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Xu G, Chen L. Biological Activities and Ecological Significance of Fire Ant Venom Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:439. [PMID: 37505709 PMCID: PMC10467088 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Venoms produced by arthropods act as chemical weapons to paralyze prey or deter competitors. The utilization of venom is an essential feature in the biology and ecology of venomous arthropods. Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are medically important venomous ants. They have acquired different patterns of venom use to maximize their competitive advantages rendered by the venom when facing different challenges. The major components of fire ant venom are piperidine alkaloids, which have strong insecticidal and antibiotic activities. The alkaloids protect fire ants from pathogens over the course of their lives and can be used to defend them from predators and competitors. They are also utilized by some of the fire ants' natural enemies, such as phorid flies to locate host ants. Collectively, these ants' diverse alkaloid compositions and functions have ecological significance for their survival, successful invasion, and rapid range expansion. The venom alkaloids with powerful biological activities may have played an important role in shaping the assembly of communities in both native and introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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2
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Wu X, Wang G, Xu G, Chen L. Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Fire Ant Venom Alkaloid-Based 2-Methyl-6-alkyl-Δ 1,6-piperideines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031107. [PMID: 35164372 PMCID: PMC8838720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
2,6-dialkylpiperideines found in the venom of Solenopsis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fire ants are a range of compounds possessing various biological activities. A series of racemic 2-methyl-6-alkyl-Δ1,6-piperideines were synthesized for chemical confirmation of the natural products found in fire ant venom, and the evaluation of their biological activity. Synthetic Δ1,6-piperideines and the natural compounds in the cis-alkaloid fraction of Solenopsis invicta had identical mass spectra and retention times. Their insecticidal activities against the third-instar larvae of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) were evaluated by using injection and topical application methods. All three compounds exhibited no lethal effect at concentrations of 0.05–0.4 mol/L by topical treatment, but moderate lethal effect at 0.4 mol/L through injection treatment. Compound 6a showed significantly higher activity than the natural insecticide nicotine. The differences in activity among compounds 6b, 6c and nicotine were not significant. The elongation of the carbon chain at the 6-position of the piperideine ring appears to decrease insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Guangyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (G.W.); (G.X.)
| | - Guangxin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (G.W.); (G.X.)
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (G.W.); (G.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-312-517-3620
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3
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Sirvent A, Foubelo F, Yus M. Stereoselective Synthesis of δ- and ε-Amino Ketone Derivatives from N- tert-Butanesulfinyl Aldimines and Functionalized Organolithium Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216503. [PMID: 34770911 PMCID: PMC8587840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of functionalized organolithium compounds derived from 5-chloro-2-methoxy-1-pentene and 6-chloro-2-methoxy-1-hexene to N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines imines, and a subsequent hydrolysis of the enol ether moiety, yielded different δ- and ε-amino ketone derivatives, respectively, in moderate yields and diastereoselectivities. The application of these compounds in organic synthesis was demonstrated by the preparation of 2-substituted 6-methylpiperidines in a stereoselective manner, among them natural alkaloids (+)- and (−)-isosolenopsin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sirvent
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.Y.); Tel.: +34-965909672 (F.F.)
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.Y.); Tel.: +34-965909672 (F.F.)
