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Roy N, Schädler V, Lehn JM. Supramolecular Polymers: Inherently Dynamic Materials. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:349-361. [PMID: 38277510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSince its inception in the early 1990s, the field of supramolecular polymers (SPs) has grown into an interdisciplinary field of chemistry. It expanded from the self-assembly of molecular building blocks based on H-bonding into the realm of complex dynamic material, encompassing both supramolecular noncovalent and molecular covalent regimes. It has paved the path for a more diverse field of research into a new class of polymeric materials, coined dynamic polymers or dynamers. Dynamers are bringing a paradigm shift not only in material science research but also in a broad field of applications from self-healing materials to biocompatible polymeric materials. The present Account presents the evolution of supramolecular polymer chemistry from simple linear polymeric chains to complex dynamic polymers imparting novel functional properties, such as component exchange and self-healing. We explore how SPs led to materials of increasing complexity, starting from simple main-chain polymers to the formation of more complex columnar SPs and lateral SPs. The field has experienced three partially overlapping periods. The main goal was first the generation of polymeric entities from various molecular components connected through noncovalent interactions, especially complementary hydrogen bonding recognition patterns as well as stacked columnar SPs. Thereafter, attention was directed in parallel to the exploration of the properties of SPs and their applications as novel materials. In a third period, the dynamic properties of supramolecular polymers were explored, taking advantage of the lability of noncovalent interactions to perform component rearrangement and exchange. We illustrate how the field of SPs has emerged as a multidisciplinary field of chemistry, biology, and materials science with selected examples from the literature. The SPs, specifically dynamic owing to their inherent reversibility, also pave the path to easier sorting and recycling, as desired in the plastics industry.One of the biggest challenges that the plastics industry is facing today is the end-of-life fate of plastics. Plastics that cannot be recycled end up in landfills or are improperly disposed of in rivers and oceans, polluting and damaging the environmental balance irreversibly. Dynamic polymeric materials presenting inherent dynamicity could pave the way for addressing this long-standing challenge of nonrecyclability of plastics. Dynamers formed via noncovalent interactions or reversible covalent bonds can be broken into components that could be easily recycled and reused. Therefore, dynamers could play a pivotal role toward closing the loop for the plastics industry and provide a solution to an elusive circular economy with plastics being an integral part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Roy
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, 60 Elastogranstrasse, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Volker Schädler
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, 60 Elastogranstrasse, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Self-Assembly of Alkylamido Isophthalic Acids toward the Design of a Supergelator: Phase-Selective Gelation and Dye Adsorption. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050285. [PMID: 35621583 PMCID: PMC9140382 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 5-alkylamido isophthalic acid (ISA) derivatives with varying single and twin alkyl chain lengths were designed and synthesized as potential supramolecular organogelators. 5-alkylamido ISAs with linear or branched alkyl tail-groups of different lengths were effective gelators for low polarity solvents. In particular, among the presented series, a derivative with a branched, 24 carbon atom tail-group behaves as a “supergelator” with up to twenty organic solvents forming gels that are highly stable over time. The gelation behavior was analyzed using Hansen solubility parameters, and the thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of select gels were characterized. Microscopy, spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and computer modeling studies were consistent with a hierarchical self-assembly process involving the formation of cyclic H-bonded hexamers via the ISA carboxylic acid groups, which stack into elementary fibers stabilized by H-bonding of the amide linker groups and π–π stacking of the aromatic groups. These new nanomaterials exhibited potential for the phase-selective gelation of oil from oil–water mixtures and dye uptake from contaminated water. The work expands upon the design and synthesis of supramolecular self-assembled nanomaterials and their application in water purification/remediation.
