1
|
Xu Y, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lv F, Sun P, Gao S, Wang Q, Yu C, Jiang J, Li C, Song M, Gao Z, Sui C, Li H, Jin Y, Guo X, Wei J. A chromosome-level genome assembly for Dracaena cochinchinensis reveals the molecular basis of its longevity and formation of dragon's blood. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100456. [PMID: 36196059 PMCID: PMC9700203 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dracaena, a remarkably long-lived and slowly maturing species of plant, is world famous for its ability to produce dragon's blood, a precious traditional medicine used by different cultures since ancient times. However, there is no detailed and high-quality genome available for this species at present; thus, the molecular mechanisms that underlie its important traits are largely unknown. These factors seriously limit the protection and regeneration of this rare and endangered plant resource. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Dracaena cochinchinensis at the chromosome level. The D. cochinchinensis genome covers 1.21 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 50.06 Mb and encodes 31 619 predicted protein-coding genes. Analysis showed that D. cochinchinensis has undergone two whole-genome duplications and two bursts of long terminal repeat insertions. The expansion of two gene classes, cis-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase and small auxin upregulated RNA, were found to account for its longevity and slow growth. Two transcription factors (bHLH and MYB) were found to be core regulators of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and reactive oxygen species were identified as the specific signaling molecules responsible for the injury-induced formation of dragon's blood. Our study provides high-quality genomic information relating to D. cochinchinensis and significant insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for its longevity and formation of dragon's blood. These findings will facilitate resource protection and sustainable utilization of Dracaena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaijian Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonglian Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feifei Lv
- Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Peiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shixi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cuicui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuangjun Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun Sui
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Zhao X, Yao R, Li C, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wei JH. Dragon's Blood from Dracaena Worldwide: Species, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1315-1367. [PMID: 34247562 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's blood (DB) refers mainly to the crimson resin of many Dracaena spp. DB has been used by different traditional medicine systems worldwide, including Arabic medicine, African medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Thai medicine, etc. DB are mainly used to heal wounds, kill pain, stop bleeding, and cure various diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and ulcers for over 1000 years. 11 Dracaena spp. and 3 subspecies are reported to be able to produce red resin. However, the resources are extremely deficient. Several Dracaena spp. are in threatened status. Over 300 compounds have been isolated from Dracaena spp., mainly including flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics. DB exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antithrombotic, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, which explain its wound healing effects, preventive effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, dual-directional regulation of blood flow, neuroprotection and radioprotective effects. No apparent side effects or toxicity have been reported. DB are restricted from being exploited due to limited resources and unclear resin formation mechanism. It is necessary to expand the cultivation of Dracaena spp. and fully understand the mechanism underlying the resin formation process to develop an effective induction method for the sustainable utilization of DB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering, Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood, Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| | - Ruyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering, Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chuangjun Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglian Zhang
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering, Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering, Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood, Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thu ZM, Oo SM, Nwe TM, Aung HT, Armijos C, Hussain FHS, Vidari G. Structures and Bioactivities of Steroidal Saponins Isolated from the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria. Molecules 2021; 26:1916. [PMID: 33805482 PMCID: PMC8037284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Dracaena and Sansevieria, that are well-known for different uses in traditional medicines and as indoor ornamental plants with air purifying property, are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In fact, a wide variety of phytochemical constituents have been isolated so far from about seventeen species. This paper has reviewed the literature of about 180 steroidal saponins, isolated from Dracaena and Sansevieria species, as a basis for further studies. Saponins are among the most characteristic metabolites isolated from the two genera. They show a great variety in structural motifs and a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative effects and, in most case, remarkable cytotoxic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Min Thu
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar; (S.M.O.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Sann Myint Oo
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar; (S.M.O.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Thinn Myat Nwe
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar; (S.M.O.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Hnin Thanda Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 100103, Myanmar;
| | - Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Faiq H. S. Hussain
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
This article is a broad review focused on dragon trees—one of the most famous groups of trees in the world, well known from ancient times. These tertiary relicts are severely endangered in most of the area where they grow. The characteristic features of the dragon tree group are described and the species belonging to this group are listed. This review gathers together current knowledge regarding the taxonomy, evolution, anatomy and morphology, physiology, and ontogeny of arborescent dragon tree species. Attention is also paid to the composition, harvesting, medicinal, and ethnobotanical use of the resin (dragons’ blood). An evaluation of population structure, distribution, ecology, threats, and nature conservation forms the final part of the review. In the conclusions we recommend further avenues of research that will be needed to effectively protect all dragon tree species.
