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Ramli I, Cheriet T, Thuan DTB, Khoi DN, Thu DNK, Posadino AM, Fenu G, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G. Potential applications of antofine and its synthetic derivatives in cancer therapy: structural and molecular insights. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03180-x. [PMID: 38842561 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a major global health challenge, being the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiovascular disease. The growing economic burden and profound psychosocial impact on patients and their families make it urgent to find innovative and effective anticancer solutions. For this reason, interest in using natural compounds to develop new cancer treatments has grown. In this respect, antofine, an alkaloid class found in Apocynaceae, Lauraceae, and Moraceae family plants, exhibits promising biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Several molecular mechanisms have been identified underlying antofine anti-cancerous effects, including the inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, epigenetic inhibition of protein synthesis, ribosomal targeting, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and cell cycle arrest. This study discusses the molecular structure, sources, photochemistry, and anticancer properties of antofine in relation to its structure-activity relationship and molecular targets. Then, examine in vitro and in vivo studies and analyze the mechanisms of action underpinning antofine efficacy against cancer cells. This review also discusses multidrug resistance in human cancer and the potential of antofine in this context. Safety and toxicity concerns are also addressed as well as current challenges in antofine research, including the need for clinical trials and bioavailability optimization. This review aims to provide comprehensive information for more effective natural compound-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ramli
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Thamere Cheriet
- Unité de Valorisation Des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives Et Analyses Physicochimiques Et Biologiques, Université Des Frères Mentouri Constantine, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
- Département Science de La Nature Et de La Vie, Faculté Des Sciences Exactes Et Science de La Natute Et de La Vie, Université Mohammed Boudiaf-Oum El-Bouaghi, 04000, Oum El-Bouaghi, Algeria
| | | | - Dang Ngoc Khoi
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Gia Lam, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Lee S, Shin JE, Yoon R, Yoo H, Kim S. Annulation of O-silyl N, O-ketene acetals with alkynes for the synthesis of dihydropyridinones and its application in concise total synthesis of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267422. [PMID: 37810583 PMCID: PMC10551152 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of N-heterocycles with multiple substituents is important in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a novel method for the construction of functionalized dihydropyridinone rings through the annulation of an amide α-carbon with a tethered alkyne moiety. The reaction of the amide with the alkyne was achieved via O-silyl N,O-ketene acetal formation and silver-mediated addition. Furthermore, the developed method was applied for the total synthesis of phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids. By varying the coupling partners, a concise and collective total synthesis of these alkaloids was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eui Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ambareen Fatma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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4
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Shimada K, Suzuki M, Yahaba K, Aoyagi S, Takikawa Y, Korenaga T. An Efficient Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidine Core via Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction of In Situ Generated α-Allenylchalcogenoketenes With Cyclic Imines. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19857489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mariko Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yahaba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Aoyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuji Takikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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5
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Sharma KK, Nagaraju P, Mohanty ME, Baggi TRR, Rao VJ. Latent fingermark development using a novel phenanthro imidazole derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Wu S, Liu N, Dong G, Ma L, Wang S, Shi W, Fang K, Chen S, Li J, Zhang W, Sheng C, Wang W. Facile construction of pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolin-10(5H)-ones via a redox-amination–aromatization–Friedel–Crafts acylation cascade reaction and discovery of novel topoisomerase inhibitors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9593-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The new title compounds with uncovered topoisomerase inhibitory activities are efficiently constructed via a redox-amination–aromatization–Friedel–Crafts acylation cascade reaction.
