additional presence of 5-HT1BR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT2CR and fast ligand-gated 5-HT3AR subtypes on the Ox neurons of transgenic Ox-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ox-EGFP) and wild type C57Bl/6 mice using single and double immunofluorescence (IF) staining, respectively, and quantify the colocalization for each 5-HT receptor subtype. We further reveal the presence of 5-HT3AR and 5-HT1AR on GABAergic neurons in LHA. We also identify NMDAR1, OX1R and OX2R on Ox neurons, but none on adjacent GABAergic neurons. This suggests a one-way relationship between LHA's GABAergic and Ox neurons, wherein GABAergic neurons exerts an inhibitory effect on Ox neurons under partial DRN's 5-HT control. We also show that Ox axonal projections receive glutamatergic (PSD-95 immunopositive) and GABAergic (Gephyrin immunopositive) inputs in the DRN. We consider these and other available findings into our computational model to explore possible effects of neural circuit connection types and timescales on the DRN-LHA system's dynamics. We find that if the connections from 5-HT to LHA's GABAergic neurons are weakly excitatory or inhibitory, the network exhibits slow oscillations; not observed when the connection is strongly excitatory. Furthermore, if Ox directly excites 5-HT neurons at a fast timescale, phasic Ox activation can lead to an increase in 5-HT activity; no significant effect with slower timescale. Overall, our experimental and computational approaches provide insights towards a more complete understanding of the complex relationship between 5-HT in the DRN and Ox in the LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Jalewa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alok Joshi
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - T. Martin McGinnity
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Girijesh Prasad
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CH); (KW)
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CH); (KW)
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7
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Soeda F, Hirakawa E, Inoue M, Shirasaki T, Takahama K. Cloperastine rescues impairment of passive avoidance response in mice prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:216-225. [PMID: 22223406 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) impaired passive avoidance responses in mice. Apart from the above, we also found that cloperastine, a centrally acting antitussive, ameliorated depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents at antitussive-effective doses. In this study, we investigated whether or not cloperastine rescues impairment of passive avoidance responses in mice prenatally exposed to DES. Male DES-exposed mice were subcutaneously administered cloperastine at 10 or 30 mg/kg twice a day from 32 to 41 days after birth and subjected to behavioral testing 42 to 46 days after birth. Cloperastine at 10 and 30 mg/kg ameliorated DES-induced impairment of passive avoidance responses. In addition, cloperastine affected the levels of 5-HT1A receptors, GIRK and BDNF in the hippocampus of DES-exposed mice. However, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus of DES-exposed mice was not changed by chronic administration of cloperastine. These findings suggest that the action of endocrine disruptors in the brain may not always be irreversible, and that the symptoms caused by endocrine disruptors might be curable with drugs such as cloperastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Soeda
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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8
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Hamasaki R, Shirasaki T, Soeda F, Takahama K. Tipepidine activates VTA dopamine neuron via inhibiting dopamine D₂ receptor-mediated inward rectifying K⁺ current. Neuroscience 2013; 252:24-34. [PMID: 23896570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the novel antidepressant-like effect of tipepidine may be produced at least partly through the activation of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons via inhibiting G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. In this study, we investigated the action of tipepidine on DA D2 receptor-mediated GIRK currents (IDA(GIRK)) and membrane excitability in DA neurons using the voltage clamp and current clamp modes of the patch-clamp techniques, respectively. DA neurons were acutely dissociated from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in rats and identified by the presence of the hyperpolarization-activated currents. Tipepidine reversibly inhibited IDA(GIRK) with IC50 7.0 μM and also abolished IDA(GIRK) irreversibly activated in the presence of intracellular GTPγS. Then tipepidine depolarized membrane potential and generated action potentials in the neurons current-clamped. Furthermore, the drug at 40 mg/kg, i.p. increased the number of cells immunopositive both for c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the VTA. These results suggest that tipepidine may activate DA neurons in VTA through the inhibition of GIRK channel-activated currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hamasaki
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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9
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Effect of tipepidine with novel antidepressant-like action on c-fos-like protein expression in rat brain. Brain Res 2013; 1513:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Takahama K. Multiple pharmacological actions of centrally acting antitussives--Do they target G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K⁺ (GIRK) channels? J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 120:146-51. [PMID: 23059953 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12r07cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitussive drugs have been used for decades and their modes of action are well elucidated. However, recent studies on the mechanism of their antitussive action seem to be opening a new way for discovery or development of novel drugs for intractable brain diseases including psychiatric disorders. Antitussives inhibit the currents caused by activation of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K⁺ (GIRK) channels in neurons. In our own studies carried out so far, we found that antitussives possessing an inhibitory action on GIRK channels, similar to the effects of an enriched environment, ameliorate symptoms of intractable brain diseases in various animal models. In this review, the multiple pharmacological actions of the antitussives are described, and their mechanisms are discussed addressing GIRK channels as a possible molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takahama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Kawaura K, Miki R, Urashima Y, Kawahara R, Soeda F, Shirasaki T, Takahama K. Pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant-like effect of tipepidine in the forced swimming test. