1
|
Taghizadeh SF, Azizi M, Asili J, Madarshahi FS, Rakhshandeh H, Fujii Y. Therapeutic peptides of Mucuna pruriens L.: Anti-genotoxic molecules against human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2908-2914. [PMID: 34136158 PMCID: PMC8194742 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To assist the development of new therapeutic strategies for several disorders, biologically active peptides/proteins obtained from plant sources can be considered. Current study expected to determine the biological activities of peptide fractions of Mucuna pruriens against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2/ADM, HepG2, SMMC-7721, and QGY-7703), as well as normal cell line to prove their selectivity. Moreover, anti-genotoxicity and antiviral activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were assessed. The methods of this study were to isolate the peptides of M. pruriens and hydrolysate fractionation via fractionated pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates by ultrafiltration/high-performance ultrafiltration cell, identify anti-hepatoma activity of peptide fractions human liver cancer and normal cells by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, determine anti-HCV, and assess anti-genotoxic effect of peptide fractions against damage that induced via alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate in human mononuclear cells. The results showed that the fraction 5-10 kDa has been reported to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and QGY-7703. It was proven that both of 5-10 and >10 kDa fractions are active against HCV. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 5-10 kDa against the cell line was 703.04 ± 5.21 µg/ml. Anti-genotoxic activities of the peptide fractions were evaluated as mean values for the analyzed comet images. In this regard, the highest activity of protecting DNA damages was observed by the peptide fraction of 5-10 kDa. This study revealed the potential ability of peptide fractions of M. pruriens for the treatment of liver cancer, HCV, and high activities of protecting DNA damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Horticultural ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical sciencesMashhadIran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Madarshahi
- Department of Horticultural ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIslamic Azad University of ShirvanShirvanIran
| | - Hasan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural SciencesTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JE, Jeong YJ, Kim HY, Yoo YH, Lee KS, Yang WT, Kim DH, Kim JM. Hepatic Steatosis Alleviated in Diabetic Mice upon Dietary Exposure to Fibroin via Transgenic Rice: Potential STAMP2 Involvement in Hepatocytes. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:231-239. [PMID: 33110955 PMCID: PMC7576964 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many benefits of silk protein fibroin (SPF) have been suggested in biomedical
applications; and notably, significant SPF effects have been observed for
metabolic syndromes that are directly linked to insulin resistance, such as type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on our previous findings, we believe that SPF
from spiders exhibits outstanding glucose-lowering effects in diabetic
BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice. In order to evaluate the
dietary effects of SPF in diabetic animals, we generated several lines of
transgenic rice (TR) that expresses SPF, and the feeding of TR-SPF to diabetic
animals decreased blood glucose levels, but did not change insulin levels.
Western blot analyses of hepatic proteins showed that AMP-activated protein
kinase (AMPK) expression and phosphorylation both decreased in TR-SPF-fed
groups, compared with controls. This finding suggests that the glucose-lowering
effects in this diabetic animal model might be AMPK-independent. In contrast,
six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) was upregulated after TR-SPF
exposure. Together with STAMP2, the Akt protein phosphorylation increased after
TR-SPF exposure, which indicates that STAMP2 leads to Akt phosphorylation and
thus increases insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. Importantly, the hepatic
steatosis that was seen in the liver of diabetic mice was remarkably alleviated
in TR-SPF-fed mice. Hepatocytes that were immunopositive for STAMP2 were
overwhelmingly observed in hepatic tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice compared to the
control. Taken together, these results suggest that feeding diabetic mice with
TR-SPF upregulates STAMP2 expression and increases Akt phosphorylation in
hepatic tissues and thus potentially alleviates insulin resistance and hepatic
steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Jeong
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Won Tae Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spider Silk Fibroin Protein Heterologously Produced in Rice Seeds Reduce Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia in Mice. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101282. [PMID: 32998453 PMCID: PMC7650732 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin proteins are biomaterials with diverse applications. These spider and silkworm proteins have specific biological effects when consumed by mammals; in addition to reducing blood pressure and blood glucose and cholesterol levels, they have anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. In the present study, rice (Oryza sativa) was engineered to produce the C-terminus of the major ampullate spidroin protein from the spider Araneus ventricosus under the control of a Prolamin promoter. Homozygous transgenic rice lines were identified, and the therapeutic effect of this spider silk fibroin protein on the lipid and glucose metabolism was analyzed in a mouse model. Feeding fat-fed mice, the transgenic rice seeds for four weeks reduced serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lowered blood glucose levels. This is the first study to investigate the effects of consumption of rice seeds heterologously expressing spider silk fibroin protein in a mammalian model. Our findings suggest that functional foods containing spider silk fibroin protein might be useful as potential pharmaceutical materials for preventing and treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Madden PW, Klyubin I, Ahearne MJ. Silk fibroin safety in the eye: a review that highlights a concern. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000510. [PMID: 33024827 PMCID: PMC7513638 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical use of silk as a suture dates back to antiquity. Fibroin is the structural element that determines the strength of silk and here we consider the safety of fibroin in its role in ophthalmology. The high mechanical strength of silk meant sufficiently thin threads could be made for eye microsurgery, but such usage was all but superseded by synthetic polymer sutures, primarily because silk in its entirety was more inflammatory. Significant immunological response can normally be avoided by careful manufacturing to provide high purity fibroin, and it has been utilised in this form for tissue engineering an array of fibre and film substrata deployed in research with cells of the eye. Films of fibroin can also be made transparent, which is a required property in the visual pathway. Transparent layers of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells have all been demonstrated with maintenance of phenotype, as have constructs supporting retinal cells. Fibroin has a lack of demonstrable infectious agent transfer, an ability to be sterilised and prepared with minimal contamination, long-term predictable degradation and low direct cytotoxicity. However, there remains a known ability to be involved in amyloid formation and potential amyloidosis which, without further examination, is enough to currently question whether fibroin should be employed in the eye given its innervation into the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Madden
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark J Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silk Fibroin Promotes the Regeneration of Pancreatic β-Cells in the C57BL/KsJ- Leprdb/db Mouse. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143259. [PMID: 32708887 PMCID: PMC7397053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, and its progression leads to serious complications. Although various novel therapeutic approaches for diabetes mellitus have developed in the last three decades, its prevalence has been rising more rapidly worldwide. Silk-related materials have been used as anti-diabetic remedies in Oriental medicine and many studies have shown the effects of silk fibroin (SF) in both in vitro and in vivo models. In our previous works, we reported that hydrolyzed SF improved the survival of HIT-T15 cells under high glucose conditions and ameliorated diabetic dyslipidemia in a mouse model. However, we could not provide a precise molecular mechanism. To further evaluate the functions of hydrolyzed SF on the pancreatic β-cell, we investigated the effects of hydrolyzed SF on the pancreatic β-cell proliferation and regeneration in the mouse model. Hydrolyzed SF induced the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and reduced the apoptotic cell population in the pancreatic islets. Hydrolyzed SF treatment not only induced the expression of transcription factors involved in the pancreatic β-cell regeneration in RT-PCR results but also increased neurogenin3 and Neuro D protein levels in the pancreas of those in the group treated with hydrolyzed SF. In line with this, hydrolyzed SF treatment generated insulin mRNA expressing small cell colonies in the pancreas. Therefore, our results suggest that the administration of hydrolyzed SF increases the pancreatic β-cell proliferation and regeneration in C57BL/KsJ-Leprdb/db mice.
Collapse
|
6
|
Park JE, Jeong YJ, Park JB, Kim HY, Yoo YH, Lee KS, Yang WT, Kim DH, Kim JM. Dietary Exposure to Transgenic Rice Expressing the Spider Silk Protein Fibroin Reduces Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Mice: The Potential Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Phosphorylation in Adipocytes. Dev Reprod 2019; 23:223-229. [PMID: 31660449 PMCID: PMC6812974 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). T2DM is correlated with obesity and most T2DM medications have been developed for enhancing insulin sensitivity. Silk protein fibroin (SPF) from spiders has been suggested as an attractive biomaterial for medical purposes. We generated transgenic rice (TR) expressing SPF and fed it to diabetic BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice to monitor the changes in blood glucose levels and adipose tissue proteins associated with energy metabolism and insulin signaling. In the present study, the adipocyte size in abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice was remarkably smaller than that of the control. Whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated protein kinase and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein levels were increased in abdominal adipose tissues after TR-SPF feeding, levels of six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) proteins decreased. Phosphorylation of AMPK at threonine 172 and IRS1 at serine 307 and tyrosine 632 were both increased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice. Increased expression and phosphorylation of IRS1 at both serine 307 and tyrosine 632 in adipose tissues indicated that adipocytes obtained from abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice were more susceptible to insulin signaling than that of the control. STAMP2 protein levels decreased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice, indicating that STAMP2 proteins were reducing adipocytes that were undergoing lipolysis. Taken together, this study showed that TR-SPF was effective in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and that concurrent lipolysis in abdominal adipocytes was associated with alterations of AMPK, IRS1, and STAMP2. Increased IRS1 expression and its phosphorylation by TR-SFP were considered to be particularly important in the induction of lipolysis in adipocytes, as well as in reducing blood glucose levels in this animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Jeong