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Heravi MM, Abedian‐Dehaghani N, Zadsirjan V, Rangraz Y. Catalytic Function of Cu (I) and Cu (II) in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Abedian‐Dehaghani
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Yalda Rangraz
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
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Suzuki K, Hattori Y, Kawamura A, Makabe H. Synthesis of (+)-solenopsin via Pd-catalyzed N-alkylation and cyclization. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:223-227. [PMID: 33604634 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of (+)-solenopsin, a 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloid, isolated from fire ants (Solenopsis), was achieved. Stereoselective construction of trans-2,6-piperidine ring moiety was performed using palladium-catalyzed cyclization. Chain elongation using Grubbs 2nd catalyst followed by the reduction of double bond and the deprotection of the Cbz group afforded (+)-solenopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawamura
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Makabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
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6
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Uko NE, Güner OF, Matesic DF, Bowen JP. Akt Pathway Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:883-900. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200224101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that has plagued humans from ancient times to this day. After
decades of slow research progress, promising drug development, and the identification of new targets,
the war on cancer was launched, in 1972. The P13K/Akt pathway is a growth-regulating cellular signaling
pathway, which in many human cancers is over-activated. Studies have demonstrated that a decrease
in Akt activity by Akt inhibitors is associated with a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. There have
been several promising drug candidates that have been studied, including but not limited to ipatasertib
(RG7440), 1; afuresertib (GSK2110183), 2; uprosertib (GSK2141795), 3; capivasertib (AZD5363), 4;
which reportedly bind to the ATP active site and inhibit Akt activity, thus exerting cytotoxic and antiproliferative
activities against human cancer cells. For most of the compounds discussed in this review,
data from preclinical studies in various cancers suggest a mechanistic basis involving hyperactivated
Akt signaling. Allosteric inhibitors are also known to alter the activity of kinases. Perifosine (KRX-
0401), 5, an alkylphospholipid, is known as the first allosteric Akt inhibitor to enter clinical development
and is mechanistically characterized as a PH-domain dependent inhibitor, non-competitive with
ATP. This results in a reduction in Akt enzymatic and cellular activities. Other small molecule (MK-
2206, 6, PHT-427, Akti-1/2) inhibitors with a similar mechanism of action, alter Akt activity through the
suppression of cell growth mediated by the inhibition of Akt membrane localization and subsequent activation.
The natural product solenopsin has been identified as an inhibitor of Akt. A few promising solenopsin
derivatives have emerged through pharmacophore modeling, energy-based calculations, and
property predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nne E. Uko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Osman F. Güner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, CA, United States
| | - Diane F. Matesic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - J. Phillip Bowen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
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Ou W, Lu GS, An D, Han F, Huang PQ. Two-Step Catalytic Transformation of N
-Benzyllactams to Alkaloids (±)-Solenopsin, (±)-Solenopsin A, and (+)-Julifloridine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Guang-Sheng Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Li XC, Zhao JH. Pyridine Alkaloids in the Venom of Imported Fire Ants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11388-11395. [PMID: 31536348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Venomous imported fire ants cause significant medical problems. Alkaloids are an important component of imported fire ant venom. Piperidine and piperideine alkaloids have been identified in fire ant venom. In this study, we studied the venom alkaloids of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel, and the hybrid, S. invicta × S. richteri. Pyridine alkaloids were detected the first time in fire ants using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The thermal desorption process was manipulated to facilitate the isolation and identification of pyridine alkaloids that were coeluted with piperidine or piperideine alkaloids in GC. After SPME extraction of ant venom, we conducted a series of consecutive GC-MS injections, each with a partial desorption. Hidden pyridine alkaloid peaks were revealed after the overlapping piperidine or piperidiene alkaloid peaks had been desorbed. Using this approach, 10 2-methyl-6-alkyl (or alkenyl)pyridines (1-10) were found the first time in the venom of imported fire ants. Structures of three pyridine alkaloids were confirmed by synthesis, including 2-methyl-6-undecylpyridine (1), 2-methyl-6-tridecylpyridine (7), and 2-methyl-6-pentadecylpyridine (10). We also developed a silica gel column chromatography method to separate the pyridine alkaloids from other alkaloids. Using column chromatography and GC-MS with single ion monitoring at 107 m/z, five pyridine alkaloids were quantified for both workers and female alates of S. invicta and S. richteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- USDA-ARS, National Biological Control Laboratory , 59 Lee Road , Stoneville , Mississippi 38776 , United States
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Jin-Hao Zhao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
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Bell JD, Harkiss AH, Wellaway CR, Sutherland A. Stereoselective synthesis of 2,6-trans-4-oxopiperidines using an acid-mediated 6-endo-trig cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6410-6422. [PMID: 30011344 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An acid-mediated 6-endo-trig cyclisation of amine-substituted enones has been developed for the stereoselective synthesis of trans-6-alkyl-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidines. Performed under conditions that prevent removal of the Boc-protecting group or acetal formation, the key cyclisation was found to generate cleanly the 4-oxopiperidine products in high overall yields from a wide range of alkyl substituted enones. The synthetic utility of the trans-6-alkyl-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidines formed from this process was demonstrated with the total synthesis of the quinolizidine alkaloid, (+)-myrtine and the piperidine alkaloid, (-)-solenopsin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bell
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Weaving through a cryptic species: Comparing the Neotropical ants Camponotus senex and Camponotus textor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Micron 2017; 99:56-66. [PMID: 28437732 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Camponotus senex (Fr. Smith 1858) and Camponotus textor Forel, 1899 are commonly confused species in the New World tropics. We provide morphological characteristics based on the larvae and adults, behavioural differences, together with evidence from molecular markers (cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, venom differences, nuclear ribosomal ITS-1, and mtDNA COI sequence comparisons) to separate the two species, demonstrating they are not immediately closely related. In conclusion we suggest new reliable morphological characters which can benefit from deeper phenetic analysis, and support the contextual usefulness of non-morphological tools in resolving sibling ant species.
