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Laws TS, Mei H, Terlier T, Verduzco R, Stein GE. Tailoring the Wettability and Substrate Adherence of Thin Polymer Films with Surface-Segregating Bottlebrush Copolymer Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7201-7211. [PMID: 37172215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed "reactive" bottlebrush polymers based on styrene (S) and t-butyl acrylate (tBA) as additives for polystyrene (PS) coatings. The bottlebrush polymers spontaneously bloom to both the air and substrate interfaces during solution casting. While neat PS films are hydrophobic and poorly adhere to the native oxide on clean silicon wafers, the hydrophilicity and substrate adherence of bottlebrush-incorporating PS films can be tailored through the thermally activated deprotection of tBA to produce acrylic acid (AA) and acrylic anhydride (AH). A critical design parameter is the manner by which tBA is incorporated into the bottlebrush: When the bottlebrush side chains are copolymers of S and tBA, the extent of deprotection is extremely low, even after prolonged thermal annealing at elevated temperature. However, when the bottlebrush contains a mixture of poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and PS side chains, nearly all tBA is converted to AA and AH. Consequently, using the "mixed-chain" bottlebrush design with thermal processing and appropriate conditioning, the water contact angle is reduced from over 90° on unmodified PS down to 75° on bottlebrush-incorporating PS films, and the substrate adherence is improved in proportion to the extent of tBA deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Laboratory, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Gila E Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Bhatt B, Gupta S, Sharma M, Khare K. Dewetting of non-polar thin lubricating films underneath polar liquid drops on slippery surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:530-537. [PMID: 34509731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The stability of thin lubricating fluid-coated slippery surfaces depends on the surface energy of the underlying solid surface. High energy solid surfaces coated with thin lubricating oil lead to the dewetting of the oil films upon depositing aqueous drops on them. Hence such surfaces are very suitable to investigate dewetting of thick films (thickness > 500 nm), which otherwise is not possible using a conventional dewetting system. EXPERIMENTS Lubricating films of different thicknesses are coated on hydrophilic solid surfaces, and glycerol drops are deposited on them. Fluorescence imaging of lubricating films and macroscopic wetting behavior of glycerol drops are analyzed to understand the dewetting phenomenon. FINDINGS Underneath lubricating films undergo initial thinning and subsequently dewet. The dewetting dynamics during hole nucleation and growth and the final pattern of the dewetted oil droplets depend strongly on the thickness of the lubricating films. Ultrathin films dewet spontaneously via homogeneous nucleation, whereas thicker films dewet via heterogeneous nucleation. During dewetting, the apparent contact angle and radius of glycerol drops follow universal scaling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Bhatt
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Meenaxi Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Krishnacharya Khare
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
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Tawade BV, Apata IE, Singh M, Das P, Pradhan N, Al-Enizi AM, Karim A, Raghavan D. Recent developments in the synthesis of chemically modified nanomaterials for use in dielectric and electronics applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:142004. [PMID: 33260170 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcf6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) have attracted enormous scientific and technological interest due to their applications in energy storage, electronics, biosensing, drug delivery, cosmetics and packaging industry. Nanomaterials (platelet, fibers, spheroids, whiskers, rods) dispersed in different types of polymer matrices constitute such PNC. The degree of dispersion of the inorganic nanomaterials in the polymer matrix, as well as the structured arrangement of the nanomaterials, are some of the key factors influencing the overall performance of the nanocomposite. To this end, the surface functionalization of the nanomaterials determines its state of dispersion within the polymer matrix. For energy storage and electronics, these nanomaterials are usually chosen for their dielectric properties for enhancing the performance of device applications. Although several reviews on surface modification of nanomaterials have been reported, a review on the surface functionalization of nanomaterials as it pertains to polymer dielectrics is currently lacking. This review summarizes the recent developments in the surface modification of important metal oxide dielectric nanomaterials including Silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) by chemical agents such as silanes, phosphonic acids, and dopamine. We report the impact of chemical modification of the nanomaterial on the dielectric performance (dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and energy density) of the nanocomposite. Aside from bringing novice and experts up to speed in the area of polymer dielectric nanocomposites, this review will serve as an intellectual resource in the selection of appropriate chemical agents for functionalizing nanomaterials for use in specific polymer matrix so as to potentially tune the final performance of nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhausaheb V Tawade
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ikeoluwa E Apata
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Das
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS-39217, United States of America