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Joon Beom Park
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Won Tae Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Application of Food-Grade Proteolytic Enzyme for the Hydrolysis of Regenerated Silk Fibroin from Bombyx mori. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1285823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro biodegradation of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) was studied using food-grade proteolytic enzymes to replace acid hydrolysis. Based on the residual protein quantity and yield of amino acids (AAs) after enzymatic hydrolysis, we evaluated the proteolytic enzyme process of SF. FoodPro and Alcalase that are classified as alkaline proteases are selected as two of the best candidate enzymes for hydrolysis of SF. The activity of these enzymes exhibits a broad range of pH (6.5 to 9.0) and temperature (50°C to 65°C). The single enzyme treatment of SF using FoodPro exhibited a hydrolytic efficiency of 20–25%, and >2 g/L AAs were released after reaction for 3 h. A 2-stage enzymatic treatment using a combination of FoodPro and Flavourzyme in a sequence for a reaction time of 6 h was developed to enhance the efficiency of the proteolytic process. The yield of AAs and residual protein quantity in the enzymatic hydrolysates obtained from FoodPro-treated regenerated SF in the 1st step was 2,040 ± 23.7 mg/L and 70.6%, respectively. The yield of AAs was > two-fold (4,519 ± 42.1 mg/L), whereas the residual protein quantity decreased to 55.1% after the Flavourzyme treatment (2nd step) compared to those of the single FoodPro treatment. In the mixed treatment by simultaneously using FoodPro and Flavourzyme, approximately 45% of SF was degraded and 4.5 g/L of AAs were released within 3 h of reaction time. The regenerated SF and its enzymatic hydrolysates were characterized by performing UV-visible spectra, gel electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography analyses. In the 2-stage treatment using FoodPro initially and subsequently Flavourzyme, the aggregates and high molecular weight proteins of SF were dissociated and degraded into the low molecular weight proteins/peptides (10–15 kDa and 27 kDa). SF hydrolysates as functional food might be enzymatically produced using the commercial food-grade proteolytic enzymes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nan X, Huang Y, Shao J, Yan H, Wu M, Yao Y. Co-initiating function of silk peptide in free radical photopolymerization. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Nan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Yi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Huiqiong Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karp JR, Hamerski F, Silva VR. Supported silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane blends: Structure, properties, and ethanol dehydration by pervaporation. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel R. Karp
- Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Fabiane Hamerski
- Chemical Engineering Department; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Vitor R. Silva
- Chemical Engineering Department; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hajfathalian M, Ghelichi S, García-Moreno PJ, Moltke Sørensen AD, Jacobsen C. Peptides: Production, bioactivity, functionality, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3097-3129. [PMID: 29020461 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1352564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of peptides with various effects from proteins of different sources continues to receive academic attention. Researchers of different disciplines are putting increasing efforts to produce bioactive and functional peptides from different sources such as plants, animals, and food industry by-products. The aim of this review is to introduce production methods of hydrolysates and peptides and provide a comprehensive overview of their bioactivity in terms of their effects on immune, cardiovascular, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. Moreover, functional and antioxidant properties of hydrolysates and isolated peptides are reviewed. Finally, industrial and commercial applications of bioactive peptides including their use in nutrition and production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hajfathalian
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sakhi Ghelichi
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark.,b Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Science , Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Pedro J García-Moreno
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ann-Dorit Moltke Sørensen
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim KO, Lee Y, Hwang JW, Kim H, Kim SM, Chang SW, Lee HS, Choi YS. Wound healing properties of a 3-D scaffold comprising soluble silkworm gland hydrolysate and human collagen. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:318-26. [PMID: 24503353 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials that serve as scaffolds for cell proliferation and differentiation are increasingly being used in wound repair. In this study, the potential regenerative properties of a 3-D scaffold containing soluble silkworm gland hydrolysate (SSGH) and human collagen were evaluated. The scaffold was generated by solid-liquid phase separation and a freeze-drying method using a homogeneous aqueous solution. The porosity, swelling behavior, protein release, cytotoxicity, and antioxidative properties of scaffolds containing various ratios of SSGH and collagen were evaluated. SSGH/collagen scaffolds had a high porosity of 61-81% and swelling behavior studies demonstrated a 50-75% increase in swelling, along with complete protein release in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline. Cytocompatibility of the SSGH/collagen scaffold was demonstrated using mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord. Furthermore, SSGH/collagen efficiently attenuated oxidative stress-induced cell damage. In an in vivo mouse model of wound healing, the SSGH/collagen scaffold accelerated wound re-epithelialization over a 15-day period. Overall, the microporous SSGH/collagen 3-D scaffold maintained optimal hydration of the exposed tissues and decreased wound healing time. These results contribute to the generation of advanced wound healing materials and may have future therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Oh Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Hwang
