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Marandu TF, Dombek M, Gutknecht M, Griessl M, Riça IG, Vlková B, Macáková K, Panagioti E, Griffith A, Lederer J, Yaffe M, Shankar S, Otterbein L, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ, Cook CH. Cytomegalovirus durably primes neutrophil oxidative burst. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:459-474. [PMID: 37566762 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus that infects most humans, thereafter persisting lifelong in tissues of the host. It is a known pathogen in immunosuppressed patients, but its impact on immunocompetent hosts remains less understood. Recent data have shown that CMV leaves a significant and long-lasting imprint in host immunity that may confer some protection against subsequent bacterial infection. Such innate immune activation may come at a cost, however, with potential to cause immunopathology. Neutrophils are central to many models of immunopathology, and while acute CMV infection is known to influence neutrophil biology, the impact of chronic CMV infection on neutrophil function remains unreported. Using our murine model of CMV infection and latency, we show that chronic CMV causes persistent enhancement of neutrophil oxidative burst well after resolution of acute infection. Moreover, this in vivo priming of marrow neutrophils is associated with enhanced formyl peptide receptor expression, and ultimately constitutive c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and enhanced CD14 expression in/on circulating neutrophils. Finally, we show that neutrophil priming is dependent on viral load, suggesting that naturally infected human hosts will show variability in CMV-related neutrophil priming. Altogether, these findings represent a previously unrecognized and potentially important impact of chronic CMV infection on neutrophil responsiveness in immunocompetent hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Marandu
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Hospital Hill Rd, University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
| | - Michael Dombek
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Marion Griessl
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Ingred Goretti Riça
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 4 Sasinkova St, Bratislava 811 08, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Macáková
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 4 Sasinkova St, Bratislava 811 08, Slovakia
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Alec Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - James Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael Yaffe
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Sidharth Shankar
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Leo Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Kiyoshi Itagaki
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Charles H Cook
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Barrett CD, Hsu AT, Ellson CD, Y.Miyazawa B, Kong Y, Greenwood JD, Dhara S, Neal MD, Sperry JL, Park MS, Cohen MJ, Zuckerbraun BS, Yaffe MB. Blood clotting and traumatic injury with shock mediates complement-dependent neutrophil priming for extracellular ROS, ROS-dependent organ injury and coagulopathy. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:103-117. [PMID: 30260475 PMCID: PMC6156817 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes participate in acute inflammatory pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following traumatic injury and shock, which also activates the coagulation system systemically. Trauma can prime the PMN nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex for an enhanced respiratory burst, but the relative role of various priming agents in this process remains incompletely understood. We therefore set out to identify mediators of PMN priming during coagulation and trauma-shock and determine whether PMN reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in this manner could influence organ injury and coagulation. Initial experiments demonstrated that PMN are primed for predominantly extracellular ROS production by products of coagulation, which was abrogated by CD88/C5a receptor(C5aR) inhibition. The importance of this was highlighted further by demonstrating that known PMN priming agents result in fractionally different amounts of extracellular versus intracellular ROS release depending on the agent used. Plasma from trauma patients in haemodynamic shock (n = 10) also primed PMN for extracellular ROS in a C5a-dependent manner, which correlated with both complement alternative pathway activation and thrombin generation. Furthermore, PMN primed by preincubation with products of blood coagulation directly caused loss of endothelial barrier function in vitro that was abrogated by C5aR blockade or NADPH oxidase inhibition. Finally, we show in a murine model of trauma-shock that p47phox knock-out (KO) mice with PMN incapable of generating ROS were protected from inflammatory end-organ injury and activated protein C-mediated coagulopathy. In summary, we demonstrate that trauma-shock and coagulation primes PMN for predominantly extracellular ROS production in a C5a-dependent manner that contributes to endothelial barrier loss and organ injury, and potentially enhances traumatic coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Barrett
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - A. T. Hsu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - C. D. Ellson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - B. Y.Miyazawa
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Y.‐W. Kong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. D. Greenwood
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - S. Dhara
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. D. Neal
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - J. L. Sperry
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - M. S. Park
- Department of SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - M. J. Cohen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of SurgeryDenver Health Medical CenterDenverCOUSA
| | | | - M. B. Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCenter for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Human neutrophil elastase mediates fibrinolysis shutdown through competitive degradation of plasminogen and generation of angiostatin. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 83:1053-1061. [PMID: 28837538 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of trauma patients undergo fibrinolysis shutdown rather than pathologic hyperfibrinolysis, contributing to organ failure. The molecular basis for fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma is incompletely understood. Elastase released from primed/activated human neutrophils (HNE) has historically been described as fibrin(ogen)olytic. However, HNE can also degrade plasminogen (PLG) to angiostatin (ANG), retaining the kringle domains but not the proteolytic function, and could thereby compete for generation of active plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). We hypothesized that HNE can drive fibrinolysis shutdown rather than fibrinolysis. METHODS Turbidometry was performed using light scatter (λ = 620 nm) in a purified fibrinogen + PLG system and in healthy citrate plasma clotted with Ca/thrombin ± tPA, ±HNE, and ±ANG to evaluate HNE effects on fibrinolysis, quantified by time to transition midpoint (Tm). ΔTm from control is reported as percent of control ±95% CI. Purified HNE coincubated with PLG or tPA was analyzed by western blot to identify cleavage products. Exogenous HNE was mixed ex vivo with healthy volunteer blood (n = 7) and used in TEG ± tPA to evaluate effects on fibrinolysis. RESULTS HNE did not cause measurable fibrinolysis on fibrin clots, clotted plasma, or whole blood as assessed by turbidometry or TEG in the absence of tPA. Upon tPA treatment, all three methods of evaluating fibrinolysis showed delays and decreases in fibrinolysis caused by HNE relative to control: fibrin clot turbidometry ΔTm = 110.7% (CI 105.0-116.5%), clotted citrate plasma (n = 6 healthy volunteers) ΔTm = 126.1% (CI 110.4-141.8%), and whole blood native TEG (n = 7 healthy volunteers) with ΔLY30 = 28% (p = 0.043). Western blot analysis of HNE-PLG co-incubation confirmed that HNE generates angiostatin K1-3, and plasma turbidity assays treated with angiostatin K1-3 delayed fibrinolysis. CONCLUSION HNE degrades PLG and generates angiostatin K1-3, which predominates over HNE cleavage of fibrin(ogen). These findings suggest that neutrophil release of elastase may underlie trauma-induced fibrinolytic shutdown.
