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Fresia M, Dierks A, Jones PG, Lindel T. Synthesis of the indeno[1,2- b]indole core of janthitrem B. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9065-9069. [PMID: 37937993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The tetracyclic core structure of the majority of indole diterpenoids features a trans-hydrindane moiety that is fused to an indole unit. We report here a novel synthetic route that includes a photo-Nazarov cyclization of a 3-acylindole precursor initially providing the thermodynamically preferred cis-hydrindanone. After reduction and conversion to the cyclopentadiene, dihydroxylation and hydrogenation provided the indoline. The key step generated the trans-system by stereospecific hydride shift on a dioxaphospholane under Grainger's conditions, for the first time applied to an N-heterocycle. When starting from the corresponding indole, we observed the formation of hitherto unknown methanocyclohepta[b]indolones. Deoxygenation of the trans-hydrindanone was achieved after conversion to the 1,3-dithiolane, followed by RANEY® Ni reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Fresia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Dierks
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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2
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Abstract
The relative stabilities of several cis- and trans-hydrindanones were compared using both isomerization experiments and MM2 calculations. The generally believed rule that cis-hydrindanones are more stable than trans-isomers is applicable, but is not always true. This review introduces examples, mainly from studies in our laboratory, to explain these facts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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3
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B-norsteroids from Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Molecules 2012; 17:7769-81. [PMID: 22732888 PMCID: PMC6268255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two viridin-related B-norsteroids, B-norviridiol lactone (1) and B-norviridin enol (2), both possessing distinct unprecedented carbon skeletons, were isolated from a liquid culture of the ash dieback-causing fungus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Compound 2 was found to degrade to a third B-norsteroidal compound, 1β-hydroxy-2α-hydro-asterogynin A (3), which was later detected in the original culture. The proposed structure of 1 is, regarding connectivity, identical to the original erroneous structure for TAEMC161, which was later reassigned as viridiol. Compound 2 showed an unprecedented 1H–13C HMBC correlation through an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The five-membered B-ring of compounds 1-3 was proposed to be formed by a benzilic acid rearrangement. The known compound asterogynin A was found to be formed from 3 by a β-elimination of water. All compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, LC-HRMS and polarimetry.
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Abstract
Aspects of the stereochemistry of addition reactions to B-norsteroidal 4- and 5-alkenes are compared to the corresponding reactions in normal 6:6 A/B series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Uyanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kocaeli, Umuttepe, Izmit 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - James R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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Tsantali GG, Dimtsas J, Tsoleridis CA, Takakis IM. Preparation of Sixteen 3-Hydroxy-4- and 7-Hydroxy-1-hydrindanones and 3-Hydroxy-4- and 8-Hydroxy-1-hydroazulenones. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Chapelon AS, Ollivier C, Santelli M. A short and convenient access to a trans-hydrindane unit from the anti-meso-acetylmethyldivinylcyclopentane via a radical pathway. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Quibell M, Benn A, Flinn N, Monk T, Ramjee M, Wang Y, Watts J. Bicyclic peptidomimetic tetrahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyrrol-3-one and hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-3-one based scaffolds: synthesis and cysteinyl proteinase inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:5689-710. [PMID: 15465346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of (3aS,6aR)-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyrrol-3-ones and (3aS,7aR)-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-3-ones has been developed through Fmoc protected scaffolds 12 and 13. A key design element within these novel bicyclic scaffolds, in particular the 5,5-fused system, was the inherent stability of the cis-fused geometry in comparison to that of the corresponding trans-fused. Since the bridgehead stereocentre situated beta to the ketone was of a fixed and stable configuration, the fact that cis ring fusion is both kinetically and thermodynamically stable with respect to trans ring fusion provides chiral stability to the bridgehead stereocentre that is situated alpha to the ketone. To exemplify this principle, building blocks 12 and 13 were designed, prepared and utilised in a solid phase combinatorial synthesis of peptidomimetic inhibitors 10, 45a-e, 11 and 46. Both series were chirally stable with 5,5-series 10 and 45a-e exhibiting potent in vitro activity against a range of CAC1 cysteinyl proteinases. Compound 10, a potent and selective inhibitor of cathepsin K, possessed good primary DMPK properties along with promising activity in an in vitro cell-based human osteoclast assay of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quibell
- Amura Therapeutics Limited, Incenta House, Horizon Park, Barton Road, Comberton, Cambridge CB3 7AJ, UK.