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui Sam Lee
- Sericultural & Apicultural Materials Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
In vivo hypotensive and physiological effects of a silk fibroin hydrolysate on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1987-9. [PMID: 23047112 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A silk fibroin hydrolysate (SFH) exhibited a pronounced in vivo blood pressure-lowering effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) accompanied with decreases in the plasma angiotensin II, endothelin (ET), TNF-α and NO concentrations. We also observed a markedly decreased LPO level, a parameter of oxidative tissue damage, in the medium- and high-dose SFH-treated groups which was accompanied by an increased SOD level in erythrocytes. Our data suggest ACE inhibition together with an improved antioxidative status as the underlying antihypertensive mechanism for the silk fibroin hydrolysate. Since SFH could markedly lower the blood pressure and improve several physiological parameters involved in the occurrence of hypertension, it could be used as a possible supplement against cardiovascular diseases and as a functional food ingredient.
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang Z, Zhang G. Identification and secondary structure analysis of a keratin-like fibrous protein discovered in ligament of the bivalve Siliqua radiata. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:1227-32. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Xu J, Tang T, Zhang K, Ai S, Du H. Electroenzymatic catalyzed oxidation of bisphenol-A using HRP immobilized on magnetic silk fibroin nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Park JH, Nam Y, Park SY, Kim JK, Choe NH, Lee JY, Oh YS, Suh JG. Silk fibroin has a protective effect against high glucose induced apoptosis in HIT-T15 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 25:238-43. [PMID: 21812074 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High glucose levels induce cell death in many cell types, including pancreatic β-cells. Although protective agents against glucotoxicity have been searched for extensively, so far none have been found. In this report, we tested silk fibroin (SF) as a candidate material for antiglucotoxicity in the pancreatic β-cell (HIT-T15 cell) line. Approximately 50% of cells were killed after treatment with 80 mg/mL glucose. This reduction of cell number was recovered by the addition of SF at 50 mg/mL. SF treatment also decreased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity. In addition, TUNEL assays demonstrated that SF protects against glucose-induced apoptosis of HIT-T15 cells, suggesting that SF might protect cells from cell death by lowering cellular ROS levels. SF also induced expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene, and IGF-1 expression may be the cause of SF-induced protection against glucose toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that SF could serve as a potential therapeutic agent to treat the hyperglycemia-induced death of pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong Park
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang G, Li G, Chen H, He Y, Yao Q, Chen K. Proteomic analysis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes having a higher cell proliferation rate after treatment with low-molecular-weight silk fibroin peptides. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:515-27. [PMID: 20887557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have reported that fibroin peptides can be used in a new strategy for development of anti-diabetic peptide drugs. In this study, we separated silk fibroin hydrolysates (SFH) containing silk fibroin peptides into four components according to their molecular weight and tested the effects of these together with three synthetic silk fibroin hexapeptides GAGAGS, GAGAGY, GAGAGA on cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate protein expression profiles of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and those treated with SFH component Fraction I and the synthetic silk fibroin hexapeptide GAGAGS to be able to elucidate difference in protein expression between the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and those treated with fibroin peptides Fraction I and GAGAGS. MATERIALS AND METHODS SFH was separated by dialysis. MTT assays were performed to test effects of SFH components and synthetic silk fibroin hexapeptides on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation. We generated proteome maps using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analysed them by peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS GAGAGS and peptide mixtures, Fraction I and Fraction II, had significant effect in promoting 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation. In the proteomic analysis, 73 protein spots were successfully identified, including 15 which were differentially expressed. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that some silk fibroin peptides of low molecular weight SFH and hexapeptide GAGAGS affected 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou F, Xue Z, Wang J. Antihypertensive effects of silk fibroin hydrolysate by alcalase and purification of an ACE inhibitory dipeptide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6735-6740. [PMID: 20481470 DOI: 10.1021/jf101101r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin, which is normally discarded as an industrial byproduct in clothing plants, was hydrolyzed with alcalase. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the silk fibroin hydrolysates (SFH) were investigated, and the hydrolysate with hydrolysis degree of 17% exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity. At the tested 600 mg/kg.d and 1200 mg/kg x d doses, SFH significantly lowered blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after chronic oral administration. SFH was further purified using consecutive chromatographic methods on Sephadex G-15 column and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on an octadecylsilane column. After its purity was confirmed by analytical RP-HPLC and capillary electrophoresis, one ACE inhibitory dipeptide was isolated, and its molecular mass and amino acid sequence were determined as 238.2 Da and Gly-Tyr, respectively, by LC-ESI/MS. The results of this study suggest that silk fibroin byproducts have the possibility to become an effective source for ACE inhibitory peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jeong J, Hur W. Even-numbered peptides from a papain hydrolysate of silk fibroin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:836-40. [PMID: 20176517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A protease with broad substrate specificity usually produces a complex peptide mixture. However, even-numbered peptides were obtained at high proportion upon papain hydrolysis of fibroin composed of highly repetitive Ala- and Gly-rich blocks. MALDI-TOF and ESI mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the even-numbered peptides were in the forms of di-, tetra-, hexa-, and octa-peptides with repeating units in combination of Ala-Gly, Ser-Gly, Tyr-Gly, and Val-Gly. Application of tandem mass spectrometry identified the sequences of the tetra-peptides to be in the order of Ala-Gly-X-Gly (X = Tyr or Val). Therefore, the substrate specificity of papain and the unique repetitive sequence of fibroin generated the hydrolysate composed of even number of amino acids at a high percentage. In this work, fibroin hydrolysate was investigated as an example of an end product of protein hydrolysis, which provides a clue to understand the fate of peptides in a protein hydrolysate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Jeong
- The Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Enzymatic degradation of fibroin fiber by a fibroinolytic enzyme of Brevibacillus thermoruber YAS-1. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:211-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Kim ED, Bayaraa T, Shin EJ, Hyun CK. Fibroin-derived peptides stimulate glucose transport in normal and insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:427-33. [PMID: 19252290 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroin, the protein of silk, and hydrolyzed fibroin have recently been described to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Here, we report that a series of synthetic peptides derived from the fibroin sequence have enhancing effects on glucose transport in normal and insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 cells. We observed that, among several enzymatic hydrolysates of fibroin, the chymotryptic and peptic hydrolysates were significantly more effective than others in augmenting insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both cells. We synthesized several peptides of repetitive sequences in fibroin. Treatment with synthesized hexapeptides enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake more than tri-, tetra- or pentapeptides. Among those, the effect of Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Tyr (GAGAGY) was most robust, and especially its activity of blocking off the chronic-insulin-induced loss of insulin-stimulated uptake was remarkable. Data reveal that the residues of tyrosine situated at the ends of the peptides play a critical role for exerting their activities. We demonstrate that the insulin-sensitizing effect of GAGAGY is due to enhancement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signaling pathway. The GAGAGY-induced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was sensitive to inhibition of PI 3-K by wortmannin. Phosphorylation of Akt was also elevated in GAGAGY-treated cells. Furthermore, GAGAGY significantly increased insulin-induced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation without affecting the synthesis of GLUT4. Our findings suggest that fibroin-derived peptides such as GAGAGY could be considered as novel insulin-sensitizing agents with an activity of blocking the development of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Do Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
CHENG FY, LIU YT, WAN TC, LIN LC, SAKATA R. The development of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor derived from chicken bone protein. Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Hyun CK, Kim IY, Frost SC. Soluble fibroin enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr 2004; 134:3257-63. [PMID: 15570022 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.12.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, features of insulin resistance. In vivo treatment of ob/ob mice with hydrolyzed fibroin reverses these pathological attributes. To explore the mechanism underlying this effect, we used the murine, 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, which has been used extensively to model adipocyte function. Chronic exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to insulin leads to a 50% loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Chronic exposure to different preparations of fibroin partially blocked the response to insulin but also increased the sensitivity of control cells to the acute action of insulin. The latter effect was most robust at physiologic concentrations of insulin. Fibroin did not prevent the insulin-induced downregulation of the insulin receptor or the tyrosine kinase activity associated with the receptor. Further, fibroin had no effect on the activity of the insulin-sensitive downstream kinase, Akt. Interestingly, fibroin accelerated glucose metabolism and glycogen turnover independent of insulin action. In addition, fibroin upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)1, which increased its expression at the cell surface and enhanced GLUT4 translocation. Together, these phenomena may underlie the improvement in diabetic hyperglycemia noted in vivo in response to fibroin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Bioscience and Food Technology, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|