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Shi QH, Hu L, Wang WK, Vander Meer RK, Porter SD, Chen L. Workers and alate queens of Solenopsis geminata share qualitatively similar but quantitatively different venom alkaloid chemistry. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yu YT, Wei HY, Fadamiro HY, Chen L. Quantitative analysis of alkaloidal constituents in imported fire ants by gas chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5907-15. [PMID: 24873743 DOI: 10.1021/jf501423y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A method based on silica gel chromatography and GC-MS/GC-FID analyses was developed for the quantitation of alkaloidal compounds in imported fire ants, Solenopsis richteri, S. invicta, and their hybrid found in the southern United States. The cis and trans alkaloids from fire ant body extracts were successfully separated by silica gel chromatography, identified by GC-MS, and quantitated by GC-FID. Piperideine compounds were eluted together with the cis and trans piperidines, but were well-resolved on a nonpolar GC column. Eight pairs of piperidine isomers and 12 piperideines were quantitated. The ratios of trans alkaloids to corresponding cis isomers ranged from 87 to 378:1 in S. invicta and were significantly higher than in S. richteri and hybrid ants. The results were discussed in relation to the evolution of fire ant venom alkaloids and their role as host location cues for parasitic Pseudacteon phorid flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
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Vu VH, Jouanno LA, Cheignon A, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Sinbandhit S, Hurvois JP. Modified Fry Cyanation of a Chiral Pyridinium Salt: Asymmetric Syntheses of (-)-Coniine and (-)-Solenopsin A. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Simon RC, Fuchs CS, Lechner H, Zepeck F, Kroutil W. Concise Chemoenzymatic Three Step Total Synthesis of Isosolenopsin Through Medium Engineering. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:3397-3402. [PMID: 25191103 PMCID: PMC4151137 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A short and efficient total synthesis of the alkaloid isosolenopsin and its enantiomer has been achieved. The key step was a ω-transaminase-catalysed regioselective monoamination of the diketone pentadecane-2,6-dione, which was obtained in a single step through the application of a Grignard reaction. Initial low conversions in the biotransformation could be overcome by optimisation of the reaction conditions employing suitable cosolvents. In the presence of 20 vol.-% N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or n-heptane the best results were obtained by employing two enantiocomplementary ω-transaminases originating from Arthrobacter at 30–40 °C; under these conditions, conversions of more than 99 % and perfect stereocontrol (ee > 99 %) were achieved. Diastereoselective chemical reduction (H2/Pd/C) of the biocatalytic product gave the target compound. The linear three-step synthesis provided the natural product isosolenopsin in diastereomerically pure form (ee > 99 %, dr = 99:1) with an overall yield of 64 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Horst Lechner
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstraße 28, Karl-Franzens University, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Zepeck
- Sandoz GmbH, Biocatalysis Lab, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250-Kundl / Tirol, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstraße 28, Karl-Franzens University, 8010-Graz, Austria
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Wang W, Cassell RT, Rein KS. The use of Mosher derivatives for the determination of the absolute configuration of substituted isoxazolidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Li S, Jin X, Chen J. Effects of piperidine and piperideine alkaloids from the venom of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on Pythium ultimum Trow growth in vitro and the application of piperideine alkaloids to control cucumber damping-off in the greenhouse. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:1546-1552. [PMID: 22685059 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythium ultimum is a plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses on many economically important crops. Chemical treatment has been used for disease control. In searching for alternatives, venom piperidine and piperideine alkaloids from red imported fire ants were tested against P. ultimum in vitro, and piperideines were employed to control cucumber damping-off in the greenhouse as drench treatments. Results Piperidine and piperideine alkaloids of the red imported fire ant significantly inhibited mycelium growth of P. ultimum. Piperidine alkaloids were stable at both room and elevated temperatures. The inhibitory activity positively correlated with the concentrations of piperidine alkaloids in the medium, and the EC(50) = 17.0 µg ml(-1). Germination of sporangia of P. ultimum was negatively correlated with the concentrations of piperidine alkaloids in the medium, and the EC(50) = 12.3 µg ml(-1). The piperideine alkaloid drenching treatment significantly improved seedling emergence and seedling height of cucumber. CONCLUSION This is the first report describing the use of venom alkaloids from the red imported fire ant to inhibit P. ultimum in the laboratory and the application of piperideine alkaloids to control damping-off disease caused by P. ultimum in the greenhouse. These findings may lead to the development of a new group of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shezeng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
