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Dayie TK, Olenginski LT, Taiwo KM. Isotope Labels Combined with Solution NMR Spectroscopy Make Visible the Invisible Conformations of Small-to-Large RNAs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9357-9394. [PMID: 35442658 PMCID: PMC9136934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA is central to the proper function of cellular processes important for life on earth and implicated in various medical dysfunctions. Yet, RNA structural biology lags significantly behind that of proteins, limiting mechanistic understanding of RNA chemical biology. Fortunately, solution NMR spectroscopy can probe the structural dynamics of RNA in solution at atomic resolution, opening the door to their functional understanding. However, NMR analysis of RNA, with only four unique ribonucleotide building blocks, suffers from spectral crowding and broad linewidths, especially as RNAs grow in size. One effective strategy to overcome these challenges is to introduce NMR-active stable isotopes into RNA. However, traditional uniform labeling methods introduce scalar and dipolar couplings that complicate the implementation and analysis of NMR measurements. This challenge can be circumvented with selective isotope labeling. In this review, we outline the development of labeling technologies and their application to study biologically relevant RNAs and their complexes ranging in size from 5 to 300 kDa by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore K. Dayie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lukasz T. Olenginski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kehinde M. Taiwo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Olenginski LT, Taiwo KM, LeBlanc RM, Dayie TK. Isotope-Labeled RNA Building Blocks for NMR Structure and Dynamics Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:5581. [PMID: 34577051 PMCID: PMC8466439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA structural research lags behind that of proteins, preventing a robust understanding of RNA functions. NMR spectroscopy is an apt technique for probing the structures and dynamics of RNA molecules in solution at atomic resolution. Still, RNA analysis by NMR suffers from spectral overlap and line broadening, both of which worsen for larger RNAs. Incorporation of stable isotope labels into RNA has provided several solutions to these challenges. In this review, we summarize the benefits and limitations of various methods used to obtain isotope-labeled RNA building blocks and how they are used to prepare isotope-labeled RNA for NMR structure and dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz T. Olenginski
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.T.O.); (K.M.T.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Kehinde M. Taiwo
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.T.O.); (K.M.T.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Regan M. LeBlanc
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.T.O.); (K.M.T.); (R.M.L.)
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Theodore K. Dayie
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.T.O.); (K.M.T.); (R.M.L.)
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Taniguchi Y, Cao X, Sasaki S. Synthesis of the deuterated thymidine-d and deuterated oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Herdeis L, Thomas S, Bernet B, Vasella A. Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 30. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sawama Y, Yabe Y, Iwata H, Fujiwara Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Stereo- and Regioselective Direct Multi-Deuterium-Labeling Methods for Sugars. Chemistry 2012; 18:16436-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chatterjee A, Hazra AB, Abdelwahed S, Hilmey DG, Begley TP. A "radical dance" in thiamin biosynthesis: mechanistic analysis of the bacterial hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8653-6. [PMID: 20886485 PMCID: PMC3147014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sameh Abdelwahed
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - David G. Hilmey
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Tadhg P. Begley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Chatterjee A, Hazra AB, Abdelwahed S, Hilmey DG, Begley TP. A “Radical Dance” in Thiamin Biosynthesis: Mechanistic Analysis of the Bacterial Hydroxymethylpyrimidine Phosphate Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hennig M, Williamson JR, Brodsky AS, Battiste JL. Recent advances in RNA structure determination by NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 7:Unit 7.7. [PMID: 18428875 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0707s02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the solution of NMR structures of RNA and RNA-ligand complexes, the rate limiting step remains the gathering of a large number of NOE and torsion restraints. Additional sources of information for structure determination of larger RNA molecules have recently become available, and it is possible to supplement NOE and J-coupling data with the measurement of dipolar couplings and cross-correlated relaxation rates in high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hennig
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Földesi A, Maltseva TV, Chattopadhyaya J. Synthesis of2H,13C-Labelled 2′-Deoxynucleosides and Their Site Specific Incorporation into Oligo-DNA for Structural Studies via Relaxation Time Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Földesi A, Yamakage SI, Nilson FP, Maltseva TV, Glemarec C, Chattopadhyaya J. The Application of Uppsala “Nmr-Window” Concept for Conformational Analysis of Biologically Functional Dnas and RNAs by High-Field NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319708002911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Földesi
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - S. I. Yamakage
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - F. P.R. Nilson
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - T. V. Maltseva
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - C. Glemarec