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El-Benna J, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Marzaioli V, Marie JC, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Dang PMC. Priming of the neutrophil respiratory burst: role in host defense and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:180-93. [PMID: 27558335 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the major circulating white blood cells in humans. They play an essential role in host defense against pathogens. In healthy individuals, circulating neutrophils are in a dormant state with very low efficiency of capture and arrest on the quiescent endothelium. Upon infection and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators, the vascular endothelium signals to circulating neutrophils to roll, adhere, and cross the endothelial barrier. Neutrophils migrate toward the infection site along a gradient of chemo-attractants, then recognize and engulf the pathogen. To kill this pathogen entrapped inside the vacuole, neutrophils produce and release high quantities of antibacterial peptides, proteases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The robust ROS production is also called 'the respiratory burst', and the NADPH oxidase or NOX2 is the enzyme responsible for the production of superoxide anion, leading to other ROS. In vitro, several soluble and particulate agonists induce neutrophil ROS production. This process can be enhanced by prior neutrophil treatment with 'priming' agents, which alone do not induce a respiratory burst. In this review, we will describe the priming process and discuss the beneficial role of controlled neutrophil priming in host defense and the detrimental effect of excessive neutrophil priming in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Dependent Neutrophil Priming Prevents Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Bacterial Translocation. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1498-1510. [PMID: 28144894 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes barrier impairment and bacterial influx. Protection against I/R injury in sterile organs by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) had been attributed to erythropoietic and angiogenic responses. Our previous study showed attenuation of intestinal I/R injury by HPC for 21 days in a neutrophil-dependent manner. AIM To investigate the underlying mechanisms of neutrophil priming by HPC, and explore whether adoptive transfer of primed neutrophils is sufficient to ameliorate intestinal I/R injury. METHODS Rats raised in normoxia (NM) and HPC for 3 or 7 days were subjected to sham operation or superior mesenteric artery occlusion for I/R challenge. Neutrophils isolated from rats raised in NM or HPC for 21 days were intravenously injected into naïve controls prior to I/R. RESULTS Similar to the protective effect of HPC-21d, I/R-induced mucosal damage was attenuated by HPC-7d but not by HPC-3d. Naïve rats reconstituted with neutrophils of HPC-21d rats showed increase in intestinal phagocytic infiltration and myeloperoxidase activity, and barrier protection against I/R insult. Elevated free radical production, and higher bactericidal and phagocytic activity were observed in HPC neutrophils compared to NM controls. Moreover, increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) were seen in HPC rats. Naïve neutrophils incubated with HPC serum or recombinant TNFα, but not CINC-1, exhibited heightened respiratory burst and bactericidal activity. Lastly, neutrophil priming effect was abolished by neutralization of TNFα in HPC serum. CONCLUSIONS TNFα-primed neutrophils by HPC act as effectors cells for enhancing barrier integrity under gut ischemia.
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Potera RM, Jensen MJ, Hilkin BM, South GK, Hook JS, Gross EA, Moreland JG. Neutrophil azurophilic granule exocytosis is primed by TNF-α and partially regulated by NADPH oxidase. Innate Immun 2016; 22:635-646. [PMID: 27655046 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916668980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) activation with release of granule contents plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, prompting clinical trials of inhibitors of neutrophil elastase. Despite mounting evidence for neutrophil-mediated host tissue damage in a variety of disease processes, mechanisms regulating azurophilic granule exocytosis at the plasma membrane, and thus release of elastase and other proteases, are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that azurophilic granule exocytosis would be enhanced under priming conditions similar to those seen during acute inflammatory events and during chronic inflammatory disease, and selected the cytokine TNF-α to model this in vitro. Neutrophils stimulated with TNF-α alone elicited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mobilization of secretory vesicles, specific, and gelatinase granules. p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK were involved in these components of priming. TNF-α priming alone did not mobilize azurophilic granules to the cell surface, but did markedly increase elastase release into the extracellular space in response to secondary stimulation with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF). Priming of fMLF-stimulated elastase release was further augmented in the absence of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS. Our findings provide a mechanism for host tissue damage during neutrophil-mediated inflammation and suggest a novel anti-inflammatory role for the NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Potera
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Melissa J Jensen
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, USA.,3 The Inflammation Program, The University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
| | - Brieanna M Hilkin
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, USA.,3 The Inflammation Program, The University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
| | - Gina K South
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Jessica S Hook
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.,4 Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Emily A Gross
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, USA.,3 The Inflammation Program, The University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.,4 Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
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Ling MR, Chapple ILC, Matthews JB. Neutrophil superoxide release and plasma C-reactive protein levels pre- and post-periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:652-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Ling
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Iain L. C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - John B. Matthews
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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Abstract
Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) includes heterogeneous coagulopathic syndromes with different underlying causes, and treatment is challenged by limited diagnostic tests to discriminate between these entities in the acute setting. We provide an overview of progress in understanding the mechanisms of TIC and the context for several of the hypotheses that will be tested in 'TACTIC'. Although connected to ongoing clinical trials in trauma, TACTIC itself has no intent to conduct clinical trials. We do anticipate that 'early translation' of promising results will occur. Functions anticipated at this early translational level include: (i) basic science groundwork for future therapeutic candidates; (ii) development of acute coagulopathy scoring systems; (iii) coagulation factor composition-based computational analysis; (iv) characterization of novel analytes including tissue factor, polyphosphates, histones, meizothrombin and α-thrombin-antithrombin complexes, factor XIa, platelet and endothelial markers of activation, signatures of protein C activation and fibrinolysis markers; and (v) assessment of viscoelastic tests and new point-of-care methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - K Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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9
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Guérard S, Allaeys I, Martin G, Pouliot R, Poubelle PE. Psoriatic keratinocytes prime neutrophils for an overproduction of superoxide anions. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:879-89. [PMID: 23974213 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic plaques result from an abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes associated with the local presence of T lymphocytes and neutrophils. The exact role of neutrophils in psoriatic lesions remains unclear. The present investigation was aimed at deciphering the capacity of psoriatic keratinocytes to alter in vitro functions of neutrophils. Blood neutrophils from healthy donors were incubated with psoriatic (PK) or healthy keratinocytes (HK) with and without IL-2-activated healthy T lymphocytes. The study was focussed on neutrophil capacity of adherence, viability and superoxide anion production. PK or HK with or without T lymphocytes similarly augmented neutrophil viability after 48 h of co-incubation. PK or HK did not directly activate the superoxide production by neutrophils. However, they both primed neutrophils for an increased fMLF-induced production of superoxide, an effect enhanced by the presence of T lymphocytes. PK were 1.5-fold more efficient than HK to augment this superoxide production. PK cultured with T lymphocytes induced the adhesion of neutrophils 4.7 times more efficiently than HK. The adherence of neutrophils was mediated through ICAM-1, LFA-1 and Mac-1, independently of bioactive lipids. The effects of PK and HK on neutrophil viability and priming were independent of direct cellular contact. In conclusion, keratinocytes can impact neutrophils by increasing their lifespan, and by priming them to overproduce superoxide. PK are more efficient than HK in priming neutrophils, an effect enhanced by T lymphocytes. These results indicate that neutrophils could contribute to psoriasis pathogenesis partly through their pathological interactions with PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guérard
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale (LOEX), Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Effects of subacute oral warfarin administration on peripheral blood granulocytes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1499-507. [PMID: 22342526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Warfarin affects mainly vitamin K dependent (VKD) processes, but the effects on some non-VKD-related activities such as tumor growth inhibition and mononuclear cell-mediated immune reactions were shown as well. In this study, the effect of subchronic (30 days) oral warfarin (0.35 mg/l and 3.5mg/l) intake on peripheral blood granulocytes in rats was investigated. Increase in prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time at high warfarin dose reflected its basic activity. Priming effect for respiratory burst was noted at both warfarin doses, while only high warfarin dose resulted in priming for adhesion, the rise in intracellular myeloperoxidase content/release and stimulation of nitric oxide production. Differential effects of high warfarin dose were noted on granulocyte cytokines IL-6 (lack of the effect), TNF-α (decreased release and mRNA expression) and IL-12 (increase in mRNA for IL-12 subunits p35 and p40). Changes in granulocytes seems not to rely on mitogen activated kinases p38 and ERK. Warfarin intake was associated with an increase in circulating IL-6, fibrinogen and haptoglobin and with changes in the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. The effects of oral warfarin intake on peripheral blood granulocytes demonstrated in this study might be relevant for oral anticoagulant therapy strategies in humans.
