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Gempo N, Yeshi K, Jamtsho T, Jamtsho L, Samten, Wangchuk P. Development of quality control parameters for two Bhutanese medicinal plants ( Aster flaccidus Bunge and Aster diplostephioides (DC.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke) using traditional and modern pharmacognostical platforms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24969. [PMID: 38317921 PMCID: PMC10839999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bhutan's scholarly traditional medical system is called Bhutanese Sowa Rigpa medicine (BSM). It was integrated with the modern healthcare system in 1967. Over 200 medicinal plants are used to produce more than 100 poly-ingredient medicinal formulations. Although BSM is supported by well-documented principles, pharmacopoeias, diagnostic procedures, treatment regimens, and traditional quality assurance systems, modern quality control parameters have become essential to distinguish closely related species and prevent contamination from exogenous impurities. This study aims to establish reliable analytical methods and quality control parameters for Aster flaccidus Bunge and Aster diplostephioides (DC.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke used as ingredients in the BMS poly-ingredient medicinal formulations. Furthermore, their reported phytochemicals and biological activities are also discussed in this study. Standard pharmacognostic techniques, including macroscopical and microscopical examinations of crude drugs, were employed to establish the quality control parameters for two Aster species. The physicochemical limits were determined as per the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended guidelines and methods described in the Thai herbal pharmacopoeia. A high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) was used to develop a comparative chromatogram/phytochemical fingerprint for the crude extracts obtained from two Aster species. A literature review was conducted to record their isolated phytochemicals and biological activities. Two Aster species possess macro- and microscopic features such as colour, appearance, and shape. Physicochemical analysis of crude drugs from two Aster species including HPTLC fingerprinting of their methanol crude extracts also yielded adequate data to differentiate and confirm two Aster species before adding them to the BSM poly-ingredient medicinal formulations. From the literature review, only A. flaccidus was found to be studied for its phytochemical constituents, whereby 11 pure compounds were isolated from aerial parts and roots. The current study revealed distinct species-specific distinguishing features, including ecological adaptation, micromorphology, anatomy, physicochemical values, HPTLC chromatograms. These parameters can be used to authenticate the species identity and prevent adulterations, thereby improving the quality and safety of BSM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngawang Gempo
- National Organic Flagship Program Center, Department of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Karma Yeshi
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan (RUB), Kanglung, Trashigang, Bhutan
| | - Tenzin Jamtsho
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Yangchenphu High School, Department of School Education, Ministry of Education (MoE), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Lungten Jamtsho
- Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited (MSPCL), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Samten
- Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited (MSPCL), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited (MSPCL), Thimphu, Bhutan
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Li KJ, Liu YY, Wang D, Yan PZ, Lu DC, Zhao DS. Radix Asteris: Traditional Usage, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175388. [PMID: 36080154 PMCID: PMC9458035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Asteris (RA), also known as ‘Zi Wan’, is the dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f., which has been used to treat cough and asthma in many countries such as China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. This article summarizes the available information on RA in ancient Chinese medicine books and modern research literature: its botanical properties, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control. Studies have shown that RA extracts contain terpenes, triterpenoid saponins, organic acids, peptides and flavonoids, and have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and anti-depression. RA is considered to be a promising medicinal plant based on its traditional use, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. However, there are few studies on its toxicity and the consistency of its components, which indicates the need for further in-depth studies on the toxicity and quality control of RA and its extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Pei-Zheng Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - De-Chao Lu
- International Education College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-531-89628172