Collapse
|
5
|
Luna M, Zarzuela R, Mosquera MJ, Gil MA, Cubillana-Aguilera LM, Delgado-Jaén JJ, Palacios-Santander JM, García-Moreno V, Carmona-Jimenez Y. Biosynthesis of uniform ultra-small gold nanoparticles by aged Dracaena Draco L extracts. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Rezgui A, Mitaine-Offer AC, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Spirostane-type Saponins from Dracaena fragrans « Yellow Coast ». Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three steroidal glycosides were isolated from the bark of Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. « Yellow Coast », and a fourth from the roots and the leaves. Their structures were characterized on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry, and by comparison with NMR data of the literature. These saponins have the spirostane-type skeleton and are reported in this species for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmalek Rezgui
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang L, Wang Z, Wu H, Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y. Steroidal glycosides from the underground parts of Dracaena thalioides and their cytotoxic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:102-110. [PMID: 25152452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six spirostanol glycosides (1-6) and 12 known compounds (7-18) were isolated from the underground parts of Dracaena thalioides (Agavaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and chemical transformations. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human leukemia cells. Compounds 1, 3-6, and 8-18 showed cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells, of which 10, a bisdesmosidic spirostanol derivative, showed potent cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 0.38μM and induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China; Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Akihito Yokosuka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stefano VD, Pitonzo R, Schillaci D. Phytochemical and anti-staphylococcal biofilm assessment of Dracaena draco L. Spp. draco resin. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S434-40. [PMID: 24991124 PMCID: PMC4078336 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dracaena draco L. ssp. draco is known as the “dragon's blood tree” and it is endemic from the Canary Islands and Morocco. Objective: Carry out phytochemical investigation of acetonic extracts of red resin obtained from the trunk of D. draco, to obtain to the isolation of the most abundant resin constituents, belonging to the class of flavonoids: flavans, along with homoisoflavans and homoisoflavanones. Materials and Methods: The structures of the isolated compounds were established by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry data and comparison with literature data. The acetonic extract was evaluated for its anti-staphylococcal properties against two reference strains. Results: The acetonic extracts resulted inactive at the maximum tested concentration of 1000 μg/ml against free living forms of tested staphylococci, but they showed a very interesting activity in the prevention of a biofilm formation at a concentration equal to 200 μg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 25923.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Di Stefano
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - R Pitonzo
- Centro Grandi Apparecchiature UniNetLab, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - D Schillaci
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yokosuka A, Sekiguchi A, Mimaki Y. Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of Dracaena thalioides. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new furostanol bisdesmosides (1 and 2) and seven known compounds (3-9) were isolated from the leaves of Dracaena thalioides (Agavaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Compound 5, a glyceroglycolipid-related compound assigned as (2 S)-1- O-linoleoyl-3- O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol, was found to induce apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 25.8 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Yokosuka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rezgui A, Mitaine-Offer AC, Pertuit D, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Delemasure S, Dutartre P, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Steroidal Saponins from Dracaena marginata. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new steroidal saponins and ten known ones were isolated from the bark of Dracaena marginata, along with two known steroidal saponins from the roots. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry as (25R)-26-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)- 3β,22α-dihydroxyfurost-5-en-1β-yl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→-4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (25R)-26-(β-D-glucopyrano- syloxy)-3β,22α-dihydroxyfurost-5-en-1β-yl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→-2)-4-O-sulfo-α-L-arabinopyranoside (2), and (25 S)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl O- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-sulfo-α-L-arabinopyranoside (3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmalek Rezgui
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - David Pertuit
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Patrick Dutartre
