On the reactivity of CFnH3−nCH2X (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3, and X = H or Halogen atom)

Rh-Catalyzed Oxidation and Trifluoroethoxylation of N-Aryl-pyrrolidin-2-ones : A Domino Approach for the Synthesis of N-Aryl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,5- dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones

The synthesis of trifluoroethoxylated dihydropyrrolidones via rhodium-catalyzed oxidation and trifluoroethoxylation of pyrrolidones is presented in this paper. This process realized trifluoroethoxylation of non-activated sp3 C-H by domino approach for the...

Efficient O-Functionalization of Carbohydrates with Electrophilic Reagents

Novel methodology for O-functionalization of carbohydrate derivatives has been established using bench-stable and easily prepared iodonium(III) reagents. Both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating aryl groups were introduced under ambient conditions and without precautions to exclude air or moisture. Furthermore, the approach was extended both to full arylation of cyclodextrin, and to trifluoroethylation of carbohydrate derivatives. This is the first general approach to introduce traditionally non-electrophilic groups into any of the OH groups around the sugar backbone. The methodology will be useful both in synthetic organic chemistry and biochemistry, as important functional groups can be incorporated under simple and robust reaction conditions in a fast and efficient manner.

Efficient direct 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation of indoles via C–H functionalization

Metal free direct trifluoroethylation of unprotected indoles at position 3 via C–H functionalization is presented: straightforward synthesis and DFT studies.

Radiosynthesis of the tumor hypoxia marker [18F]TFMISO via O-[18F]trifluoroethylation reveals a striking difference between trifluoroethyl tosylate and iodide in regiochemical reactivity toward oxygen nucleophiles

The MRI hypoxia marker trifluoromisonidazole (TFMISO) [1-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propan-2-ol] was successfully labeled with (18)F to expand its role into a bimodal PET/MRI probe. (18)F-Labeling was achieved via a three-step procedure in which 2,2,2-[(18)F]trifluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate prepared by (18)F-(19)F exchange served as the [(18)F]trifluoroethylating agent. The O-[(18)F]trifluoroethylation reaction proceeded efficiently to give the intermediate 1,2-epoxy-3-(2,2,2-[(18)F]trifluoroethoxy)propane, with approximately 60% of (18)F incorporated from the tosylate precursor, which was condensed with 2-nitroimidazole to yield [(18)F]TFMISO. Approximately 40% of the [(18)F]trifluoroethyl tosylate precursor was converted into the final product. In stark contrast, 2,2,2-[(18)F]trifluoroethyl iodide failed to produce [(18)F]TFMISO, giving instead 1,1-[(18)F]difluoro-2-iodoethoxy and 1-[(18)F]fluoro-2-iodovinyloxy analogs of [(18)F]TFMISO. Thus, this investigation has identified 2,2,2-[(18)F]trifluoroethyl tosylate as an excellent [(18)F]trifluoroethylating agent, which can convert efficiently an alcohol into the corresponding [(18)F]trifluoroethyl ether.