| | - Nihar Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS-39217, United States of America
| | | | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Dharmaraj Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC, United States of America
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Castel A, Gutfreund P, Cabane B, Rharbi Y. Stability of Fluid Ultrathin Polymer Films in Contact with Solvent-Loaded Gels for Cultural Heritage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12607-12619. [PMID: 33044083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal of ultrathin amorphous polymer films in contact with an aqueous gelled solution containing small amounts of good solvent is addressed by means of specular and off-specular neutron reflectometry. The distribution of heavy water and benzyl alcohol is revealed inside Laropal A81, often employed as a protective varnish layer for Culture Heritage in the restoration of easel paintings. The swelling kinetics, interface roughness, and film morphologies were recorded as a function of temperature and increasing benzyl alcohol concentration in the dispersion of Pemulen TR-2, a hydrophobically modified acrylic acid copolymer. The addition of small amounts of good solvent results in the appearance of water-filled cavities inside the varnish, which grow with time. It is shown that while increasing the solvent concentration greatly enhances the hole growth kinetics, an increase in temperature above the glass transition temperature does not have such a big effect on the kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Castel
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France
- Laboratoire de Rhéologie et Procédés, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Philipp Gutfreund
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Yahya Rharbi
- Laboratoire de Rhéologie et Procédés, Grenoble 38000, France
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Polyamide 6 (PA6) /polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blends with gradient and encapsulation structure developed by injection molding. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mukherjee R, Sharma A. Instability, self-organization and pattern formation in thin soft films. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8717-8740. [PMID: 26412507 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The free surface of a thin soft polymer film is often found to become unstable and self-organizes into various meso-scale structures. In this article we classify the instability of a thin polymer film into three broad categories, which are: category 1: instability of an ultra-thin (<100 nm) viscous film engendered by amplification of thermally excited surface capillary waves due to interfacial dispersive van der Waals forces; category 2: instability arising from the attractive inter-surface interactions between the free surface of a soft film exhibiting room temperature elasticity and another rigid surface in its contact proximity; and category 3: instability caused by an externally applied field such as an electric field or a thermal gradient, observed in both viscous and elastic films. We review the salient features of each instability class and highlight how characteristic length scales, feature morphologies, evolution pathways, etc. depend on initial properties such as film thickness, visco-elasticity (rheology), residual stress, and film preparation conditions. We emphasize various possible strategies for aligning and ordering of the otherwise isotropic structures by combining the essential concepts of bottom-up and top-down approaches. A perspective, including a possible future direction of research, novelty and limitations of the methods, particularly in comparison to the existing patterning techniques, is also presented for each setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721 302, India.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Nano-science Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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Roy S, Bhandaru N, Das R, Harikrishnan G, Mukherjee R. Thermally tailored gradient topography surface on elastomeric thin films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6579-88. [PMID: 24697617 DOI: 10.1021/am500163s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple method for creating a nanopatterned surface with continuous variation in feature height on an elastomeric thin film. The technique is based on imprinting the surface of a film of thermo-curable elastomer (Sylgard 184), which has continuous variation in cross-linking density introduced by means of differential heating. This results in variation of viscoelasticity across the length of the surface and the film exhibits differential partial relaxation after imprinting with a flexible stamp and subjecting it to an externally applied stress for a transient duration. An intrinsic perfect negative replica of the stamp pattern is initially created over the entire film surface as long as the external force remains active. After the external force is withdrawn, there is partial relaxation of the applied stresses, which is manifested as reduction in amplitude of the imprinted features. Due to the spatial viscoelasticity gradient, the extent of stress relaxation induced feature height reduction varies across the length of the film (L), resulting in a surface with a gradient topography with progressively varying feature heights (hF). The steepness of the gradient can be controlled by varying the temperature gradient as well as the duration of precuring of the film prior to imprinting. The method has also been utilized for fabricating wettability gradient surfaces using a high aspect ratio biomimetic stamp. The use of a flexible stamp allows the technique to be extended for creating a gradient topography on nonplanar surfaces as well. We also show that the gradient surfaces with regular structures can be used in combinatorial studies related to pattern directed dewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Roy