- Cohiro, UFR Médecine, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267, FDE / UFC, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 7, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aslam J, Mujib A, Sharma MP. In vitro micropropagation of Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast: An important indoor ornamental plant. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:63-8. [PMID: 23961221 PMCID: PMC3730903 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol has been developed for in vitro plant regeneration from a nodal explant of Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast. Nodal explant showed high callus induction potentiality on MS medium supplemented with 6.78 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) followed by 46.5 μM chlorophenoxy acetic acid (CPA). The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (85%) and number of shoots per explant (5.6) were obtained on medium supplemented with 7.84 μM N(6)-benzylaminopurine (BA). Rooting was high on MS solid compared to liquid medium when added with 7.38 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Fifty percent of the roots were also directly rooted as microcuttings on soil rite, sand and peat mixture (1:1:1). In vitro and ex vitro raised plantlets were used for acclimatization. More than 90% of the plantlets was successfully acclimatized and established in plastic pots. Ex vitro transferred plantlets were normal without any phenotypic aberrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Aslam
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Abdul Mujib
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Maheshwar Prasad Sharma
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Valente MJ, de Pinho PG, Henrique R, Pereira JA, Carvalho M. Further insights into chemical characterization through GC–MS and evaluation for anticancer potential of Dracaena draco leaf and fruit extracts. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3847-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Silva BM, Santos RP, Mendes LS, de Pinho PG, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira JA, Carvalho M. Dracaena draco L. fruit: Phytochemical and antioxidant activity assessment. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Forsman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santos RP, Mendes LS, Silva BM, Pinho PGD, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira JA, Carvalho M. Phytochemical profiles and inhibitory effect on free radical-induced human erythrocyte damage of Dracaena draco leaf: A potential novel antioxidant agent. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
16
|
Perrone A, Muzashvili T, Napolitano A, Skhirtladze A, Kemertelidze E, Pizza C, Piacente S. Steroidal glycosides from the leaves of Ruscus colchicus: isolation and structural elucidation based on a preliminary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:2078-2088. [PMID: 19772977 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC-ESIMS(n) method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray positive ionisation multistage ion trap mass spectrometry, has been used as an effective tool to rapidly identify and guide the isolation of target saponins from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Ruscus colchicus Y. Yeo. Twenty-two steroidal glycosides, including seventeen furostanol, four spirostanol and one cholestane glycosides, were online identified. Subsequently, compounds were isolated and their structures were established by the extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. The structures identified by MS were fully consistent with those elucidated by NMR data. Sixteen steroidal glycosides, including thirteen furostanol, two spirostanol and one cholestane glycosides, were identified along with four known furostanol and two spirostanol glycosides. The saponin profile shows that the furostanol glycosides are the main constituents of R. colchicus extract, unlike the other Ruscus species, for which the spirostanol derivatives generally are reported as the major compounds. Moreover, for the first time a cholestane glycoside has been isolated from R. colchicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- N P Sahu
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mskhiladze L, Legault J, Lavoie S, Mshvildadze V, Kuchukhidze J, Elias R, Pichette A. Cytotoxic steroidal saponins from the flowers of Allium leucanthum. Molecules 2008; 13:2925-34. [PMID: 19037184 PMCID: PMC6245281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium leucanthum C. Koch is an endemic Caucasian species that grows in Georgia. The flowers are used in traditional medicine. Phytochemical investigation allowed the isolation of seven spirostanol type saponins from the flowers. Their structures were elucidated on the base of NMR and HRESIMS spectrometry data. A new compound, which we have named leucospiroside A (5), has been identified as (25R)-5alpha-spirostane-2alpha,3beta,6beta-triol 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside. The six others were known substances, but are described in this plant for the first time. The crude extract, spirostanol and furostanol fractions, as well as isolated compounds, were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity. Compounds 1-3 and 5 were found to be the most active, with relatively similar IC50 values ranging from 3.7 to 5.8 microM for a lung cancer cell line (A549) and 5.6 to 8.2 microM for a colon cancer cell line (DLD-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasha Mskhiladze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Departement of Pharmacognosy, 33, Vazha Pshavela Ave., Tbilisi, 0177, Georgia; E-mail: (L. M.)