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Patle RY, Meshram JS. The advanced synthetic modifications and applications of multifunctional PAMAM dendritic composites. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The profound advances in dendrimer chemistry have led to new horizons in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Y. Patle
- Mahatma Gandhi College of Science Gadchandur, Chandrapur, (M.S.)-442908, India
- PGTD Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, (M.S.)-440033, India
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Ou Y, Wang A, Zhang F, Hu F. Dendritic Groups Substituted Kekulé‐Benzene‐Bridged Bis(triarylamine) Mixed‐valence Systems: Syntheses, Characterization and Electronic Coupling Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fang Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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Hetmańska M, Maciejewski A. The application of a UHPLC system to study the formation of various chemical species by compounds undergoing efficient self-aggregation and to determine the homodimerization constants (K DM) with values in the high range of 10 6–10 10 M −1. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates a new concept for the use of UHPLC method for identification of the species formed by a self-aggregating compound depending on its concentration and solvent used and to determine homodimerization constants, KDM = 106–1010 M−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hetmańska
- Photochemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Maciejewski
- Photochemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
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Mayoral MJ, Bilbao N, González‐Rodríguez D. Hydrogen-Bonded Macrocyclic Supramolecular Systems in Solution and on Surfaces. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:10-32. [PMID: 27308207 PMCID: PMC4906493 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclization into closed assemblies is the most recurrent approach to realize the noncovalent synthesis of discrete, well-defined nanostructures. This review article particularly focuses on the noncovalent synthesis of monocyclic hydrogen-bonded systems that are self-assembled from a single molecule with two binding-sites. Taking advantage of intramolecular binding events, which are favored with respect to intermolecular binding in solution, can afford quantitative amounts of a given supramolecular species under thermodynamic control. The size of the assembly depends on geometric issues such as the monomer structure and the directionality of the binding interaction, whereas the fidelity achieved relies largely on structural preorganization, low degrees of conformational flexibility, and templating effects. Here, we discuss several examples described in the literature in which cycles of different sizes, from dimers to hexamers, are studied by diverse solution or surface characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Mayoral
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials GroupDepartamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Nerea Bilbao
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials GroupDepartamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - David González‐Rodríguez
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials GroupDepartamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
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7
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Beingessner RL, Fan Y, Fenniri H. Molecular and supramolecular chemistry of rosette nanotubes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic strategies used to tune the properties of a class of supramolecular 1D nanostructures, the rosette nanotubes, are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiwen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northeastern University
- 253 Snell Engineering Center
- Boston
- USA
| | - Hicham Fenniri
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northeastern University
- 253 Snell Engineering Center
- Boston
- USA
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Baram J, Weissman H, Rybtchinski B. Supramolecular Polymer Transformation: A Kinetic Study. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:12068-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507945t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baram
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Boris Rybtchinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Seki T, Lin X, Yagai S. Supramolecular Engineering of Perylene Bisimide Assemblies Based on Complementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonding Interactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Adisoejoso J, Li Y, Liu J, Liu PN, Lin N. Two-Dimensional Metallo-supramolecular Polymerization: Toward Size-Controlled Multi-strand Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18526-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308480x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinne Adisoejoso
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional
Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong
Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional
Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong
Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Trotta F, Biasizzo M, Caldera F. Molecularly imprinted membranes. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:440-77. [PMID: 24958291 PMCID: PMC4021909 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the roots of molecularly imprinted polymers lie in the beginning of 1930s in the past century, they have had an exponential growth only 40-50 years later by the works of Wulff and especially by Mosbach. More recently, it was also proved that molecular imprinted membranes (i.e., polymer thin films) that show recognition properties at molecular level of the template molecule are used in their formation. Different procedures and potential application in separation processes and catalysis are reported. The influences of different parameters on the discrimination abilities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Miriam Biasizzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Zimmerman SC. Azobenzene dye-coupled quadruply hydrogen-bonding modules as colorimetric indicators for supramolecular interactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:486-95. [PMID: 22509220 PMCID: PMC3326628 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The facile coupling of azobenzene dyes to the quadruply hydrogen-bonding modules 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridine (DAN) and 7-deazaguanine urea (DeUG) is described. The coupling of azobenzene dye 2 to mono-amido DAN units 4, 7, and 9 was effected by classic 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP)-catalyzed peptide synthesis with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as activating agent, affording the respective amide products 5, 8, and 10 in 60–71% yield. The amide linkage was formed through either the aliphatic or aromatic ester group of 2, allowing both the flexibility and absorption maximum to be tuned. Azobenzene dye 1 was coupled to the DeUG unit 11 by Steglich esterification to afford the product amide 12 in 35% yield. Alternatively, azobenzene dye 16 underwent a room-temperature copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition with DeUG alkyne 17 to give triazole 18 in 71% yield. Azobenzene coupled DAN modules 5, 8, and 10 are bright orange–red in color, and azobenzene coupled DeUG modules 12 and 18 are orange–yellow in color. Azobenzene coupled DAN and DeUG modules were successfully used as colorimetric indicators for specific DAN–DeUG and DAN–UPy (2-ureido-4(1H)-pyrimidone) quadruply hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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13
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Greenland BW, Hayes W. Hyperbranched Polymers in Supramolecular Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Double-coupling of dibromo arenes with aryltriolborates for synthesis of diaryl-substituted planar frameworks. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Kathiresan M, Walder L. Trimethylenedipyridinium Dendrimers: Synthesis and Sequential Complexation of Anthraquinone Disulfonate in Molecular Shells. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101925x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Kathiresan
- Institute of Chemistry OCII, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 7, Osnabrueck, D 49069, Germany
| | - Lorenz Walder
- Institute of Chemistry OCII, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 7, Osnabrueck, D 49069, Germany
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Xu XD, Yang HB, Zheng YR, Ghosh K, Lyndon MM, Muddiman DC, Stang PJ. Self-Assembly of Dendritic Tris(crown ether) Hexagons and Their Complexation with Dibenzylammonium Cations. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7373-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101648p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China, 200062
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China, 200062
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew M. Lyndon
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Wong CH, Chan WS, Lo CM, Chow HF, Ngai T, Wong KW. Synthesis and Self Assembling Properties of Rod-Like, 2-Ureido-4-pyrimidinone-Based Main Chain Supramolecular Dendronized Polymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101647j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Wong
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wing-Shong Chan
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chui-Man Lo
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellent Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong SAR
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka-Wai Wong
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
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Abstract
The present review deals with the preparation and the properties of star-shaped conjugated compounds. Three, four or six conjugated arms are attached to cross-conjugated cores, which consist of single atoms (B, C+, N), benzene or azine rings or polycyclic ring systems, as for example triphenylene or tristriazolotriazine. Many of these shape-persistent [n]star compounds tend to π-stacking and self-organization, and exhibit interesting properties in materials science: Linear and non-linear optics, electrical conductivity, electroluminescence, formation of liquid crystalline phases, etc.