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11
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Shih HC, Huang MS, Lee CH. Polymorphonuclear cell priming associated with NF-kB activation in patients with severe injury is partially dependent on macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 211:791-7. [PMID: 20980171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe trauma may induce alternations of cytokine response and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) activity in patients. This study investigated the correlation of plasma migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level and PMN activation after severe injury, and their relationship with clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational study was performed at the emergency department and intensive care unit of a university hospital. Thirty-two severe blunt trauma patients (Injury Severity Score greater than 16) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were enrolled. Age- and gender-matched healthy persons were the controls. Patient blood samples were obtained within 24 hours of and at 72 hours after injury. PMNs were isolated and measured for NF-kBp65 translocation and respiratory burst. Plasma MIF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 concentrations were measured. Control PMNs were incubated with patient plasma preincubated with anti-MIF antibody or anti-IL-6 antibody; cytokine blockade effects were evaluated. RESULTS Twelve patients developed organ failure. Compared with patients without organ failure, patients with organ failure had lower blood pressure and a higher base deficit on admission, higher NF-kBp65 translocation and respiratory burst of PMNs, and higher plasma MIF (968 ± 246 pg/mL vs 564 ± 299 pg/mL) and IL-6 (202 ± 91 pg/mL vs 119 ± 84 pg/mL) levels within 24 hours after injury. Plasma MIF had significant positive correlation with NF-kB translocation of PMNs within 24 hours of incurring trauma (R = 0.668). The presence of anti-MIF antibody in patients' plasma obtained within 24 hours, but not at 72 hours, after injury could significantly partially block the NF-kBp65 translocation and respiratory activity of PMNs in the controls. CONCLUSIONS An early increase of plasma MIF associates with NF-kB translocation and respiratory burst in PMNs of severe trauma patients and correlates with higher morbidity. MIF is one of the important factors responsible for early PMN activation and may provide a target of immunomodulation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chin Shih
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Koutsostathis S, Tsaganos T, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Kotsaki A, Papalois A, Efstathopoulos N. Eicosapentanoic acid prolongs survival and attenuates inflammatory response in an experimental model of lethal trauma. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:69-74. [PMID: 20538444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to define the efficacy of intravenously administered n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in an animal model of lethal trauma following femur fracture, an intravenous solution of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) - one n-3 PUFA - was administered in 25 rabbits; 13 were controls and 12 were treated with EPA 30 min after fracture. Vital signs were recorded and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and respiratory burst of neutrophils were assessed. Survival of controls was 7.7% and of animals treated with EPA 50% (log-rank: 5.162; p: 0.023). Vital signs of both groups did not differ. Oxidative burst of neutrophils was greater among EPA-treated animals compared with controls at 48 h (p: 0.010). Serum levels of TNFalpha of the former group were decreased compared with the latter at 48 h (p: 0.019). Bacterial growth of enterobacteriaceae from liver and spleen after death or euthanasia was lower among EPA-treated rabbits than controls. These results suggest that EPA possesses considerable immunomodulatory activities improving survival in a model of lethal trauma. Restoration of oxidative burst conferring efficient phagocytosis of evading bacteria seems the most probable mechanism of action.
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CALCIUM ENTRY INHIBITION DURING RESUSCITATION FROM SHOCK ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY LUNG INJURY. Shock 2008; 30:29-35. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318145a589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Moreland JG, Davis AP, Matsuda JJ, Hook JS, Bailey G, Nauseef WM, Lamb FS. Endotoxin priming of neutrophils requires NADPH oxidase-generated oxidants and is regulated by the anion transporter ClC-3. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33958-67. [PMID: 17908687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705289200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several soluble mediators, including endotoxin, prime neutrophils for an enhanced respiratory burst in response to subsequent stimulation. Priming of neutrophils occurs in vitro, and primed neutrophils are found in vivo. We previously localized the anion transporter ClC-3 to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) secretory vesicles and demonstrated that it is required for normal NADPH oxidase activation in response to both particulate and soluble stimuli. We now explore the contribution of the NADPH oxidase and ClC-3 to endotoxin-mediated priming. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Neisseria meningitidis enhances the respiratory burst in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, an effect that was impaired in PMNs lacking functional ClC-3 and under anaerobic conditions. Mobilization of receptors to the cell surface and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by LOS were both impaired in PMN with the NADPH oxidase chemically inhibited or genetically absent and in cells lacking functional ClC-3. Furthermore, inhibition of the NADPH oxidase or ClC-3 in otherwise unstimulated cells elicited a phenotype similar to that seen after endotoxin priming, suggesting that basal oxidant production helps to maintain cellular quiescence. In summary, NADPH oxidase activation was required for LOS-mediated priming, but basal oxidants kept unstimulated cells from becoming primed. ClC-3 contributes to both of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Moreland
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, The Inflammation Program, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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15
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Matthews JB, Wright HJ, Roberts A, Cooper PR, Chapple ILC. Hyperactivity and reactivity of peripheral blood neutrophils in chronic periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 147:255-64. [PMID: 17223966 PMCID: PMC1810478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence exists that peripheral neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after Fcgamma-receptor stimulation than those from healthy controls. We hypothesized that peripheral neutrophils in periodontitis also show both hyper-reactivity to plaque organisms and hyperactivity in terms of baseline, unstimulated generation and release of ROS. Peripheral neutrophils from chronic periodontitis patients and age/sex/smoking-matched healthy controls (18 pairs) were assayed for total ROS generation and extracellular ROS release, with and without stimulation (Fcgamma-receptor and Fusobacterium nucleatum), using luminol and isoluminol chemiluminescence. Assays were performed with and without priming with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Phox gene expression (p22, p47, p67, gp91) was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neutrophils from patients produced higher mean levels of ROS in all assays. Total generation and extracellular release of ROS by patients' cells were significantly greater than those from controls after FcgammaR-stimulation, with (P = 0.023) and without (P < or = 0.023) priming with GM-CSF. Differences in unstimulated total ROS generation were not significant. By contrast, patients' cells demonstrated greater baseline, extracellular ROS release than those from controls (P = 0.004). This difference was maintained after priming with LPS (P = 0.028) but not GM-CSF (P = 0.217). Phox gene expression was similar in patient and control cells at baseline and stimulation with F. nucleatum (3 h) consistently reduced gp91(PHOX) transcripts. Our data demonstrate that peripheral neutrophils from periodontitis patients exhibit hyper-reactivity following stimulation (Fcgamma-receptor and F. nucleatum) and hyperactivity in terms of excess ROS release in the absence of exogenous stimulation. This hyperactive/-reactive neutrophil phenotype is not associated with elevated phox gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Matthews
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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16
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Foster N, Hulme S, Lovell M, Reed K, Barrow P. Stimulation of gp91 phagocytic oxidase and reactive oxygen species in neutrophils by an avirulent Salmonella enterica serovar infantis strain protects gnotobiotic piglets from lethal challenge with serovar Typhimurium strain F98 without inducing intestinal pathology. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4539-47. [PMID: 16040965 PMCID: PMC1201227 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.8.4539-4547.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preinoculation of susceptible 5-day-old gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis strain 1326/28Phi(r) stimulates neutrophil migration into the intestine, which rapidly protects the pigs against a subsequent (normally lethal) challenge with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain F98. Here we show that inoculation with either 1326/28Phi(r) or F98 activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils via NADPH pathways in vivo and in vitro and that the survival of both Salmonella strains was increased if neutrophils were cocultured with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (captopril). Neither F98 nor 1326/28Phi(r) significantly increased reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels in neutrophils isolated from uninfected pigs. Our results indicate the following: (i) rapid protection of highly susceptible gnotobiotic piglets against F98-induced gastroenteritis by preinoculation with 1326/28Phi(r) is likely to be due to stimulation of ROS-producing neutrophils in the intestinal epithelium prior to challenge with the lethal strain; (ii) pathological lesions of the intestine during severe gastroenteritis are not necessarily induced by neutrophil migration per se; and (iii) if neutrophil migration into the intestine is responsible for pathology, then neither increased production of ROS or RNS (in pigs inoculated with the lethal strain) nor reduced production (in protected pigs in which pathological lesions are ameliorated by preinoculation with 1326/28Phi(r)) can account for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Foster