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226:381-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ohi Y, Tsunekawa S, Haji A. Dextromethorphan inhibits the glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius of guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:54-62. [PMID: 21487194 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11008fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DEX) is a widely used non-opioid antitussive. However, the precise site of action and its mechanism were not fully understood. We examined the effects of DEX on AMPA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of guinea pigs. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (evoked EPSCs: eEPSCs) were evoked in the second-order neurons by electrical stimulation of the tractus solitarius. DEX reversibly decreased the eEPSC amplitude in a concentration-dependent manner. The DEX-induced inhibition of eEPSC was accompanied by an increased paired-pulse ratio. Miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) were also recorded in the presence of Cd(2+) or tetrodotoxin. DEX decreased the frequency of mEPSCs without affecting their amplitude. Topically applied AMPA provoked an inward current in the neurons, which was unchanged during the perfusion of DEX. BD1047, a σ-1-receptor antagonist, did not block the inhibitory effect of DEX on the eEPSCs, but antagonized the inhibition of eEPSCs induced by SKF-10047, a σ-1 agonist. Haloperidol, a σ-1 and -2 receptor ligand, had no influence on the inhibitory action of DEX. These results suggest that DEX inhibits glutamate release from the presynaptic terminals projecting to the second-order NTS neurons, but this effect of DEX is not mediated by the activation of σ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ohi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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YAMAMOTO G, SOEDA F, SHIRASAKI T, TAKAHAMA K. Is the GIRK Channel a Possible Target in the Development of a Novel Therapeutic Drug of Urinary Disturbance? YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:523-32. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen YAMAMOTO
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Fumio SOEDA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tetsuya SHIRASAKI
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kazuo TAKAHAMA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Yamamoto G, Soeda F, Shirasaki T, Takahama K. Ameliorating effects of cloperastine on dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by cerebral infarction in conscious rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 87:893-9. [PMID: 19935896 DOI: 10.1139/y09-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the centrally acting antitussives dextromethorphan and cloperastine on urinary bladder dysfunction 24 h after cerebral infarction in rats using the cystometry technique. First, cystometrography was performed in conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cerebral infarction was then induced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Twenty-four hours after cerebral infarction, the effect of each drug on micturition disorder was estimated for 5 parameters: bladder capacity, maximum voiding pressure, micturition latency, flow rate, and urethral resistance. Cerebral infarction markedly reduced bladder capacity, micturition latency, and flow rate and increased urethral resistance. After cerebral infarction, intravenous dosing of saline had no effect on these parameters. Dextromethorphan (20 mg/kg) and cloperastine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) at antitussive effective doses significantly increased bladder capacity and micturition latency. Unlike dextromethorphan, cloperastine ameliorated decreases in flow rate and increases in urethral resistance caused by cerebral infarction. These results suggest that cloperastine may have therapeutic value for the treatment of disorders of the micturition reflex associated with cerebral infarction, and that the drug may become a base compound from which to develop more active drugs for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Takahama K, Shirasaki T, Soeda F. Central mechanisms III: neuronal mechanisms of action of centrally acting antitussives using electrophysiological and neurochemical study approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009:219-240. [PMID: 18825343 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79842-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Takahama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Takahama K, Shirasaki T. Central and peripheral mechanisms of narcotic antitussives: codeine-sensitive and -resistant coughs. COUGH 2007; 3:8. [PMID: 17620111 PMCID: PMC1950526 DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Narcotic antitussives such as codeine reveal the antitussive effect primarily via the mu-opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). The kappa-opioid receptor also seems to contribute partly to the production of the antitussive effect of the drugs. There is controversy as to whether delta-receptors are involved in promoting an antitussive effect. Peripheral opioid receptors seem to have certain limited roles. Although narcotic antitussives are the most potent antitussives at present, certain types of coughs, such as chronic cough, are particularly difficult to suppress even with codeine. In guinea pigs, coughs elicited by mechanical stimulation of the bifurcation of the trachea were not able to be suppressed by codeine. In gupigs with sub-acute bronchitis caused by SO2 gas exposure, coughing is difficult to inhibit with centrally acting antitussives such as codeine. Some studies suggest that neurokinins are involved in the development of codeine-resistant coughs. However, evidence supporting this claim is still insufficient. It is very important to characterize opiate-resistant coughs in experimental animals, and to determine which experimentally induced coughs correspond to which types of cough in humans. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of antitussive effects of narcotic antitussives, addressing codeine-sensitive and -resistant coughs, and including our own results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takahama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shirasaki