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Paez JI, Cappelletti AL, Baruzzi AM, Brunetti V, Strumia MC. Preparation, Characterization and Application of Modified Surfaces with 3,5-Bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-amino) benzoic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Paez JI, Strumia MC, Passeggi MC, Ferrón J, Baruzzi AM, Brunetti V. Spontaneous adsorption of 3,5-bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoylamino) benzoic acid onto carbon. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kernag CA, Mcgrath DV. Solution and Thin-Film Aggregation Studies of Octasubstituted Dendritic Phthalocyanines. Isr J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1560/ijc.49.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Misici-Falzi M, Palmieri GF. Colloidal soft matter as drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Baytekin HT, Sahre M, Rang A, Engeser M, Schulz A, Schalley CA. Characterization of self-assembled metallodendrimers in solution, in the gas phase, and at air/solid interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:1823-1834. [PMID: 18752209 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is found that 4,4'-bipyridines functionalized in their 3,3'-positions with Fréchet dendrons of 0th to 3rd generation self-assemble with (dppp)M(II) triflates (dppp: bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; M = Pd, Pt) into metallo-supramolecular squares. They bear a nanometer-sized cavity inside an unpolar dendritic shell. A total of eight amide groups decorate the rims of the cavity connecting the dendrons to the square. Evidence for their formation up to the third generation comes from ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. Based on these results, the presence of significant amounts of other polygons or open-chain oligomers can be excluded. Exchange processes have been studied by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy and by following the ligand exchanges between different squares by mass spectrometry. The ligand exchange is much slower for the Pt(II) squares as compared to their Pd(II) analogs. Visualization of films of these dendrimers using atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides information on their molecular dimensions. After deposition of a square monolayer on the surface, a slow reorganization within this layer is observed which leads to the formation of "tower-like" aggregates and multi-layer formation. The interplay of interactions between the dendrimers and the surface and interactions between different dendrimers are invoked to rationalize the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tarik Baytekin
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Synthesis of liquid crystalline materials based on 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-s-triazine. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Supramolecular Polymers and Networkswith Hydrogen Bonds in the Main- and Side-Chain. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2006_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Nierengarten JF, Hahn U, Trabolsi A, Herschbach H, Cardinali F, Elhabiri M, Leize E, Van Dorsselaer A, Albrecht-Gary AM. Synthesis of Fullerodendrons with an Ammonium Unit at the Focal Point and Their Cooperative Self-Assembly on a Fluorescent Ditopic Crown Ether Receptor. Chemistry 2006; 12:3365-73. [PMID: 16453364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic branches with 1, 2, or 4 peripheral fullerene subunits and an ammonium function at the focal point have been prepared. Their ability to form self-assembled dendritic structures with oligophenylenevinylene receptors bearing one or two crown ether moieties has been evidenced by ES-MS studies for the first time. These supramolecular complexes are multicomponent photoactive devices in which the emission of the central receptor is dramatically quenched by the fullerene units. This new property resulting from the association of the different molecular subunits allowed detailed investigations of the self-assembly process by means of fluorescence titrations. The binding studies have revealed positive cooperative effects for the assembly of the fullerodendrimers with the ditopic receptor. Interestingly, the stability of the supramolecular 2:1 structures increases as the size of the dendritic unit increases. This positive dendritic effect has been explained by the larger number of possible intramolecular fullerene-fullerene interactions between the two dendritic guests when the number of fullerene subunits is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Nierengarten
- Groupe de Chimie des Fullerènes et des Systèmes Conjugués, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Zuccaccia D, Busetto L, Cassani MC, Macchioni A, Mazzoni R. PGSE NMR Studies on DAB-Organo-Rhodium Dendrimers: Evaluation of the Molecular Size, Self-Aggregation Tendency, and Surface Metal Density. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Busetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Cristina Cassani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Matsui M, Tanaka S, Funabiki K, Kitaguchi T. Synthesis, Properties, and Application as Emitters in Organic Electroluminescence Devices of Quinacridone- and Squarylium-Dye-Centred Dendrimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Dendritic molecules constitute one of the most exciting areas of modern nanochemistry, largely as a consequence of the unique properties associated with their branched architectures. This article describes how 'dendritic function' can also be achieved using small, synthetically accessible branched building blocks (individual dendrons) which simply self-assemble via non-covalent interactions to generate dendritic nanoscale architectures with novel behaviour. (a) Using non-covalent interactions at the focal point of a dendron allows the self-assembly of nanometre-sized supramolecular dendrimers around an appropriate template species. Such systems have potential applications in the controlled encapsulation and release of active ingredients. (b) Employing non-covalent intermolecular dendron-dendron interactions can give rise to the hierarchical assembly of nanostructured materials. Such assemblies of dendritic molecules ultimately express their molecular scale information on a macroscopic scale, and therefore have applications in materials science, for example as gels. (c) The multiple surface groups of dendrons are capable of forming multiple interactions with large surfaces, such as those found on biomolecules or in biological systems. Employing multivalent interactions between dendron surfaces and biological molecules opens up the potential application of dendritic systems as medicinal therapies. In summary, dendritic supermolecules offer a potentially cost-effective approach to the future application of dendritic systems to a range of real-world problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UKYO10 5DD.
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31
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Müller R, Allmaier G. Molecular weight determination of ultra-high mass compounds on a standard matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer: PAMAM dendrimer generation 10 and immunoglobulin M. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3803-6. [PMID: 17120275 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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32
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Todd EM, Quinn JR, Park T, Zimmerman SC. Fidelity in the supramolecular assembly of triply and quadruply hydrogen-bonded complexes. Isr J Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1560/dqcj-1k9j-1tbt-dk5m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Use of an Acrylic Dendron-containing Monomer in the Synthesis of a Macroporous Polymeric Material. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11167-005-0355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Ghosh S, Banthia AK, Chen Z. Synthesis and photoresponsive study of azobenzene centered polyamidoamine dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Smith DK, Hirst AR, Love CS, Hardy JG, Brignell SV, Huang B. Self-assembly using dendritic building blocks—towards controllable nanomaterials. Prog Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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37
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Kikuzawa Y, Nagata T. Synthesis and Properties of New, Spatially Relaxed Dendrons Containing Internal Carboxyl Groups. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Marx S, Zaltsman A, Turyan I, Mandler D. Parathion Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol−Gel Films. Anal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac034531s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Marx
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amalya Zaltsman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Iva Turyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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39
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Unimolecular micelles: supramolecular use of dendritic constructs to create versatile molecular containers. CR CHIM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2003.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Corbin PS, Lawless LJ, Li Z, Ma Y, Witmer MJ, Zimmerman SC. Discrete and polymeric self-assembled dendrimers: hydrogen bond-mediated assembly with high stability and high fidelity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:5099-104. [PMID: 11917113 PMCID: PMC122728 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.062641199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bond-mediated self-assembly is a powerful strategy for creating nanoscale structures. However, little is known about the fidelity of assembly processes that must occur when similar and potentially competing hydrogen-bonding motifs are present. Furthermore, there is a continuing need for new modules and strategies that can amplify the relatively weak strength of a hydrogen bond to give more stable assemblies. Herein we report quantitative complexation studies on a ureidodeazapterin-based module revealing an unprecedented stability for dimers of its self-complementary acceptor-acceptor-donor-donor (AADD) array. Linking two such units together with a semirigid spacer that carries a first-, second-, or third-generation Fréchet-type dendron affords a ditopic structure programmed to self assemble. The specific structure that is formed depends both on the size of the dendron and the solvent, but all of the assemblies have exceptionally high stability. The largest discrete nanoscale assembly is a hexamer with a molecular mass of about 17.8 kDa. It is stabilized by 30 hydrogen bonds, including six AADD x DDAA contacts. The hexamer forms and is indefinitely stable in the presence of a hexamer containing six ADD x DAA hydrogen-bonding arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry S Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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