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - J. Chattopadhyaya
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
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Milecki J. Specific labelling of nucleosides and nucleotides with13C and15N. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Földesi A, Trifonova A, Dinya Z, Chattopadhyaya J. Total synthesis of 2',3',4',5',5' '-(2)h(5)-ribonucleosides: the key building blocks for NMR structure elucidation of large RNA. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6560-70. [PMID: 11578205 DOI: 10.1021/jo010097n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diastereospecific chemical syntheses of uridine-2',3',4',5',5' '-(2)H(5) (21a), adenosine-2',3',4',5',5' '-(2)H(5) (21b), cytidine-2',3',4',5',5' '-(2)H(5)(2)H(5) (21c), and guanosine-2',3',4',5',5' '-(2)H(5) (21d) (>97 atom % (2)H at C2', C3', C4', and C5'/C5' ') have been achieved for their use in the solution NMR structure determination of oligo-RNA by the Uppsala "NMR-window" concept (refs 4a-c, 5a, 6), in which a small (1)H segment is NMR-visible, while the rest is made NMR-invisible by incorporation of the deuterated blocks 21a-d. The deuterated ribonucleosides 21a-d have been prepared by the condensation of appropriately protected aglycone with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-(4-toluoyl)-alpha/beta-D-ribofuranose-2,3,4,5,5'-(2)H(5) (19), which has been obtained via diastereospecific deuterium incorporation at the C2 center of appropriate D-ribose-(2)H(4) derivatives either through an oxidation-reduction-inversion sequence or a one-step deuterium-proton exchange in high overall yield (44% and 24%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Földesi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Centre, University of Uppsala, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Milecki J, Földesi A, Fischer A, Adamiak RW, Chattopadhyaya J. Synthesis of multiply labelled ribonucleosides for sequence-specific labelling of oligo-RNA. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kundu MK, Trifonova A, Dinya Z, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. Synthetic studies to improve the deuterium labelling in nucleosides for facilitating structural studies of large RNAs by high-field NMR spectroscopy. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:1333-7. [PMID: 11563016 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies to prepare ribonucleosides deuterated at C2' and the application of the developed procedures for the synthesis of 2H5-ribonucleosides from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-benzyl-ribofuranose-3,4,5,5'-2H4 have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kundu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zamaratski E, Trifonova A, Acharya P, Isaksson J, Maltseva T, Chattopadhayaya J. Do the 16 mer, 5'-GUGGUCUGAUGAGGCC-3' and the 25 mer, 5'-GGCCGAAACUCGUAAGAGUCACCAC-3', form a hammerhead ribozyme structure in physiological conditions? An NMR and UV thermodynamic study. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:1219-23. [PMID: 11562989 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In a wide range of salt concentrations, 10-30 mM phosphate buffer containing up to 0.5 M Li2SO4 and 300 mM NaCl, 7.5 mM Mg2+, pH 5.5-7.5, a mixture of the 16 mer and the 25 mer RNA strands does not form a hammerhead in any amount detectable by NMR at 600 MHz. The imino-, amino-, aromatic- and anomeric protons in the NMR spectra of both the 16 mer and the 25 mer RNA have been assigned separately. Both the 16 mer and the 25 mer RNA both take up very stable hairpin structures, and when mixed together there is no major change of conformation in neither oligo-RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zamaratski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Földesi A, Trifonova A, Kundu MK, Chattopadhyaya J. The synthesis of deuterionucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:1615-56. [PMID: 11200263 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008045450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of deuterionucleosides for site-specific incorporation into oligo-DNA or -RAA is herein reviewed for NMR or biological studies. The review covers the following aspects: (i) deuteration of the aglycone; (ii) single-site chemical deuteration of the sugar residues; (iii) multiple-site chemical deuteration of the sugar residues; (iv) enzymatic synthesis of deuterated nucleosides or nucleotides; and (v) synthesis of labelled nucleosides with multiple isotopes
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Affiliation(s)
- A Földesi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
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Maltseva T, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. The identification of the A-type RNA helices in a 55mer RNA by selective incorporation of deuterium-labelled nucleotide residues (Uppsala NMR-window concept). JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2000; 42:153-78. [PMID: 10737221 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(99)00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The 55-nt long RNA, modelling a three-way junction, with non-uniformly incorporated deuterated nucleotides has been synthesised in a pure form. The NMR-window part in this partially deuterated 55mer RNA consists of natural non-enriched nucleotide blocks at the three-way junction (shown in a square box in Fig. 2), whereas all other nucleotides of the rest of the molecule are partially deuterated (> 97 atom% 2H at C2', C3', C5', C5, and approximately 50 atom% 2H at C4'). The secondary structure of this 55mer RNA was determined by 2D 1H NOESY spectroscopy in D2O or in 10% D2O-H2O mixture. The use of deuterated building blocks in the specific region of the 55mer RNA allowed us to identify two distinct A-type RNA helices in a straightforward manner by observing connectivities of H1' with the basepaired imino and the aromatic H2 of all adenosine nucleotides as the first step for the determination of its tertiary structure in a cost- and time-effective manner without employing any 13C/15N labelling. These two decameric helices involve 40 