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Zhu Z, Song X, Jiang Y, Yao J, Jiang Y, Li Z, Dai F. Chemical structure and antioxidant activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Asteris Radix et Rhizoma. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Jahn L, Storm-Johannsen L, Seidler D, Noack J, Gao W, Schafhauser T, Wohlleben W, van Berkel WJH, Jacques P, Kar T, Piechulla B, Ludwig-Müller J. The Endophytic Fungus Cyanodermella asteris Influences Growth of the Nonnatural Host Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:49-63. [PMID: 34615362 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-21-0072-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanodermella asteris is a fungal endophyte from Aster tataricus, a perennial plant from the northern part of Asia. Here, we demonstrated an interaction of C. asteris with Arabidopsis thaliana, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed, tomato, maize, or sunflower resulting in different phenotypes such as shorter main roots, massive lateral root growth, higher leaf and root biomass, and increased anthocyanin levels. In a variety of cocultivation assays, it was shown that these altered phenotypes are caused by fungal CO2, volatile organic compounds, and soluble compounds, notably astins. Astins A, C, and G induced plant growth when they were individually included in the medium. In return, A. thaliana stimulates the fungal astin C production during cocultivation. Taken together, our results indicate a bilateral interaction between the fungus and the plant. A stress response in plants is induced by fungal metabolites while plant stress hormones induced astin C production of the fungus. Interestingly, our results not only show unidirectional influence of the fungus on the plant but also vice versa. The plant is able to influence growth and secondary metabolite production in the endophyte, even when both organisms do not live in close contact, suggesting the involvement of volatile compounds.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jahn
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Storm-Johannsen
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Seidler
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jasmin Noack
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Gao
- Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Schafhauser
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Jacques
- MiPI, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Tambi Kar
- Lipofabrik, Cité Scientifique, Bât. Polytech-Lille, Avenue Langevin 59 655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Science, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Jahn L, Hofmann U, Ludwig-Müller J. Indole-3-Acetic Acid Is Synthesized by the Endophyte Cyanodermella asteris via a Tryptophan-Dependent and -Independent Way and Mediates the Interaction with a Non-Host Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2651. [PMID: 33800748 PMCID: PMC7961953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the main signals playing a role in the communication between host and endophytes. Endophytes can synthesize IAA de novo to influence the IAA homeostasis in plants. Although much is known about IAA biosynthesis in microorganisms, there is still less known about the pathway by which IAA is synthesized in fungal endophytes. The aim of this study is to examine a possible IAA biosynthesis pathway in Cyanodermella asteris. In vitro cultures of C. asteris were incubated with the IAA precursors tryptophan (Trp) and indole, as well as possible intermediates, and they were additionally treated with IAA biosynthesis inhibitors (2-mercaptobenzimidazole and yucasin DF) to elucidate possible IAA biosynthesis pathways. It was shown that (a) C. asteris synthesized IAA without adding precursors; (b) indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAD) increased IAA biosynthesis; and (c) C. asteris synthesized IAA also by a Trp-independent pathway. Together with the genome information of C. asteris, the possible IAA biosynthesis pathways found can improve the understanding of IAA biosynthesis in fungal endophytes. The uptake of fungal IAA into Arabidopsis thaliana is necessary for the induction of lateral roots and other fungus-related growth phenotypes, since the application of the influx inhibitor 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) but not the efflux inhibitor N-1-naphtylphthalamic acid (NPA) were altering these parameters. In addition, the root phenotype of the mutation in an influx carrier, aux1, was partially rescued by C. asteris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.J.); (U.H.)
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Rho J, Seo CS, Park HS, Jeong HY, Moon OS, Seo YW, Son HY, Won YS, Kwun HJ. Asteris Radix et Rhizoma suppresses testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by regulating apoptosis and inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112779. [PMID: 32209388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asteris Radix et Rhizoma (AR) refers to the roots and rhizomes of Aster tataricus L., which is widely distributed throughout East Asia. AR has been consumed as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan and China for the treatment of urologic symptoms. To date, however, the therapeutic effect of AR on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of AR on a testosterone-induced BPH rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced BPH to rats by subcutaneous injections (s.c) of testosterone propionate (TP) daily for four weeks. Rats were also administered daily oral gavage of AR (150 mg/kg) or vehicle. After four weeks of induction, all animals were euthanized humanely and their prostate glands were removed, weighed and processed for further analysis, including histopathological examination, real-time PCR, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Administration of AR to TP-induced BPH rats considerably reduced prostate weight and concentrations of serum testosterone and prostate dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Epithelial thickness and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were markedly suppressed by AR-treatment in the rats. Furthermore, the expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were reduced and expression of the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) increased, resulting in significant reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In addition, AR decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were reduced by AR treatment in a TP-induced BPH rat model. CONCLUSIONS AR alleviates BPH by promoting apoptosis and suppressing inflammation, indicating that AR may be used clinically to treat BPH accompanied by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Rho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Research