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton RG20 7NN, United Kingdom
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17
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Salanova B, Choi M, Rolle S, Wellner M, Scheidereit C, Luft FC, Kettritz R. The effect of fever‐like temperatures on neutrophil signaling. FASEB J 2005; 19:816-8. [PMID: 15755871 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2983fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fever on neutrophils has not been explored. We tested the hypothesis that fever-like temperature spikes affect neutrophil signaling and function. Prior 60 min, 42 degrees C heat exposure inhibited p38 MAPK, ERK, PI3-Kinase/Akt, and NF-kappaB activation in TNF-alpha-challenged suspended neutrophils. Using pharmacological inhibitors and an inhibitory peptide transduced into neutrophils by a HIV-TAT sequence, we found that p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB mediate TNF-alpha-mediated delayed apoptosis in suspended neutrophils. Heat exposure (39-42 degrees C) did not affect constitutive apoptosis but abrogated TNF-alpha-delayed apoptosis in these suspended cells. In contrast, adhesion-dependent functions were not inhibited. Furthermore, we found that heat exposure neither blocked p38 MAPK, ERK, and NF-kappaB activation in neutrophils on fibronectin nor prevented delayed apoptosis by TNF-alpha when cells interacted with fibronectin. Above and beyond apoptosis, TNF-alpha initiated NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription. Heat exposure blocked this effect in suspended neutrophils but not in neutrophils on fibronectin. Finally, we show that beta2-integrins, which are not necessary for TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation at 37 degrees C, transduce costimulatory signals allowing NF-kappaB activation after heat exposure. The effect could protect circulating neutrophils from TNF-alpha activation, while not interfering with activation of adherent neutrophils. Fever could make neutrophils more parsimonious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Salanova
- Medical Faculty of the Charité, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Franz Volhard Clinic at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, HELIOS-Klinikum-Berlin, Germany
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18
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Chen ZB, Zheng SS, Yuan G, Ding CY, Zhang Y, Zhao XH, Ni LM. Effects of intestinal lymph on expression of neutrophil adhesion factors and lung injury after trauma-induced shock. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:3221-4. [PMID: 15457581 PMCID: PMC4611279 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i21.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study how intestinal lymph after trauma-induced shock (TIS) interferes with expression of neutrophil adhesion factors (CD11b and CD18) and causes lung injury.
METHODS: Thirty-two adult healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Groups 1 and 2 included rats with TIS caused by hitting the mid-upper part of both side femoral bones with a 2 500 kg raw-iron, and with or without ligation of mesenteric lymph duct. Groups 3 and 4 included rats with sham-TIS and with or without ligation of mesenteric lymph duct. Expression of neutrophil CD18 and CD11b in at 1 and 3 h after a 90-min TIS/sham-TIS was evaluated. These rats were killed at 3 h after TIS/sham-TIS, and lungs were taken immediately. The main lung injury indexes (the MPO activity and lung injury score) were measured.
RESULTS: The expressions of CD18 and CD11b at 1 and 3 h after a 90-min TIS and the main lung injury indexes were significantly increased compared with those in the sham-TIS groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, at 1 and 3 h after TIS, the expressions of CD18 (32.12 ± 1.25 and 33.46 ± 0.98) and CD11b (29.56 ± 1.35 and 30.56 ± 1.85) were significantly decreased in rats with ligation of mesenteric lymph duct, compared with those (52.3 ± 1.12 and 50.21 ± 1.25, and 42.24 ± 1.24 and 42.81 ± 1.12, respectively) in those without the ligation (all P < 0.05). The main lung injury indexes in rats with TIS with ligation of mesenteric lymph duct (0.96 ± 0.12 and 6.54 ± 0.35) were also significantly decreased, compared with those (1.56 ± 0.21 and 9.56 ± 0.23) in rats with TIS without the ligation (both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in expressions of CD18 and CD11b and the main lung injury indexes between the two sham-TIS groups.
CONCLUSION: Previous ligation of mesenteric lymph ducts prevents or alleviates the up-regulated expression of PMN CD18 and CD11b and the lung injury induced by TIS. Our findings also indicate that neutrophil adhesion molecule activation and lung injury during TIS appear to be caused by some factors that are released or produced by post-ischemic intestine through the mesenteric lymph pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Bing Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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19
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Sarin EL, Moore EE, Moore JB, Masuno T, Moore JL, Banerjee A, Silliman CC. Systemic Neutrophil Priming by Lipid Mediators in Post-Shock Mesenteric Lymph Exists Across Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 57:950-4. [PMID: 15580016 DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000149493.95859.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) has been linked with neutrophil (PMN) priming, endothelial cell (EC) activation, and acute lung injury (ALI) in rodent models. We have previously identified the lipid fraction of PHSML as containing the causative agent(s). Due to the lesson learned from the rodent gut bacterial translocation experience, we sought to confirm this phenomenon using a large animal model; hypothesizing that lymph collected from the porcine gut following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) would cause PMN priming. METHODS Mesenteric lymph was collected from adult pigs before, during, and for 2 hours after non-lethal hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure = 30 mm Hg x 45 minutes). Whole lymph and the extracted lipid fractions of the lymph were then added to isolated human and porcine PMNs and superoxide production was measured by cytochrome C reduction. RESULTS Hemorrhagic shock profoundly affected mesenteric lymph flow from baseline (pre-shock) flow rates of 75.63 +/- 8.86 mL/hr to 49.38 +/- 5.76 mL/hr during shock and increasing to 253.38 +/- 27.62 mL/hr after 2 hours of resuscitation. Human PMNs exposed to both whole lymph (PHSML) and its extracted lipids (PHSML Lipid) collected 2 hours after shock exhibited more than a two-fold increase in superoxide release upon activation compared with pre-shock samples: PHSML- 6.27 +/- 0.83 versus 2.56 +/- 0.60 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min, respectively (p = 0.007), PHSML Lipid- 4.93 +/- 0.34 versus 2.49 +/- 0.11 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min (p < 0.001). Similarly, porcine PMNs exhibited close to a two-fold activation when exposed to the lymph and lipid fraction: PHSML- 4.51 +/- 0.42 versus 1.06 +/- 0.28 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min (p = 0.008), PHSML Lipid-4.80 +/- 0.81 versus 1.55 +/- 0.23 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Mesenteric lymphatics serve as the conduit for inflammatory mediators elaborated by the post-ischemic gut in both small and large animal models. Further, the causal agent(s) exist in the lipid fraction of the lymph and are active on both human and animal PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Sarin
- Departments of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA
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20
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Rubin BB, Downey GP, Koh A, Degousee N, Ghomashchi F, Nallan L, Stefanski E, Harkin DW, Sun C, Smart BP, Lindsay TF, Cherepanov V, Vachon E, Kelvin D, Sadilek M, Brown GE, Yaffe MB, Plumb J, Grinstein S, Glogauer M, Gelb MH. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha is necessary for platelet-activating factor biosynthesis, efficient neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing, and the innate immune response to pulmonary infection: cPLA2-alpha does not regulate neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:7519-29. [PMID: 15475363 PMCID: PMC2409062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407438200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of a cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha (cPLA(2)-alpha) in neutrophil arachidonic acid release, platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis, NADPH oxidase activation, and bacterial killing in vitro, and the innate immune response to bacterial infection in vivo was examined. cPLA(2)-alpha activity was blocked with the specific cPLA(2)-alpha inhibitor, Pyrrolidine-1 (human cells), or by cPLA(2) -alpha gene disruption (mice). cPLA(2)-alpha inhibition or gene disruption led to complete suppression of neutrophil arachidonate release and PAF biosynthesis but had no effect on neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation, FcgammaII/III or CD11b surface expression, primary or secondary granule secretion, or phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in vitro. In contrast, cPLA(2)-alpha inhibition or gene disruption diminished neutrophil-mediated E. coli killing in vitro, which was partially rescued by exogenous arachidonic acid or PAF but not leukotriene B(4). Following intratracheal inoculation with live E. coli in vivo, pulmonary PAF biosynthesis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and clearance of E. coli were attenuated in cPLA(2)-alpha(-/-) mice compared with wild type littermates. These studies identify a novel role for cPLA(2)-alpha in the regulation of neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing and the innate immune response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry B Rubin