| | - Jean Legault
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boul. de l’Université, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada; E-mails : (J. L.), (S. L.), (V. M.)
| | - Serge Lavoie
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boul. de l’Université, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada; E-mails : (J. L.), (S. L.), (V. M.)
| | - Vakhtang Mshvildadze
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boul. de l’Université, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada; E-mails : (J. L.), (S. L.), (V. M.)
| | - Jumber Kuchukhidze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Departement of Pharmacognosy, 33, Vazha Pshavela Ave., Tbilisi, 0177, Georgia; E-mail: (L. M.)
| | - Riad Elias
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée; 27 Boul. Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, cedex 5, France; E-mail : (R. E.)
| | - André Pichette
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boul. de l’Université, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada; E-mails : (J. L.), (S. L.), (V. M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mimaki Y, Watanabe K. Clintoniosides A - C, New Polyhydroxylated Spirostanol Glycosides from the Rhizomes ofClintonia udensis. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Tapondjou LA, Ponou KB, Teponno RB, Mbiantcha M, Djoukeng JD, Nguelefack TB, Watcho P, Cadenas AG, Park HJ. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of a new steroidal saponin, mannioside A, and its derivatives isolated from Dracaena mannii. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:653-8. [PMID: 18481024 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new steroidal saponin, mannioside A (1), was isolated from the stem bark of Dracaena mannii, together with the known pennogenin (2), pennogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were determined using 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 3 significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat; compound 4 was moderately active whereas 2 showed very weak activity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gupta D, Bleakley B, Gupta RK. Dragon's blood: botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:361-380. [PMID: 18060708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's blood is one of the renowned traditional medicines used in different cultures of world. It has got several therapeutic uses: haemostatic, antidiarrhetic, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiviral, wound healing, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. Besides these medicinal applications, it is used as a coloring material, varnish and also has got applications in folk magic. These red saps and resins are derived from a number of disparate taxa. Despite its wide uses, little research has been done to know about its true source, quality control and clinical applications. In this review, we have tried to overview different sources of Dragon's blood, its source wise chemical constituents and therapeutic uses. As well as, a little attempt has been done to review the techniques used for its quality control and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Gupta
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, K. Gate, Delhi 110006, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu Y, Zhang P, Yu H, Li J, Wang MW, Zhao W. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and thrombin inhibitory components from Chinese dragon's blood, Dracaena cochinchinensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1570-7. [PMID: 17883259 DOI: 10.1021/np070260v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical studies on the constituents of Dracaena cochinchinensis led to the discovery of eight new flavonoid derivatives ( 1- 8) along with 14 known compounds ( 9- 22). The identification and structural elucidation of these isolates were based on spectral analyses. All isolates were tested for antibacterial activities against Helicobacter pylori (ATCC43504) and thrombin inhibitory effects. As a result, new flavonoid derivatives 6 and 7 and (2 S)-4',7-dihydroxy-8-methylflavan ( 11) were found to be most efficacious against H. pylori (ATCC43504) with MIC values of 29.5, 29.5, and 31.3 microM, respectively, and the seven new flavonoid derivatives ( 1- 7) and one known biflavonoid ( 9) were observed to exhibit moderate thrombin inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cira LA, González GA, Torres JC, Pelayo C, Gutiérrez M, Ramírez J. Heterologous expression of Fusarium oxysporum tomatinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases its resistance to saponins and improves ethanol production during the fermentation of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul and Agave salmiana must. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2007; 93:259-66. [PMID: 17896184 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-007-9200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the effect of the heterologous expression of tomatinase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene FoTom1 under the control of the S. cerevisiae phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) promoter was cloned into pYES2. S. cerevisiae strain Y45 was transformed with this vector and URA3 transformant strains were selected for resistance to alpha-tomatine. Two transformants were randomly selected for further study (designated Y45-1 and Y45-2). Control strain Y45 was inhibited at 50 muM alpha-tomatine, in contrast, transformants Y45-1 and Y45-2 did not show inhibition at 200 muM. Tomatinase activity was detected by HPLC monitoring tomatine disappearance and tomatidine appearance in the supernatants of culture medium. Maximum tomatinase activity was observed in the transformants after 6 h, remaining constant during the following 24 h. No tomatinase activity was detected in the parental strain. Moreover, the transformants were able to grow and produce ethanol in a mix of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul and Agave salmiana must, contrary to the Y45 strain which was unable to grow and ferment under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Cira
