1
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Zhang Y, Vanderghinste J, Wang J, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1474. [PMID: 38368416 PMCID: PMC10874380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (α-AAs) have improved properties compared to other types of amino acids. They serve as modifiers of peptide conformation and as precursors of bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has been a long-standing goal to construct this highly valuable scaffold efficiently in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, access to α,α-disubstituted α-AAs is highly challenging and largely unexplored due to their steric constraints. To overcome these, remarkable advances have been made in the last decades. Emerging strategies such as synergistic enantioselective catalysis, visible-light-mediated photocatalysis, metal-free methodologies and CO2 fixation offer new avenues to access the challenging synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and continuously bring additional contributions to this field. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements since 2015 and discuss existing challenges for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Jaro Vanderghinste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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2
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Prendes DS, Papp F, Sankaran N, Sivendran N, Beyer F, Merten C, Gooßen LJ. Enantioselective Synthesis of Arylglycines via Pd-Catalyzed Coupling of Schöllkopf Bis-Lactim Ethers with Aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309868. [PMID: 37671802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Arylglycines are important pharmacophores present in several top-selling drugs. This compound class has now been made accessible from abundant aryl chlorides by a Pd-catalyzed Schöllkopf-type amino acid synthesis. In the presence of the catalyst methylnaphthyl(XPhos)-palladium bromide, the base lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyrrolidide and the additive ZnCl2 , tert-leucine-derived bis-lactim ethers were efficiently arylated at room temperature, reaching yields of 95 % and diastereoselectivities of 98 : 2. Hydrolysis gave the corresponding arylglycines in high enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sowa Prendes
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Florian Papp
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nagesh Sankaran
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frederike Beyer
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Christian Merten
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Kamikawa K. Asymmetric reactions involving aryne intermediates. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00485-y. [PMID: 37117814 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Although arynes are usually considered fleeting intermediates, they are highly valuable synthons because they enable the introduction of aromatic rings and the simultaneous formation of new bonds at two sites. Although catalytic reactions using transition metals are excellent method for constructing complex polycyclic aromatic molecules in a single step, the use of asymmetric catalysis for the capture of arynes remains a crucial goal for the progress of aryne chemistry. Catalytic asymmetric reactions of arenes are challenging, requiring sufficient interactions between the neutral and highly reactive short-lived aryne intermediates in a stereo-controlled fashion. In addition, spontaneous decomposition, as well as side reactions, has hindered their development and, until recently, highly enantioselective reactions using arynes had remained elusive. This Review highlights asymmetric reactions using arynes, featuring diastereoselective, enantioselective and catalytic enantioselective reactions.
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4
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Duñabeitia E, Landa A, López R, Palomo C. Accessing Chiral Pyrrolodiketopiperazines under Organocatalytic Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:125-129. [PMID: 36579971 PMCID: PMC10018776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The production of chiral pyrrolodiketopiperazines under organocatalytic conditions demonstrates the capacity of bicyclic acylpyrrol lactims to perform as pronucleophiles in direct carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. The good performance of ureidoaminal-derived Brønsted bases in the Michael addition to nitroolefins affords these heterocyclic scaffolds with high skeleton diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Duñabeitia
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Araki Y, Hanada M, Iguchi Y, Mizoguchi H, Sakakura A. Enantioselective construction of β-hydroxy-α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives via direct aldol reaction of α-imino esters. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Henry Blackwell J, Harris GR, Smith MA, Gaunt MJ. Modular Photocatalytic Synthesis of α-Trialkyl-α-Tertiary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15946-15959. [PMID: 34551248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecules displaying an α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amine motif provide access to an important and versatile area of biologically relevant chemical space but are challenging to access through existing synthetic methods. Here, we report an operationally straightforward, multicomponent protocol for the synthesis of a range of functionally and structurally diverse α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amines, which makes use of three readily available components: dialkyl ketones, benzylamines, and alkenes. The strategy relies on the of use visible-light-mediated photocatalysis with readily available Ir(III) complexes to bring about single-electron reduction of an all-alkyl ketimine species to an α-amino radical intermediate; the α-amino radical undergoes Giese-type addition with a variety of alkenes to forge the α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amine center. The mechanism of this process is believed to proceed through an overall redox neutral pathway that involves photocatalytic redox-relay of the imine, generated from the starting amine-ketone condensation, through to an imine-derived product. This is possible because the presence of a benzylic amine component in the intermediate scaffold drives a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer step after the Giese addition to form a stable benzylic α-amino radical, which is able to close the photocatalytic cycle. These studies detail the evolution of the reaction platform, an extensive investigation of the substrate scope, and preliminary investigation of some of the mechanistic features of this distinct photocatalytic process. We believe this transformation will provide convenient access to previously unexplored α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amine scaffolds that should be of considerable interest to practitioners of synthetic and medicinal chemistry in academic and industrial institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henry Blackwell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia R Harris