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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21
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Brown GE, Stewart MQ, Bissonnette SA, Elia AEH, Wilker E, Yaffe MB. Distinct ligand-dependent roles for p38 MAPK in priming and activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:27059-68. [PMID: 15102856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m314258200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to certain cytokines and inflammatory mediators, the activity of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase enzyme is primed for enhanced superoxide production when the cells receive a subsequent oxidase-activating stimulus. The relative role of p38 MAPK in the priming and activation processes is incompletely understood. We have developed a 2-step assay that allows the relative contributions of p38 MAPK activity in priming to be distinguished from those involved in oxidase activation. Using this assay, together with in vitro kinase assays and immunochemical studies, we report that p38 MAPK plays a critical role in TNFalpha priming of the human and porcine NADPH oxidase for superoxide production in response to complement-opsonized zymosan (OpZ), but little, if any, role in neutrophil priming by platelet-activating factor (PAF) for OpZ-dependent responses. The OpZ-mediated activation process per se is independent of p38 MAPK activity, in contrast to oxidase activation by fMLP, where 70% of the response is eliminated by p38 MAPK inhibitors regardless of the priming agent. We further report that incubation of neutrophils with TNFalpha results in the p38 MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of a subpopulation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) molecules, whereas PAF priming results in phosphorylation only of p67(phox). Despite these phosphorylations, TNFalpha priming does not result in significant association of either of these oxidase subunits with neutrophil membranes, demonstrating that the molecular basis for priming does not appear to involve preassembly of the NADPH oxidase holoenzyme/cytochrome complex prior to oxidase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn E Brown
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
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22
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Bauer S, Adrian N, Williamson B, Panousis C, Fadle N, Smerd J, Fettah I, Scott AM, Pfreundschuh M, Renner C. Targeted Bioactivity of Membrane-Anchored TNF by an Antibody-Derived TNF Fusion Protein. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:3930-9. [PMID: 15004201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe the generation and characterization of a fusion protein consisting of a humanized anti-fibroblast-activating protein (anti-FAP) Ab and human TNF replacing the IgG1 CH2/CH3 Fc domain. The construct was generated by recombinant DNA technology and preserved its IgG1-derived dimeric structure with the TNF molecule linked as a dimer. Expression in CHO cells was optimized in serum-free medium under GMP conditions to achieve production levels up to 15 mg/liter. Recognition of the FAP Ag by the construct was as good as that by the parental anti-FAP Ab. TNF signaling was induce able via both TNF receptor types. When acting in solution, the Ab-linked TNF dimer exhibited a 10- to 20-fold lower activity compared with recombinant trimeric TNF. However, after binding to FAP-expressing cells, immobilized anti-FAP-TNF dimer was equivalent to membrane-anchored TNF with regard to bioactivity. Amplification of TNF-related pathways by mimicking the membrane-integrated TNF signaling was detectable in various systems, such as apoptosis induction or tissue factor production. The difference in TNF receptor type 1 and 2 signaling by the anti-FAP-TNF construct correlated well with its Ag-bound or -soluble status. Translating the approach into a xenograft animal model (BALB/c nu/nu mice), we demonstrated low toxicity with measurable antitumor efficacy for the TNF fusion protein after i.v. application. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections showed restricted TNF-mediated macrophage recruitment to the targeted tissue in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These data warrant transfer of the anti-FAP-TNF immunocytokine into clinical trials for the treatment of FAP-positive tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Dimerization
- Endopeptidases
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gelatinases
- Humans
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/toxicity
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/toxicity
- Sequence Deletion
- Serine Endopeptidases/immunology
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Solubility
- Thromboplastin/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/administration & dosage
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/toxicity
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bauer
- Medical Department I, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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23
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Hidalgo MA, Ojeda F, Eyre P, LaBranche TP, Smith C, Hancke JL, Burgos RA. Platelet-activating factor increases pH(i) in bovine neutrophils through the PI3K-ERK1/2 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 141:311-21. [PMID: 14691048 PMCID: PMC1574188 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to stimulate a variety of neutrophil activities, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, reactive oxygen species production and intracellular pH increase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PAF on pH((i)), specifically if these changes in pH are the result of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation in bovine neutrophils. 2. PAF caused intracellular alkalinization in 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester-loaded bovine neutrophils. This phenomenon seems to be mediated by amiloride-sensitive Na(+)/H(+) exchange, and is inhibited by WEB2086 (a selective PAF receptor antagonist), genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor), wortmannin and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitors), and PD98059 and UO126 (MEK inhibitors). 3. PAF 100 nm induced an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins 62, 44 and 21 kDa with a maximum response at 2 min of incubation. 4. Unlike human neutrophils, bovine neutrophils are strongly stimulated by PAF via phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase) with an EC(50) of 30 and 13 nm, respectively. 5. PAF MAPK activation was also inhibited by WEB2086, pertussis toxin (PTX), genistein, wortmannin, LY294002, PD98059 and UO126 in bovine neutrophils. The ERK1/2 activation is dependent on PI3K pathway, because protein kinase B was phosphorylated by PAF and inhibited by wortmannin and LY294002, but not by U0126. 6. Our results suggest that PAF induces intracellular alkalinization via PI3K-MAPK activation. This effect is upstream regulated by PAF receptor, PTX-sensitive G protein, tyrosine kinase, PI3K and MEK1/2 in bovine neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Flavio Ojeda
- Institute of Physic, Faculty of Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Peter Eyre
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - Timothy P LaBranche
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - Carlos Smith
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan L Hancke
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
- Author for correspondence:
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24
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Erickson-Miller CL, Freeman SD, Hopson CB, D'Alessio KJ, Fischer EI, Kikly KK, Abrahamson JA, Holmes SD, King AG. Characterization of Siglec-5 (CD170) expression and functional activity of anti-Siglec-5 antibodies on human phagocytes. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:382-8. [PMID: 12763136 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Siglec family of proteins consists of at least 10 members with immunoglobulin and lectin domains and with similar sialic acid-binding properties. Many Siglec family members are expressed on hematopoietic cells and are involved in cell/cell interactions. Some family members are suspected of regulating cellular processes through specific signaling pathways. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against specific epitopes of Siglec-5 (CD170) and were used to determine expression of Siglec-5 on normal blood and marrow cells and cell lines. The antibodies also were used to elucidate functional activity for Siglec-5 on blood neutrophils. METHODS Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to determine the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for Siglec-5 and to determine expression patterns. Chemiluminescence assays were employed to measure the oxidative burst activity of whole blood or purified neutrophils following treatment with the anti-Siglec-5 antibodies. RESULTS Cell surface expression analysis demonstrated that the protein was expressed on gated human neutrophil and monocyte populations, both in the blood and bone marrow. Expression on neutrophils was enhanced by one-hour treatment with fMLP or TNF-alpha. Epitope-specific anti-Siglec-5 monoclonal antibodies did not directly activate human neutrophils; however, antibody binding augmented neutrophil oxidative burst activity as determined by fMLP-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. CONCLUSION Data demonstrating expression of Siglec-5 on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage and alteration of its expression by inflammatory stimuli suggest a role for this protein in cell/cell interactions following microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie L Erickson-Miller
- Department of Molecular Virology and Host Defense, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, USA.