- Centro de Investigación y Asistenta Tecnológica del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Unidad de Biotecnología, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hernández JC, León F, Estévez F, Quintana J, Bermejo J. A homo-isoflavonoid and a cytotoxic saponin from Dracaena draco. Chem Biodivers 2007; 3:62-8. [PMID: 17193217 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, dracol (= (3R)-2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one; 1) and icodeside (= (1beta,3beta,23S,24S)-3,23-dihydroxy-1-{[2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oxy}spirosta-5,25(27)-dien-24-yl alpha-L-arabinopyranoside; 2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the leaves of Dracaena draco, together with 17 known constituents. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by in-depth spectroscopic analysis, and those of the known compounds were identified by comparison of their NMR and MS data with those reported in the literature. Icodeside (2) showed moderate cytotoxicity against human HL-60 and A-431 cells (Table 3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H. Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:275-97. [PMID: 17141815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a structurally diverse class of compounds occurring in many plant species, which are characterized by a skeleton derived of the 30-carbon precursor oxidosqualene to which glycosyl residues are attached. Traditionally, they are subdivided into triterpenoid and steroid glycosides, or into triterpenoid, spirostanol, and furostanol saponins. In this study, the structures of saponins are reviewed and classified based on their carbon skeletons, the formation of which follows the main pathways for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and steroids. In this way, 11 main classes of saponins were distinguished: dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and steroids. The dammaranes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, ursanes, and steroids are further divided into 16 subclasses, because their carbon skeletons are subjected to fragmentation, homologation, and degradation reactions. With this systematic classification, the relationship between the type of skeleton and the plant origin was investigated. Up to five main classes of skeletons could exist within one plant order, but the distribution of skeletons in the plant kingdom did not seem to be order- or subclass-specific. The oleanane skeleton was the most common skeleton and is present in most orders of the plant kingdom. For oleanane type saponins, the kind of substituents (e.g. -OH, =O, monosaccharide residues, etc.) and their position of attachment to the skeleton were reviewed. Carbohydrate chains of 18 monosaccharide residues can be attached to the oleanane skeleton, most commonly at the C3 and/or C17 atom. The kind and positions of the substituents did not seem to be plant order-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Three new spirostanol glycosides (1-3) and a new furostanol glycoside (4), together with two known spirostanol glycosides (5 and 6) were isolated from the whole plants of Agave utahensis (Agavaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and the results of hydrolytic cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Yokosuka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Plants belonging to the family Agavaceae are used in folkloric medicinal practices worldwide and chemical investigations of these plants have shown that they are an abundant source of steroidal saponins and sapogenins. Despite the large number of secondary metabolites isolated from this family so far, there have been few reports on the bioactivity of these compounds. This article provides a comprehensive review of the steroidal constituents of plants from the genera Agave, Cordyline, Dracaena, Furcraea, Nolina, Sansevieria and Yucca up to June 2006, and reports on the bioactivity of these compounds where available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Simmons-Boyce
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Winston F. Tinto
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lacaille-Dubois MA. Bioactive saponins with cancer related and immunomodulatory activity: Recent developments. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:219-43. [PMID: 15325725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Sparg
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hernández JC, León F, Quintana J, Estévez F, Bermejo J. Icogenin, a new cytotoxic steroidal saponin isolated from Dracaena draco. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4423-9. [PMID: 15265493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the cytotoxic effect induced by a new natural steroidal saponin, icogenin, on the myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60. Icogenin was found to be a cytotoxic compound IC(50) 2.6+/-0.9microM at 72h, with growth inhibition caused by the induction of apoptosis, as determined by microscopy of nuclear changes and the fragmentation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