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7
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Skonieczny K, Gryko DT. Photochemical Conversion of Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles into π-Expanded Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5753-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Ying W, Herndon JW. Total synthesis of (+)-antofine and (-)-cryptopleurine. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:10.1002/ejoc.201300200. [PMID: 24357989 PMCID: PMC3864684 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tylophorine alkaloid anticancer compounds antofine and cryptopleurine have been synthesized in optically active form. Both syntheses employ optically pure α-amino acids as the starting materials, require only seven steps from known 2-ethynylpyrrolidine or 2-ethynylpiperidine derivatives, and are free of protecting groups. Key steps include an alkyne hydration and a chromium carbene complex based net [5+5]-cycloaddition step. Alkyne hydration was accompanied by racemization of the resulting β-aminoketone under most of the conditions examined, and successful minimization of this side reaction was achieved through careful pH control and choice of metal additive. Final ring closure involves a Bischler-Napieralski reaction using a carbamate (antofine) or urea (cryptopleurine) precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Ying
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - James W. Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
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9
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Pansare SV, Dyapa R. Enantioselective approach to functionalized quinolizidines: synthesis of (+)-julandine and (+)-cryptopleurine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6776-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25689d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Linders JTM, Adriaansens RJO, Lie TS, Maat L. Scission of the epoxy ring in 4,5α-epoxymorphinans: A convenient synthesis of β-dihydrothebaine, 6-demethoxy-β-dihydrothebaine and desoxycodeine-A (Chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19861050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Klumpp GW. Oxygen- and nitrogen-assisted lithiation and carbolithiation of non-aromatic compounds; properties of non-aromatic organolithium compounds capable of intramolecular coordination to oxygen and nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19861050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine and its seco analogues using free radical reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Iron(III) chloride-based mild synthesis of phenanthrene and its application to total synthesis of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Camacho-Davila A, Herndon JW. Total Synthesis of Antofine Using the Net [5+5]-Cycloaddition of γ,δ-Unsaturated Carbene Complexes and 2-Alkynylphenyl Ketones as a Key Step. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6682-5. [PMID: 16901172 DOI: 10.1021/jo061053n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A compound containing all of the carbons of the anticancer agent antofine was produced in a single step from the coupling of a gamma,delta-unsaturated carbene complex with a 2-alkynylphenyl ketone derivative. Subsequent conversion to antofine was effected in three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Camacho-Davila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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15
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Narasimhan NS, Mali RS. Heteroatom directed aromatic lithiation reactions for the synthesis of condensed heterocyclic compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-16931-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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16
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An efficient entry to pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines and related systems through Parham cyclisation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V. Synthesis of deuterium labelled 2-bromobenzylamine by directedortho-metalation chemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Ruiz J, Sotomayor N, Lete E. Parham-type cycliacylation with Weinreb amides. Application to the synthesis of fused indolizinone systems. Org Lett 2003; 5:1115-7. [PMID: 12659587 DOI: 10.1021/ol034194+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Weinreb amides behave as efficient internal electrophiles in Parham-type cycliacylation reactions. Thus, aryl- and heteroaryllithiums generated by lithium-halogen exchange undergo intramolecular cyclization to give fused indolizinone systems as pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines, thieno[2,3-f]indolizinones, and pyrrolo[1,2-b]acridinones in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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19
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Olivera R, SanMartin R, Tellitu I, Domı́nguez E. The amine exchange/biaryl coupling sequence: a direct entry to the phenanthro[9,10-d]heterocyclic framework. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Metalation–cyclisation sequence on N-(o-halobenzyl)pyrroles. Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolones. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Fu JM, Snieckus V. The directed ortho metalation - palladium catalyzed cross coupling connection. A general regiospecific route to 9-phenanthrols and phenanthrenes. Exploratory further metalation. CAN J CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/v00-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new general and regiospecific synthesis of 9-phenanthrols (1 +2 [Formula: see text] 3 [Formula: see text] 4, Scheme 1, Table 1) proceeding by a Directed ortho Metalation (DoM), Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling, and a new LDA-mediated Directed remote Metalation sequence is described. The facile Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the phenanthrols 4 into the corresponding phenanthrenes 5 via their triflates 18 translates the original DoM regioselectivity also into a general synthesis of phenanthrenes (Table 2). Further DoM (19 [Formula: see text]20, 21; 24 [Formula: see text]25), cross coupling (20c [Formula: see text]23), as well as oxidation - ring contraction (4b, 4f [Formula: see text]28a, 28b) chemistry of phenanthrene derivatives is reported.Key words: 9-phenanthrols, directed ortho metalation, Suzuki cross coupling, synthesis.