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Ishibashi H, Eto K, Arimura Y, Yamada J, Hatano Y, Nishikawa M, Noda M, Takahama K. Inhibition of the serotonin-induced inward current by dextromethorphan in rat nodose ganglion neurons. Brain Res 2006; 1097:65-70. [PMID: 16730674 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan is one of the most widely used antitussives for the treatment of cough. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dextromethorphan on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced currents in acutely dissociated rat nodose ganglion neurons using nystatin-perforated patch-clamp recording configuration. The 5-HT-induced current was inhibited by the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist tropisetron, while the selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide hydrochloride (mCPBG) induced a similar current. Dextromethorphan reversibly and concentration-dependently inhibited the 5-HT-induced inward current. The inhibition did not appear to be voltage-dependent. Both the peak and steady-state 5-HT-induced currents were inhibited by dextromethorphan, although the peak current was more sensitive to dextromethorphan block. The IC(50) values for the inhibition of peak and steady currents evoked by 3 muM 5-HT were 16.4 and 34.4 muM, respectively. In the presence of 10 muM dextromethorphan, the concentration-response curve for 5-HT was shifted to the right without changing the maximum response, while high concentrations reduced the maximum current. The 5-HT EC(50) values in the presence of 0, 10, 30 and 60 muM dextromethorphan were 4.3, 6.8, 15.5 and 40.6 muM, respectively. The results indicate that dextromethorphan inhibits the 5-HT-induced current of rat nodose ganglion neurons, and further suggest that dextromethorphan at a low concentration acts as a competitive inhibitor of 5-HT(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Bio-signaling Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka-City 812-8582, Japan.
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Shirasaki T, Abe K, Soeda F, Takahama K. delta-Opioid receptor antagonists inhibit GIRK channel currents in acutely dissociated brainstem neurons of rat. Brain Res 2004; 1006:190-7. [PMID: 15051522 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of delta-opioid receptor antagonists on the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel currents induced by serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NAd) in the dorsal raphe and the locus coeruleus neurons, respectively. Perforated patch and conventional whole-cell patch clamp recording techniques were used for the study. Neurons were acutely dissociated from neonatal rats. Both naltrindole (NTI) and naltriben (NTB), which are selective delta-antagonists possessing antitussive activity in in vivo animal studies, reversibly inhibited the 5-HT-induced GIRK channel currents (I(5-HT)) in dorsal raphe neurons. This inhibition was concentration-dependent and voltage-independent. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) on I(5-HT) was 9.84x10(-5) M for NTI and 1.28x10(-5) M for NTB. The inhibition was not reversed by 10(-5) M DPDPE, a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist. NTI did not affect 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) on the concentration-response relationship for 5-HT but inhibited the maximum response. In neurons internally perfused with GTPgammaS, both NTI and NTB also inhibited the GIRK channel currents irreversibly activated by 5-HT. Furthermore, these antagonists concentration dependently inhibited 10(-6) M NAd-induced currents (I(NAd)) in locus coeruleus neurons. The IC(50) of NTI on I(NAd) was 8.44x10(-5) M, which was close to that on I(5-HT). The results suggest that NTI and NTB, which are delta-opioid receptor antagonists possessing antitussive activity, may inhibit GIRK channel currents through a non-opioid action, and give further support to our idea previously proposed that centrally acting non-narcotic antitussives have a common characteristic of the inhibitory action on GIRK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shirasaki
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Yamashita S, Yamaguchi H, Hisajima Y, Ijima K, Saito K, Chiba A, Yasunaga T. Preoperative Oral Dextromethorphan Attenuated Tourniquet-Induced Arterial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Increases in Knee Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients Under General Anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2004; 98:994-998. [PMID: 15041587 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000104610.99716.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The precise mechanism of tourniquet-induced arterial blood pressure increase is unknown. We determined the effect of preoperative oral dextromethorphan (DM) on arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes during tourniquet inflation in knee cruciate ligament reconstruction patients under general anesthesia. Patients in the DM group (n = 38) received oral DM 30 mg, and patients in the control group (n = 38) received oral placebo 2 h before the induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane 2.0% and N(2)O in 33% oxygen, and the trachea was intubated until the end of surgery. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 0, 30, and 60 min after the start of tourniquet inflation. Systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate at 60 min in the control group were significantly more than those in the DM group (131.1 +/- 15.8 mm Hg versus 123.6 +/- 15.9 mm Hg [P < 0.05] and 74.1 +/- 11.3 bpm versus 67.8 +/- 8.5 bpm [P < 0.01], respectively). The percentage increase in systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the DM group was also attenuated when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, preoperative oral DM 30 mg significantly attenuated arterial blood pressure and heart rate increases during tourniquet inflation under general anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that preoperative oral dextromethorphan 30 mg significantly attenuated arterial blood pressure and heart rate increases at 60 min during tourniquet inflation in patients undergoing knee cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yamashita
