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Wang X, Xue Y, Li Y, Liu F, Yan Y, Zhang H, Jin Q. Effects of Isatis root polysaccharide in mice infected with H3N2 swine influenza virus. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:91-98. [PMID: 29890386 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isatis root polysaccharide (IRPS) has gained attention in the field of virology. However, very few studies have evaluated the effects of IRPS on H3N2 swine influenza virus (SIV). The antiviral activities of IRPS against SIV were investigated in vitro through three different modes and in vivo in an experimental mouse model of SIV infection. Mice were treated by oral gavage with various doses of IRPS before being experimentally infected with SIV A/swine/Henan/2010(H3N2). The antiviral effects of IRPS were evaluated by clinical signs, weight, histopathology, cytokine levels in lung homogenates and serum nitric oxide (NO) and IgG levels at 2, 5 and 9 d post-infection. IRPS demonstrated an inhibitory effect on SIV in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Additionally, IRPS significantly improved symptoms, reduced pathological changes and enhanced serum levels of NO and IgG in SIV-infected mice. Furthermore, detection of cytokines in lung homogenates showed IRPS could alter cytokine production to improve immune responses and systemic ability to repair inflammation. Moreover, IRPS extenuated the pulmonary inflammatory response. The results show that various concentrations of IRPS exert antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. In an experimental mouse model of SIV infection, IRPS at a dose of 75 mg/kg was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yang Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanhua Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Immunomodulatory effect of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides in intestinal epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:570-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li X, Hou R, Yue C, Liu J, Gao Z, Chen J, Lu Y, Wang D, Liu C, Hu Y. The Selenylation Modification of Epimedium Polysaccharide and Isatis Root Polysaccharide and the Immune-enhancing Activity Comparison of Their Modifiers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:224-34. [PMID: 26432450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epimedium polysaccharide (EPS) and isatis root polysaccharide (IRPS) were extracted, purified, and selenizingly modified by nitric acid-sodium selenite method to obtain nine selenizing EPSs (sEPSs), sEPS1-sEPS9 and nine selenizing IRPSs (sIRPSs), sIRPS1-sIRPS9, respectively. Their effects on chicken peripheral lymphocyte proliferation in vitro were compared by MTT assay. The results showed that selenium polysaccharides at appropriate concentration could promote lymphocyte proliferation more significantly than unmodified polysaccharides, sEPS5 and sIRPS5 with stronger actions were picked out and injected into the chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine in vivo tests. The peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody titer were determined. The results showed that sEPS5 and sIRPS5 could elevate serum antibody titer and promote lymphocyte proliferation more significantly than unmodified polysaccharides, sEPS5 possessed the strongest efficacy. These results indicate that selenylation modification can significantly enhance the immune-enhancing activity of EPS and IRPS, and sEPS5 can be as a new-type immunopotentiator of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
- Department of Agriculture, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, People' s Republic of China
| | - Ranran Hou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
| | - Chanjuan Yue
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People' s Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People' s Republic of China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People' s Republic of China.
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Lipopolysaccharide modifications of a cholera vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicles reduce endotoxicity and reveal the major protective antigen. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2379-93. [PMID: 23630951 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01382-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of the life-threatening gastrointestinal infectious disease cholera is the Gram-negative, facultative human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. We recently started to investigate the potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from V. cholerae as an alternative approach for a vaccine candidate against cholera and successfully demonstrated the induction of a long-lasting, high-titer, protective immune response upon immunization with OMVs using the mouse model. In this study, we present immunization data using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-modified OMVs derived from V. cholerae, which allowed us to improve and identify the major protective antigen of the vaccine candidate. Our results indicate that reduction of endotoxicity can be achieved without diminishing the immunogenic potential of the vaccine candidate by genetic modification of lipid A. Although the protective potential of anti-LPS antibodies has been suggested many times, this is the first comprehensive study that uses defined LPS mutants to characterize the LPS-directed immune response of a cholera vaccine candidate in more detail. Our results pinpoint the O antigen to be the essential immunogenic structure and provide a protective mechanism based on inhibition of motility, which prevents a successful colonization. In a detailed analysis using defined antisera, we can demonstrate that only anti-O antigen antibodies, but not antibodies directed against the major flagellar subunit FlaA or the most abundant outer membrane protein, OmpU, are capable of effectively blocking the motility by binding to the sheathed flagellum and provide protection in a passive immunization assay.