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Chen L, Lu YY, Hu QB, Fadamiro HY. Similarity in venom alkaloid chemistry of alate queens of imported fire ants: implication for hybridization between Solenopsis richteri and S. invicta in the Southern United States. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:702-13. [PMID: 22492489 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Both cis- and trans-2-methyl-6-undecylpiperidines, MC11P, have been previously reported as the major components of the venom of alate queens of the imported fire ants, Solenopsis richteri (black) and S. invicta (red). To identify the minor components of venom alkaloids from alate queens and compare the venom alkaloid chemistry of alate queen of their hybrid (S. richteri×S. invicta) with that of the two parental fire ant species (S. richteri and S. invicta), silica-gel short-column chromatography was utilized for separating cis-stereoisomers of venom alkaloids from trans-stereoisomers. GC/MS Analyses of venom-alkaloid chemistry of alate queens demonstrated that fewer alkaloid peaks were detected in the chromatograms of the alate queens compared to those of workers. Three new compounds, 7, 12, and 13, were detected as minor components in the venom of alate queens of all three fire ant species. Alate queens of hybrid fire ants showed cis- and trans-alkaloid patterns similar to those of the parental species. Similarity in venom-alkaloid chemistry of alate queens of S. richteri and S. invicta, and their hybrid may indicate their reproductive compatibility in the hybrid zone in southern United States, where all three species occur sympatrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Murali R, Chandrasekhar S. Stereocontrolled synthesis of piperidine alkaloids, (−)-241D and (−)-isosolenopsin. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Ant Interactions with Soil Organisms and Associated Semiochemicals. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:728-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pianaro A, Fox EG, Bueno OC, Marsaioli AJ. Rapid configuration analysis of the solenopsins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Haulotte E, Laurent P, Braekman JC. Biosynthesis of Defensive Coccinellidae Alkaloids: Incorporation of Fatty Acids in Adaline, Coccinelline, and Harmonine. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yus M, Carlos González-Gómez J, Medjahdi M, Foubelo F. Enantioselective Synthesis of cis- and trans-2-Methyl-6-nonylpiperidines: Alkaloids Solenopsin and Isosolenopsin. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ratcliffe NA, Mello CB, Garcia ES, Butt TM, Azambuja P. Insect natural products and processes: new treatments for human disease. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 41:747-69. [PMID: 21658450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this overview, some of the more significant recent developments in bioengineering natural products from insects with use or potential use in modern medicine are described, as well as in utilisation of insects as models for studying essential mammalian processes such as immune responses to pathogens. To date, insects have been relatively neglected as sources of modern drugs although they have provided valuable natural products, including honey and silk, for at least 4-7000 years, and have featured in folklore medicine for thousands of years. Particular examples of Insect Folk Medicines will briefly be described which have subsequently led through the application of molecular and bioengineering techniques to the development of bioactive compounds with great potential as pharmaceuticals in modern medicine. Insect products reviewed have been derived from honey, venom, silk, cantharidin, whole insect extracts, maggots, and blood-sucking arthropods. Drug activities detected include powerful antimicrobials against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and HIV, as well as anti-cancer, anti-angiogenesis and anti-coagulant factors and wound healing agents. Finally, the many problems in developing these insect products as human therapeutic drugs are considered and the possible solutions emerging to these problems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Ratcliffe
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil.