Infrastructure Team, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hee-Seon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Og-Sung Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Young-Won Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Hussain M, Debnath B, Qasim M, Bamisile BS, Islam W, Hameed MS, Wang L, Qiu D. Role of Saponins in Plant Defense Against Specialist Herbivores. Molecules 2019; 24:E2067. [PMID: 31151268 PMCID: PMC6600540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a very destructive crucifer-specialized pest that has resulted in significant crop losses worldwide. DBM is well attracted to glucosinolates (which act as fingerprints and essential for herbivores in host plant recognition) containing crucifers such as wintercress, Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) despite poor larval survival on it due to high-to-low concentration of saponins and generally to other plants in the genus Barbarea. B. vulgaris build up resistance against DBM and other herbivorous insects using glucosinulates which are used in plant defense. Aside glucosinolates, Barbarea genus also contains triterpenoid saponins, which are toxic to insects and act as feeding deterrents for plant specialist herbivores (such as DBM). Previous studies have found interesting relationship between the host plant and secondary metabolite contents, which indicate that attraction or resistance to specialist herbivore DBM, is due to higher concentrations of glucosinolates and saponins in younger leaves in contrast to the older leaves of Barbarea genus. As a response to this phenomenon, herbivores as DBM has developed a strategy of defense against these plant biochemicals. Because there is a lack of full knowledge in understanding bioactive molecules (such as saponins) role in plant defense against plant herbivores. Thus, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary plant metabolites in plant defense mechanisms against the specialist herbivores. In the future, trials by plant breeders could aim at transferring these bioactive molecules against herbivore to cash crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100058, China.
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Muhammad Salman Hameed
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
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Sulfated neo-clerodane diterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins from Sheareria nana S. Moore. Fitoterapia 2018; 124:12-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yin DF, Zhou K, Liu JT, Hu L, Liu Y, Deng J, Wang SP, Xiong Y, Zhong W. Development and validation of an LC/MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of shionone andepi-friedelinol in rat plasma for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration ofAster tataricusextract. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:1112-1117. [PMID: 26581126 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Ji-Tao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Song-Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou 646000 China
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Gupta RC, Singh V. Cytogenetic Variation among Populations of <i>Aster thomsonii</i> C. B. Clarke from District Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh (India). CYTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.80.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ludwig-Müller J, Jahn L, Lippert A, Püschel J, Walter A. Improvement of hairy root cultures and plants by changing biosynthetic pathways leading to pharmaceutical metabolites: strategies and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1168-79. [PMID: 24699436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of bioactive plant metabolites has been explored for pharmaceutical, food chemistry and agricultural applications. The chemical synthesis of these structures is often difficult, so plants are favorably used as producers. While whole plants can serve as a source for secondary metabolites and can be also improved by metabolic engineering, more often cell or organ cultures of relevant plant species are of interest. It should be noted that only in few cases the production for commercial application in such cultures has been achieved. Their genetic manipulation is sometimes faster and the production of a specific metabolite is more reliable, because of less environmental influences. In addition, upscaling in bioreactors is nowadays possible for many of these cultures, so some are already used in industry. There are approaches to alter the profile of metabolites not only by using plant genes, but also by using bacterial genes encoding modifying enzymes. Also, strategies to cope with unwanted or even toxic compounds are available. The need for metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite pathways is increasing with the rising demand for (novel) compounds with new bioactive properties. Here, we give some examples of recent developments for the metabolic engineering of plants and organ cultures, which can be used in the production of metabolites with interesting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Linda Jahn
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lippert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joachim Püschel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Walter