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, India
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Wang T, Handschuh-Wang S, Yang Y, Zhuang H, Schlemper C, Wesner D, Schönherr H, Zhang W, Jiang X. Controlled surface chemistry of diamond/β-SiC composite films for preferential protein adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1089-99. [PMID: 24410163 DOI: 10.1021/la404277p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diamond and SiC both process extraordinary biocompatible, electronic, and chemical properties. A combination of diamond and SiC may lead to highly stable materials, e.g., for implants or biosensors with excellent sensing properties. Here we report on the controllable surface chemistry of diamond/β-SiC composite films and its effect on protein adsorption. For systematic and high-throughput investigations, novel diamond/β-SiC composite films with gradient composition have been synthesized using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the diamond/β-SiC ratio of the composite films shows a continuous change from pure diamond to β-SiC over a length of ∼ 10 mm on the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was employed to unveil the surface termination of chemically oxidized and hydrogen treated surfaces. The surface chemistry of the composite films was found to depend on diamond/β-SiC ratio and the surface treatment. As observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, albumin and fibrinogen were preferentially adsorbed from buffer: after surface oxidation, the proteins preferred to adsorb on diamond rather than on β-SiC, resulting in an increasing amount of proteins adsorbed to the gradient surfaces with increasing diamond/β-SiC ratio. By contrast, for hydrogen-treated surfaces, the proteins preferentially adsorbed on β-SiC, leading to a decreasing amount of albumin adsorbed on the gradient surfaces with increasing diamond/β-SiC ratio. The mechanism of preferential protein adsorption is discussed by considering the hydrogen bonding of the water self-association network to OH-terminated surfaces and the change of the polar surface energy component, which was determined according to the van Oss method. These results suggest that the diamond/β-SiC gradient film can be a promising material for biomedical applications which require good biocompatibility and selective adsorption of proteins and cells to direct cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Paul-Bonatz-Straße 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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Lin WC, Yu CH, Triffo S, Groves JT. Supported Membrane Formation, Characterization, Functionalization, and Patterning for Application in Biological Science and Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2:235-69. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- Research Center of Excellence in Mechanobiology; National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Sara Triffo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California
| | - Jay T. Groves
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California
- Research Center of Excellence in Mechanobiology; National University of Singapore Singapore
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California
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Peters A, Brey DM, Burdick JA. High-Throughput and Combinatorial Technologies for Tissue Engineering Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 15:225-39. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Peters
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Darren M. Brey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abul Kashem MM, Perlich J, Schulz L, Roth SV, Petry W, Müller-Buschbaum P. Maghemite Nanoparticles on Supported Diblock Copolymer Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Abul Kashem
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Perlich
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Schulz
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. V. Roth
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Petry
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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Julthongpiput D, Zhang W, Douglas JF, Karim A, Fasolka MJ. Pattern-directed to isotropic dewetting transition in polymer films on micropatterned surfaces with differential surface energy contrast. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:613-618. [PMID: 32900025 DOI: 10.1039/b608630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemical patterns can both cause and direct dewetting in overlying thin polymer films. In this paper we focus on a key factor in this phenomenon, the magnitude of the surface energy difference between surface pattern domains (Δ). To probe the influence of Δ on film dewetting, we utilize novel combinatorial test patterns exhibiting a gradient in Δ. Specifically, our test patterns consist of a series of micron-scale striped regions that continuously change in their surface energy () relative to background striped regions having a fixed and calibrated . Using polystyrene (PS) films as a demonstration case, we employ these test patterns to quantify the morphology and kinetics of dewetting as Δ diminishes. Our study indicates a transition from pattern-directed to isotropic PS dewetting at critical Δ values. For Δ > 14 mJ m, ordered droplet arrays are formed, while for Δ < 7 mJ m, the dewetting is isotropic. A competition between these limiting behaviors is found for a "crossover regime", 7 mJ m < Δ < 14 mJ m. These combinatorial test patterns provide a powerful approach for investigating the large number of parameters that govern the stability of ultrathin polymer films, and the physical factors that influence the dewetted film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Polymers Division, NIST, Gaithersburg MD 20899, USA.