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Sateesh Chandra Kumar R, Venkateswar Reddy G, Shankaraiah G, Suresh Babu K, Madhusudana Rao J. Stereoselective synthesis of dendrobate alkaloid (+)-241D and its C-4 epimer. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Interspecific variation of Delta1,6-piperideines in imported fire ants. Toxicon 2010; 55:1181-7. [PMID: 20093136 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Delta(1,6)-piperideines have been recently reported in the venom of the red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren and the black imported fire ants, Solenopsis richteri Forel. However, they have never been quantified in either species. Furthermore, there is no information available about those piperideines in the hybrid imported fire ants (S. invicta x S. richteri). The abundance of six Delta(1,6)-piperideines was investigated in both species and their hybrid using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). They include 2-methyl-6-tridecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-tridecyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-6-piperideine, and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine. S. invicta produced all six Delta(1,6)-piperideines, whereas, S. richteri did not produce 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine. The Delta(1,6)-piperideine profiles of the hybrid was similar to that of S. richteri, except trace amounts of 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine were found in some of the samples. The ratio of 2-methyl-6-pentadecenyl-6-piperideine to 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-6-piperideine (C(15:1)/C(15:0)) was significantly different among two species and their hybrid. In addition to Delta(1,6)-piperideines, hybrid workers also contained significantly more piperidines than their parent species. This is the first evidence of heterosis of imported fire ants in venom production.
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Kumar RSC, Reddy GV, Babu KS, Rao JM. Gallium(III) Chloride-catalyzed Sakurai Reaction of α-Amido Sulfones with Allyltrimethylsilane: Access to Synthesis of 2,6-Disubstituted Piperidine Alkaloid Derivatives. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sateesh Chandra Kumar R, Sreedhar E, Venkateswar Reddy G, Suresh Babu K, Madhusudana Rao J. A simple and efficient enantioselective route to 2,6-disubstituted piperidines: synthesis of (2R,6S)-isosolenopsin A and (2S,6R)-isosolenopsin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen J, Cantrell CL, Shang HW, Rojas MG. Piperideine alkaloids from the poison gland of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3128-3133. [PMID: 19326861 DOI: 10.1021/jf803561y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The major chemical components in the venom of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, are 2-methyl-6-alkyl or alkenyl piperidines. After isolating the extracts of poison glands and whole worker bodies with column chromatography, we obtained fractions containing a mixture of six piperideine alkaloids. Reduction of those samples using NaBH(4) in ethanol generated piperidine alkaloids found in the fire ant poison gland, resulting in both the cis- and the trans-piperidine alkaloids. The mass spectra and gas chromatographic behavior of most piperidine alkaloids from fire ant venom have been well-characterized, which significantly facilitated the identification of these piperdeine compounds. On the basis of the mass spectra and profiles of NaBH(4) reduction products, we identified these alkaloids as 2-methyl-6-tridecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-tridecyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine, and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these piperideine alkaloids have been reported in red imported fire ant poison glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA.
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Chen L, Fadamiro HY. Re-investigation of venom chemistry of Solenopsis fire ants. II. Identification of novel alkaloids in S. invicta. Toxicon 2009; 53:479-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen L, Fadamiro HY. Re-investigation of venom chemistry of Solenopsis fire ants. I. Identification of novel alkaloids in S. richteri. Toxicon 2009; 53:469-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bandara Herath HMT, Dhammika Nanayakkara NP. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure fire ant venom alkaloids: Solenopsins and isosolenopsins A, B and C. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. T. Bandara Herath
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Leclercq S, Daloze D, Braekman JC. SYNTHESIS OF THE FIRE ANT ALKALOIDS, SOLENOPSINS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949609458571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leijondahl K, Borén L, Braun R, Bäckvall JE. Enzyme- and Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of 1,5-Diols. Application to the Synthesis of (+)-Solenopsin A. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1988-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8025109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Leijondahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Borén