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Pallua N, von Heimburg D. Pathogenic role of interleukin-6 in the development of sepsis. Part I: Study in a standardized contact burn murine model. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1490-4. [PMID: 12771623 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000065724.51708.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a representative model for the evaluation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-6 receptor for pathogenicity and lethality in the postburn period. DESIGN Ten-week-old C 57 BL/6J mice received a 20% body surface area contact burn and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 48 hrs later. Standardized burns were created with a metal stamp of 150 degrees C of defined pressure and surface area (2.4525 Newton/0.00166 m2) over a period of 11 secs. The depth of dermal injury was verified histologically. The following groups were formed: I: no burn, no LPS (n = 35); II: burn, no LPS (n = 140); III, no burn, LPS (n = 56); and IV, burn, LPS (n = 80), to study the effect of burn alone, sepsis alone, or the combination. Lethal LPS dose (LD100) was determined by application of LPS in increasing doses (200, 300, 400, and 500 microg, n = 32) after burns. MEASUREMENTS Concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and leukocytes, platelets and organ pathology were evaluated. SETTING Research laboratory. RESULTS Burn and LPS showed an additive effect on the release of IL-6 but not of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Leukocyte and platelet numbers decreased significantly (group IV) compared with the other groups (I-III). The maximal levels of IL-6 in group IV were reached earlier than those of TNF-alpha. The contact burn model has a mortality rate of 30%, which is close to clinical outcome. We found the model of contact burn superior to scald or flame burn models. A dose of 400-microg LPS was found to be the lethal LPS dose (LD100). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that preexisting burn injury increases the response to endotoxin. TNF-alpha is not involved in priming. IL-6 on the other hand is a very representative parameter for priming. Because TNF-alpha was obviously not the causative factor, it was concluded that the application of anti-IL-6-mAb should be of great value. Therefore, a therapeutic application was designed, see part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pallua
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery--Burn Center, University Hospital of the Aachen University of Technology, Germany
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26
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Mitchell GB, Albright BN, Caswell JL. Effect of interleukin-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on priming and activation of bovine neutrophils. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1643-9. [PMID: 12654776 PMCID: PMC152050 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.4.1643-1649.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells in innate and acquired immunity, but the magnitude and character of their phagocytic and bactericidal responses depend on cues derived from mediators in the local microenvironment. This study investigated the effect of bovine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on priming and activation of bovine neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. Neutrophils were isolated from blood and cultured for up to 18 h, with or without cytokines, and then Mannheimia haemolytica-induced oxidative burst and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus were measured by flow cytometry. Neither IL-8 nor G-CSF directly triggered an oxidative burst, but incubation with these cytokines for 18 h primed neutrophils for a greater oxidative burst triggered by M. haemolytica and for enhanced uptake of S. aureus. The maximal response was observed when neutrophils were incubated with both cytokines together, at concentrations of 200 ng/ml for G-CSF and 400 ng/ml for IL-8. The IL-8-induced priming effect was reduced by treatment with a neutralizing antibody to IL-8, and was not attributed to endotoxin contamination. Instillation of IL-8 into the lung using a bronchoscope induced neutrophil recruitment within 18 h. Neutrophils from IL-8-treated lung showed dose-dependent enhancement of the oxidative burst triggered by M. haemolytica. Histologically, neutrophils filled alveoli and bronchioles, and scattered macrophages contained neutrophils with morphological features of apoptosis. Thus, prolonged in vitro or in vivo exposure to IL-8 and/or G-CSF enhances the subsequent oxidative burst and phagocytic responses of bovine neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon B Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Han H, Fuortes M, Nathan C. Critical role of the carboxyl terminus of proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) in the activation of human neutrophils by tumor necrosis factor: separation of signals for the respiratory burst and degranulation. J Exp Med 2003; 197:63-75. [PMID: 12515814 PMCID: PMC2193795 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transduction of Tat-tagged fusion proteins confirmed a hypothesis based on pharmacologic inhibitors (Fuortes, M., M. Melchior, H. Han, G.J. Lyon, and C. Nathan. 1999. J. Clin. Invest. 104:327-335) that proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) plays a critical role in the activation of adherent human neutrophils, and allowed an analysis of individual Pyk2 domains not possible with chemical inhibitors. Acting as a dominant negative, the COOH terminus of Pyk2 fused to a Tat peptide (Tat-CT), but not other regions of Pyk2, specifically inhibited the respiratory burst of cells responding to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Salmonella, or Listeria, while sparing responses induced by phorbol ester. Tat-CT suppressed TNF-triggered cell spreading and the phosphorylation of endogenous Pyk2 and the associated tyrosine kinase Syk without blocking the ability of neutrophils to degranulate and kill bacteria. Thus, separate signals control the respiratory burst and degranulation, and a normal rate of killing of some bacteria can be sustained by granule products in conjunction with a minimal residual respiratory burst. Inhibition of select inflammatory functions without impairment of antibacterial activity may commend the Pyk2 pathway as a potential target for antiinflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsil Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Programs in Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Rosengart MR, Nathens AB, Arbabi S, Neff MJ, Garcia I, Martin TR, Maier RV. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in the intensive care unit: prognostic potential. Ann Surg 2003; 237:94-100. [PMID: 12496535 PMCID: PMC1513967 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200301000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic significance of the activational status of p38, specifically progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), in a group of severely injured trauma patients. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA To date, therapeutic manipulation of the host immunoinflammatory response has not affected the outcome of patients with MODS. A major concern is the inability to identify the patient most at risk so as to enable early intervention. METHODS Nineteen trauma patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Cells obtained were plated, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then harvested at varying time points after stimulation. p38 was evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS Nineteen patients were categorized into two groups according to baseline and LPS-stimulated p38 activation in cells obtained by BAL. Group 1 demonstrated a 10-fold increase in p38 activation with LPS treatment over unstimulated controls. Group 2 had high baseline levels of p38 that were unresponsive to subsequent LPS stimulation. Both groups were similar with respect to age, gender, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90), Injury Severity Score, APACHE II, lactate levels, base deficit, blood transfusions, and the cell differential of BAL fluid. However, patients in group 2 had a greater incidence of progression to MODS as defined by the Marshall MOD score, a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer stay in the intensive care unit, and a longer overall hospital stay than group 1. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the prognostic significance of p38 activation in predicting outcome in critically ill trauma patients. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that trauma populations identical by current scoring systems contain a mixture of patients with markedly different outcomes as identified by p38 activation. Measurement of p38 may enable early identification of a subgroup of patients at increased risk for MODS to permit effective therapeutic intervention.