González AG, Hernández JC, León F, Padrón JI, Estévez F, Quintana J, Bermejo J. Steroidal saponins from the bark of Dracaena draco and their cytotoxic activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:793-798. [PMID: 12828464 DOI: 10.1021/np020517j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From the stem bark of Dracaena draco, three new compounds, namely, draconins A-C (1-3), were isolated, along with 17 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds isolated were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Several of the isolated compounds showed potent cytotoxic activities measured on the human leukemia cell line HL-60 (IC(50)'s from 2.0 to 9.7 microM at 72 h). The mechanism by which compounds 1 and 2 display their cytostatic properties is through induction of cell death by apoptosis, as evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G González
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, Avenida Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Renault S, De Lucca AJ, Boue S, Bland JM, Vigo CB, Selitrennikoff CP. CAY-1, a novel antifungal compound from cayenne pepper. Med Mycol 2003; 41:75-81. [PMID: 12627807 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.41.1.75.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CAY-1, a novel saponin from Capsicum frutescens (commercially known as cayenne pepper) was investigated to determine its in vitro antifungal activity, mechanism of action and mammalian cell cytotoxicity. CAY-1 was active against 16 different fungal strains, including Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 4 to 16 microg ml(-1)], and was especially active against Cryptococcus neoformans (90% inhibition at 1 microg ml(-1)). Synergistic activity was also observed between CAY-1 and amphotericin B against Candida albicans and A. fumigatus. No significant cytotoxicity was demonstrated when CAY-1 was tested against 55 mammalian cell lines at up to 100 microg ml(-1). Importantly, CAY-1 appears to act by disrupting the membrane integrity of fungal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Renault
- MycoLogics, Inc., Aurora, Colorado 80010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This article describes the most commonly used procedures and recent laboratory methodologies using gas and liquid chromatography developed for separation and quantitation of non-saponifiable steroidal lipids from clinical (human) studies, edible fats and oils or fatty foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Volin
- Caloniuksenk. 10 C 47, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mimaki Y, Yokosuka A, Kuroda M, Sashida Y. Cytotoxic activities and structure-cytotoxic relationships of steroidal saponins. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1286-9. [PMID: 11725965 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have systematically examined the cytotoxic activities of the steroidal saponins mainly isolated from the Liliaceae plants against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and found several structure-activity relationships. Some steroidal saponins evaluated in the assay system showed considerable cytotoxic activities, which were almost as potent as that of etoposide used as a positive control. The activities were found to be sensitive to the monosaccharides constituting the sugar moieties and their sequences, as well as to the structures of the aglycons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Mimaki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Science, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tran QL, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Tran QK, Saiki I, Kadota S. New spirostanol steroids and steroidal saponins from roots and rhizomes of Dracaena angustifolia and their antiproliferative activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:1127-1132. [PMID: 11575942 DOI: 10.1021/np0100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The MeOH extract of Nam ginseng (roots and rhizomes of Dracaena angustifolia) afforded nine new compounds, including three spirostanol sapogenins, named namogenins A-C (1-3), four spirostanol saponins, named namonins A-D (4-7), a furostanol saponin, named namonin E (8), and a pregnan glycoside, named namonin F (9), along with another eight known steroidal saponins (10-17). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analyses and chemical methods. All compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity against murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma, human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, and B-16 BL6 melanoma cells. Compounds 4, 5, and 10 showed potent antiproliferative activity against HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells, having IC(50) values of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.6 microM, respectively, comparable to that of doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q L Tran
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y. Steroidal saponins from Dracaena surculosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1239-1243. [PMID: 11000027 DOI: 10.1021/np000145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Dracaena surculosa resulted in the isolation of nine steroidal saponins, including three new bisdesmosidic spirostanol saponins, named surculosides A (1), B (2), and C (3), and a new bisdesmosidic furostanol saponin (4), which are based on (25S)-spirost-5-ene-1beta, 3beta-diol [(25S)-ruscogenin] as the aglycon. The structures of 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Yokosuka
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|