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Milo A Smith
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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7
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Blackwell JH, Kumar R, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination to All-Alkyl α-Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1598-1609. [PMID: 33428383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The all-alkyl α-tertiary amino acid scaffold represents an important structural feature in many biologically and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Syntheses of this class of molecule, however, often involve multiple steps and require activating auxiliary groups on the nitrogen atom or tailored building blocks. Here, we report a straightforward, single-step, and modular methodology for the synthesis of all-alkyl α-tertiary amino esters. This new strategy uses visible light and a silane reductant to bring about a carbonyl alkylative amination reaction that combines a wide range of primary amines, α-ketoesters, and alkyl iodides to form functionally diverse all-alkyl α-tertiary amino esters. Brønsted acid-mediated in situ condensation of primary amine and α-ketoester delivers the corresponding ketiminium species, which undergoes rapid 1,2-addition of an alkyl radical (generated from an alkyl iodide by the action of visible light and silane reductant) to form an aminium radical cation. Upon a polarity-matched and irreversible hydrogen atom transfer from electron rich silane, the electrophilic aminium radical cation is converted to an all-alkyl α-tertiary amino ester product. The benign nature of this process allows for broad scope in all three components and generates structurally and functionally diverse suite of α-tertiary amino esters that will likely have widespread use in academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henry Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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8
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N–H insertion reaction via an iron carbenoid from α-diazophenylpropionate and its application to the formal total synthesis of stizolobinic acid. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Mei H, Han J, Klika KD, Izawa K, Sato T, Meanwell NA, Soloshonok VA. Applications of fluorine-containing amino acids for drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111826. [PMID: 31740056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing amino acids are becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs due to two general trends in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the growing acceptance of peptides and modified peptides as drugs; and secondly, fluorine editing has become a prevalent protocol in drug-candidate optimization. Accordingly, fluorine-containing amino acids represent one of the more promising and rapidly developing areas of research in organic, bio-organic and medicinal chemistry. The goal of this Review article is to highlight the current state-of-the-art in this area by profiling 42 selected compounds that combine fluorine and amino acid structural elements. The compounds under discussion represent pharmaceutical drugs currently on the market, or in clinical trials as well as examples of drug-candidates that although withdrawn from development had a significant impact on the progress of medicinal chemistry and/or provided a deeper understanding of the nature and mechanism of biological action. For each compound, we present features of biological activity, a brief history of the design principles and the development of the synthetic approach, focusing on the source of tailor-made amino acid structures and fluorination methods. General aspects of the medicinal chemistry of fluorine-containing amino acids and synthetic methodology are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, United States.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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10
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Amer MM, Abas H, Leonard DJ, Ward JW, Clayden J. Amino Acid-Derived trans-N-Chloroformylimidazolidinones: Scalable, Stereoselective Synthesis, Structure, and Utility. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7199-7206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mahmoud Amer
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Hossay Abas
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Daniel J. Leonard
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - John W. Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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11
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Leonard DJ, Ward JW, Clayden J. Asymmetric α-arylation of amino acids. Nature 2018; 562:105-109. [PMID: 30283103 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary amino acids, in which the α-carbon that bears the amino and carboxyl groups also carries two carbon substituents, have an important role as modifiers of peptide conformation and bioactivity and as precursors of medicinally important compounds1,2. In contrast to enantioselective alkylation at this α-carbon, for which there are several methods3-8, general enantioselective introduction of an aryl substituent at the α-carbon is synthetically challenging9. Nonetheless, the resultant α-aryl amino acids and their derivatives are valuable precursors to bioactive molecules10,11. Here we describe the synthesis of quaternary α-aryl amino acids from enantiopure amino acid precursors by α-arylation without loss of stereochemical integrity. Our approach relies on the temporary formation of a second stereogenic centre in an N'-arylurea adduct12 of an imidazolidinone derivative6 of the precursor amino acid, and uses readily available enantiopure amino acids both as a precursor and as a source of asymmetry. It avoids the use of valuable transition metals, and enables arylation with electron-rich, electron-poor and heterocyclic substituents. Either enantiomer of the product can be formed from a single amino acid precursor. The method is practical and scalable, and provides the opportunity to produce α-arylated quaternary amino acids in multi-gram quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Chauhan SS, Shang S, Pennington MW. Enantioselective synthesis of Fmoc- -3-(2-benzothienyl)alanine (2-BtAla) via diastereoselective alkylation of a glycine equivalent. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Hu K, Sun C, Yu M, Li W, Lin H, Guo J, Jiang Y, Lei C, Li Z. Dual In-Tether Chiral Centers Modulate Peptide Helicity. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1537-1543. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mengying Yu
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huacan Lin
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jialin Guo
- Shenzhen Senior High School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, China
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chengxiang Lei
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- School
of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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14
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Chambers RK, Chaipukdee N, Thaima T, Kanokmedhakul K, Pyne SG. Synthesis of α-Propargylglycinates Using the Borono-Mannich Reaction with Pinacol Allenylboronate and Potassium Allenyltrifluoroborate. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Chambers
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; 2522 Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Nattapong Chaipukdee
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; 2522 Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Natural Products Research Unit; Department of Chemistry; and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Khon Kaen University; 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Thanaphat Thaima
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; 2522 Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit; Department of Chemistry; and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Khon Kaen University; 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; 2522 Wollongong New South Wales Australia
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15
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Speltz TE, Fanning SW, Mayne CG, Fowler C, Tajkhorshid E, Greene GL, Moore TW. Stapled Peptides with γ‐Methylated Hydrocarbon Chains for the Estrogen Receptor/Coactivator Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Speltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago 833 S. Wood St. Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Sean W. Fanning
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Colin Fowler
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Geoffrey L. Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Terry W. Moore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago 833 S. Wood St. Chicago IL 60612 USA
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16
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Speltz TE, Fanning SW, Mayne CG, Fowler C, Tajkhorshid E, Greene GL, Moore TW. Stapled Peptides with γ-Methylated Hydrocarbon Chains for the Estrogen Receptor/Coactivator Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4252-5. [PMID: 26928945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
"Stapled" peptides are typically designed to replace two non-interacting residues with a constraining, olefinic staple. To mimic interacting leucine and isoleucine residues, we have created new amino acids that incorporate a methyl group in the γ-position of the stapling amino acid S5. We have incorporated them into a sequence derived from steroid receptor coactivator 2, which interacts with estrogen receptor α. The best peptide (IC50 =89 nm) replaces isoleucine 689 with an S-γ-methyl stapled amino acid, and has significantly higher affinity than unsubstituted peptides (390 and 760 nm). Through X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics studies, we show that the conformation taken up by the S-γ-methyl peptide minimizes the syn-pentane interactions between the α- and γ-methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Speltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sean W Fanning
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Colin Fowler
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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17
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Toop HD, Dun MD, Ross BK, Flanagan HM, Verrills NM, Morris JC. Development of novel PP2A activators for use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4605-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of new cytotoxic analogs of AAL(S) are reported. Our findings identify key structural motifs required for anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Hayley M. Flanagan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
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18
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Toop HD, Don AS, Morris JC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogs of AAL(S) for use as ceramide synthase 1 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11593-6. [PMID: 26535908 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis to access hydrophobic tail analogs and head group modifications of AAL(S) is described. The analogs synthesised were evaluated for their ability to inhibit ceramide synthase 1 and for their cytotoxicity in K562 cells. Our results have identified inhibitors which are non-cytotoxic yet maintain CerS1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish D Toop
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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19
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20
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Saha N, Chatterjee B, Chattopadhyay SK. δ,ε-Unsaturated α,β-Diamino Acids as Building Blocks for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Diverse α,β-Diamino Acids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1896-904. [PMID: 25562112 DOI: 10.1021/jo5022162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemai Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