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22
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Metallinos C, Nerdinger S, Snieckus V. N-Cumyl Benzamide, Sulfonamide, and Aryl O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Groups. Mild Hydrolytic Lability for Facile Manipulation of Directed Ortho Metalation Derived Aromatics. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol990846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costa Metallinos
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sven Nerdinger
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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23
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Lebrun S, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. Total syntheses of (±)-cryptopleurine, (±)-antofine and (±)-deoxypergularinine. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Dramatically different photochemical behaviour of 1-aroyl-2-methylene piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives. An expeditious synthesis of ruspolinone. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Ghosh D, Snyder SE, Watts VJ, Mailman RB, Nichols DE. 9-Dihydroxy-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-naph[1,2,3-de]isoquinoline: a potent full dopamine D1 agonist containing a rigid-beta-phenyldopamine pharmacophore. J Med Chem 1996; 39:549-55. [PMID: 8558526 DOI: 10.1021/jm950707+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis and preliminary pharmacological characterization of 8,9-dihydroxy-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-naph[1,2,3-de] isoquinoline (4, dinapsoline). This molecule was designed to conserve the essential elements contained in our D1 agonist pharmacophore model (i.e., position and orientation of the nitrogen, hydroxyls, and phenyl rings). It involved taking the backbone of dihydrexidine [3; (+/-)-trans-10, 11-dihydroxy-5,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydrobenzo[a] phenanthridine], the first high-affinity full D1 agonist, and tethering the two phenyl rings of dihydrexidine through a methylene bridge and removing the C(7)-C(8) ethano bridge. Preliminary molecular modeling studies demonstrated that these modifications conserved the essential elements of the hypothesized pharmacopore. Dinapsoline 4 had almost identical affinity (KI = 5.9 nM) to 3 at rat striatal D1 receptors and had a shallow competition curve (nH = 0.66) that suggested agonist properties. Consistent with this, in both rat striatum and C-6-mD1 cells, dinapsoline 4 was a full agonist with an EC50 of ca. 30 nM in stimulating synthesis of cAMP via D1 receptors. The design and synthesis of dinapsoline 4 provide a powerful test of the model of the D1 pharmacophore we have developed and provide another chemical series that can be useful probes for the study of D1 receptors. An interesting property of 3 is that it also has relatively high D2 affinity (K0.5 = 50 nM) despite having an accessory phenyl ring usually though to convey D1 selectivity. Dinapsoline 4 was found to have even higher affinity for the D2 receptor (K0.5 = 31 nM) than 3. Because of the high affinity of 4 for D2 receptors, it and its analogs can be powerful tools for exploring the mechanisms of "functional selectivity" (i.e., that 3 is an agonist at some D2 receptors, but an antagonist at others). Together, these data suggest that 4 and its derivatives may be powerful tools in the study of dopamine receptor function and also have potential clinical utility in Parkinson's disease and other conditions where perturbation of dopamine receptors is useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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26
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Bowles P, Clayden J, Tomkinson M. Diastereoisomeric atropisomers from the addition of lithiated N,N-dialkyl-l-naphthamides to aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01945-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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28
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Directed ortho metalation reactions. Expedient synthesis of 3,3′-disubstituted 1,1′-bi-(2-phenols) (BIPOLS). Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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30
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Synthetic strategies based on aromatic metalation - cross coupling links. regiospecific synthesis of the phenanthrene natural product gymnopusin. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)93485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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32
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33
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Zani C, de Oliveira A, Snieckus V. Efficient directed ortho metalation-based route to cytotoxic furanonaphthoquinone natural products. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Synthetic connections to the aromatic directed metalationreaction. Unsymmetrical biaryls by palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of directed metalation-derived arylboronic acids with aryl halides. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Suffness M, Cordell GA. Chapter 1 Antitumor Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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36
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Iwao M, Inoue H, Kuraishi T. GENERATION AND DIELS–ALDER REACTION OF 1-SILOXY-3-ARYLISOBENZOFURANS FROM 3-ARYLPHTHALIDES. CHEM LETT 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1984.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Mills R, Snieckus V. Silicon in benzamide directed ortho metalation reactions synthesis of peri-methyl substituted PAHs and natural anthraquinones. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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