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Braun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Gao J, Haas H, Wang KY, Chen Z, Breitenstein W, Rajan S. The use of MPA amide for the assignment of absolute configuration of a sterically hindered cyclic secondary amine by 'mix and shake' NMR method. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:17-22. [PMID: 18098224 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present here a new method using methoxyphenylacetic acid (MPA) as the chiral derivatizing agent (CDA) for the assignment of absolute configuration of cyclic secondary amines. The MPA amides were prepared using the purification-free 'mix and shake' method. A detailed conformational analysis for the two diastereomeric amides was conducted by 2D NMR experiments and molecular mechanics calculations. We have established that, in the most stable conformation of each syn rotamer of MPA amides, the H-alpha in the MPA moiety is oriented toward the bulky substituent group at the asymmetric carbon in the chiral amine, presumably to avoid steric and/or electrostatic interactions. The observed NMR data were correlated with the conformational model to allow unambiguous assignment of absolute configuration of secondary amines. The results demonstrate that the MPA can be used as a useful CDA in the case of sterically crowded cyclic secondary amines from which the MTPA amides are usually difficult to make.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Gao
- Discovery Technologies, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Arbiser JL, Kau T, Konar M, Narra K, Ramchandran R, Summers SA, Vlahos CJ, Ye K, Perry BN, Matter W, Fischl A, Cook J, Silver PA, Bain J, Cohen P, Whitmire D, Furness S, Govindarajan B, Bowen JP. Solenopsin, the alkaloidal component of the fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), is a naturally occurring inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling and angiogenesis. Blood 2006; 109:560-5. [PMID: 16990598 PMCID: PMC1785094 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-029934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and its downstream effector Akt, or protein kinase Balpha (PKBalpha), play a major regulatory role in control of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PI3K and Akt are amplified or overexpressed in a number of malignancies, including sarcomas, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, and melanoma. This pathway regulates production of the potent angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and protects tumor cells against both chemotherapy and reactive oxygen-induced apoptosis through phosphorylation of substrates such as apoptotic peptidase-activating factor-1 (APAF-1), forkhead proteins, and caspase 9. Given its diverse actions, compounds that suppress the PI3K/Akt pathway have potential pharmacologic utility as angiogenesis inhibitors and antineoplastic agents. Using the SVR angiogenesis assay, a screen of natural products, we isolated the alkaloid solenopsin, and found that it is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. We also found that solenopsin inhibits the PI3K signaling pathway in cells upstream of PI3K, which may underlie its affects on angiogenesis. Consistent with inhibition of the activation of PI3K, solenopsin prevented the phosphorylation of Akt and the phosphorylation of its substrate forkhead box 01a (FOXO1a), a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Interestingly, solenopsin also inhibited Akt-1 activity in an ATP-competitive manner in vitro without affecting 27 of 28 other protein kinases tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, WMB 5309, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Girard N, Hurvois J, Toupet L, Moinet C. Anodic Cyanation of (−)‐N‐Phenyl‐2‐Methylpiperidine: A Short Synthesis of (+)‐Solenopsin A and (+)‐Isosolenopsin A. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Girard
- a Laboratoire d'électrochimie, UMR 6509, Institut de Chimie , Université de Rennes I , Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Hurvois
- a Laboratoire d'électrochimie, UMR 6509, Institut de Chimie , Université de Rennes I , Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loic Toupet
- b Groupe Matière Condensée et Matériaux , Université de Rennes I , Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Claude Moinet
- a Laboratoire d'électrochimie, UMR 6509, Institut de Chimie , Université de Rennes I , Rennes Cedex, France
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Salvatori MDRS, Abou-Jneid R, Ghoulami S, Martin MT, Zaparucha A, Al-Mourabit A. Versatile access to C-4-substituted 2-amino-1,3-azoles from hydropyridines in oxidative conditions. J Org Chem 2006; 70:8208-11. [PMID: 16277351 DOI: 10.1021/jo050862o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical reaction: see text] Various substituted 2-aminotetrahydroazolopyridines and 2-aminohexahydroazolopyridines have been prepared by bromine-mediated addition of protected guanidine or urea to hydropyridine derivatives. The pH-dependent regioselective cleavage of the resulting aminal function led to the 2-aminoazole products III. The yields of the bicycles of type II, and their conversion into azoles III depends on the electronic properties of the substituents on the nitrogen of the tetrahydopyridine.