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Murray PT, Le Gall JR, Dos Reis Miranda D, Pinsky MR, Tetta C. Physiologic endpoints (efficacy) for acute renal failure studies. Curr Opin Crit Care 2002; 8:519-25. [PMID: 12454536 DOI: 10.1097/00075198-200212000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute renal failure research has been hampered by the lack of useful physiologic surrogate endpoints. Acute renal failure prevention and therapy studies using variables such as urine output and serum and urine chemistries have not yielded interventions proven to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with acute renal dysfunction. Of those interventions that have been successful in smaller, phase II-level efficacy studies, none subsequently decreased the incidence of clinical (effectiveness) endpoints such as dialysis requirement or mortality in larger phase III trials. Suitable physiologic endpoints are needed to test the efficacy of new proposed therapies for the prevention and management of acute renal failure. Candidate endpoints for efficacy studies in acute renal failure prevention and management include glomerular filtration rate markers, renal blood flow, urine markers, and urine output. Possible endpoints for efficacy studies of renal replacement therapy in acute renal failure include serum markers of renal function and a variety of nonrenal markers. In this article, we present an approach to the choice of physiologic endpoints to determine the efficacy of interventions in acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Itou T, Shoji Y, Shiraishi R, Sugisawa H, Endo T, Inoue Y, Sakai T. Priming of dolphin neutrophil respiratory burst by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 26:675-679. [PMID: 12074931 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of recombinant dolphin tumor necrosis factor alpha (rdoTNFalpha) on the respiratory burst activity of dolphin neutrophils. rdoTNFalpha enhanced the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response of dolphin neutrophils induced by concanavalin-A, opsonized zymosan, and heated plasma, but not that induced by phorbol myristate acetate. The TNF-associated priming activity was concentration- and preincubation time-dependent, and heat-instable. These data suggest that, as in human neutrophils, TNFalpha enhances the respiratory burst in dolphin neutrophils that follows short-term incubation with various receptor-mediated agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Itou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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31
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Dayal SD, Hauser CJ, Feketeova E, Fekete Z, Adams JM, Lu Q, Xu DZ, Zaets S, Deitch EA. Shock mesenteric lymph-induced rat polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation and endothelial cell injury is mediated by aqueous factors. THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 2002; 52:1048-55; discussion 1055. [PMID: 12045629 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200206000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS), mesenteric lymph (ML) activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), injures endothelial cells (ECs), and predisposes to lung injury. The involved mediators, however, are unknown. We studied the ability of aqueous (AQ) and lipid (LIP) extracts of rat T/HS ML to activate PMNs and injure ECs. METHODS ML was collected from male rats undergoing trauma (laparotomy) plus hemorrhagic shock (30 mm Hg, 90 minutes) or sham shock. AQ and LIP ML fractions were separated using the Bligh-Dyer technique. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated 18 hours in 5% LIP or AQ lymph fractions and viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Rat PMNs incubated 5 minutes with 3% LIP or AQ fractions were assessed for respiratory burst (RB) and cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) using dihydrorhodamine 123 and fura-2AM. Human PMN responses to AQ and LIP T/HS lymph were studied similarly. RESULTS EC incubated in AQ showed 19 +/- 4% viability as compared with 65 +/- 11% in LIP (p < 0.001). Whole lymph affected ECs comparably to AQ T/HS lymph. Rat PMN basal [Ca(2+)](i) increased after exposure to AQ but not LIP T/HS lymph extracts. AQ T/HS lymph primed [Ca(2+)](i) responses to macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and platelet-activating factor; neither LIP T/HS nor any trauma and sham shock lymph fraction caused PMN priming. Rat PMN RB was elevated after AQ T/HS lymph incubation when compared with buffer (610 +/- 122 U/s vs. 225 +/- 38 U/s, p = 0.01). Rat PMN incubation in LIP T/HS lymph caused minimal activation (289 +/- 28 U/s, p = NS). Conversely, human PMN showed [Ca(2+)](i) and RB priming by rat T/HS LIP and not AQ extracts. CONCLUSION T/HS mesenteric lymph contains multiple biologically active mediators. Both AQ and LIP extracts of T/HS lymph are toxic to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, with AQ more active than LIP. Only AQ T/HS lymph activates rat PMNs, although LIP rat lymph extract activates human PMNs. These findings demonstrate the complex nature of gut lymph-derived biologic factors as well as species-specific differences on PMN and EC physiology. Therapies directed at any one specific molecule or mediator are therefore unlikely to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswati D Dayal
- Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Bacterial Toxin N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine Acutely Contracts Human and Rabbit Detrusor Through the Release of Eicosanoids. J Urol 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200206000-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SCHWARZ NICOLAST, JUNG SUKYOUNG, KALFF JÖRGC, CHANCELLOR MICHAEL, BAUER ANTHONYJ. Bacterial Toxin N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine Acutely Contracts Human and Rabbit Detrusor Through the Release of Eicosanoids. J Urol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NICOLAS T. SCHWARZ
- From the Departments of Surgery, Urology and Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - SUK YOUNG JUNG
- From the Departments of Surgery, Urology and Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - JÖRG C. KALFF
- From the Departments of Surgery, Urology and Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - MICHAEL CHANCELLOR
- From the Departments of Surgery, Urology and Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - ANTHONY J. BAUER
- From the Departments of Surgery, Urology and Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Drost EM, MacNee W. Potential role of IL-8, platelet-activating factor and TNF-alpha in the sequestration of neutrophils in the lung: effects on neutrophil deformability, adhesion receptor expression, and chemotaxis. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:393-403. [PMID: 11813158 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200202)32:2<393::aid-immu393>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature of the normal lung contains a pool of sequestered neutrophils, which is markedly enhanced in acute lung inflammation. Lung neutrophil sequestration is determined by the cells' deformability and adhesivity to capillary endothelium, and is a pre-requisite for emigration into the airspaces. We assessed the effect of several pro-inflammatory mediators associated with acute lung inflammation on these factors. Platelet-activating factor, IL-8 and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) induced a marked, but transient reduction in neutrophil deformability. Also, increased surface expression of the beta(2)-integrin and CD11b, and shedding of L-selectin (CD62L) was observed for these stimuli. TNF-alpha in contrast caused a small decrease in cell deformability only after 30 min, and shedding of L-selectin, but no change in CD11b levels. However, TNF-alpha-pretreatment markedly enhanced the fMLP response for cell deformability, CD11b expression and CD62L loss. Moreover, all pre-treatments were found to induce chemokinesis, and all except fMLP, enhanced fMLP-directed chemotaxis. We were able to demonstrate, using specific TNF-alpha receptor antagonists, that the TNF-alpha-induced changes in chemotaxis were mediated through the 55-kDa receptor. Also, inhibitors of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway showed that the p38 MAP kinase pathway was involved for fMLP-directed chemotaxis of TNF-pretreated neutrophils, although activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was also seen. These data demonstrate the differential role of pro-inflammatory mediators in controlling neutrophil sequestration and migration, which may orchestrate the severity of the inflammatory response in such respiratory diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Drost
- Edinburgh Lung and Environmental Group Initiative (ELEGI)/Colt Laboratories, Department of Medical and Radiological Sciences, Wilkie Building, The Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