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21
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Adachi M, Nakajima M, Isobe M. Asymmetric synthesis of 3-azide-4-fluoro-l-phenylalanine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:707-9. [PMID: 25559241 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.997185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of N-Fmoc-protected 3-azide-4-fluoro-l-phenylalanine as a photoactive phenylalanine analog has been achieved by Schöllkopf's alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaatsu Adachi
- a Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
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22
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23
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Šačkus A, Bričkutė D, Paliulis O, Sløk FA. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogs of α-aminoadipic Acid and its Esters Based on Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]Thiazole. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Diana Bričkutė
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Osvaldas Paliulis
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
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24
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Maestro MA, Avecilla F, Sorochinsky AE, Ellis TK, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. ChiralN(H)-tBu andN(H)-Ad NiIIComplexes of Glycine Schiff Bases: Deduction of a Mode of Kinetic Diastereoselectivity. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Bergagnini M, Fukushi K, Han J, Shibata N, Roussel C, Ellis TK, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. NH-type of chiral Ni(ii) complexes of glycine Schiff base: design, structural evaluation, reactivity and synthetic applications. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1278-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41959b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Garduño-Castro MH, Hernández-Rodríguez M. Application of acyclic chiral auxiliaries on alkylation reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Sorochinsky AE, Aceña JL, Moriwaki H, Sato T, Soloshonok VA. Asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids via homologation of Ni(II) complexes of glycine Schiff bases; Part 1: alkyl halide alkylations. Amino Acids 2013; 45:691-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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A novel benzazepinone sodium channel blocker with oral efficacy in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3640-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Atkinson RC, Leonard DJ, Maury J, Castagnolo D, Volz N, Clayden J. Intramolecular arylation of amino acid enolates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9734-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Houck D, Luis Aceña J, Soloshonok VA. Alkylations of Chiral Nickel(II) Complexes of Glycine under Phase-Transfer Conditions. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Liu Z, Mehta SJ, Hruby VJ. Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acids with γ,δ-Unsaturation. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2012.676507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
| | - Sukeshi J. Mehta
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
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32
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Jones EP, Jones P, White AJP, Barrett AGM. Asymmetric synthesis of quaternary aryl amino acid derivatives via a three-component aryne coupling reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1570-6. [PMID: 22238534 PMCID: PMC3252860 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A method was developed for the synthesis of α-alkyl, α-aryl-bislactim ethers in good to excellent yields and high diastereoselectivities, consisting of a facile one-pot procedure in which the aryl group is introduced by means of a nucleophilic addition to benzyne and the alkyl group by alkylation of a resultant benzylic anion. Hydrolysis of the sterically less hindered adducts gave the corresponding quaternary amino acids with no racemization, whereas hydrolytic ring opening gave the corresponding valine dipeptides from bulkier bislactims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
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33
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Eißmann F, Weber E. N-(p-Ethynylbenzoyl) derivatives of amino acid and dipeptide methyl esters – Synthesis and structural study. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Fletcher SP, Solà J, Holt D, Brown RA, Clayden J. Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched (R)-C-labelled 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) by conformational memory in the alkylation of a derivative of L-alanine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1304-9. [PMID: 22043239 PMCID: PMC3201042 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of Kouklovsky and coworkers for the enantioselective alkylation of cyclic N-naphthoyl derivatives of amino acids was used to introduce a 13C label into one of the two enantiotopic methyl groups of 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) by retentive alkylation of L-alanine with 13CH3I. Conditions were identified for optimization of yield and enantiomeric purity, and the absolute configuration of the labelled product was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Fletcher
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Konas
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , New Jersey , USA
| | - Drilona Seci
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , New Jersey , USA
| | - Safa Tamimi
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , New Jersey , USA
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36
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Vandormael B, De Wachter R, Martins JC, Hendrickx PMS, Keresztes A, Ballet S, Mallareddy JR, Tóth F, Tóth G, Tourwé D. Asymmetric Synthesis and Conformational Analysis by NMR Spectroscopy and MD of Aba- and α-MeAba-Containing Dermorphin Analogues. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:2035-47. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Gurram M, Gyimóthy B, Wang R, Lam SQ, Ahmed F, Herr RJ. Concise Enantiospecific, Stereoselective Syntheses of (+)-Crispine A and Its (−)-Antipode. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1605-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahender Gurram