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Howell G, Butler J, Deshazo RD, Farley JM, Liu HL, Nanayakkara NPD, Yates A, Yi GB, Rockhold RW. Cardiodepressant and neurologic actions of Solenopsis invicta (imported fire ant) venom alkaloids. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 94:380-6. [PMID: 15801250 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the alkaloid compounds that are the majority components of fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) venom are capable of producing cardiovascular and central nervous system toxic effects in mammals. OBJECTIVE To evaluate toxic effects of synthetic S. invicta alkaloids in rodent models. METHODS Cardiovascular effects of intravenous injection of the racemic (+/-)-cis- and trans-isomers of 2-methyl-6-nundecylpiperidine (isosolenopsin A and solenopsin A, respectively) were evaluated in anesthetized, gallamine-paralyzed rats who had received artificial ventilation and in isolated, perfused rat hearts. RESULTS (+/-)-Solenopsin A dose dependently (3-30 mg/kg [10 to 104 micromol/kg]) depressed cardiovascular function. Maximal percent changes following injection of 30 mg/kg were -42.96% +/- 5.8% for blood pressure, -29.13% +/- 3.6% for heart rate, and -43.5% +/- 9.2% for left ventricular contractility (dP/dt). (+/-)-Isosolenopsin A (3-15 mg/kg [10 to 52 micromol/kg]) produced responses similar to those seen with the corresponding doses of solenopsin A. In conscious, spontaneously breathing rats, solenopsin A (30 mg/kg intravenously) caused seizures, respiratory arrest, and death. Infusion of working, isolated, perfused hearts with solenopsin A reduced contractile function (dP/dt) at 10 microM and caused cardiac arrest at 100 microM. CONCLUSIONS Two alkaloid components of imported fire ant venom possess robust cardiorespiratory depressant activity and elicit seizures in the rat. Such effects identify these alkaloids as toxic compounds in biological systems and may explain the cardiorespiratory failure noted in some individuals who experience massive fire ant stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Howell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA
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Wolckenhauer SA, Rychnovsky SD. Stereochemical course of the reductive spiroannulations of N-Boc and N-benzyl 2-cyanopiperidines. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Monfray J, Gelas-Mialhe Y, Gramain JC, Remuson R. A new asymmetric synthesis of 2,6-cis-disubstituted 4-methylenepiperidines: total synthesis of (+)-alkaloid 241D and (+)-isosolenopsin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang X, Dong Y, Sun J, Xu X, Li R, Hu Y. Nonracemic Betti Base as a New Chiral Auxiliary: Application to Total Syntheses of Enantiopure (2S,6R)-Dihydropinidine and (2S,6R)-Isosolenopsins. J Org Chem 2005; 70:1897-900. [PMID: 15730317 DOI: 10.1021/jo0480444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Total syntheses of enantiopure alkaloidal natural products (2S,6R)-dihydropinidine (as hydrochloride) and (2S,6R)-isosolenopsins (as hydrochlorides) were achieved in four steps and in 80-82% total yields by using a synthetic strategy of the formation-cleavage of 1,3-oxazinane. (S)-Betti base was proved to be an excellent chiral auxiliary and a novel Pd/C catalyzed N-debenzylation straightforward to amine hydrochloride was developed in the presence of CH2Cl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Yi GB, McClendon D, Desaiah D, Goddard J, Lister A, Moffitt J, Meer RKV, deShazo R, Lee KS, Rockhold RW. Fire ant venom alkaloid, isosolenopsin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Int J Toxicol 2003; 22:81-6. [PMID: 12745988 DOI: 10.1080/10915810305090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Massive, multiple fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, stings are often treated aggressively, particularly in the elderly, despite limited evidence of systemic toxicity due to the venom. Over 95% of the S. invicta venom is composed of piperidine alkaloid components, whose toxicity, if any, is unknown. To assess a possible pharmacological basis for systemic toxicity, an alkaloid-rich, protein-free methanol extract of the venom from whole ants was assayed for inhibitory activity on the following nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, rat cerebellar neuronal (nNOS), bovine recombinant endothelial (eNOS), and murine recombinant immunologic (iNOS). Cytosolic NOS activity was determined by measuring the conversion of [(3)H]arginine to [(3)H]citrulline in vitro. Rat nNOS activity was inhibited significantly and in a concentration-dependent manner by the alkaloid-rich venom extract. For nNOS, enzyme activity was inhibited by approximately 50% with 0.33 +/- 0.06 microg of this venom extract, and over 95% inhibition of the three isoforms, nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, was found with doses of 60 microg in 60 microl reaction mixture. These results indicate that the alkaloid components of S. invicta venom can produce potent inhibition of all three major NOS isoforms. Isosolenopsin A (cis-2-methyl-6-undecylpiperidine), a naturally occurring fire ant piperidine alkaloid, was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity against the three NOS isoforms. Enzyme activities for nNOS and eNOS were over 95% inhibited with 1000 microM of isosolenopsin A, whereas the activity of iNOS was inhibited by only about 20% at the same concentration. The IC(50) for each of three NOS isoforms was approximately 18 +/- 3.9 microM for nNOS, 156 +/- 10 microM for eNOS, and >1000 microM for iNOS, respectively. Kinetic studies showed isosolenopsin A inhibition to be noncompetitive with L-arginine (K(i) = 19 +/- 2 microM). The potency of isosolenopsin A as an inhibitor of nNOS compares favorably with the inhibitory potency of widely used nNOS inhibitors. Inhibition of NOS isoforms by isosolenopsin A and structurally similar compounds may have toxicological significance with respect to adverse reactions to fire ant stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Yi