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Mariano F, Tetta C, Guida G, Triolo G, Camussi G. Hemofiltration reduces the serum priming activity on neutrophil chemiluminescence in septic patients. Kidney Int 2001; 60:1598-605. [PMID: 11576379 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Priming of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response has been implicated in the activation of oxidative burst and tissue injury in patients with septic shock and acute renal failure (ARF). This study evaluated whether hemofiltration (HF) removes substances able to enhance the oxidative burst of PMNs. METHODS Chemiluminescence (CL) priming activity induced by sera and ultrafiltrates of seven patients with septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and ARF (ARF/HF group) and of 10 uremic stable patients (Control/HF group) was evaluated on normal human PMNs stimulated with bacterial formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Patients submitted to HF were studied by determining blood and ultrafiltrate interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and CL priming activity at the beginning (T0), and after four hours (T4) of treatment. RESULTS Preincubation of normal human PMNs with sera and ultrafiltrates from septic patients induced a potent priming of CL activity in subsequent FMLP stimulation. In the ARF/HF group, the prefilter blood concentrations of IL-8 and CL PMN-priming activity significantly decreased during the four hours of HF treatment, with a loss of IL-8 in the ultrafiltrate of 6930 (median, range 4292 to 9282) ng per four hours. PAF detected in the ultrafiltrate and associated with the membrane (7.3 ng, range 1.45 to 9.89) was minimal. In the ARF/HF group, a significantly positive correlation between CL PMN-priming activity and IL-8 concentrations was observed. The CL priming activity in blood and ultrafiltrates was reduced to 55 and 46% by preabsorption with monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-IL-8. In contrast, the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170 did not affect CL priming activity. In the control/HF group, the CL PMN-priming activity was significantly lower than in the ARF/HF group and was independent of IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Sera from septic patients demonstrate an enhanced CL priming activity on PMNs. This activity is reduced by ultrafiltration and is due, at least in part, to ultrafiltered IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mariano
- Department of Area of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, CTO Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Tonks A, Morris RH, Price AJ, Thomas AW, Jones KP, Jackson SK. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine modulates inflammatory functions of monocytic cells independently of mitogen activated protein kinases. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 124:86-94. [PMID: 11359446 PMCID: PMC1906030 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major phospholipid of pulmonary surfactant and it is hypothesized that PC and its subspecies modulate the functions of alveolar macrophages. The most abundant of these subspecies is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). This study was undertaken to determine the effect of PC on monocyte function using a human monocytic cell line, MonoMac-6 (MM6). This study showed that preincubation of MM6 cells with DPPC at 125 microg/ml for 2 h inhibited the oxidative response to either zymosan or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) by 30% (P < 0.001). This inhibition with DPPC was independent of LPS priming. When DPPC was replaced with 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine (PAPC) there was no inhibition and in contrast a significant increase in oxidant production was observed. We also demonstrated that total PC (tPC; a heterogeneous species of PC from egg) and DPPC but not PAPC significantly inhibited the release of TNF-alpha from MM6 cells (P < 0.05). DPPC did not inhibit phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p44/p42 or p38 in stimulated cells. Measurements of membrane fluidity with spin label EPR spectroscopy indicate that DPPC incorporation significantly alters the membrane fluidity of MM6 cells. These results suggest that DPPC, the major component of pulmonary surfactant, may play a role in modulating leucocyte inflammatory responses in the lung. This may in part be related to membrane effects but does not include alterations in p44/p42 or p38 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tonks
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK
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Adams JM, Hauser CJ, Fekete Z, Livingston DH, Deitch EA. G-protein receptor responses in trauma neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 2000; 49:1096-101. [PMID: 11130495 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200012000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma modulates polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function, predisposing to organ failure and infection. Many chemoattractants released by injury activate PMNs via G-protein-coupled (GPC) receptors, which elevate PMN cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i). Nonetheless, PMN GPC receptor function after injury is unstudied. METHODS PMNs from 11 major trauma patients (Injury Severity Score = 31 +/- 3, eight men and three women, age = 38 +/- 3) were obtained on days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. Nine developed organ failure and one died. PMNs were exposed to interleukin-8 (IL-8), growth regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) to stimulate the CXCR1, CXCR2, and PAF receptors. [Ca2+]i flux measurements were used to quantify receptor responses. Receptor responses to individual as well as serial GPC agonists were studied over the week after injury and compared with the responses of PMNs from healthy volunteers (n = 10-23). Results were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, and paired and unpaired t tests. RESULTS Responses to GRO-alpha and PAF were significantly depressed early after injury (p < 0.01). Responses to all agonists tested tended to be lowest on day 1, to peak on day 3, and to decrease again by day 7, but variations in response to GRO-alpha were the most marked (p < 0.03, analysis of variance). Whereas GRO-alpha primed IL-8 and IL-8 primed PAF in normal PMNs, GRO-alpha paradoxically suppressed IL-8 responses and IL-8 suppressed PAF responses in trauma PMNs. PAF priming of IL-8 responses was unaffected by injury. CONCLUSION Receptor responses to individual GPC agonists are suppressed early after trauma, but increase by day 3. Normal chemokine priming of PMN calcium mobilization is reversed by injury; priming by PAF is intact. PMN GPC responses depend on the sequence in which agonists are encountered. Injury appears to alter these interactions, thus priming some aspects of PMN function while simultaneously suppressing others.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Area Under Curve
- Calcium/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Chemokine CXCL1
- Chemokines, CXC
- Chemotactic Factors/genetics
- Chemotactic Factors/pharmacology
- Female
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Growth Substances/pharmacology
- Humans
- Injury Severity Score
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Interleukin-8/pharmacology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Cytokine/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/drug effects
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/drug effects
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Wounds and Injuries/blood
- Wounds and Injuries/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Adams
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
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Duffy AJ, Nolan B, Sheth K, Collette H, De M, Bankey PE. Inhibition of alveolar neutrophil immigration in endotoxemia is macrophage inflammatory protein 2 independent. J Surg Res 2000; 90:51-7. [PMID: 10781375 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered transendothelial migration and delayed apoptosis of neutrophils (PMN) have been implicated as contributing to infection in patients with gram-negative sepsis. Macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) signals PMN immigration and may alter other PMN functions. We tested the hypothesis that sequential endotoxin challenge in vivo alters PMN apoptosis and chemotactic responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endotoxemia was induced in male Wistar rats (250 g) via intraperitoneal (IP) administration of LPS (4 mg/kg). After 18 h, intratracheal (IT) injection of LPS (400 microg/kg) was performed. Control animals received saline injections. Four hours after IT-LPS, circulating and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) PMN were isolated. PMN yields were calculated, and apoptosis was quantified after 18 h in culture by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate FACS analysis. BAL MIP-2 concentrations were determined by ELISA. PMN chemotaxis to MIP-2 and IL-8 was determined using a fluorescent in vitro migration assay. RESULTS Endotoxemia (IP-LPS) significantly decreases BAL PMN yield in response to an in vivo IT-LPS challenge. IT-LPS inhibits BAL PMN apoptosis to the same extent as sequential IP/IT-LPS. Alveolar MIP-2 concentrations are similar in the two groups. In vitro migration to IL-8 and MIP-2 was inhibited in PMN from endotoxemic versus control animals. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that endotoxemia inhibits PMN migration despite similar MIP-2 concentrations in the alveolus. Sequential insults do not affect the inhibition of apoptosis. In vitro, PMN from endotoxemic animals display impaired chemotaxis to MIP-2 and interleukin-8. This may result in an inadequate host defense that contributes to increased ICU-acquired pneumonia in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Duffy
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Abstract
A stress-activated serine/threonine protein kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), belongs to the MAP kinase superfamily. Diverse extracellular stimuli, including ultraviolet light, irradiation, heat shock, high osmotic stress, proinflammatory cytokines and certain mitogens, trigger a stress-regulated protein kinase cascade culminating in activation of p38 MAPK through phosphorylation on a TGY motif within the kinase activation loop. p38 MAPK appears to play a major role in apoptosis, cytokine production, transcriptional regulation, and cytoskeletal reorganization, and has been causally implicated in sepsis, ischemic heart disease, arthritis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and Alzheimer's disease. The availability of specific inhibitors helps to clarify the role that p38 MAPK plays in these processes, and may ultimately offer therapeutic benefit for certain critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Obata
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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