nucleotides, for which all non-exchangeable H1', H6, H2, H8 and H5 protons (all 40 H1', all 40 H6 or H8 aromatics, all seven H2 of adenine nucleotide and all four non-deuterated H5 of cytosines) as well as all 16 exchangeable imino protons (with the exception of four terminal basepairs) and 16 amino protons of cytosines have been assigned. Since all aromatic-H2', H3' as well as H5'/5'' crosspeaks from partially deuterated residues have been eliminated from the NMR spectra, the observation of natural nucleotide residues in the NMR window part has essentially been simplified. It has been found that the crosspeaks from the natural nucleotides located at the three-way junction in the NMR-window part show different degrees of line-broadening, thereby indicating that the various nucleotide residues have very different mobilities with respect to themselves as well as compared to other nucleotides in the helices. The assignment of H2' and H3' in the NMR-window part has been made based on NOESY and DQF-COSY crosspeaks. It is noteworthy that, even in this preliminary study, it has been possible to identify 10 H2' out of total 14 and 9 H3' out of 14. The data show that expanded AU containing a tract of 55mer RNA does not self-organise into a tight third helix, as the two decameric A-type helices, across the three-way junction which is evident from the absence of any additional imino protons, except those that already have been assigned for the two decameric helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maltseva
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Földesi A, Trifonova A, Dinya Z, Chattopadhyaya J. Selective cleavage of the O6-diphenylcarbamoyl group from sugar-modified guanosines for incorporation into oligo-RNA. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Milecki J, Zamaratski E, Maltseva TV, Földesi A, Adamiak RW, Chattopadhyaya J. The first example of sequence-specific non-uniformly 13C5 labelled RNA: Synthesis of the 29mer HIV-1 TAR RNA with 13C Relaxation Window. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maltseva TV, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. Partially-deuterated oligo-DNA reduces overcrowding, enhances resolution and sensitivity and provide improved NMR constraints for structure elucidation of oligo-DNA. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Földesi A, Maltseva TV, Dinya Z, Chattopadhyaya J. Synthesis of partially-deuterated 2′-deoxyribonucleoside blocks and their incorporation into an oligo-DNA for simplification of overcrowding and selective enhancement of resolution and sensitivity in the 1H-NMR spectra. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Louis JM, Martin RG, Clore GM, Gronenborn AM. Preparation of uniformly isotope-labeled DNA oligonucleotides for NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:2374-8. [PMID: 9442084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two methods for the large scale preparation of uniformly isotope-labeled DNA for NMR studies have been developed. The first method comprises the growth of a suitable plasmid harboring multiple copies of the desired oligonucleotide in a medium based on 15N and 13C nutrients. The second method uses a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approach with 15N- and/or 13C-labeled deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The novelty of our PCR strategy over existing ones is that the primer and template are the identical molecule, resulting in an exponential growth in the length of the double strand that contains tandem repeats of the target DNA sequence. This novel PCR approach, which we have termed ESRA for endonuclease-sensitive repeat amplification, is easy to use, results in high yields, and can be accomplished at low costs. The utility of both methods is demonstrated for the preparation of a double-stranded 21-mer uniformly labeled with 15N and a double-stranded 17-mer DNA uniformly labeled with 15N and 13C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Louis
- Laboratories of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA
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Tolbert TJ, Williamson JR. Preparation of Specifically Deuterated and 13C-Labeled RNA for NMR Studies Using Enzymatic Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9725054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Tolbert
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - James R. Williamson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Thibaudeau C, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. The first experimental evidence for a larger medium-dependent flexibility of natural β--nucleosides compared to the α--nucleosides. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Tolbert TJ, Williamson JR. Preparation of Specifically Deuterated RNA for NMR Studies Using a Combination of Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961274i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Tolbert
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - James R. Williamson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Földesi A, Yamakage SI, Nilsson FP, Maltseva TV, Chattopadhyaya J. The use of non-uniform deuterium labelling ['NMR-window'] to study the NMR structure of a 21mer RNA hairpin. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:1187-94. [PMID: 8614618 PMCID: PMC145781 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.7.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The first synthesis of a non-uniformly deuterium labelled 21mer RNA is reported using our 'NMR-window' concept, showing its unique application in the unambiguous NMR assignment of the non-exchangeable aromatic and sugar protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Földesi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
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28
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Partially-deuterated nucleotide residues in large DNA duplex simplify the spectral overlap and provide both the J-coupling and nOe informations by the “NMR-window” approach. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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