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA
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Biosynthetic studies on adaline and adalinine, two alkaloids from ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Okitsu O, Suzuki R, Kobayashi S. Efficient synthesis of piperidine derivatives. Development of metal triflate-catalyzed diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-methoxy- and 2-acyloxypiperidines. J Org Chem 2001; 66:809-23. [PMID: 11430100 DOI: 10.1021/jo001297m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-methoxy- and 2-acyloxypiperidines were investigated. First, new and efficient methods for the preparation of the starting piperidine derivatives were developed. N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-methoxypiperidine (3) and 3-substituted-2-acyloxy-N-benzyloxycarbonylpiperidines (4a-d), which are recognized as the simplest imino-sugars, were prepared and were examined as substrates for nucleophilic substitution reactions with silyl enolates under the influence of catalytic amounts of metal triflates (Sc(OTf)3, Sn(OTf)2, Cu(OTf)2, Hf(OTf)4, etc). Among the triflates tested, Sc(OTf)3 gave the best results. It was found that 2-acetoxy-3-benzyloxy-N-benzyloxycarbonylpiperidine (4a) reacted with silyl enolates to afford the 2-alkylated adducts in high cis-selectivity, while 2,3-diacyloxy-N-benzyloxycarbonylpiperidines (4b-d) showed transselectivity. The stereochemical assignments were carefully performed using NMR analysis, X-ray crystallography, and synthetic transformations. Febrifugine (1), a potent antimalarial alkaloid, was successfully synthesized from 2,3-diacetoxy-N-benzyloxycarbonylpiperidine (4b) on the basis of these diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Okitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Leclercq S, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Pasteels JM. The defensive chemistry of ants. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2000; 79:115-229. [PMID: 10838783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6341-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Leclercq
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Devijver C, Salmoun M, Daloze D, Braekman JC, De Weerdt WH, De Kluijver MJ, Gomez R. (2R,3R,7Z)-2-Aminotetradec-7-ene-1,3-diol, a new amino alcohol from the caribbean sponge Haliclona vansoesti. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:978-980. [PMID: 10924178 DOI: 10.1021/np000081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Caribbean marine sponge Haliclona vansoesti was found to contain a high amount (5% dry wt) of a new analogue of 4-sphingenine, (2R,3R, 7Z)-2-aminotetradec-7-ene-1,3-diol (1). Its structure was determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The relative configuration was deduced from the NMR data of the corresponding acetonide 5, while the absolute configuration was secured via protection of the primary alcohol and amino groups, and esterification of the secondary alcohol with Mosher's reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Devijver
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, CP 160/07, University of Brussels, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Ciblat S, Besse P, Papastergiou V, Veschambre H, Canet JL, Troin Y. A simple and efficient enantioselective synthesis of piperidine alkaloids dihydropinidine and isosolenopsins A, B and C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Piperidine alkaloids compose most of the venom of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and we examined how six of these alkaloids varied across worker size and age. In a colony sampled intensively, the relative abundance of each alkaloid was highly correlated with worker size with one exception, and ratios of saturated to unsaturated alkaloids were positively correlated with worker size. Similarly, both the abundance and ratios of alkaloids differed significantly between the small and large workers sampled from colonies across Texas, USA. Young and old workers produced less venom than ants of intermediate age (3-7 weeks), and ratios of saturated to unsaturated alkaloids increased significantly with worker age. The differences in venom composition correspond to the size- and age-based functional roles of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Deslippe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-3131, USA.
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Synthesis of some alkaloids using the allyl derivatives of boron (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02252156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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