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ApxIA and ApxIIA DNA vaccine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae lethal challenge in murine model. Vaccine 2009; 27:4565-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lei L, Sun C, Lu S, Feng X, Wang J, Han W. Selection of serotype-specific vaccine candidate genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and heterologous immunization with Propionibacterium acnes. Vaccine 2008; 26:6274-80. [PMID: 18835316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) is a highly contagious lethal causative agent of swine pleuropneumoniae. Vaccines for this disease are usually serotype specific. In order to identify immunogenic genes specific to serotypes, two differentially expressed gene cDNA libraries of A. pleuropneumoniae CCVC259 (serotype 1) and CCVC263 (serotype 5) had been constructed by using a cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA-RDA). From the libraries, six potential vaccine candidate genes expressed only in serotype 1 and 13 genes in serotype 5 were identified by antibody screening after gene expression in vitro with a ribosome display system. Eight sequences out of these exhibited 77-100% identity to the corresponding genes in Propionibacterium acnes. The antisera raised against A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were reactive with P. acnes at a titer of 1:6400 and vice versa (ELISA titer, 1:3200). Mice immunized with P. acnes were protected against 10 x LD50 challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5, and the survival rates were 90% and 95%, respectively. Pigs vaccinated with the P. acnes strain could develop high level antibody cross-reacted with A. pleuropneumoniae and obtain noticeable protection from A. pleuropneumoniae infection. These data demonstrate that there were common antigens between A. pleuropneumoniae and P. acnes, and the cross protectivity highlights the possibility of using P. acnes vaccines for preventing infection by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Lei
- Xi'an street 5333#, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Identification and characterization of novel antigenic vaccine candidates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vaccine 2008; 26:1942-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaevaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev 2008; 9:25-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252307001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed withA. pleuropneumoniaevaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge onA. pleuropneumoniaevaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.
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Prior JL, Hitchen PG, Williamson DE, Reason AJ, Morris HR, Dell A, Wren BW, Titball RW. Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis. Microb Pathog 2001; 30:49-57. [PMID: 11162185 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.2000.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from eight strains of Yersinia pestis, which had been cultured at 28 or 37 degrees C, reacted equally well, in Western blots, with four monoclonal antibodies generated against the LPS from a single strain of Y. pestis cultured at 28 degrees C. LPS was extracted and purified from Y. pestis strain GB, which had been cultured at 28 degrees C. When the LPS was analysed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry it was found to be devoid of an O-antigen. The LPS possessed activity of 2.7 endotoxin units/ng in the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. The LPS stimulated the production of TNFalpha and IL-6 from mouse macrophages, but was less active in these assays than LPS isolated from Escherichia coli strain 0111. Y. pestis LPS, either alone or with cholera toxin B subunit, was used to immunize mice. Either immunization schedule resulted in the development of an antibody response to LPS. However, this response did not provide protection against 100 MLD of Y. pestis strain GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Prior
- DERA, CBD Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, UK.
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Dubreuil JD, Jacques M, Mittal KR, Gottschalk M. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae surface polysaccharides: their role in diagnosis and immunogenicity. Anim Health Res Rev 2000; 1:73-93. [PMID: 11708600 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252300000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important pig pathogen that is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection. Knowledge of the importance, composition and structural determination of the major antigens involved in virulence provides crucial information that could lead to the development of a rationale for the production of specific serodiagnostic tools as well as vaccine development. Thus, efforts have been devoted to study mainly A. pleuropneumoniae virulence determinants with special emphasis on the Apx toxins (for A. pleuropneumoniae RTX toxins). In comparison, little attention has been given to the surface polysaccharides, which include capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and cell-wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Here, we review current knowledge on CPS and LPS of A. pleuropneumoniae used as diagnostic tools to monitor the infection and as immunogens for inclusion in vaccine preparations for animal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Dubreuil
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
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Huter V, Hensel A, Brand E, Lubitz W. Improved protection against lung colonization by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ghosts: characterization of a genetically inactivated vaccine. J Biotechnol 2000; 83:161-72. [PMID: 11000472 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigs immunized with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ghosts or a formalin-inactivated bacterin were found to be protected against clinical disease in both vaccination groups, whereas colonization of the lungs with A. pleuropneumoniae was only prevented in ghost-vaccinated pigs. Bacterial ghosts are empty cell envelopes created by the expression of a cloned bacteriophage lysis gene and, unlike formalin-inactivated bacteria, suffer no denaturing steps during their production. This quality may lead to a superior presentation of surface antigens to the immune system. Analysis by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting of the two vaccine preparations revealed different contents of antigenic proteins. In order to better understand the immunogenic properties of A. pleuropneumoniae ghosts and formalin-inactivated bacteria, we compared the serum antibody response induced in both treatment groups. Immune sera were tested on whole cell antigen or purified virulence factors including outer membrane protein preparations (OMPs), outer membrane lipoprotein OmlA1, transferrin binding proteins (TfbA1, TfbA7 and TfbB) and Apx toxins (ApxI, II and III). SDS-PAGE and immunoblots revealed no specific antibody response against the single virulence factors tested in any vaccinated animal. The two vaccination groups showed different recognition patterns of whole cell antigen and OMP-enriched preparations. A 100 kDa protein was recognized significantly stronger by ghost-vaccinated pigs than convalescent pigs. This unique antibody population induced by ghosts could play a determining role in the prevention of lung colonization. The same 100 kDa antigen was recognized by ghost-sera in homologous as well as heterologous serotype A. pleuropneumoniae protein preparations. Indications for a crossprotective potential in the ghost vaccine were supported by studies on rabbit hyperimmune sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Huter
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Section for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter, University of Vienna, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
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