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Screening and analyzing potential hepatotoxic compounds in the ethanol extract of Asteris Radix by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MSn technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 67-68:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang T, Zhang H, Tian Y, Luo H, Yang S, Wang Y, Huang X. Inhibition of human gastric carcinoma cell growth in vitro by a polysaccharide from Aster tataricus. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:509-13. [PMID: 22728055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (WATP), with a molecular weight of 6.3 × 10⁴ Da, was isolated from Aster tataricus. According to gas chromatography (GC) analysis, WATP was composed of galactose, glucose, fucose, rhamnose, arabinose and mannose with molar ratios of 2.1:1.3:0.9:0.5:0.3:0.6. The effects of WATP on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were examined. MTT assay showed that WATP had a perfectly tumor growth inhibitory activity on SGC-7901 cells, but no cytotoxicity on SGC-7901 and primary human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells analyzed using LDH assay. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that WATP could significantly induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore using Rh123 and Fluo-3 as fluorescent probes, respectively, it was found that mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) of treatment groups was significantly lower than that in un-treatment group and the concentration of calcium in cells exposed to WATP for 24 h was increased in a dose dependent manner compared with unexposed group. These results suggest that WATP induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells through calcium- and ΔΨ(m)-dependent pathways, indicating that it is potentially useful as a natural anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, PR China
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14
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Pecchia P, Cammareri M, Malafronte N, Consiglio MF, Gualtieri MJ, Conicella C. Quinic Acids from Aster caucasicus and from Transgenic Callus Expressing a β-Amyrin Synthase§. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different classes of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins and quinic acid derivatives, are found in Aster spp. (Fam. Asteraceae). Several Aster compounds revealed biological as well as pharmacological activities. In this work, a phytochemical investigation of A. caucasicus evidenced the presence of quinic acid derivatives, as well as the absence of triterpene saponins. To combine in one species the production of different phytochemicals, including triterpenes, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of A. caucasicus was set up to introduce A. sedifolius β-amyrin synthase (AsOXA1)-encoding gene under the control of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The quali-quantitative analysis of transgenic calli with ectopic expression of AsOXA1 showed, in one sample, a negligible amount of triterpene saponins combined with higher amount of quinic acid derivatives as compared with the wild type callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pecchia
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Cammareri
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - M. Federica Consiglio
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Josefina Gualtieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Clara Conicella
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
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15
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Mohanta BC, Harigaya Y. Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2327-580. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Dias JDFG, Miguel OG, Miguel MD. Composition of essential oil and allelopathic activity of aromatic water of Aster lanceolatus Willd: (Asteraceae). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil obtained from flowers of Aster lanceolatus was submitted the CG-MS and presented as result thirteen substances with largest concentration; among them, the caryophyllene oxide with the larger one. The aromatic water obtained during the extraction process of this essential oil was forwarded to allelopathic test, and demonstrated to be capable to inhibit the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa.
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17
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Liu ZL, Liu YQ, Zhao L, Xu J, Tian X. The phenylpropanoids of Aster flaccidus. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:140-4. [PMID: 19686819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aster flaccidus bge has been used as traditional medicine in northwestern China. Two new phenylpropanoids (1-2) including one lignan: (7'R, 8S)-9'-lariciresinol-(alpha-methyl)-butanoate (1), 5,9-dimethoxyl-7-(alpha-methyl)-butanoxyl-phenyl-2E-propenol-(alpha-methyl)-butanoate (2) isolated from the chloroform extract of the root of Aster flaccidus bge were identified by means of extensive spectroscopic studies: 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRMS analysis. They have not obvious anti-HIV-1 therapeutic activity (TI=1.0-1.1) compared with AZT (TI=55,556) as the result of the determination of their in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity while compound 2 displays strong antitumor activity against BEL 7402 (human liver carcinoma) with cisplatin as a positive control and the effect increases with the measuring-time going on (24 h, IC(50): 106.67+/-8.47 microM - 72 h, IC(50): 50.51+/-6.11 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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18
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Ushijima M, Komoto N, Sugizono Y, Mizuno I, Sumihiro M, Ichikawa M, Hayama M, Kawahara N, Nakane T, Shirota O, Sekita S, Kuroyanagi M. Triterpene glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:308-14. [PMID: 18310941 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of the development of new designer foods using the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata, we found that hot-water extracts of C. lanceolata recovered decreased testosterone levels in the blood and accelerated the restoration of reproductive dysfunction induced by hyperthermic treatment in male mice. Thus we studied the constituents of the polar fraction of the roots of C. lanceolata and identified six new triterpene saponins, lancemasides B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6), and G (7), along with the known saponin lancemasaide A (1) and phenylpropanoid glycosides 8-10. The structures of the new compounds 2-7 were determined by means of spectral data including 2D-NMR studies and chemical reactions to be oleanan-type bisdesmoside with sugars at C-3 and C-28. Compounds 2-6 have echinocystic acid as an aglycone, and compound 7 has asterogenic acid as an aglycone. Identification of the sugars and determination of their D,L-chiralities were carried out by application of the exciton chirality method to the per-O-p-bromobenzoylmethyl sugar derived from saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Healthcare Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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19