| | | | - Alamgir Karim
- Polymers Division, NIST, Gaithersburg MD 20899, USA.
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Liu H, Xu J, Li Y, Li B, Ma J, Zhang X. Fabrication and Characterization of an Organic-Inorganic Gradient Surface made by Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ). Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Müller‐Buschbaum P, Hermsdorf N, Gutmann JS, Stamm M, Cunis S, Gehrke R, Petry W. Dewetting of Confined Diblock Copolymer Films. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120027749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Müller‐Buschbaum
- a TU München, Physik‐Department , LS E13, James‐Franck‐Str. 1, 85747 , Garching , Germany
| | - N. Hermsdorf
- b Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Dresden , Germany
| | - J. S. Gutmann
- c Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung , Mainz , Germany
| | - M. Stamm
- b Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Dresden , Germany
| | - S. Cunis
- d Hasylab at Desy , Hamburg , Germany
| | - R. Gehrke
- d Hasylab at Desy , Hamburg , Germany
| | - W. Petry
- a TU München, Physik‐Department , LS E13, James‐Franck‐Str. 1, 85747 , Garching , Germany
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Meier MAR, Schubert US. Selected successful approaches in combinatorial materials research. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:371-376. [PMID: 32680250 DOI: 10.1039/b518304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial materials research (CMR) is still a relatively young field of research. Nevertheless, it already provides successful strategies for a fast and accurate evaluation of a large variety of different research problems. Some of these approaches in CMR considering polymeric materials will be discussed and highlighted within this contribution by focussing on three prominent literature examples: structure-property relationships in biomaterials research, material properties evaluation utilizing thin film polymer libraries as well as the parallel and automated study of polymer based reversed unimolecular micelles and their application possibilities. These examples are meant to demonstrate the almost unlimited possibilities of combinatorial approaches in polymer science rather than to provide an extended overview of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Julthongpiput D, Fasolka MJ, Zhang W, Nguyen T, Amis EJ. Gradient chemical micro patterns: a reference substrate for surface nanometrology. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1535-40. [PMID: 16089484 DOI: 10.1021/nl050612n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present fabrication routes for a new type of surface specimen that exhibits a micro pattern with a gradient in chemical contrast between the pattern domains. Design elements in the specimen allow chemical contrast in the micro pattern to be related to well-established surface characterization data, such as contact angle measurements. These gradient specimens represent a reference tool for calibrating image contrast in chemically sensitive scanning probe microscopy techniques and a platform for the high-throughput analysis of polymer thin film behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangrut Julthongpiput
- Polymers Division and Materials and Construction Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Lu X, Zhang J, Zhang C, Han Y. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Surface With a Wettability Gradient by Tuning its Microstructures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Johnson PM, Reynolds TB, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. High throughput kinetic analysis of photopolymer conversion using composition and exposure time gradients. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhu J, Zhao J, Liao Y, Jiang W. Multiscale dewetting of triblock copolymer thin film induced by solvent vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sormana JL, Meredith JC. High-Throughput Discovery of Structure−Mechanical Property Relationships for Segmented Poly(urethane−urea)s. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035385v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe-Lahai Sormana
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30032-0100
| | - J. Carson Meredith
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30032-0100
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