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Balázs Gyimóthy
- Chemistry & Innovation Department, AMRI, Záhony utca 7, H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Sang Q. Lam
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Feryan Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - R. Jason Herr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
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38
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Jones EP, Jones P, Barrett AGM. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Aryl Amino Acids; Aryne-Mediated Diastereoselective Arylation. Org Lett 2011; 13:1012-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Limited, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Peter Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Limited, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Limited, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, U.K
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39
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Kim Y, Han S. Synthesis of L‐6‐Chloropyrroloindoline of Chloptosin Cyclohexapeptide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200026636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Ah Kim
- a Department of Chemistry and Division of Molecular Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul, 120‐750, Korea
| | - So‐Yeop Han
- a Department of Chemistry and Division of Molecular Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul, 120‐750, Korea
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40
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Wang YL, Qian WJ, Wei WG, Zhang Y, Yao ZJ. Synthesis of the cyclic nonapeptide of chlorofusin using a convergent [3+3+3]-fragment coupling strategy. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Martelli G, Orena M, Rinaldi S, Sabatino P. Diastereoselective functionalisation of Baylis–Hillman adducts: a convenient approach to α-methyl-α-amino acids. Amino Acids 2010; 39:489-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Huang D, Jiang GM, Chen HX, Gao WD. Preparation of N-Acetyl-2-arylglycin Esters by N-H Insertion Reaction of Aryldiazoacetates with Acetamide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910902964817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-textile , Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education , Wuxi , China
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , China
| | - Guo-Ming Jiang
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hong-Xia Chen
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wen-Dong Gao
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-textile , Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education , Wuxi , China
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43
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Wagner FM, Ermert J, Coenen HH. Three-Step, “One-Pot” Radiosynthesis of 6-Fluoro-3,4-Dihydroxy-l-Phenylalanine by Isotopic Exchange. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1724-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.063297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
We report a new synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-4-fluorohisitidine based on diastereoselective alkylation of MOM-protected 4-fluoro-5-bromomethyl imidazole using the Schöllkopf bis-lactim amino acid synthesis. Improvements in procedures for preparation of key intermediates are also described. (S)-4-Fluorohisitidine prepared by this new method was identical in all respects to material prepared by previous procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hajduch
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892
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45
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Simpson RD, Zhao W. Asymmetric syntheses of (1r,3R,4S)- and (1s,3R,4S)-(3,4-difluorocyclopentyl)-alanine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Bucuroaia C, Groth U, Huhn T, Klinge M. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Allenylglycines. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Alonso F, Davies SG, Elend AS, Leech MA, Roberts PM, Smith AD, Thomson JE. Stereoselective functionalisation of cis- and trans-2-ferrocenyl-3-pivaloyl-4-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones: asymmetric synthesis of (R)- and (S)-2-alkyl-2-aminopent-4-enoic acids and (2R,3S)-2-amino-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:527-36. [PMID: 19156319 DOI: 10.1039/b814453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of a range of cis- and trans-2-ferrocenyl-3-pivaloyl-4-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones with LDA followed by the addition of allyl bromide promotes highly stereoselective allylation (>98% de) at the 4-position of the oxazolidinone ring anti to the stereodirecting 2-ferrocenyl group. Hydrolysis of the resultant 4,4-disubstituted oxazolidinones (>98% de) yields enantiomeric (R)- and (S)-2-alkyl-2-aminopent-4-enoic acids in high ee. Furthermore, the aldol reaction of the lithium enolate of cis-2-ferrocenyl-3-pivaloyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-5-one with benzaldehyde followed by in situ O-protection affords O-protected aldol products in >98% de, with hydrolysis affording (2R,3S)-2-amino-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid in >98% de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UKOX1 3TA
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48
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Anthranilimide-based glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes: 2. Optimization of serine and threonine ether amino acid residues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:981-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Imidazopyridines: A novel class of hNav1.7 channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Hoyt SB, London C, Wyvratt MJ, Fisher MH, Cashen DE, Felix JP, Garcia ML, Li X, Lyons KA, Euan MacIntyre D, Martin WJ, Priest BT, Smith MM, Warren VA, Williams BS, Kaczorowski GJ, Parsons WH. 3-Amino-1,5-benzodiazepinones: Potent, state-dependent sodium channel blockers with anti-epileptic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1963-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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