- Departments of *Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine and ‡Orthopedics, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; and †Department of Anesthesia, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sawynok J, Reid A. Peripheral interactions between dextromethorphan, ketamine and amitriptyline on formalin-evoked behaviors and paw edema in rats. Pain 2003; 102:179-86. [PMID: 12620609 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The local, peripheral administration of antidepressants and excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists can cause analgesia in a number of conditions. The present study examined the effects of combinations of dextromethorphan and ketamine, two clinically used N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, with amitriptyline on formalin-evoked behaviors and paw edema. Pretreatment with amitriptyline or dextromethorphan (10-300 nmol) resulted in suppression of flinching behaviors induced by 2.5% formalin, but ketamine had no intrinsic effect. Combination of an inactive dose of dextromethorphan with amitriptyline, and vice versa, resulted in an increase of analgesia so that previously inactive doses now caused significant analgesia. Combinations of multiple doses of ketamine with amitriptyline did not modify the response to amitriptyline. Both dextromethorphan and ketamine increased the paw edema induced by formalin, and this was blocked by low doses of amitriptyline. In the absence of formalin, amitriptyline (1-100 nmol) caused a dose-related suppression of the paw edema produced by dextromethorphan and ketamine. Amitriptyline also blocked paw edema produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine and compound 48/80. Each of the drugs used in this study exerts multiple pharmacological effects. Increased analgesia by drug combinations (amitriptyline/dextromethorphan) could show the involvement of a number of these mechanisms (e.g. NMDA receptor blockade, blockage of sodium channels, blockage of biogenic amine receptors), while a lack of intensification (amitriptyline/ketamine) could reflect occluded actions due to expression of similar actions by the other drug. Paw edema induced by dextromethorphan and ketamine involves inhibition of biogenic amine reuptake, and the ability of amitriptyline to block biogenic amine receptors likely accounts for its inhibiton of these actions. Combinations of these particular agents could represent a method for augmented analgesia and minimization of local adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sawynok
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Halifax, Canada B3H 4H7.
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Hughes AM, Rhodes J, Fisher G, Sellers M, Growcott JW. Assessment of the effect of dextromethorphan and ketamine on the acute nociceptive threshold and wind-up of the second pain response in healthy male volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 53:604-12. [PMID: 12047485 PMCID: PMC1874339 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of dextromethorphan and ketamine relative to placebo on the acute nociceptive threshold and wind-up of second pain response in healthy male volunteers. METHODS The trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three period crossover, double dummy design in 12 healthy male volunteers. During each of the three periods (which were separated by a 1 week washout period) each volunteer received either a single oral dose of 0.7 mg kg(-1) dextromethorphan and placebo to ketamine, or placebo to dextromethorphan followed by a single intravenous injection of 0.375 mg kg(-1) ketamine, or placebo to both dextromethorphan and ketamine. The trial did not schedule administration of both ketamine and dextromethorphan together. Acute nociceptive thresholds and wind-up of second pain were measured in the skin of the thenar eminence of the ventral surfaces of the right and left hands, using a SOMEDIC thermotest apparatus, before and at the estimated tmax for dextromethorphan (i.e. 2.15 h). Blood pressure and heart rate were also monitored before dosing and after the dosing regimen. RESULTS Neither dextromethorphan nor ketamine had any significant effect on acute nociceptive thresholds on either hand (P>0.05). Moreover, dextromethorphan was without any significant effect (P>0.05) on the wind-up of the second pain response on either hand. The lsmean number of stimuli tolerated vs placebo (95% confidence intervals of the difference in number of stimuli in parentheses) were 15.84 vs 16.48 (-5.52, 4.24) and 11.75 vs 15.25 (-11.89, 4.90) for left- and right-hand, respectively, following dextromethorphan administration. In contrast ketamine produced significant reductions in wind-up to second pain in both the left and right hands (P=0.0002 and 0.0386, respectively). The lsmean numbers of stimuli tolerated vs placebo (95% confidence intervals of the difference in number of stimuli in parentheses) were 28.41 vs 16.48 (6.60, 17.25) and 25.00 vs 15.25 (0.58, 18.93) for left- and right-hand, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Wind-up of second pain induced by noxious heat is sensitive to intervention by ketamine, which is known to block the NMDA receptor. These data infer that the wind-up phenomenon evoked by noxious heat involves the activation of NMDA receptors. This volunteer model of pain may have utility in the evaluation of agents that modulate their antinociceptive actions via NMDA mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hughes
- Experimental Medicine, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK.
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