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10
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Hanson JR, Hitchcock PB, Thangavelu V, Uyanik C. A 13C NMR Method for Determining the Stereochemistry of the A/B Ring Junction in B-Norsteroids. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 1999. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A correlation between the position of the 13C NMR signal for the C-10 methyl group (C-19) and the stereochemistry of the A/B ring junction has been established and applied to the determination of the stereochemistry of the products of the hydroboration of B-norandrosta-3,5-dien-17-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Hanson
- The School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, The University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Peter B. Hitchcock
- The School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, The University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Vasuki Thangavelu
- The School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, The University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Cavit Uyanik
- The School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, The University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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11
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Reeder AY, Joannou GE. 15 beta-hydroxysteroids (Part VI). steroids of the human perinatal period: the preparation and reactions of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,15-androstadien-17-one. The synthesis of 3 beta,15 beta-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and derivatives. Steroids 1996; 61:22-6. [PMID: 8789732 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(95)00171-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A successful approach to the synthesis of 3 beta,15 beta-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (14d) has been developed using trichloroethoxy ethers as intermediates in the synthesis of the corresponding alcohols. 3 beta-Methoxymethoxy-5,15-androstadien-17-one (10c) was prepared by a selenation/dehydroselenation strategy from 3 beta-methoxymethoxy-5-androsten-17-one (14c). Base-catalyzed reaction of trichloroethanol with 10c gave 3 beta-methoxymethoxy-15 beta-trichloroethoxy-5-androsten-17-one (14g). Under the same conditions, 3 beta-acetoxy-5,15-androstadien-17-one (10b) gave 3 beta-hydroxy-15 beta-trichloroethoxy-5-androsten-17-one (14f) which was characterized after conversion to 14g. Cleavage of the trichloroethoxy group in 14f with zinc or zinc/copper couple gave 14d. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 17,17-ethylenedioxy-5,15-androstadien-3 beta-ol (15) gave 3 beta-hydroxy-5,15-androstadien-17-one (10a) as the major product along with 14d. However, addition of water to 10a in the presence of acid gave the desired product 14d in poor yield (15%).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Reeder
- Department of Metabolic Mass Spectrometry, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Mizhiritskii MD, Konstantinovskii LE, Vishkautsan R. 2D NMR study of solution conformations and complete 1H and 13C chemical shifts assignments of vitamin D metabolites and analogs. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Siddiqui AU, Wilson WK, Parish EJ, Gerst N, Pinkerton FD, Schroepfer GJ. Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Synthesis and spectral properties of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan-15-one and its 17 beta-epimer and their effects on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Chem Phys Lipids 1994; 74:1-15. [PMID: 7820900 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
3 beta-Hydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan-15-one (2a) and its 14 beta-epimer 2b were prepared from 3 beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene (3). Hydroboration of 3 at 45-50 degrees C gave a mixture of 5 alpha,14 alpha-cholestane-3 beta,15 alpha-diol and 5 alpha,14 beta-cholestane-3 beta,15 beta-diol, which were separated on silica gel as their 3 beta-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers 5a and 5b. Oxidation of 5a with pyridinium chlorochromate, followed by desilylation with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave 2a. Analogous transformations of 5b gave 2b contaminated with 2a. Desilylation of 5b followed by oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate resulted in a mixture composed mainly of 5 alpha,14 beta-cholestane-3,15-dione and 2b. Successive chromatographic separations on silica gel and reversed phase media gave 2b of high purity. Compound 2a was also prepared by lithium-ammonia reduction of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (96% yield) and by selective reduction of 5 alpha-cholestane-3,15-dione with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (90% yield). Isomers 2a and 2b were readily epimerized under acidic or basic conditions or under conditions used for gas chromatographic analysis. The purities of 2a and 2b were measured from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra; chromatographic methods gave less reliable estimates of purity. NMR data also showed that ring C of the 14 beta sterols is predominantly in a chair conformation. The effects of 2a and 2b on the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase have been studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892
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Robinet G, Barthelat M, Rivière M, Devillers J. Mécanique moleculaire: étude des stabilités relatives et des conformations des dimères de l'isophorone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(92)87129-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Tori M, Hasebe T, Asakawa Y. Total Synthesis of (−)-Chiloscyphone, Sesquiterpenoid Isolated from the Liverwort. Absolute Configuration of (−)-Chiloscyphone and (+)-Chiloscypholone. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1990. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.63.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Tietze LF, Bratz M. Intramolecular Electrophilic Cyclization of Doubly Activated Imines Induced by Lewis Acids and Trialkylsilyl Triflates. An Efficient Route to Substituted Piperidines and Annulated Piperidine Lactones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19891220532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Mosquera RA, Rios MA, Tovar CA. Conformational analysis of 5Z- and 5E-vitamin D3 dihydroderivatives by molecular mechanics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(88)80347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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White D, Bovill M. The effect of non-bonded H ⋯ H potentials on calculated molecular conformations and steric energies. J Mol Struct 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(76)85091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Masamune T, Murai A, Nishizakura K, Orito T, Numata S, Sasamori H. Stereochemistry of the C and D Rings of C-Nor-D-homosteroids. IV. The Relative Stabilities and NMR Spectra of 17-Substituted C/Dtrans- andcis-Fused Etiojervanes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1976. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.49.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Calculation of Molecular Structure and Energy by Force-Field Methods. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Brunel Y, Coulombeau C, Faucher H, Morat C, Rassat A. Determination photographique des coordonnees D'une molecule. Tetrahedron 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)99401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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