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Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H. Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:275-97. [PMID: 17141815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a structurally diverse class of compounds occurring in many plant species, which are characterized by a skeleton derived of the 30-carbon precursor oxidosqualene to which glycosyl residues are attached. Traditionally, they are subdivided into triterpenoid and steroid glycosides, or into triterpenoid, spirostanol, and furostanol saponins. In this study, the structures of saponins are reviewed and classified based on their carbon skeletons, the formation of which follows the main pathways for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and steroids. In this way, 11 main classes of saponins were distinguished: dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and steroids. The dammaranes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, ursanes, and steroids are further divided into 16 subclasses, because their carbon skeletons are subjected to fragmentation, homologation, and degradation reactions. With this systematic classification, the relationship between the type of skeleton and the plant origin was investigated. Up to five main classes of skeletons could exist within one plant order, but the distribution of skeletons in the plant kingdom did not seem to be order- or subclass-specific. The oleanane skeleton was the most common skeleton and is present in most orders of the plant kingdom. For oleanane type saponins, the kind of substituents (e.g. -OH, =O, monosaccharide residues, etc.) and their position of attachment to the skeleton were reviewed. Carbohydrate chains of 18 monosaccharide residues can be attached to the oleanane skeleton, most commonly at the C3 and/or C17 atom. The kind and positions of the substituents did not seem to be plant order-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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da Silva TC, Paula da Silva A, Akisue G, Luis Avanzo J, Kazumi Nagamine M, Fukumasu H, Matsuzaki P, César Raspantini P, Haraguchi M, Lima Górniak S, Dagli MLZ. Inhibitory effects of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model. Cancer Lett 2004; 226:107-13. [PMID: 16039950 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have been demonstrating Pfaffia paniculata root (Brazilian ginseng) anticarcinogenic activities. We evaluated its chemopreventive effects on preneoplastic hepatic lesions. BALB/c aged-15 days received 10mug/g of diethylnitrosamine carcinogen, i.p. They were fed with the powdered root added to the diet: 0.5, 2 or 10% during 27 weeks. After being sacrificed, the macroscopic lesions in the livers were examined. Preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions were measured, quantified and classified morphologically. The treatment reduced the incidence, mean area and number of lesions, indicating an inhibitory effect of these roots on hepatocarcinogenesis promotion or progression steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Cammareri M, Errico A, Sebastiano A, Conicella C. Genetic relationships among Aster species by multivariate analysis and AFLP markers. Hereditas 2004; 140:193-200. [PMID: 15198709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2004.01777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen species of Aster were characterized for morphological traits of commercial interest, chromosome number and genetic diversity by AFLP markers to exploit this material not only for breeding purposes but also as source of pharmaceuticals. The variation observed among the Aster species for five morphological traits was summarized by means of discriminant analysis. Three significant canonical variables, accounting for about 96% of total variance, were mainly correlated with capitulum diameter, number of ligulae and leaf length. The morphological variation appeared related to ploidy level of the species. A diploid chromosome number ranging from 10 to 18 was evident in seven species whereas the other species are polyploids with variable chromosome numbers up to 52. The pollen production and stainability were quite variable among Aster species. Furthermore, seven species produced big pollen grains besides normally-sized ones, at a frequency ranging from 1 to 12%, possibly due to 2n pollen production. The possibility that evolution of Aster genus could be driven by 2n gametes and sexual polyploidization is discussed. Implications of 2n gametes for Aster breeding are also mentioned. AFLP analysis of the fourteen Aster species based on six primer combinations revealed a total number of 421 polymorphic amplified DNA fragments. The genetic similarities estimated between the Aster species, based on both shared and unique amplification products ranged from 0.335 to 0.604 across all species and revealed a geographically based clustering within the genus. The highest similarity was detected between A. alpinus and A. amellus with Eurasian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cammareri
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division: Portici, Portici, Italy
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